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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREIT 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


-'  # 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibiiographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original     >py  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
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L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mdthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu^s  ci-dessous. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


D 


Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


n 
n 

n 


Covers  damaged/ 
Couverture  endommagde 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couveiture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul^e 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g6ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


D 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagdes 

Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul^es 


0   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  ddcolor^es,  tachet^es  ou  piqudes 


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Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

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u 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli6  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
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Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
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II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutdes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  dtait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
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n 


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Comprend  du  materiel  supplementaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
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D 


Additional  comments:/ 
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m 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  film6  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqud  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

30X 

J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

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g6n6rosit6  de: 

Saint  John  Regional  Library 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
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filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
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sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
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first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprim6e  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
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premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaltra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  •^»>  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  tt  med  £t 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tat<eaux,  etc,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  n^cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  m6ti:ode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

•I 


4 


EASTPORT 


AND 


PASSAMAQUODDY 


^    COLLECTION  OF 
LLISTORICAL  AXD  BIOGRAI^HICAL   SKETCILES 


COMl'ILED    I)V 

UILLIAM    HENRY    KILHV 

Willi    NUTKS   wn   ADDITIONS 


Ac. 


KA  ST  PORT,  MAfXi; 
KDWAKI)  i;.  SHEAI)  \  COMI-AXN" 

iSSS 


C'/frix/if,  /SSS, 

]\\    WlI.MAM    IIlNRV    KllJiV 


rre»a  nr' (Iro.  li.  Kllv,  111  IrunkUn  Street,  Boston. 


IRE  F  A  C  E 


The  town  of  Eastport,  situated  on  a  frontier  island,  its 
fortunes  involved  in  the  boundary  disputes,  restrictive  meas- 
ures, and  wars  of  two  rival  nations,  has  had  a  peculiar  and 
eventful  history.  This  has  never  been  fully  written  out ;  but 
several  articles  prepared  by  competent  writers,  covering  por- 
tions of  the  narrative,  have  from  time  to  time  appeared  in 
print.  This  historical  material,  some  of  which  is  of  great 
value,  is  not  anywhere  accessible  to  the  general  reader, 
Mr.  Weston's  lyceum  lecture  was  published  in  pamphlet 
form  soon  after  delivery  in  1834;  but  it  is  practically  out  of 
print,  the  few  copies  known  to  be  in  existence  being  depos- 
ited in  libraries  or  held  by  collectors  at  extravagant  prices. 
An  edition  of  one  thousand  copies  nearly  ready  for  issue 
was  destroyed  at  the  burning  of  the  Sentinel  establishment 
in  1886.  Of  Mr.  Sabine's  papers,  that  on  "  Moose  Island 
Four  Years  under  Martial  Law  "  was  originally  published  in 
the  New  York  Historical  Ma^^azine  {ox  April  and  May,  1870; 
and  this  as  well  as  other  articles  from  his  pen  have  appeared 
in  the  columns  of  the  Kastport  Sentinel.  It  has  seemed  to 
the  compiler  that  these  papers  ought  to  be  collected  and  pub- 
lished in  permanent  form,  and  that,  with  suitable  additions, 
a  volume  might  be  made,  which,  if  not  exactly  a  iiistory  of  the 
town,  would  be  a  very  good  substitute  for  one.  This  mode 
of  writing  history  has  been  adopted  in  other  instances.  The 
"  Memorial  History  of  Boston,"  instead  of  being  the  consecu- 
tive r  arration  of  a  single  author,  is  made  up  of  separate  chap- 


8 


PREFACE 


ters  by  a  number  of  writers,  each  a  specialist  in  his  own  field. 
The  plan  has  its  disadvantages,  and  bo'h  omissions  and 
repetitions  will  be  found ;  but  no  other  writer  could  expect 
to  relate  as  well  the  story  of  the  times  of  the  Embargo  and 
British  rule  as  Mr.  Sabine  has  done,  or  give  fuller  report  of 
our  townsmen's  service  in  putting  down  the  great  rebellion 
than  that  of  Mr.  Eldridge. 

The  early  history  of  the  town  is  so  intimately  connected 
with  that  of  the  entire  section  that  the  scope  of  the  volume 
has  been  made  to  cover  the  whole  Passamaquoddy  region. 
An  explanation  may  be  needed  to  show  why  the  names 
"  Passamaquoddy,"  "  Moose  Island,"  and  "  Eastport  "  have 
all  been  used  for  the  same  locality.  At  first,  the  place  was 
known  as  Passamaquoddy,  or  "  Quoddy."  The  collection 
district  of  Passamaquoddy  was  established  by  act  of  Con- 
gress in  1 79 1,  and  still  retains  the  name.  The  first  post- 
office  in  the  region  was  that  of  Passamaquoddy,  kept  at  the 
Narrows  in  1794  ;  and,  when  the  county  of  Washington  was 
organized  in  1790,  John  Cooper,  of  Passamaquoddy,  was 
appointed  sheriff.  In  the  "  United  States  Gazetteer,"  pub- 
lished at  Philadelphia  in   1795,  the  place  is  thus  described  : 

"  Passamaquoddy. —  A  post  town  in  the  district  of  Maine 
situated  in  Washington  County,  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name  at 
the  mouth  of  St.  Croix  River.  It  is  three  hundred  and 
seventy-eight  miles  from  Boston  and  seven  hundred  and 
twenty-six  from  Philadelphia." 

Eastport  was  incorporated  in  1798;  but,  as  its  limits  in- 
cluded the  present  town  of  Lubec,  it  was  still  necessary  to 
use  tlie  name  Moose  Island,  to  distinguish  the  one  from  the 
other.  And,  for  another  reason,  the  name  lingered  after 
the  separation  of  Lubec.  It  will  be  remembered  that,  until 
the  final  decision  of  the  commission  appointed  under  the 
Treaty  of  Ghent,  the  British  authorities  kept  up  the  claim 
that   Moose  Island  was  part  of  their  terrritory.     To  them, 


PREFACE 


the  incorporation  of  the  town  of  liastport  by  the  Massachu- 
setts legislature  in  1798  was  without  effect;  and,  to  people 
generally  on  that  side  of  the  line,  the  place  was  still  Moose 
Island.  In  the  complimentary  correspondence  between  the 
townspeople  and  the  British  commander  at  the  time  of  the 
departure  of  their  troops  in  June,  1818,  it  will  be  noticed 
that,  while  the  former  date  their  letter  from  Eastport,  the 
latter  replies  from  Moose  Island. 

In  carrying  out  his  plans,  the  compiler  has  been  indebted 
to  the  co-operation  of  a  good  many  people,  only  a  few  of 
whom  can  be  mentioned  here :  to  Mrs.  Lorenzo  Sabine,  not 
only  for  permission  to  insert  the  published  articles  of  her 
late  husband,  but  for  placing  at  his  command  the  valuable 
material  collected  and  arranged  when  Mr.  Sabine  himself 
proposed  to  write  a  history  of  the  town ;  and  to  Miss  Lucy 
M.  B.  Abbot,  her  brother  and  sister  of  Grcton,  Mass.,  for 
the  privilege  of  publishing  their  father's  interesting  mission- 
ary journals,  and  for  much  time  and  labor  spent  by  Miss 
Abbot  in  copying  portions  of  his  private  correspondence.  In 
1872,  Mr.  Charles  T.  Eldridge,  one  of  our  young  soldiers, 
presented  to  the  town  a  large  volume,  into  which  he  had 
written  a  record  of  the  services  of  the  men  of  Eastport  in  the 
War  of  the  Rebellion,  which,  with  much  labor  and  research, 
he  had  collected  from  the  reports  of  the  adjutants-general  of 
Maine  and  other  States,  from  printed  reports  of  the  War  and 
Navy  Department,  and  by  an  extensive  private  correspond- 
ence ;  and,  at  the  request  of  the  projectors  of  this  volume, 
lie  has  made  a  nearly  full  copy  of  that  work  in  the  chapter 
which  appears  here.  Captain  Samuel  Shackford,  of  Chi- 
cago, has  furnished  an  interesting  chapter;  and  Messrs.  D. 
Lothrop  ^^'  Co.,  Mrs.  Mason's  publishers,  have  allowed  the 
use  of  the  engraving  which  is  the  frontispiece  of  her  book  of 
poems,  from  which  collection  liberal  extracts  have  been 
made. 


10 


PREFACE 


Special  acknowledgments  are  also  due  to  Peter  E.  V'ose, 
Esq.,  and  Rev.  Charles  Whittier,  of  Dennysville,  to  Mrs. 
U.  T.  Granger,  to  Mr.  C.  15.  Tillinghast,  of  the  Massachu- 
setts State  Library,  and  others  who  have  aided  by  furnishing 
information  or  materials  for  the  work.  The  appearance  of 
Mr.  Shead's  name  on  the  title-page  as  publisher  affords  no 
adequate  idea  of  his  share  in  the  labor  of  carrying  the  book 
to  completion  ;  and,  but  for  his  eflficient  aid  in  the  collec- 
tion of  material,  as  well  as  for  his  successful  arrangements  in 
insuring  the  disposal  of  the  finished  volume,  the  compiler 
would  have  hesitated  about  undertaking  the  enterprise.  The 
facilities  afforded  in  the  fine  printing  and  publishing  estab- 
lishment of  Mr.  George  H.  Ellis,  of  Boston,  for  the  printing 
of  the  work,  are  deserving  of  special  notice. 

The  prompt  response  which  came  from  townspeople,  absent 
sons  and  daughters,  and  others  interested  in  the  history  of 
Eastport  and  the  Passamaquoddy  section,  in  reply  to  the 
preliminary  circular, —  whose  names  appear  in  the  printed 
list  at  the  close  of  the  volume, — showed  a  real  demand  for 
an  historical  work  of  this  character ;  and  it  is  hoped  that 
reasonable  expectations  will  not  be  disappointed  in  what  is 
here  offered  as  the  best  which  the  compiler  has  been  able 
to  prepare  in  the  midst  of  his  somewhat  exacting  business 


engagements. 


w.    H.    K. 


Oct.  I,  1 888. 


LIST   OF    ILLUSTRATIONS. 


Thk  illustrations,  with  the  exceptions  noted  in  the  list,  are  reproduc- 
tions by  the  Hoston  Photogravure  Company,  from  pen-and-ini<  drawings 
by  the  compiler's  son,  Mr.  Ouincy  Kilby,  of  Boston,  i)rincipally  from 
photographs, —  those  in  Eastport,  with  a  single  exception,  from  the  estab- 
lishment of  ^^cssrs.  Davis  Loring  &  Son,  and  several  in  1  )cnnysville  and 
Edmunds  by  Dr.  John  V.  Sheahan. 

PA..E 

Jones's  Map  ur  Passamaquouuv.     Reproduction   from  the  orig- 
inal.    Frontispiece. 
Martin  House,  on  Kii,i;y  Strkkt.    Built  1836.    Drawn  l)y  \V.  A. 

Shea, Si 

Southack's    Mai'   of    Passama(j1'oI)I>v.      Drawn    and   en^ravei! 

by  W.  A.  Shea S9 

Buildings  at  St.  Croix.     Drawn  and  engraved  by  W.  A.  Shea,  123 
Mai',  District  oi'   Maine,  1795.     Reproduction   from   Woods's 

United  States  Gazetteer, 134 

Mai'  oe  Rival  Boundary  Claims.      Printed  by  Forbes    Litho- 
graph Manufacturing  Company 135 

Moose  Island  Pass.     Reproduction  from  original, 195 

.\  PiNKEY, ::i9 

West  Quoddy  Eight.   Siietcli  by  A.  H.  Bibber.   R.  A.  Supply  (  o.,  232 

Masonic  Hall,  1801 2^;^ 

Kili:y  Hcjuse, 24S 

"Sentinel"  Ofeice.    Drawn  by  W.  A.  Shea, 259 

Bell  Tavern, 260 

Frontier  Bank,  1S36.     Drawn  by  W.  A.  Shea 271 

H  ayden  House 276 

SiEAMER  OFF  Friar's  Head.     R.  A.  Supply  Co., 279 

Custom  House, 280 

Maiiee's  Hotel, 2S3 

Savings  ISank, 286 


T 


12 


LIST   OF    ILLUSTRATIONS 


Page 

Passamaquoddy  Hotel, 288 

Frontier  National  Hank 290 

Masonic  Hall 295 

The  Quoddy 299 

House  near  Head  of  Boynton  Street, 301 

BoYNTuN  School 303 

Old  South  School,  etc.     Drawn  by  George  B.  Dyer,     ....  307 

Brooks  School 311 

Moose  Island  Mekting-house 314 

First  Congregational  Meeting-house, 317 

Brewer  House,  Roriunston.    Sketch  by  F.  A.  Buck,    ....  322 

Lincoln  House,  Dennysvii.le, 325 

Dennys  River  School-house, 326 

Weston  House, 330 

Houart  House,  Edmunds.     Drawing.     R.  I,.  M. 333 

KiLiiY  House  and  Dennys  River  Post-okeice, 335 

Church  and  School-house  at  Dennysvjlle, 336 

Easti'ort  Truck, 341 

Washington  Street  Baptist  Church.     Photograph  by  C.  W. 

Lowell, 343 

North  Christian  Church 345 

First  Congregational  (Unitarian)  Church, 347 

Unitarian  Parsonage, 34S 

Central  Congregational  Church, 350 

St.  Joski'Ii's  Church, 352 

Blakey  Memorial  Church, 353 

Christ  Church, 355 

Memorial  Hall,       430 

Battery  and  P>lock-house,  Fort  Sullivan 440 

Commandant's  Quarters,  Fort  Sullivan,      441 

Trescott  Hall, 44^ 

Shacki'ord's   Cove   and   Windmill.      From   painting   by   Mrs. 

Bradish.     R.  A.  .Supply  Co., 448 

String  Farm 453 

CoNV  House,  Broad  Cove.     D.  Lothrop  &  Co., 459 

Friar's  JIead,  Camtohello, 461 

Store  on  Water  Street 4S9 


TABLE  OF  CONTKNTS. 


CHAPTER   I.  ^^'"' 

The   HisTOKv  ok   Easti-ort   an,.  Vicivitv      x   j 

flelivered  before  the  K-,«f,.^  /,  '^'^^'T^-     '^  Lecture 

Jonathan  D.  ^^estoV;:^!^'^^    '"""  '"  ^'"'■''  '''''    ^^ 

17 

CHAITER   11 
TH,:  SToav  OK  r„H  B„u.v,.u,v  ,.,.,,     b,  w.  H.  K„b,,     .      «. 

CHAPTER   111, 

i-^AKiA- Settlers  oi-  Easii'opt      i>    t 

i^AsiioKT.     I>y  Lorenzo  Sabine,     .     .     ,3(3 

CHAPTER  I\- 

Ly  Lorenzo  Sabine,     .     .  '^ '''.  J^"}  '  r,  1814. 

•     •     .     142 

CHAPTER  V. 
MoosK  Islam,  axo  rrs  Dei.fvdfnc  us      r       v 

Martialr.au-.     iU- Lorenzo  Sabh^e         '""'■^-•-"^- 

' '75 

('encral  Court  nf  fi,«  r-  "-tented    the    Town  in  the 

220 


/ 


^ 


14  CONTENTS 

Pagb 

CHAPTER  VII. 

Eauly  Easti'ORT  Schools.  ]>eing  I'art  of  tlie  Address 
delivered  a*  tlie  Dedication  of  the  Boynton  School-liouse, 
May  28,  1.S47.     By  Daniel  T.  GiMnger, 302 

CHAPTER  VIII. 

Eaki.v  1ucij:siasth  al  Histokv  oi-  Easti-ckt.  By  Lo- 
renzo Sabine, 313 

chai'ti:r  i.\. 

.\  Fkontiek  MissioNAHV.  Willi  Extracts  from  the  Journals 
anil  Corresjjondence  of  Rev.  I'.phraini  AM'Ot.  Congrega- 
tional Missionarv  to  the  I'assamaquoddv  To\vnshii)S  in 
iNi  1  and  I  Si  2, 3 '9 

CHAPTER  .\. 

E ASTI'OKT  ChUKCHKS  :  — 

Washington  Street  Baptist  Church 342 

North  Christian  Church, 344. 

I'^irst  Congregational  (Unitarian)  Churdi, 346 

Central  Congregational  Churcli 349 

Konian  Catholic  Church 351 

Methodist  Eiiiscopal  Church. 332 

Protestant  I^piscopal  Church 354 

CHAI'TEK  XI. 

Easti'OKT  IX  TH1-:  War  of  tiii;  RI'Iu.i.lion.     iiy  Charles  T. 

lOldridge, 356 

CHAPTER  Ml. 
CoLONKL  John  Allan 434 

CHAPTllR  .\1II. 
Major  Lkmiicl  Titi:s(  ott 440 


COXTEN'TS 


CH.M'TiiK  .\I\-. 

CA,.-rv.,x    JoHx    SuACKKnu,,    .,su    Famm.v.     IU    Sa.nuel 
Sliackforfl.       .     . 


CHAI'T];R  W 
Mks.  Clara  AKMitK  Masox, 


cii.\|'T]:r  .wi, 

E.A.sri'OKj  Lif.HT  Imamkv 


A  BoKDKK  Raid, 


CHAl'TKK   WII. 


CHAI-TKR   .Will. 
Tin:  l'As.sAMA..r()i)i)v  Tiuiw:  ok  I.ndiaxs, 


Page 


444 


464 


476 


483 


Ai'i'i;xi)ix. 

A.     Ori-inal  Craiitccs  of  Moose  Island 

n.     'fi^l^  Official  Report  of  the  Captulc  of  Kas;,,",-,;     :     '  f^; 

(-■     llie  Hucknam  House  '  '^ 

D-     ;f7-ofthePassa.;aq;odd;Tounship;in,79o;    !     '  40- 

'^«^,,;l^^M^^-->ii-rShead-s  Company  olKa^tpon  ''^ 


Militia  in  i.So,,  -"••^-„„,anyoi    i.astp 

'■■■     List   of   Collec.oi-s  of    Distn.;  of    Pas;ama;p,oddy  and     '"' 
I  ostmastcrs  of  Town  of  Kastpon,  ^  , 

^'.     original  Members  of  ti,e   liastpurt   F.uuu' iWnJuA.^n 
Society, 

Minor  Notes  and  Correction's "^'^"^ 

501 

List  oi-  SunscKiBKus, 

502 


i 


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EASTPORT  AND  PASSAMAOUODDY. 


CHAPTER    I. 


'J' III': 


iriSTORV    OF    KASTPORT    AND    VICIXITY.* 

1!V  JONA  1  MAN    I).  WKSroX.   KSO..  Cot 'N  SK  I.I.OR  AT  I.AW.f 

With  the  view  of  rescuin-  from  oblivion  some  of  the  facts 
and  circumstances  relative  to  and  connected  with  the  early 
history  of  this  town  and  vicinity,  together  with  the  hope  of 
i,^ratifym-r  a  laudable  curiosity  on  the  subject  in  those  who 
liave  been  but  little  acriuainted  with  its  history,  I  havr  been 
i-Hluced  to  collect  such  as  have  come  within  my  own  observa- 
tion, as  well  as  those  I  could  learn  from  others.     Such  is  the 
nature  of  the  subject  tliat  very  little  ai<I  can  be  derived  from 
books  and  written  evidence,  and  resources  are  very  scanty 
Unless,  indeed,  they  are  soon  collected  in  a  more  permanent 
and  tnn-ible  form,  our  early  history  and  the  events  connected 
with  It  will  soon  be  lost  or  known  only  by  tradition.     I  have 
made  careful  mquiries,  and  have  had  recourse  to  all  the  docu- 
mentary evidence  within  my  reach.     Still,  I  am  by  no  means 
certam  of  fixin-  your  attention  or  interesting  vou  in  the  de- 
tails I  am  about  to  .i;ive  ;  for  they  are  little 'susceptible  of 
polish.     Tlie  dry  details  of  dates  and  references,  of  facts  and 
statistics,  pre,  necessarily,  less  attractive  than  a  well-written 
essay,  aboundin-  with  illustration,  or  than  bio-raphy,  history, 

•A  lecture  aelivure,!  Apil,  ,8,4,  before  the  K.istport  I.yeei,,,,. 
'  ^t;-'  W'=«">"  ivpresented  Kastport  in  the  tleneral  Cu.n  of  Massachusetts  i„  ,»,, 
ad  a  .etch  of  h,s  life  w,I!  be  foun.l  i„  .he  chapters  of  the  Political   His,:;  o  '^ 

Eon    ;;;.        "       "'""■  ^^  '"■'"''''"•  '-  '"^'""•"^■'  f-"  -^^  M«»".  ^'^'P-'  &  Lyon, 


^ 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 

W  \ '>',^,p<Jetry,  or  treatises  on  the  sciences,  where  harmony  of  period, 
melody  of  style,  and  the  graces  and  beauties  of  composition 
add  to  the  pleasure  derived  from  the  subject  itself  which  is 
treated. 

Connected  with  this  subject,  it  may  not  be  irrelevant  to 
advert  to  the  history  of  this  section  of  the  country  and  that 
of  its  boundaries,  previous  to  its  actual  settlement ;  and  this 
I  propose  to  do,  as  concisely  as  practicable,  consistently  with 
a  full  and  distinct  understanding  of  the  subject. 

At  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century,  the  northern  coast 
of  the  American  continent  had  become  generally  known  to 
the  nations  of  Europe,  several  parts  having  been  freciuently 
visited  for  the  purposes  of  discovery,  fishing,  and  traffic.  But 
all  knowletlge  of  the  interior  country,  its  geography  and  re- 
sources, was  extremely  limited  ;  and  all  acquaintance  with 
its  shores,  rivers,  bays,  and  inlets,  was  quite  im])erfect. 

In  the  several  voyages  to  this  continent,  we  find  no  account 
of  any  one  who  visited  the  waters  or  shores  of  Maine  earlier 
than  1602,  when  Bartholomew  Gosnokl,  an  English  navigator, 
is  supposed  to  have  fallen  in  with  some  part  of  the  coast  of 
Maine.  ]!ui  in  the  following  year  Martin  Bring  in  the 
"Speedwell,"  a  vessel  of  fifty  tons,  with  a  c/ew  of  thirty  men 
and  boys,  accompanied  by  another  vessel,  the  "  Discoverer," 
of  twenty-six  tons,  with  thirteen  men  and  a  boy,  sailed  from 
Milford  Haven,  and  on  the  7th  of  June  fell  in  with  the 
coast,  in  the  waters  since  called  Benobscot  Bay,  but  by  the 
French  called  "  Bentagoet."  Thence  he  sailed  along  the 
coast  to  Biscataqua ;  thence  farther  southward,  and  for  home 
in  August.  I'ring  also  made  a  second  voyage  in  1606.  The 
subsequent  voyages  of  others  added  still  more  to  the  stock 
of  knowledge  of  the  country,  and  to  the  thirst  of  gain  ex- 
acted to  be  derived  from  it. 

The  iMcnch  as  well  as  the  I'.nglish  were  repeating  llioir 
\isits  to  this  noithern  countrv  everv  \ear.  and  making  it  at 


t 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


'9 


he 
me 

he 
)ck 
e\- 

icir 
at 


home  a  favorite  topic  of  conversation  and  inquiry.  Piirchas, 
an  early  writer,  str.tes  that  one  Savelet,  an  old  mariner,  had, 
before  1609,  made  no  less  than  forty-two  voyages  to  these 
jKuts.  Roth  nations  were  highly  elated  with  ideas  of  exten- 
sive foreign  dominions,  and  the  prospect  of  an  abundant 
commerce  :  but  the  means  and  measures  best  fitted  for  their 
attainment  were  unknown,  as  well  to  the  sage  as  to  the  spec- 
ulator. It  was  a  great  misfortune  to  those  nations,  and  no 
less  to  this  country,  that  they  both  coveted  the  same  terri- 
tories, using  all  practicable  means  to  establish  in  themselves 
severally  the  most  plausible  title  to  their  claims.  Twenty 
years  before,  Humphrey  Gilbert  had  taken  formal  posses- 
sion of  Newfoundland  and  the  region  two  hundred  leagues 
about  it,  in  behalf  of  Queen  Elizabeth  ;  and  the  Marquis  de 
la  Roche  was  commissioned  by  the  King  of  France  to  con- 
ciuer  and  colonize  all  the  regions  bordering  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence, unlimited  in  extent.  The  people  of  both  nations 
were  resolved  in  their  purposes  ;  anrl  with  such  objects  in 
view,  and  with  the  rival  feelings  of  each  toward  the  other, 
it  might  easily  be  foreseen  that  these  counter-possessory 
claims  would  produce  the  severest  excitements,  if  not  actual 
war. 

Ry  a  royal  patent  of  Nov.  S,  1603,  King  Henry  IV.  of 
France  granted  to  Pierre  de  (last,  Sieur  de  xMonts,  all  the 
American  territory  between  the  fortieth  and  forty-sixth  de- 
grees of  north  latitude,  and  appointed  him  Lieutenant-Gen- 
eral  of  this  extensive  region,  with  authority  to  colonize  and 
rule  it  according  to  his  discretion,  and  to  subdue  and  Chris- 
tianize its  native  inhabitants.  The  name  given  in  the  |)atent 
was  "Acadia"  or  "  Acadie."  This  charter,  or  patent,  having 
no  other  boundaries  or  contuies  than  the  degrees  f)f  latitude 
mentioned,  was  found  to  embrace  the  American  coast  be- 
tween the  island  of  Cape  IJreton  and  the  shores  below  the 
mouth  of  Manhattan,  now  the  Hudson  or  North   River.     l)c 


"^ 


1 
k 


20 


EASTPORT    AND    PAS.SAiMA( JUODDV 


Monts,  during  the  winter,  procured  and  equipped  two  ves- 
sels, and  sailed  for  America  March  7,  1604,  and  arrived  the 
6th  of  May  following  at  Cajic  de  la  Heve,  near  Liverpool, 
on  the  southerly  side  of  the  peninsula  of  Nova  Scotia.  He 
was  accompanied  by  his  friends,  M.  de  Potrincourt  and 
Samuel  Champlain,  who  was  his  pilot.  Leaving  La  Heve, 
they  sailed  northerly  round  Cape  Sable  and  eastwardly 
along  the  northern  shore  of  Nova  Scotia,  entered  a  spacious 
basin,  and  anchored  in  a  good  harbor.  Potrincourt  was 
charmed  with  the  beauty  of  the  place,  and  determined  to 
make  it  his  future  residence.  He  obtained  a  grant  of  it 
from  De  Monts,  which  was  afterward  coninmed  by  the 
king,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  Port  Royal,  now  Annapolis; 
and  here  his  party  dwelt  for  several  years. 

In  exploring  the  15ay  of  Fundy,  De  Monts  visited  the 
river  St.  John,  and  gave  it  the  name  it  has  ever  since  borne. 
Thence  he  proceeded  into  the  waters  of  Passamaquoddy,  as- 
cended the  Schoodic  to  a  small  island  which  Champlain 
selected  for  a  resting-place  and  a  fortification,  and  here  they 
passed  the  winter.  As  Passamaquoddy  IJay  and  the  river 
Schoodic  now  ff)rm  a  part  of  the  eastern  boundary  of  this 
Stale,  a  more  particular  account  of  its  first  discovery  and 
situation  may  not  be  uninteresting.  But  as  I  propose  again 
to  recur  to  this  part  of  the  subject,  at  a  subsequent  period  of 
this  address,  1  prefer  to  continue  the  regular  chain  of  the 
narrative  uninterruptedly. 

De  Monts  and  his  men  called  the  bay  "a  sea  of  salt 
water";  but,  in  ascending  the  river,  they  found  it  an  incon- 
siderable one,  admitting  vessels,  even  on  the  tide,  to  no  great 
distance.  The  island  itself,  containing  but  a  few  acres,  they 
called  St.  Croix,  because  two  leagues  higher  there  were 
brooks,  which  came  "crosswise,  to  fall  within  this  large 
branch  of  the  sea,'" — a  circumstance  which  has  given  to  the 
Schoodic  the  same  name.     The  island  is  situated  just  oppo- 


i 
■J 


I 

"i 


WESTON  S    HISTOR\' 


21 


lie 
|)f)- 


site  the  north-east  corner  of  Robbinstoii,  just  below  the 
Devil's  Head.  Its  soil  is  fertile,  and  is  usually  the  residence 
of  one  family.  It  is  often  called  Neutral  Island,  and  was 
the  property  of  the  late  General  ISrewer. 

L'Escarbot,  who  was  himself  with  De  Monts  in  this  voy- 
age, and  afterward  published  a  history  of  it,  says  of  the 
island  :  ''  It  was  half  a  league  in  circuit,  seated  in  the  midst 
of  the  river;  the  ground  most  excellent  and  abundantly 
fruitful ;  strong  by  nature  and  easy  of  defence,  but  difficult 
to  be  found.  For,"  says  he,  "there  are  so  many  isles  and 
great  bays  to  pass  (from  the  St.  John),  before  we  came  to  it, 
I  wonder  how  one  ever  pierced  so  far  to  find  it.  The  woods 
on  the  main  land  are  fair  and  admirably  well  grown,  as  in 
like  manner  is  the  grass.  There  is  right  over  against  the 
island  fresh  water  brooks,  very  pleasant  and  agreeable, 
where  divers  of  M.  de  Monts's  men  transacted  tlieir  business 
and  builded  certain  cabins." 

The  season  being  far  advanced,  De  Monts  concluded  to 
pass  the  winter  upon  the  island.  Apprehending  danger  from 
the  savages,  he  erected  a  fortification  on  the  north  part  of  it, 
which  entirely  commanded  the  river.  The  fort  was  shel- 
tered by  trees,  which  he  directed  not  to  be  felled;  and 
within  its  walls  he  planted  his  cannon,  and  constructed  a 
chapel  after  the  Indian  manner  of  building.  "  Hoary  snow- 
father  being  come  [as  L'Escarbot  expresses  himself],  they 
were  forced  to  keep  much  within  the  doors  of  their  dwell- 
ings during  the  winter.  15ut  as  there  was  not  plenty  of 
wood,  which  had  been  too  prodigally  used  in  building,  and  a 
want  of  fresh  water,  which  was  found  on  the  banks  of  ihe 
river  strongly  enclosed  under  locks  of  ice,  they  were  under 
the  necessity  of  procuring  both  from  the  shores  every  day." 
Some  of  the  savages  were  occasionally  besi")oken ;  and, 
through  fear  of  surprise  or  assault  from  those  who  had  a 
lodgement  at  the  foot  of  the  island  and  appeared  to  be 
jealous,  De  Monts  kept  a  constant  watch  night  and  day. 


f 


^ 


22 


EASTPORT   AND    I'ASSAMACJUODDY 


f> 


The  winter  was  severe,  and  the  sufferings  of  the  people 
from  the  scurvy  very  grievous.  Not  one  wholly  escaped  it, 
and  thirty-six  out  of  seventy  (Ogilly  says  ninety-seven )  act- 
ually died  before  spring.  At  the  usual  seed-time,  they  pre- 
pared a  piece  of  ground  and  sowed  it  with  rye ;  and,  being 
absent  in  the  first  season  of  reaping,  they  gathered  in  the 
second  year  a  growth  of  it,  in  the  narrator's  words,  "  as  fair, 
big,  and  weighty  as  in  France."  This,  being  a  mere  tem- 
porary residence,  could  never  have  assumed  any  considei- 
able  importance,  had  it  not  been  the  first  pretension  of  a 
settlement  in  Acadie.  L'Kscarbot  adds,  "The  people  that 
be  from  St.  John's  River  to  Kennebeki,  wherein  are  the 
rivers  St.  Croix  and  Norombegua,  are  called  Etechemins." 

When  the  survivors  of  the  party  had  sufficiently  recovered 
their  strength,  De  Monts  put  his  provisions  and  arms  on 
board  his  pinnace  ;  and  about  the  middle  of  May,  1605,  he 
and  his  men  embarked  in  search  of  a  more  convenient  sta- 
tion and  a  warmer  climate.  In  ranging  along  the  coast 
westwardly,  they  entered  the  Bay  of  Penobscot,  which,  with 
the  neighboring  country,  some  European  adventurers  had 
previously  understood  by  the  natives  was  called  Norombe- 
gua. At  Kennebec  they  erected  a  cross,  and  took  posses- 
sion in  the  name  of  their  king,  and,  after  visiting  Casco  Bay 
and  Saco  River,  proceeded  to  Cape  Cod.  But,  unsatisfied 
with  the  country  as  a  place  of  settlement,  they  returned  to 
St.  Croix,  and  soon  proceeded  to  Port  Royal.  Here  he  met 
M.  Dupont,  with  an  accession  of  forty  men,  with  fresh  sup- 
plies in  a  ship  from  France ;  and,  removing  the  remainder  of 
his  property  from  the  island  St.  Croix  across  the  bay,  he 
lodged  it  with  his  other  stores  at  the  mouth  of  ihe  river 
emptying  into  the  basin  of  Port  Royal.  At  this  place  he 
constructed  a  fort,  and,  having  made  due  disposition  of  his 
affairs,  sailed  for  France,  leaving  Dupont,  Champlain,  and 
Chauvin  to  explore  the  country  and  complete  the  settlement. 


% 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


23 


to 

UK't 


The  expedition  of  De  Monts  drew  the  attention  of  the 
English  to  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  To  avoid  the  jealousy 
of  the  French,  and  at  the  same  time  to  secare  the  advan- 
tages of  prior  possession  and  continual  claim,  George  Wey- 
mouth was  despatched  on  a  pretended  voyage  of  discovery 
of  a  north-west  passage.  He  sailed  March  31,  1605,  and 
made  the  land  near  Cape  Cod,  and  thence  coasted  east- 
wardly  as  far  as  Penobscot.  He  stopped  at  a  place  called 
by  him  "  Pentecost  Harbor,"  now  George's  Island  Harbor, 
at  the  mouth  of  George's  River.  "  Here,'*  says  the  journal- 
ist, "on  the  twenty  second  of  May,  we  digged  a  garden, 
sowed  pease  and  barley  and  garden  seeds,  which  in  sixteen 
days  grew  up  eight  inches,  although  this  was  but  the  crust 
of  the  ground  and  much  inferior  to  the  mould  we  afterwards 
found  on  the  main."  Weymouth,  by  treachery  and  force, 
seized  and  carried  awav  a  sagamore,  and  three  other  Indians 
of  rank  and  influence,  and  otherwise  ill-treated  the  natives. 
A  forfeiture  of  trade  and  hospitality,  hatred  of  the  English 
name,  revenge,  and  cruelties  were  the  consequences  of  these 
and  much  baser  improprieties,  and  more  than  counterbal- 
ancetl  the  fruits  of  the  voyage  and  possession  taken  of  the 
country.  Such  conduct  was  in  the  highest  degree  impolitic 
and  unjust,  though  it  seemed  not  to  be  much  regarded  or 
reprobated  at  home. 

On  the  loth  of  April,  1606,  about  two  years  and  a  half 
after  the  grant  to  Dc  Monts,  a  charter  was  obtained  from 
King  James  1.  of  England  of  the  vast  extent  of  territory  lying 
between  the  thirty-fourth  and  forty-sixth  degrees  of  north 
latitude,  and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean,  includ- 
ing all  the  islands  within  one  hundred  miles  of  the  coast. 
This  immense  tract  was  divided  into  two  colonics.  The  first, 
granted  to  a  London  company,  extended  north  to  the  forty- 
first  degree  of  latitude,  and  was  called  South  Virginia.  The 
remainder,  granted  to  a  company  of  adventurers  in  the  to.vn 


i! 

f 
I 


24 


EASTl'ORl    AND    PA,SSAMA<,)tODDV 


of  Plymouth,  was  called  North  Virginia,  and  covered  all  but 
one  degree  of  the  previous  French  grant  to  De  Monts. 

Under  this  charter,  the  adventurers  sent  out  colonists  in 
1607.  The  one  from  I'lymouth,  destined  to  the  northern 
shore,  consisted  of  two  ships  and  one  hundred  men,  under 
th(;  command  of  ('aptain  George  Popham,  as  president,  and 
Captain  Rawley  (lilbert,  as  admiral,  sailed  on  the  31st  of 
May,  and  arrived  at  the  island  of  Monhegan  the  iitli  of 
August,  and  then  continued  on  to  the  Kennebec,  where  they 
planted  themselves  upon  an  island  in  the  mouth  of  that 
river.  Thence  they  removed  to  the  mainland,  built  a  com- 
modious house,  barn,  and  a  few  slender  cabins,  erected  a 
fort,  block-house,  etc.,  which  they  named  Fort  George  (after- 
wards called  Popham's  Fortt,  and  forty-five  of  the  colonists 
passed  the  winter  there,  the  two  ships  having  sailed  for 
England  the  5th  of  December.  This  was  subsequently 
denominated  the  Sagadahoc  Colony.  iUit  a  succession  of 
peculiarly  unfavorable  circumstances  terminated  the  exist- 
ence and  hopes  of  this  colony  the  succeeding  year,  and  the 
survivors  returned  to  England. 

M.  Potrincourt,  wishing  to  revive  his  plantation  at  Port 
Royal,  which  had  fallen  into  decay,  procured  the  king's  con- 
tkmation  of  his  grant  upon  condition  of  his  endeavors  to 
convert  the  natives  to  the  Catholic  faith.  In  160S,  he  sailed 
with  his  son  Biencourt  and  several  families, —  intending  to 
become  settlers, —  and  two  Jesuits,  Biard  and  Masse'.  Dur- 
ing the  passage,  a  sharp  controversy  arose  between  him  and 
the  ecclesiastics,  in  which  he  boldly  told  them  "it  was  his 
part  to  rule  them  on  earth,  and  theirs  only  to  guide  him  to 
heaven."  Potrincourt  remained  at  Port  Royal  a  short  time, 
and,  returning  to  France,  left  his  son  in  command.  Disdain- 
ing to  be  under  the  control  of  these  two  priests,  who  as- 
sumed control  of  the  civil  affairs  of  the  plantation,  Biencourt 
tl'.eatened    them    with    corporal    punishment    in    return    for 


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WESroN  S    HtSTORN 


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to 

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for 


their  spiritual  anatiicmas.  f^arly  in  the  sprinj:;,  therefore, 
the  Jesuits  left  him,  and  proceeded  westward  to  an  island  on 
the  coast  of  Maine,  then  called  Mount  Mansel,  but  now 
called  Mount;  Desert.  Here  they  constructed  and  fortified 
a  habitation,  planted  t^ardens,  laid  out  grounds,  and  dwelt 
for  five  years,  entering  with  zeal  and  untiring  perseverance 
upon  the  work  of  converting  the  natives  to  Christianity. 
Their  number  was  subsecjuently  augmented  by  the  arrival 
of  one  Saussaye,  with  twenty-five  colonists,  who  called  the 
place  St.  Sauveur.  ]]ut  they  did  not  long  remain  unmo- 
lested. Disputes  had  already  arisen  between  the  l-'rench 
and  English  respecting  the  bounds  of  their  respective  grants, 
which,  from  want  of  information  relating  to  the  situation  of 
the  country,  ran  with  strange  perplexity  into  one  another. 
The  disposition  of  the  Trench  to  extend  their  settlement  still 
farther  west  was  viewed  with  alarm  bv  the  government  es- 
tablished  in  Virginia;  and  in  1613  Captain  Argal  was  sent 
with  eleven  vessels,  carrying  sixty  soldiers  and  fourteen 
pieces  of  cannon,  to  dislodge  them.  He  seized  upon  the 
fort  at  Mount  Desert,  together  with  a  ship  and  bark  or 
pinnace,  then  in  the  harbor,  broke  in  pieces  the  cross 
erected  by  the  Jesuits,  reared  another  inscribed  with  the 
name  of  his  king,  and  in  this  way  took  formal  possession  of 
the  place.  Gilbert  du  Thet,  one  of  the  Jesuits,  was  killed  by 
a  musket-ball  during  the  attack.  Proceeding  farther  east- 
ward, he  took  one  vessel  at  St.  Croix  Island,  destroyed  what 
remained  of  De  Monts's  settlement,  crossed  the  liay  of 
Fnndy,  and  came  to  anchor  before  Port  Royal.  The  French 
at  the  time  were  mostly  absent  from  the  fort.  Argal,  there- 
fore, lost  no  time ;  and,  in  two  hours  after  he  had  landed  his 
men,  he  reduced  the  entire  settlement  to  ashes.  Having 
accomplished  his  object,  he  carried  the  ship,  pinnace,  ord- 
nance, cattle,  and  provisions,  together  with  part  of  the  pris- 
oners, including  the  Jesuits,  to  \'irginia.     The  French  power 


1 


26 


KASTPOKT   AND    PASSAMAijUODDV 


in  this  quarter  was  thus  interrupted,  and  it  was  a  number  of 
years  before  it  recovered  from  the  disaster.  This  hostile 
expedition  tool;  place  in  a  time  of  profound  peace  between 
the  two  crowns,  and  the  reason  assigned  was  the  encroach- 
ments of  the  French  upon  the  territories  of  the  English. 

On  the  3d  of  November,  1620,  a  new  charter  was  granted 
by  King  James  I.  to  forty  noblemen,  knights,  and  gentlemen, 
collectively  denominated  "The  Council  established  at  Plym- 
outh, in  the  county  of  Devon,  for  planting,  ruling,  and 
governing  New  England  in  America."  'I'his  charter  granted 
in  fee-simple  the  whole  country  situated  between  the  fortieth 
and  forty-eighth  degrees  of  north  latitude  in  breadth  ;  and 
in  length,  by  the  same  breadth,  "  throughout  the  main  land 
from  sea  to  sea,"  —  embracing,  in  fact,  all  the  country  from 
Philadelphia  to  the  IJay  of  Chaleur.  This  charter  expressly 
recognizes  that  of  April  10,  1606,  and  premises  that  this 
country  had  lately  experienced,  under  a  visitation  from  God, 
an  uncommon  desolation  by  a  "destructive  plague,"  and 
"  horrible  slaughters  and  murders  among  the  savages,"  and 
that  none  other  than  English  subjects  had  any  possessions 
within  that  territory.  Nay,  "  many  places  for  leagues,''  it 
was  stated,  "were  without  native  inhabitants  to  challenge 
any  interest  in  the  lands."  Under  this  charter,  which  ex- 
isted upward  of  fourteen  years,  were  all  the  grants  made 
which  originally  divided  the  country  between  the  Hudson 
and  Penobscot  Rivers ;  but  beyond  these  bounds  the  patent 
appears  to  have  had  no  practical  operation. 

Sir  F.  Gorges,  one  of  the  most  prominent  men  in  the 
Council,  foresaw  that  the  French  settled  at  (Quebec,  Port 
Royal,  Mount  Desert,  etc.,  though  expelled  by  Argal  eight 
years  before,  intended  to  become  exclusive  possessors  of 
the  country,  and  that  eflficient  means  ought  to  be  promptly 
adopted  to  thwart  their  design.  A  difficulty,  however,  arose 
from   a  deficiency  in   the  charter  itself ;    for,  though   it  ex- 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


27 


the 
*ort 
ight 

of 
ptly 
rose 

ex- 


tended two  degrees  farther  north  than  the  former  one,  it 
only  embraced  the  Bay  of  Chaleur,  and  fell  short,  at  least  a 
decree,  of  the  southerly  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  To  obvi- 
ate  this  perplexity,  a  conveyance  was  made  by  the  Council 
of  riymouth  of  a  large  portion  of  their  north-eastern  terri- 
tory to  Sir  William  Alexander,  who  was  Secretary  of  State 
from  Scotland,  and  afterward  created  Ivirl  Sterling  and 
Viscount  of  Canada,  which  was  forthwith  confirmed  and 
enlarged  by  a  patent  from  King  James  I.  of  England,  dated 
Sept.  10,  1821. 

This  patent  to  Sir  William  Alexander  and  his  heirs  em 
braced  all  the  lands  of  the  continent  and  islands,  reckoning 
from  Cape  Sable  in  about  forty-three  degrees  north  latitude, 
along  the  seashore  to  St.  Mary's  Bay ;  thence  to  tiie  north 
in  a  straight  line  to  the  entrance  or  mouth  of  the  great  bay 
between  the  countries  of  the  Souriquois  and  of  the  Kteche- 
niins,  as  far  as  the  river  of  St.  Croix,  "  and  to  the  farthest 
source  or  spring,  which  first  comes  from  the  west ;  from 
thence  by  a  straight  imaginary  line  crossing  the  lands  or 
running  towards  the  north,  as  far  as  the  first  bay,  river,  or 
spring  which  runs  into  the  great  river  of  Canada  " ;  thence 
eastward  by  the  shores  of  the  river  to  the  sea  ;  and  so  on 
round  the  peninsula  to  Cape  Sable,  and  including  the  islands 
within  six  leagues  of  the  coast.  This  tract  was  called  Nova 
Scotia,  or  New  Scotland.  It  was  granted  to  Sir  William 
and  his  heirs  in  fee-simple,  and  without  any  condition  v.'hat- 
ever.  Under  this  charter.  Sir  William  sent  out  several 
vessels,  rather  to  make  discoveries  than  to  colonize,  till 
1624,  when  he  transported  thither  some  Scottish  settlers, 
and,  "  after  subduing  the  French  inhabitants  or  removing 
them  to  Virginia,  planted  a  colony  there  himself,  and  held 
possession  ten  years,  before  it  returned  to  the  French"  by 
the  treaty  of  St.  Germain,  May  29,  1632. 

New  England   being  now  brought  into  notice  by  the  re- 


'1 


/  f 


i  .; 


28 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMA(  )UODDV 


spectability  of  the  persons  who  had  enga<i;ed  in  its  cause,  and 
especially  by  the  profits  derived  from  the  tlsh  and  fur  trade, 
the  intercourse  was  yearly  increasing.  Prince,  in  his  "An- 
nals,"' states  that  in  1621  ten  or  twelve  ships  from  the  west 
of  England  procured  full  cargoes  of  fish  and  fur.  In  1622 
tifirty-five  ships,  in  1623  forty  ships,  and  in  1624  fifty 
ships  were  engaged  in  the  same  trade. 

King  James  died  in  1624:  and  his  successor.  Charles  I., 
married  a  French  Catholic  princess.  By  the  marriage  treaty, 
it  was  stipulated  to  recede  or  resign  the  jurisdiction  of 
Aca-^lia  to  France.  This  treaty,  in  view  of  all  I-",nglishmen 
interested,  cast  a  deep  shade  on  American  affairs,  and 
brought  into  collision  the  rights  of  the  patentees  and  engage- 
ments of  the  crown. 

After  much  exertion.  Sir  William  in  1625  obtained  a  con- 
firmation of  his  grant,  described  and  sanctioned  w!'h  much 
particularity :  but  it  availed  him  very  little.  His  efforts  for 
settling  the  country  were  feeble  and  ineflicient,  and  his 
colonists  returned  home.  Though  not  yet  in  possession, 
the  French  king  in  1627  made  a  grant  to  (Maude  Saint- 
Ktienne  de  la  Tour  of  lands  five  leagues  on  each  side  of  the 
river  St,  John  and  two  leagues  back  from  the  shore.  It 
is  said  he  also  obtained  from  Charles  a  confirmation  of  the 
grant  of  Sir  William  to  himself,  and  from  Louis,  the  French 
king,  a  commission  dated  F'eb.  11,  163 1,  to  be  governor  of 
Acadia. 

|]y  the  third  article  of  t'le  treaty  of  St.  Germain,  Charles 
resigned  to  the  French  monarch  "all  the  jilaces  occupied  by 
British  subjects  in  New  Franco,  Acadia,  and  (."anada."'  To 
this  transaction  may  be  traced  events  most  important  to  the 
northern  colonies,  and  especially  to  Maine.  Chalmers  sup- 
poses that  the  cause  of  the  disputes  between  the  colonies  and 
the  mother  country  may  be  traced  to  this  transaction.  The 
article  was  artfullv  drafted.     No  boundaries  were  mentioned, 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


O 

he 

ul 
|ie 

k 


and  the  avenues  were  opened  for  ihose  unlimited  contro- 
versies about  lines  and  limits  which  are  among  the  worst  of 
national  evils. 

Desirous  to  advance  the  settlement  of  his  Acadian  colony, 
the  French  monarch  made  several  frrants.  One  of  the  first, 
in  1633,  was  to  M.  de  Razilla,  a  military  officer  who  had 
been  appointed  to  take  the  possession  and  command  of  the 
countrv  which  endjraced  the  river  and  bav  of  St.  Croix,  and 
the  islands  in  the  vicinity. —  "twelve  leaL:;ues  on  the  sea  and 
twenty  lcaj;ues  into  the  land."  Its  eastern  b(nnidary  ]irob- 
ably  adjoined  the  western  line  of  the  patent  made  before  to 
La  Tour  on  the  St.  John's.  The  new  grant  was  extensive, 
yet  it  is  not  ascertained  whether  it  did  or  did  not  extend 
southward  of  the  river  .St.  C'roix.  Certain  it  is  that  every 
other  was  northward  of  it,  except  the  dormant  one  to  I  )e 
Mon^s. 

The  patents  of  the  I'lymouth  Council  end)rav.ed  the  whole 
seaboard  from  Piscataqua  to  Penobscot;  but  they  still  held 
by  their  charter  the  territory  between  the  Penobscot  and  St. 
Croix,  unassigned  and  unsold. 

The  new  Plymouth  colonists,  undismayed  by  a  piratical 
attack  by  the  French  in  June,  i63_',  on  their  trading-house 
at  Penobscot,  which  was  plundered  (jf  its  contents  to  the 
amount  of  ^^"500,  kept  their  station,  and  pursued  their  trafiic 
for  three  years  longer  before  they  were  forced  entirely  to 
abandon  the  place.  Ik^sides,  the  next  spiing  the\-  estab- 
lished at  Machias  a  new  trading  house,  which  they  replen- 
ished with  a  variety  of  valuable  commodities,  and  put  it 
under  a  guard  of  five  or  six  men,  trustwortliy  and  well 
armed.  It  was  an  eligible  station  above  Cross  Isl.md  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  river,  the  remains  of  an  ancient  fori 
being  still  visible  there.  They  might  have  been  encouraged 
and  supported  by  the  Plymouth  Couiuil  in  a  full  determina 
tion  to  keep  possession  of  the  countr)-. 


/ 


•'    f 


30 


EA^TPOKT   AND    PASSAM A(jUODDV 


||.' 


I 

I' 
I 


The  faults  of  La  Tour,  governor  of  Acadia,  were  avarice, 
pride,  and  passion  ;  and  such  high  resentments  did  he  affect 
to  feel  when  lie  heard  of  the  trading-house  set  up  at  Ma- 
ciiias  that  he  hastened  away  to  lay  it  in  ruins.  Meeting 
with  resistance,  he  killed  two  of  the  defenders  :  and,  after 
rilling  the  house  of  all  the  articles  of  value  he  could  find,  he 
carried  his  booty  and  the  survivors  to  Port  Royal.  The 
amount  of  property  pillaged  was  /"400  or  ;^5oo.  After- 
ward, in  reply  to  Mr.  Allerton,  of  New  Plymouth,  who 
came  to  recover  the  prisoners  and  goods,  and  to  inciuire  if 
he  had  authority  for  this  transaction,  La  Tour  insolently 
and  insultingly  replied  :  "  I  have  taken  them  as  lawful  prize. 
My  authority  is  from  the  King  of  France,  who  claims  the 
coast  from  Cape  Sable  to  Cape  Cod.  1  wish  the  English  to 
understand,  if  they  trade  to  the  eastward  of  Pemacpiid,  I 
shall  seize  them.  My  sword  is  all  the  commission  I  shall 
show.  When  1  want  help,  I  will  produce  my  authorit}-. 
Take  your  men,  and  be  gone."  Ten  years  after  this  transac- 
tion. La  Tour,  who  was  in  Poston  seeking  assistance  against 
D'Aulnay,  was  called  to  account  for  the  part  he  took  in  this 
business  before  the  governor  and  assistants.  His  explana- 
tion to  the  governor,  and  offer  to  Mr.  Vines,  the  principal 
sufferer,  to  abide  the  judgment  of  referees,  seems  to  have 
been  satisfactory. 

The  present  was  a  trying  period  to  the  affairs  of  the 
Plymouth  Council.  'I'he  merchants  believed  that  it  pos- 
sessed a  monopoly  of  trade;  the  majority  of  the  C'ommons 
considered  the  Council  under  royal  intluence,  and  devoted 
to  the  claims  of  prerogative  :  High  Churchmen  looked  on 
them  as  opposed  to  prelacy,  and  opening  an  asylum  to 
Puritans;  while  the  king  himself  suspected  the  New  England 
colonists  were  enjoying  liberties  and  privileges  wholly  incon- 
sistent with  his  notions  of  regal  power.  Sir  F.  Corges 
strenuously  defended   the  "  corporation  and  measures  ""  be- 


I 


WES  IONS    HISTORY 


31 


isac- 
:ainst 
this 
ana- 
:ip;xl 
lave 


llie 

)OS- 

iinns 
oted 
rl  on 
n  to 
and 
icon- 


'i. 


•  be- 


fore the  House  of  Commons,  but  in  vain.  When  decisi-jns 
are  only  sanctions  of  decrees  predetermined,  all  arguments, 
principles,  and  rights  are  nullities.  A  dissolution  of  the 
Plymouth  Council  must  be  its  fate,  and  the  members  made 
preparations  for  it.  Hence  they  concluded  to  divide  the 
whole  patent  into  twelve  royal  provinces,  and  to  draw  lots 
]'"eb.  3,  1635.  in  presence  of  the  king,  for  each  of  the  grand 
<livisions.  The  first  province,  or  division,  embraced  the  coun- 
try between  St.  C>oi\  and  I'emaquid,  and  extended  north  to 
the  forty-eighth  degree  of  north  latitude.  It  was  called  the 
county  of  Canada,  and  was  assigned  to  Sir  \Villiam  Alexan- 
der, l-'arl  of  Sterling,  who  died  in  1640.  His  descendants 
have,  within  a  few  years  (say  four  or  five),  laid  claim  to 
Nova  Scotia  under  the  ancient  patent  of  King  James  to  their 
ancestor.  Major-General  Lord  Sterling,  a  distinguished 
officer  in  the  American  army  during  the  Revolutionary  War, 
was  a  descendant  of  Sir  William  Alexander,  the  grantee  of 
Nova  Scotia.  'J'he  other  divisions  were  in  like  manner  as- 
signed to  others.  The  last  meeting  of  the  Plvmouih  Coun- 
cil  was  held  April  25.  1635,  previous  to  which  a  tlecree  was 
entered  against  the  charter,  though  never  carried  into  exe- 
cution. 'J'hey  entered  in  their  books  the  reasons  of  their 
proceedings,  and,  having  held  the  charier  alxnil  fifteen  years, 
resigned  it  into  the  hands  of  the  king,  first  reserving  .ill 
grants  and  all  vested  rights.  At  tiiis  time,  the  whole  nuni- 
bcv  of  white  jieople  in  Maine  from  l'iscata(iua  to  Penobscot 
is  estimated  at  about  fifteen  hundred. 

An  almost  constant  state  of  petty  warfare  existed  between 
the  French  and  English,  and  repealed  inroads  and  reprisals 
were  made  by  each  upon  the  other.  riic  French  claimed 
and  occupied  the  coast  and  territory,  and  controlled  the 
tribes  of  Indians  situated  about  and  between  the  St.  John 
and  Penobscot.  Put  it  is  certain  tliat  the  l'"rench  at  no 
time  had  any  territorial  possession  westward  of  the  Penob- 


IP 


/ 


EASTPORI-   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


scot,  which  was  the  divisional  boundary,  in  fact,  for  many 
years  between  the  French  and  Enfrlish.  Hutchinson  savs 
the  French  continued  in  possession  of  Penobscot  till  1C64. 

About  this  time,  also,  the  rivalry  of  the  French  officers,  La 
Tour,  son  of  the  La  Tour  above  mentioned,  whose  command 
extended  from  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  I-'undy  to  the  St. 
Croix,  and  D'Aulnay,  stationed  at  Major  Bagr.yduce,  now 
Castine,  and  claiming  a  paramount  command  and  govern- 
ment from  thence  to  Cape  Sable  and  the  intermediate  coun 
try,  produced  disastrous  consequences,  and  ended  in  a  pred- 
atory and  exterminating  warfare,  rendered  more  fierce  and 
bitter  by  religious  zeal  and  bigotry  (D'Aulnay  being  a  Catho- 
lic, and  La  Tour  a  Protestant),  which  lasted  for  twelve  years. 
I'',ach  party  in  turn  made  application  tf>  Massachusetts  for 
assistance,  who,  tliough  she  declined  openly  to  interfere, 
secretly  aided  each,  fomenting  rather  than  allaying  the  dis- 
putes between  tlicni.  One  circumstance  1  may  mention.  In 
1645,  D'Aulnay  attacked  St.  John  in  the  absence  of  La 
Tour  ;  but  his  wife  made  an  heroic  defence,  killed  twenty  and 
wounded  thirteen  of  the  assailants.  'Fwo  years  afterward 
he  again  invested  it.  Twelve  of  his  men  were  killed  in  the 
assault,  and  several  wounded ;  but  he  finally  succeeded, 
made  La  Tour's  wife  a  prisoner,  and,  it  is  said,  put  all 
the  others,  both  l-'reiich  and  Fnglish,  to  the  sword.  The 
amount  of  jilunder  which  he  carried  away  is  estimated  at 
upward  of    /,' 10,000. 

In  1654,  thougli  it  was  a  lime  of  profound  peace  between 
l-'.ngland  and  France,  the  Protector  Cromwell,  who  had  sent 
out  several  ships  against  the  Dutch  at  Manhadoes,  or  New 
York,  secretly  gave  orders  to  the  captains,  after  reducing  the 
Dutch,  lo  turn  their  arms  against  Nova  Scotiii,  and  make  a 
conquest  of  it.  This  was  easily  accomplished;  and  the  whole 
coiuitry  from  Penobscot  eastward,  including  No\a  Scotia, 
fell  into  the  iiands  of  tlu'  Fnglisii.     This  act  of  aggression 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


33 


many 

n  says 
664. 
:irs,  La 
nniaiKl 
he    St. 
e,  now 
Tovern- 
;  coun- 
a  pred- 
ce  and 
Catho- 
2  vears. 
etts  for 
iterfere, 
Lhe  dis- 
pn.     In 
of    La 
ty  and 
crward 
in   tlie 
ceeded. 
nil    all 
The 
led   at 

elween 
ad  senl 
)r  New 
:ing  lhe 
nakc  a 
e  whole 
Scotia, 
Iression 


■Si 

■TJW 


was  complained  of  by  the  French,  but  Cromwell  refused  to 
restore  it.  claiming  it  under  an  older  and  paramount  title  ; 
and  the  next  season  the  whole  Acadian  province  was  con- 
firmed to  the  Knglish,  who  held  it  thirteen  years,  when  it  was 
surrendered  to  the  J''rench  under  the  treaty  of  Hreda.  July 
31,  1667.  Cromwell  appointed  Sir  William  Temple  gov- 
ernor, and  two  years  after  (1656)  gave  to  him,  one  Crown, 
and  La  Tour  a  joint  grant  of  the  territory  of  Acadia,  and 
that  part  of  the  country  called  Nova  Scotia  from  Merliquash 
(now  Lunenburg)  to  Penobscot,  the  river  St.  George,  and 
the  Muscingus,  situated  on  the  confines  of  New  England. 

Soon  after  the  Restoration,  King  Charles  II.,  by  charter 
dated  the  12th  of  ALarch,  1664,  granted  to  his  brother  James, 
Duke  oi  York,  certain  claims  upon  the  Hudson  River,  and 
finding  no  royal  patent  extant  which  covered  the  territory 
between  St.  Croix  and  Pemaquid,  except  those  made  when 
the  New  England  grand  patent  was  dissolved  and  the 
twelve  provinces  projected  and  assigned  in  1635,  included 
this  region  also  in  the  charter,  it  being  the  first  of  those 
twelve  provinces,  and  having  been  assigned  to  Sir  William 
Alexander,  and  described  to  be  "all  that  part  of  the  main 
land  in  New  England  beginning  al  a  place  known  by  the 
name  of  St.  Croix,  next  adjoining  to  New  England  ;  ihencc 
extending  along  the  sea-coast  to  a  place  called  Pemaquid, 
and  up  the  river  thereof  to  its  farthest  head,"  and  h\-  other 
boundaries  to  the  river  of  Canada  northward.  This,  besides 
being  called  **  the  Duke  of  York's  territorv,'' has  also  been 
called  "the  territory  of  Sagadahoc,"'  "New  Castle,"  and 
the  "Criunly  of  Cornwall."'  No  other  grants  in  Maine  or 
Nova  Scotia  appear  to  have  l)een  made;  and  at  the  ireaiy  of 
llreda,  three  years  afterward,  all  .Vcadia,  without  specifica- 
tion as  to  boundaries,  but  including  by  name  "St.  John, 
Port  Royal,  Lattevo,  Cape  Sable,  and  Pentagoet,"  or  Penob- 
scot, as  being  joarts  of  the  jjrovince,  was  resigned   into  the 


T^ 


■'m 


34 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAC JUODDV 


possession  of  the  French,  who  built  stockaded  forts  at  Port 
Royal,  St.  John,  and  Penobscot.  A  profitable  trade  was 
pursued  in  furs,  peltry,  and  fish  ;  but  in  other  respects  the 
country  for  several  years  was  treated  with  great  inattention, 
Canada  aftording  the  principal  attraction  to  the  French 
enterprise.  Meanwhile,  the  whole  coast  between  Penobscot 
and  St.  Croix  remained  untouched  by  the  arts  of  culture  and 
improvement,  and  almost  without  inhabitants,  save  the  abo- 
rigines. At  this  time,  the  white  population  of  Nova  Scotia  is 
stated  at  nine  hundred  only.  M.  du  IJourg  was  ai^poinled 
governor  of  Acadia,  and  a  friendly  intercourse  and  trade 
subsisted  between  him  and  the  people  of  New  England. 
P)Ut  the  Dutch  in  1674  seized  upon  the  fort  at  Penobscot, 
which  they  soon  after  abandoned,  and  again  in  1676,  whence 
they  were  expelled  by  a  force  sent  from  Boston. 

Charles  II.  died  Feb.  16,  1685.  and  was  succeeded  by  his 
brother,  the  Duke  of  \'ork,  now  James  II.  He  appointed 
two  commissioners  to  manage  his  ducal  province  in  Maine, 
John  Palmer  and  John  West,  who  were  directed  ''to  lay 
claim  to  the  country  as  far  eastward  as  the  river  St.  Croix," 
the  limit  of  the  patent,  and  to  exercise  over  it  the  preroga- 
tives of  government,  to  the  extent  of  his  power  and  right. 
Under  these  instructions,  they  seized  a  cargo  of  wines  at 
Penobscot,  landed  there  under  the  belief  the  place  was 
within  the  French  territory;  but  the  wine  was  ultimately 
restored,  and  the  difl^iculty  healed. 

King  James  II.,  after  a  short  reign  of  three  years,  having 
been  driven  from  the  throne  in  1688  and  gone  over  to 
!•' ranee,  a  war  ensued  between  the  two  countries.  As  soon 
as  this  was  known  at  Boston,  preparations  were  immediately 
made  to  regain  Nova  .Scotia  and  reduce  (Quebec.  Farly  in 
the  spring  of  1690,  an  expedition  of  seven  sail,  under  the 
command  of  Sir  William  Phips  (who  was  a  native  of  Wool- 
wich   in    this  Stale,   one   of    the    youngest    of   his    mother's 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


:>5 


t  Port 
e   was 
:ts  the 
sntion, 
French 
lobscot 
re  and 
le  abo- 
cotia  is 
pointed 
1   trade 
n  gland, 
lobscot, 
wlience 

I  by  his 

pointed 

Maine, 

'  to  lay 

Croix," 

prcro<^a- 

1  right. 

incs   at 

ce    was 

iniately 

having 
)ver  to 
ls  soon 
^(liately 

arly  in 
der  the 
Wool- 
liolher's 


^» 


twenty-six  children,  twenty-one  being  sons),  sailed  from 
Uoston.  He  proceeded  first  to  Port  Royal,  which  sur- 
rendered at  discretion ;  then  visited  the  other  French  set- 
tlements, and  took  formal  possession  of  the  whole  country 
and  coast,  including  the  islands  as  far  as  Penobscot. 

The  whole  country  exce[)t  (Quebec  being  now  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  I'lnglish,  the  important  instrument  denomi- 
nated the  charter  of  William  and  Mary,  or  the  provincial 
charter,  passed  the  seals  Oct.  7,  1691,  and  received  the 
royal  sanction.  This  constituted  for  eighty-nine  years  the 
foundation  and  ordinance  of  civil  government  for  the  United 
Territories  of  Massachusetts,  Plymouth,  Maine,  and  Sagada- 
hoc, collectively  called  the  Province  of  Massachusetts  Pay, 
being  superseded  by  the  adoption  of  the  Massachusetts 
Cotislitution  in  17S0.  The  charter  specially  included  the 
country  from  Pemaquid  to  the  St.  Croix,  Schoodic,  or  Nova 
Scotia,  the  ducal  province  of  James  1 1,  having  now  re- 
verted to  the  crown  on  his  abdication.  Nova  Scotia  also,  or 
Acadia,  though  resigned  to  the  French  by  the  treaty  of 
Breda  in  1667,  had  been  recently  captured  by  Phips,  and 
was  included  in  the  same  charter,  but  in  a  few  years  was  con- 
ceded by  Massachusetts  to  the  entire  and  exclusive  dominion 
of  the  Englisli  crown. 

ft  was  stipulated  by  the  seventh  article  of  the  treaty  of 
Ryswick,  of  Sept.  11,  1697,  "that  mutual  restitution  should 
be  made  of  all  the  countries,  colonies,  and  forts  taken  by 
either  party  during  the  war,"  by  virtue  of  which  Acadia,  or 
Nova  Scotia,  unfortunatelv  without  anv  definite  boundaries, 
once  more  returned  to  the  undisputed  possession  of  the 
French.  Nothing  effectual  was  done  toward  determining 
the  western  limits  of  the  province,  only  that  in  this,  as  in  the 
treaty  of  Breda,  provision  was  merely  made  for  the  appoint- 
ment of  commissioners  to  settle  that  (piestion  which  was 
again    revived,     France    by    treaty    and     Massachusetts    by 


36 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


charter  strenuously  claiming  the  country  from  St.  Croix  to 
Penobscot  or  Kennebec. 

On  the  15th  of  July,  1710,  a  fleet  from  England,  intended 
for  the  reduction  of  Nova  Scotia,  arrived  at  Boston,  and, 
being  there  joined  by  the  colony  forces,  sailed  for  Port 
Royal,  which  capitulated  October  2,  and  the  name  changed 
to  Annapolis  Royal.  The  submission  of  the  rest  of  the 
province  soon  followed.  This  was  succeeded  by  the  treaty 
of  Utrecht,  March  13,  17 13,  by  which  France  resigned  all 
Nova  Scotia,  or  Acadia,  with  its  ancient  boundaries  to  the 
crown  of  Great  Britain  ;  and  it  has  ever  since  remained  a 
British  province.  The  conciuest  and  cession  of  Nova  Scotia 
was  an  event  highly  important  tr  Maine.  It  put  to  rest  the 
long  agitated  question  about  boundaries,  the  charter  of 
William  and  Mary  being  sufficiently  definite  respecting  the 
division  lines  between  territories  of  the  same  crown.  The 
country  became  less  exposed  to  the  depredations  of  the 
Indians  and  others,  inasmuch  as  a  contiguous  province  could 
no  longer  afford  them  a  hiding-place. 

To  this  period  it  will  readily  be  perceived  that  the  his- 
tory of  the  Sagadahoc  province  has  been  so  intimately 
blended  with  that  of  Nova  Scotia  'hat  a  narrative  of 
events  and  affairs  in  one  could  not  be  understood  without 
tracing  the  chain  of  occurrences  in  the  other. 

The  principal  cause  of  the  dispute  relative  to  the  territory 
west  of  St.  Croix  was  in  considering  Acadia  and  Nova 
Scotia  as  distinct  countries,  while,  in  fact,  they  were  the 
same.  Had  the  cessions  and  recessions  from  one  to  the 
other  by  the  I-'rench  and  I-'.nglish  been  confined  to  Nova 
Scotia,  instead  of  Acadi\  (which  name  was  generally  used), 
the  difficulty  would  have  been  obviated.  But  the  French 
artfully  used  the  name  Acadia,  which  had  never  any  other 
southern  boundary  or  limits  than  the  fortieth  degree  of  lati- 
tude, mentioned  in  King  Henry's  charter  to  De  Monts  in 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


37 


^rritory 

Nova 

Ire   the 

|to  the 
Nova 

I  used). 

I'^rench 
other 

[f  lati- 

Ints  in 


•  il 


1603  ;  whereas,  the  southern  extent  of  Nova  Scotia  was  well 
understood  to  be  limited  and  bounded  by  the  river  St.  Jroix, 
as  described  in  the  charter  of  King  James  to  Sir  William 
Alexander  in  1621.  This  "debatable  ground"  was  mostly 
in  possession  of  the  French  till  17 13,  and  was  noted  for  its 
fur-trade  and  fishery.  In  the  Collections  of  the  Massachu- 
setts Historical  Society  there  is  an  account  of  the  inhabitants 
scattered  along  the  coast  in  168S,  as  follows:  "At  Penob- 
scot, Baron  Castine,  his  family,  and  Ranne,  his  servant ;  at 
Edgemoragan  Reach,  Charles  St.  Robin,  his  son  and  daugh- 
ter, and  La  Flour  and  his  wife ;  at  Mount  Desert,  Lowry, 
wife  and  child,  Hinds,  wife  and  four  children,  Cadilac  and 
wife  ;  at  Machias,  Martel,  John  Bretoon,  wife,  and  a  child 
of  Jersey,  Lattre,  wife  and  three  children ;  at  Passama- 
quoddy  and  St.  Croix,  St.  Robin,  wife  and  son,  Lettrell, 
John  Minns,  wife  and  four  children,  Lambert,  Jolly  Cive, 
his  servant,  Zorza,  and  Lena,  his  servant, —  perhaps  forty- 
five  souls."  In  1660,  the  white  inhabitants  of  Maine  were 
estimated  at  five  thousand  ;  and  fifteen  years  afterward,  at 
from  five  to  six  thousand,  and  the  effective  strength  of  the 
militia  at  one  thousand.  Sylvanus  Davis,  in  a  statement 
made  to  the  Massachusetts  assistant,  says,  "There  were  as 
many  as  one  luindred  and  fifty-six  families  east  of  Sagada- 
hoc in  1675,  and  between  that  river  and  St.  George's  River 
near  one  hundred  fishing  vessels  owned  by  the  people 
there." 

This  countiy,  when  first  discovered  by  Europeans,  was  full 
of  inhabitants,  the  "  Lenni  Lenape,"  or  "original  people," 
of  whom  about  thirty  distinct  tribes  have  been  enumerated 
in  New  England  and  Nova  Scotia.  In  Maine  there  were 
two  great  divisions,  the  Abenaquis  and  Etechemins.  The 
latter  inhabited  the  country  between  the  rivers  Penobscot 
and  St.  John,  both  inclusive,  and  were  divided  into  three 
tribes, —  the  Tarratines  at   Penobscot,  the  Openangos  upon 


V.  'l 


38 


EASTPORT   AND    I'ASSAMAQUODDY 


the  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  and  the  Marechites,  or  ATmouchi- 
quois,  on  the  St.  John.  The  Tarratines  were  a  numerous, 
powerful,  and  waVlike  people,  and  Hubbard  and  Prince  say 
kept  the  western  Indians  in  perpetual  fear.  One  instance 
is  given  of  an  excursion  made  by  them  as  far  as  Dorchester, 
near  Poston,  where  they  killed  five  men.  They  were  early 
acquainted  with  the  use  of  fire-arms,  which  were  furnished 
them  by  the  French  ;  and  they  were  instructed  by  them  in 
their  use.  The  Marechites,  or  Amiuuchiquois,  inhabited 
the  St.  John  River,  called  by  them  "  Ougondy."  They  were 
also  numerous,  and,  according  to  Purchas,  valiant  and  in- 
genious. He  says  they  attained  some  eminence  in  "paint- 
ing, carving,  and  drawing  pictures  of  men,  beasts,  and  birds, 
both  in  wood  and  stone.''  Their  present  range  is  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river  to  the  Madawaska,  and  even  above.  The 
Openangos,  which  means  the  same  as  little  sable,  "very  cun- 
ning," more  commonly  called  the  Quoddy  tribe,  were  settled 
about  the  waters  of  the  Passamaquoddy  Bay  and  the  river 
Schoodic.  It  is  said  that  they  were  anciently  numerous,  but 
jirobably  a  younger  tribe  than  those  of  Penobscot  or  St. 
John.  The  Indian  tradition  is  that  an  Indian  of  St.  John 
married  a  Tarratine  wife,  settled  at  Passamaquoddy,  and 
became  a  tribe.  It  is  certain  that  they  have  lived  on  the 
most  friendly  terms  with  both  the  others,  and  always  acted 
in  concert  with  them.  Their  village  is  at  Pleasant  Point 
in  the  town  of  Perry,  where  there  are  about  thirty  wigwams, 
three  or  four  frame-houses,  a  school-house,  and  chapel. 
They  are  poor,  ignorant,  indolent,  and  superstitious,  at- 
tached to  ancient  customs  and  to  Catholic  rites  and  forms. 
No  motives,  no  persuasives,  can  rouse  them  from  their  de- 
basing inactivity.  They  have  learned  nothing  from  their 
intercourse  with  the  white  people  but  their  vices.  Neither 
the  emoluments  of  industry,  the  ])leasures  of  education,  nor 
the  wants  of  life  have  power  to  kindle  in  them  the  desire  of 


! 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


|us,  al- 
forms. 
:ir  de- 
thcir 
[either 
)n,  nor 
Isire  of 


39 


m 


I 
,1 


becoming  a  civilized  people.  They  are  indigent  and  de- 
pressed. Little  remains  to  them  but  their  barbarian  free- 
dom, and  they  are  fast  sinking  into  that  state  which  will 
sliortly  end  in  their  entire  extinction. 

The  P^techemins,  in  their  general  dispositions,  appear  to 
have  been  more  favorable  to  the  whites  than  the  western 
Indians.  Less  disturbed  than  they  in  the  enjoyment  of  their 
possessions,  and  more  discreet,  they  were  always  reluctant 
to  engage  in  hostilities  with  the  Lnglish,  and  have  never 
been  so  much  wasted  by  war  and  disease,  though  they  have 
not  altogether  escaped.  In  1615,  their  fighting  men  were 
estimated  at  6,000,  the  Tarratines  at  2,400,  the  Openangos 
at  1,400,  and  the  Marechites  at  2,200.  Persons  well  ac- 
quainted with  them  in  former  years  affirm  that  in  1756  they 
could  turn  out  1,500  fighting  men.  Their  population  in 
1820  was  only  1,235;  ^^^^  Tarratines,  390;  Openangos,  379  ; 
and  Marechites,  466. 

The  Indians  are  generally  in  their  persons  well  made, 
with  acute  senses  and  quick  perceptions,  grave  and  taciturn, 
hospitable  and  generous,  grateful  for  favors,  but  never  for- 
getting an  injury,  revengeful  and  cruel,  strongly  attached  to 
their  families  and  tribes,  rude  in  their  dress  (which  formerly 
consisted  of  skins),  excessively  fond  of  ornament  and  briglit 
and  gaudy  colors.  With  few  inducements  to  industry,  they 
are  idle  and  improvident,  irregular  in  their  mode  of  living, 
and  uncleanly  in  thrir  persons  and  dwelling.  Lach  tribe 
was  governed  by  a  Sagamore  (sunk-a-muh),  and  under  them 
by  "wise  men,""  denominated  Sachems,  in  modern  times 
chiefs,  governors,  captains.  They  have  no  written  laws,  nor 
judicial  process, —  only  a  few  immemorial  usages, —  all  their 
proceedings  under  the  Sagamores  and  Sachems  being  regu- 
lated by  sense  of  present  fitness  and  benefit.  Their  relig- 
ious notions  were  crude  and  full  of  superstitions.  They 
believed  in  a  great  and  good  spirit  called  Sazoos,  and  prob- 


r 


40 


EASTI'ORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


ably  in  the  immortality  of  the  soul.  They  also  believed  in 
an  evil  spirit,  called  Majahondo.  Their  moral  sense  was  ex- 
ceedingly obtuse,  and  had  little  or  no  practical  operation  on 
their  lives  or  conduct.  Christianity  was  early  introduced, 
and  subsequently  taught  among  the  Ktechemin  tribes  by 
the  Jesuits  and  Catholic  missionaries.  'I'hey  effected  great 
changes  in  the  views  and  external  practices  of  the  natives. 
Superstitious  rites  and  rituals,  blended  with  endeavors  to 
inculcate  and  deepen  the  moral  sense  and  to  encourage 
religious  worship,  becoming  established,  are  still  extant 
among  the  remnant  of  the  tribes.  Jjut  neither  their  morals, 
manners,  principles,  nor  yet  their  customs,  tastes,  or  senti- 
ments, have  undergone  any  or  extensive  radical  improvement. 
In  all  these,  the  Indians  are  Indian  natives  still,  without  any 
essential  change. 

The  French  appear  to  have  had  more  friendly  and  familiar 
intercourse  with  the  Indians  than  the  English.  Thev  assim- 
ilated  more  with  their  manners  and  customs,  adopted  their 
habits  and  modes  of  life,  and  by  intermarriages  with  the 
natives  acquired  an  influence  never  possessed  by  the  Eng- 
lish. This  was  increased  by  the  influence  exercised  by  the 
Jesuits,  and  the  imposing  rites  and  ceremonies  of  the  Cath- 
olic Church,  more  palpable  to  the  senses,  and  therefore  more 
acceptable,  than  the  simple  but  more  intellectual  worship 
of  the  Protestants.  The  Ktechemin  tribes  are  all  Catholic, 
but  not  deep  reasoners  on  the  subject  of  religion. 

During  fifty  years,  the  planters  and  traders  in  Maine  had 
great  intercourse  with  the  natives,  undisturbed  by  any  open 
rupture.  When  the  Indians  commenced  hostilities,  they 
were  full  of  revenge  and  greedy  spoil.  No  presents,  no 
treaties,  no  expedient,  could  for  any  length  of  time  bind 
them  in  the  bonds  of  peace.  Their  jealousies  and  antipa- 
thies were  habitual :  and,  when  it  was  too  late,  they  had  a  fear- 
ful vision  of  exile  from  the  land  of  their  fathers  or  of  utter 


l|i 


WES  I  ON  S    HISTORV 


41 


worship 
itholic, 


1 

1 


extermination.  From  the  time  of  King;  Philip's  War,  com- 
menced in  1675,  the  inhabitants  of  Maine  were  extreme  suf- 
ferers in  six  Indian  wars,  in  which  the  Indians  displayed 
their  implacable  resentment  and  proverbial  ferocity.  There 
are  few  data  to  show  the  part  which  the  Indians  east  of  the 
Penobscot  took  in  these  wars,  or  how  far  they  were  imme- 
diate sufiferers  by  them.  The  first  treaty  ever  made  with  the 
eastern  Indians  was  Nov.  13,  1676.  At  the  commencement 
of  King  William's  War,  1688,  "  Egeremet  of  Machias "  is 
named  as  a  sagamore  engaged  in  hostilities.  In  June, 
1692,  in  the  attack  on  the  fort  at  Wells  by  the  French  and 
Indians  under  Burneffe,  "Egeremet,  who  was  from  Machias 
or  Passamaquoddy,"  is  mentioned  among  several  other  saga- 
mores; and  his  name,  with  those  of  twelve  other  sagamores, 
appears  in  a  treaty  with  the  English  on  the  nth  of  August, 
the  next  year,  as  representing  all  the  tribes  from  Passama- 
quoddy to  Saco,  inclusive.  A  brother  of  his  was  one  of 
the  hostages.  Egeremet  was,  some  time  after,  basely  killed 
by  Captain  Chubb  at  Pemaquid,  where  he  went  to  effect  an 
exchange  of  prisoners. 

In  1704,  a  force  of  live  hundred  and  fifty  men  besides 
officers  was  raised  in  Massachusetts,  and  the  conimand  given 
to  the  celebrated  Colonel  Church.  Furnished  with  fourteen 
transports,  thirty-six  whale-boats,  and  a  scout  shallop,  he 
sailed  from  Boston  May  2 1,  under  convoy  of  the  "Jersey "'  and 
"Cosport."'  ships-of-war  of  forty-eight  and  thirty-two  guns, 
attended  by  the  province  galley.  The  places  of  destination 
specially  appointed  him  were  Metinicus.  Penobscot,  Mount 
Desert,  Machias,  Passamaciuoddy,  and  the  settlements  on 
tiie  Bay  of  Eundy.  His  first  stopping-place  was  at  Metini- 
cus, whence  he  sent  out  boats  to  one  of  the  Green  Islands, 
and  took  into  custody  three  Frenchmen  named  Lafavre,  a 
father  and  two  sons,  and  also  a  Canadian  Indian.  The  pris- 
oners, at  first  obstinate  and  sullen,  were  terrified  bv  threats 


1/ 


.! 


i 


111! 


42 


EASTPORT  AND    PAS.SAMA(jl"ODDV 


or  softened  by  promises  to  give  information  and  act  as  pilots. 
Tliey  told  Colonel  Church  that  there  were  several  families 
of  French  and  Indians  living  about  the  margin  of  the  Penob- 
scot, and  also  that  Messrs.  Gourdon  and  Sharkee,  French 
officers  who  had  lately  furnished  them  and  the  informants 
with  anmunition  and  other  necessaries,  were  then  engaged 
in  building  a  fort  at  Passamaquoddy.  Church,  under  the 
pilotage  of  the  prisoners  and  one  Young,  taken  out  of  the 
jail  at  Boston  for  the  purpose,  made  an  incursion  into  the 
bay  and  river  of  Penobscot,  where  "  he  killed  and  took 
a  considerable  number  both  of  French  and  Indians."  At 
Mount  Desert,  Colonel  Church  was  joined  by  the  ships-of- 
war,  and,  taking  a  fresh  supply  of  provisions,  proceeded  into 
the  waters  of  Passamaquoddy  in  whale-boats.  Through  fear 
of  alarming  the  enemy,  he  rowed  by  night  and  rested  by  day, 
not  permitting  a  gun  to  be  discharged  even  at  an  Indian,  if 
he  could  be  otherwise  killed  or  taken.  On  the  7th  of  June, 
Church  and  his  men  went  on  shore  u[)on  an  island,  probably 
Moose  Island,  where  they  made  prisoners  of  a  i'rench- 
w'oman  nnd  her  children  ;  and,  from  the  mainland  near  her 
abode,  tliey  took  M.  Lotrull  and  his  family.  Ascending  the 
river,  they  seized  upon  Gourdon  and  his  family,  and  Siiarkee 
and  his  dctr.estics,  and  plundered  the  house  of  the  latter  of 
some  valuable  articles.  Church,  observing  several  of  his 
men  hovering  round  Gourdon's  dwelling,  inciuired  the  rea- 
son. One  of  them  replied,  "  IJecause  some  of  the  people 
within  will  not  come  out.''  At  which  Church  exclaimed. 
"Then  kill  them."  They  instantly  lircd,  and  several  fell. 
He  tiien  proceeded  to  the  head  of  the  navigation  of  the 
river,  still  engaged  in  the  work  of  capture  and  destruction, 
Chartiers,  a  l''rench  officer  and  resident,  being  the  only  one 
who  escaped.  The  armament  then  sailed  up  the  Pay  of 
P^undy,  destroying  ^[inas,  now  Morton,  and  two  other  "  pop- 
ulous  villages,"    laid    waste    the   country   about    Ciiignecto 


ll 


Weston's  historv 


43 


;  the 
larkee 

tier  of 
of  his 
e  rea- 
M.'ople 
limed. 

al   M\. 

of    the 

irtion, 

ly  one 

!ay   ol" 

pop- 

Unecto 


(Cumberland),  and,  visiting  Passamaquoddy,  Mount  Desert, 
and  Penobscot,  returned  to  l^oston  after  an  absence  of  about 
three  months.  In  this,  his  fifth  and  last  eastern  ex]:)edition 
(having  in  his  preceding  one  been  as  far  as  St.  John),  '^e 
had  taken  one  'uindred  prisoners  and  a  great  amount  of 
plunder,  with  the  loss  of  only  six  men,  and,  as  a  reward  for 
his  services,  received  from  the  legislature  a  vote  of  public 
thanks, 

[n  1722,  a  vessel  from  Annapolis  for  Boston,  with  several 
passengers,  touched  at  Passamaquoddy  for  water.  Ignorant 
of  hostilities,  then  lately  commenced,  they  went  on  shore, 
where  they  were  made  prisoners  by  a  mixed  party  of  French 
and  Indians.  In  making  arrangements  to  divide  the  cargo, 
they  sent  the  master  on  board  the  vessel,  when,  the  wind 
springing  up  fresh  and  fair,  he  and  the  people  on  board  cut 
the  cable,  nd  made  the  best  of  their  way  to  iJoston,  Those 
left  behind  ^vere  afterward  released  on  payment  of  ransom. 
In  1744,  the  government  of  ^fassachusetts  declared  war 
''  against  the  several  tribes  east  of  the  one  upon  Passama- 
quoddy," forbidding  all  the  Indians  westward  of  a  line 
"beginning  at  three  miles  eastward  of  that  river,  and  run- 
ning north  to  the  St,  Lawrence,"  to  have  any  correspond- 
ence with  those  Indian  rebels. 

In  the  vear  17^)0,  and  during  what  is  usually  termed  the 
"old  French  War,"  the  eastern  tribes,  who  had  joined  with 
the  French,  wasted  by  war,  famine,  hardships,  and  disease, 
particularly  the  small-pox,  now  left  to  their  fate  by  those 
who  lind  made  them  dupes  and  self-destroyers,  saw  them- 
selves on  the  brink  of  ruin  when  too  late  to  avoid  the  sacri- 
fice. The  tribes  that  'irst  sued  for  peace  were  tiiose  on  the 
St,  John  River  and  Passamaquoddy,  who  had  been  the  fore- 
most in  taking  up  the  tomahawk.  One  tribe  sent  Michael 
Neptune,  the  other  Pellamy  CJlaube,  to  Governor  Lawrence 
at   Halifax,  who  entered   into   a  negotiation    with    them,  by 


44 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


«  I 


if' 


which  the  treaty  of  1725,  confirmed  in  1749,  was  fully  rec- 
ognized and  renewed,  and  hostages  given  for  a  strict  ad- 
herence thereto.  The  other  tril^es  soon  followed  their 
example,  and  thus  were  terminated  the  wars  and  even  the 
political  existence  of  the  Indians. 

The  estimates  of  the  inhabitants  of  Maine  at  different 
periods  are  as  follows:  in  1735,  about  9,000;  in  1742,  prob- 
ably 12,000;  in  1761,  17,500;  and  in  1764,  about  24,000 
souls. 

The  question  of  tjie  eastern  boundary  came  incidentally 
into  discussion  between  the  French  and  I'lnglish  in  1749, 
when  Governor  Shirley,  of  Massachusetts,  and  the  Marquis 
de  la  Galissoniere  were  appointed  to  settle  the  disputed  lines 
between  Canada  and  Nova  Scotia,  the  place  of  meeting 
being  fixed  at  Paris.  On  this  business,  Shirley  was  absent 
four  years,  without  accomplishing  the  object.  The  General 
Court,  in  a  congratulatory  address  on  his  return,  after  ex- 
pressing their  regret  at  his  want  of  success  with  the  French, 
add,  what  perhaps  is  equally  applicable  to  other  nations,  and 
also  to  individuals, — "  but  for  a  long  time  that  nation  has 
been  famous  for  doing  justice  by  compulsior.  rather  than  by 
inclination." 

At  the  peace  of  Paris,  Feb.  10,  1763,  which  terminated 
the  "  old  French  War,"  France  renounced  and  guaranteed  to 
(Jreat  Prilain  all  Canada  and  Nova  Scotia,  with  all  her 
northern  continental  and  insular  possessions  in  America, 
except  the  small  islands  of  St.  Peter's  and  Miguelon  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  which  Great  Britain  ceded  and  con- 
llrmefl  to  France,  as  a  shelter  for  her  fishermen.  The  same 
year  Canaila  was  erected  a  provincial  government ;  and  a 
l)art  of  its  southern  boundary  line  runs  from  a  certain  i)oint 
at  forty-five  degrees  of  north  latitude,  eastward,  "  along  the 
highlands  which  divide  the  rivers  that  empty  tliemselves  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence  from  those  wliich  fall  into  the  sea," — 


Weston's  history 


45 


nated 
ed  to 
her 
ncrica, 
n  the 
:1  con- 
same 
:  I  m  1  a 
)oiiit 
J  tlie 
ves  ill 
ea,'- 


a  line  supposed  to  form  the  northern  boundary  or  limit  of 
Maine. 

About  this  time,  the  settlement  of  this  part  of  the  country 
began  to  engage  the  attention  of  the  government.  As  early 
as  1734  Governor  Belcher  made  an  exploring  excursion  into 
the  eastern  parts,  and  visited  Passamariuoddy,  Machias,  and 
the  coast  westward  to  the  Sheepscut.  In  1750,  Richard' 
Hazen  was  employed,  at  the  public  expense,  to  make  sur- 
veys and  form  a  correct  map  or  chart  of  the  whole  coast 
between  the  Merrimack  and  St.  Croix;  and  in  1762  the 
General  Court  appointed  William  Brattle,  James  Olis,  and 
John  Winslow  "to  repair  to  the  St.  Croix,  determine  the 
place  where  the  easterly  line  is  to  begin ;  to  extend  the 
said  line  so  far  as  they  shall  think  necessary,  and  ascertain 
and  settle  the  same  bv  n;arked  trees,  or  other  boundarv 
marks."  Their  report  was  made  in  February  following, 
accepted  and  printed  ;  but  it  showed  a  view  rather  than  a 
descriptive  survey. 

In  1764,  two  years  afterward,  Governor  Bernard,  of  Mas- 
sachusetts, caused  a  survey  of  the  Bay  of  Passamacjuoddy 
to  be  made,  and  proposed  making  grants  of  land  there,  as 
being  within  his  government.  The  next  year  Governor 
Wilmot,  of  Nova  Scotia,  did  the  same.  'I"he  surveyor  from 
Nova  Scotia  reported  that  the  river  called  by  the  Indians 
Copscook  was  anciently  called  by  the  French  St.  Ooix ;  and, 
although  Governor  JJernard  claimed  the  Macacadava  as  the 
St.  Croix,  yet  in  1765  he  apj^lied  to  and  obtained  a  grant 
from  the  governor  of  Nova  Scolia  of  one  hundred  thousand 
acres,  including  Moose  Island,  for  himself  and  his  asso- 
ciates, lying  between  tlie  Copscook  and  Schoodic  Rivers, 
on  the  western  side  of  I'assamaiiuoddy   Hay. 

A  brief  notice  of  some  of  the  incidents  of  the  i\.ev<)luiinn- 
ary  War,  which  occurreil  in  this  vicinity,  may  with  propriety 
be  here  introduced, —  not  as  highly  important  in  themselves, 


/  : 


^  t 


46 


EASTI'ORT   AND    PASSAM A()UODDV 


i 


:  1 


1  "U 

I'  .11  I 


yet  forming  a  part  of  the  great  whole,  and  showing  that  the 
actors  were  among  the  number  of  brave  men  whose  merits 
and  deeds  so  much  adorn  the  annals  of  the  Revolution. 

Soon  after  the  battle  of  Lexington,  in  April,  1775,  Cap- 
tain Ichabod  Jones,  of  Boston,  whose  wife  and  daughter 
were  with  their  relativei  at  Alachias,  obtained  leave  of 
'  Admiral  Graves  to  freight  his  vessel  with  provisions  and 
carry  them  to  Machias  on  condition  of  returning  with  a 
cargo  of  wood  and  lumber  for  the  use  of  the  JJritish  troops. 
Jones  was  accompanied  by  the  English  schooner,  "  ]\Iar- 
granetto,"  armed  with  four  or  five  guns,  several  swivels,  and 
hand-grenades,  under  the  command  of  Midshipman  Moor,  a 
relative  of  the  admiral.  On  his  arrival,  early  in  June,  the 
settlers  were  called  together,  and,  in  view  of  their  remote 
and  destitute  condition,  agreed  to  permit  his  vessel  to  load. 
But  Benjamin  Foster  and  a  party  from  East  River  (now 
East  Machias)  conceived  the  bold  design  of  making  pri-<- 
oners  of  the  officers  while  on  shore,  and  a  prize  of  the  armed 
schooner.  This  object,  however,  was  frustrated.  The  offi- 
cers got  on  board,  and  moved  down  to  the  mouth  of  the  river. 
Foster,  thus  disappointed,  consulted  with  Jeremiah  O'Brien 
and  others,  of  West  Falls  (now  Machias) ;  and  a  plan  of 
attack  agreed  on.  Foster  and  his  party  took  a  coaster,  then 
in  East  River,  and  O'Brien  and  his  party  took  Jones's  larg- 
est sloop,  and  both  proceeded  down  t^e  river,  some  armed 
with  muskets,  some  with  pitchforks  and  other  weapons,  with 
the  intention  of  carrying  the  enemy  by  boarding.  They 
were  received  by  a  warm  discharge  of  swivels,  musketry,  and 
hand-grenades,  by  which  two  men,  McNeil  and  Colbetli,  were 
killed,  and  two  or  three  badly  wounded.  In  return,  a  deadly 
fire  was  kept  up.  Moor,  who  made  a  brave  defence,  was 
mortally  wounded,  several  of  his  men  killed,  and  also  one 
Avery,  a  master  of  a  schooner  from  Connecticut,  who  hap- 
pened to  be  on  board.  The  vessel  was  then  surrendered, 
and  carried  to  the  West  l""alls  in  triumph. 


Weston's  history 


47 


armed 
le  offi- 

le  river. 

O'Krien 
:;laii  of 
r,  then 
s  larijj- 
a  lined 
IS,  with 
They 
ry,  and 
li,  were 
deadly 
:e,  was 
so  one 
o  hap- 
ulered. 


Hostilities  thus  commenced,  Jones's  sloop,  surnamed  the 
'•  Liherty,"  was  fitted  up  with  bidwarks  and  armed  with  the 
'runs  and  swivels  taken  from  the  prize.  The  "  Plantation 
Committee  of  Safety "'  appointed  O'Brien  to  command  her ; 
and  he  made  an  unsuccessful  cruise  of  three  weeks  in  the 
Bay  of  Fundy  for  the  schooner  "  Diligent,"  a  vessel  of  seventy 
or  eighty  tons,  sent  out  to  survey  the  coast,  under  Captain 
Knight.  Shortly  after  his  return,  information  was  given 
that  the  "  Diligent,"  accompanied  by  a  tender  under  Captain 
Hutchins,  had  anchored  at  Buck's  Harbor,  about  nine  miles 
from  Machias.  Captain  Stephen  Smith,  with  a  guard  sta- 
tioned there,  surprised  and  took  Knight  a  juisoner.  The 
next  day  O'l^rien  in  the  "Liberty"'  and  Foster  in  the  coaster 
captured  both  the  "  Diligent '"  and  the  tender  without  loss. 
The  prisoners  were  forthwith  sent  to  Falmouth  (now  Port- 
land), accompanied  by  O'Brien  and  Foster,  who  proceeded 
to  head-quarters  at  Cambridge,  where  they  were  received  by 
the  Provincial  Congress,  and  i^resented  with  the  ])ublic 
thanks  "for  their  courage  and  good  conduct."  These  trans- 
actions were,  it  is  believed,  the  first  naval  enterprises  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  T'he  "Liberty,"  Captain  O'Brien,  and 
"  Diligent,"  Captain  John  Long,  were  immediately  commis- 
sioned bv  the  Provincial  Congress,  and  cruised  in  tlie  Bav 
of  Fundy,  where  the  "  Liberty  "  captured  soon  after  a  brig 
laden  with  provisions. 

During  the  first  year  of  the  war,  the  eastern  Indians  re- 
mained quiet.  Their  importance,  however,  as  frtjntier  allies 
was  soon  perceived.  The  political  relations  which  had  long 
subsisted  with  the  Tarralines  r)f  the  Penobscot  were  re- 
newed and  confirmed.  'Tiie  Passamaquodd}-  tribe  had  given 
indications  of  good  will  toward  the  Americans.  Besides,  the 
Marechites  on  the  river  St,  John,  and  the  Micmacs  of 
Nova  Scotia,  sent  a  delegation  of  their  tribes  to  Watertown, 
who  entered  into  a  treaty  of  alliance  and  friendship  with  the 


'f   -^ 


48 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


government  of  Massachusetts,  signed  by  ten  of  their  chiefs, 
on  the  19th  of  July,  1776.  A  truck-house  was  established  at 
Penobscot,  and  another  soon  after  at  Machias,  whence  they 
received  their  supplies.  The  government  also  granted  to 
the  people  of  Machias  the  value  of  ^170,  in  corn  and  rye, 
for  their  relief  and  encouragement.  An  immense  advantage 
accrued  to  the  inhabitants  east  of  the  Penobscot  by  the  .St. 
John  and  Passamaquoddy  Indians  joining  with  us  instead 
of  adhering  to  the  enemy;  for  had  they,  under  British  influ- 
ence, been  set  on  to  plunder  our  towns  and  settlements,  the 
whole  population,  then  but  thinly  scattered  over  the  country, 
must  have  been  destroyed.  Great  credit  is  due  to  the  In- 
dians for  their  strict  and  rigid  adherence  to  our  cause,  al- 
though the  commissary's  department  was  at  times  destitute 
of  clothing  and  provisions,  as  well  for  them  as  for  our  own 
troops.  Several  instances  of  individual  courage  and  daring 
among  them,  well  authenticated,  are  still  preserved  among 
their  ancient  traditions. 

The  British  government  had  established  I'ort  Cumberland 
at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  P\mdy  in  1755,  and  still  main- 
tained it;  but  the  troops  had  been  gradually  withdrawn,  and 
a  small  number  only  remained  to  take  care  of  the  artillery 
and  military  stores.  Captain  Jonathan  ICddy,  a  native  of 
Massachusetts,  who  had  lived  many  years  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  fort,  and  was  sheriff  of  the  county,  conceiving  that  it 
migiit  easily  be  reduced,  applied  to  the  Provincial  Congress 
of  Massachusetts  for  men  and  supplies  for  that  purpose, 
but  obtained  nothing  more  than  their  connivance.  lie 
therefore  returned  to  Nova  Scotia,  and  by  contributions 
first,  and  by  jiersuasions,  promises,  and  threats  afterward, 
had  the  address  to  raise  about  one  hundred  and  liftv  men. 
At  Shepardy  Hill,  he  look  a  captain,  sergeant,  and  fourteen 
men  prisoners ;  and  the  third  night  afterward  he  took  a 
vessel  of  one  hundred  tons,  llu'n  lying  agrouml,  with  six  hun- 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


49 


leriancl 
main- 
n,  and 
tillery 

tive    of 

iDity  of 
thai  it 
inu;ress 

uipose, 
Me 
jiitions 
rward, 
V  men. 
lurtccn 
took  a 
ix  hun- 


dred barrels  of  beef  and  pork,  a  ton  of  candles,  fifty  firkins 
of  butter,  and  seven  hundred  new  blankets,  all  intended  for 
the  garrison, —  a  part  of  which,  however,  were  retaken.  He 
then  collected  his  whole  force,  with  the  addition  of  some  of 
the  St.  John  Indians,  and  attacked  the  fort  in  the  night.  Sep- 
tember 27  ;  but  Colonel  Gorham,  the  conmiander,  having 
been  re-enforced  and  apprised  of  the  design,  made  a  vigor- 
ous defence,  killed  several  of  the  invaders,  and  completely 
repulsed  the  rest.  Seldom  is  a  defeat  attended  with  more 
l^ainful  circumstances.  Several  of  the  inhabitants  who  had 
joined  the  assailants  soon  saw  their  houses  in  fiames  and 
their  families  in  the  deepest  distress ;  and,  finding  no  alter- 
native but  either  to  surrender  at  discretion  to  an  enraged 
enemy  or  flee  from  the  British  territory,  they  chose  the 
latter,  and,  leaving  their  families,  took  their  route  along  the 
north  shore,  crossed  the  St.  John  River  at  Fredericton, 
thence  to  Schoodic  and  Machias,  where  they  arrived  half 
naked  and  famished,  having  been  in  the  woods  twenty-five 
days.  Their  families,  who  remained  behind  during  a  winter 
of  severe  suffering,  many  of  them  houseless  and  without  the 
comforts  or  even  the  necessaries  of  life,  were  brought  awav 
the  following  spring,  in  a  flag  of  truce.  Fddy  was  afterward 
a  colonel  in  the  army;  and  the  (leneral  Court  in  17S5 
granted  him  and  nineteen  of  his  associates  nine  thousand 
acres  of  land  at  the  head  of  the  tide  on  the  Penobscot,  and 
the  town  incorporated  there  in  181 1  was,  in  compliment  to 
him.  called  I'.ddington. 

Several  of  the  refugees  settled  at  Machias  and  Kastport, 
among  whom  were  the  late  Colonel  John  Allan,  of  Lubec, 
and  L.  F.  Delcsdernier,  Esq.,  who,  it  is  believed,  is  the  last 
survivor.  Congress  afterward,  in  consideration  of  their  ser- 
vices and  sufferings,  made  them  liberal  grants  of  land  in  the 
State  of  Ohio. 

The  next   year,   1777,  the  eastern  department  underwent 


m    yiF- 


■HI 


«. 


SO 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAM  AQUODDY 


a  revision.  Machias  was  made  the  place  of  general  rendez- 
vous and  head-quarters,  and  a  garrison  established  there,  and 
raised  to  a  continental  establishment.  Colonel  Allan  was 
appointed  general  agent  and  superintendent,  with  the  rank 
and  pay  of  colonel ;  Mr.  Uelesdernier  was  appointed  a  lieu- 
tenant;  and  some  of  the  Indians  were  also  commissioned 
as  officers.  The  garrison  consisted  of  three  hundred  men, 
with  two  nine-pounders,  one  six-pounder,  and  the  necessary 
stores.  The  late  Stephen  Smith,  I'^sq.,  was  appointed  truck- 
master  or  commissary,  and  the  place  put  into  the  best  state 
of  defence. 

The  expedition  planned  against  Fort  Cumberland  and  the 
general  rendezvous  established  at  Machias  were  measures 
which  could  not  be  concealed  from  the  I'ritish  admiral  at 
New  York  ;  and,  before  the  recruits  had  all  assembled  at 
Machias,  he  sent  two  frigates  and  an  armed  brig  to  frus- 
trate the  design.  They  arrived  in  August,  and  anchored  at 
the  Narrows,  where  they  burned  a  tide-water  mill  and  took 
a  coasting  sloop.  At  the  forks  of  the  river,  they  burned  two 
dwelling-houses,  two  barns,  and  a  guard-house.  They  then 
towed  the  brig  and  sloop  to  the  mouth  of  Middle  River,  near 
where  the  bridge  now  is.  Here  a  smart  action  commenced, 
which  resulted  in  forcing  the  vessels  to  return  with  the  loss 
of  many  men,  as  the  narrowness  of  the  river  and  the  trees 
on  its  margin  afforded  shelter  and  good  opportunity  to  pick 
ofif  those  who  showed  themselves  on  deck,  with  little  danger 
to  the  assailants.  Discouraged  by  the  vigor  and  spirit  of 
the  resistance  they  met  with,  the  squadron  in  a  day  or  two 
left  the  jilace.  Toward  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Deles- 
dernier  was  decoyed  on  board  an  armed  vessel,  disguised 
as  a  trader,  near  Pleasant  Point,  and  carried  a  prisoner  to 
Halifax.  On  the  12th  of  June,  Castine  wa>  taken  posses- 
sion of  I)y  the  l>riiish,  regularly  fortified,  and  retained  till 
the  peace,  though  attempts  were  made  to  retake  it.      This 


a 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


SI 


endez- 

■■■i 

-e,  and 

■i 

m  was 

z  rank 

a  lieu- 
sioned 
1  men, 

1 
1 

:essary 
truck- 

'3 

,t  slate 

Liid  the 

'j'S 

easures 

^-■^ 

niral  at 

■1 

bled  at 

to  frus- 

■r3 

ored  at 

' 

id  took 

led  two 

;y  then 

1 

er,  near 

nenced, 

he  loss 

: 

e  trees 

' 

to  pick 

danger 

'■ 

pirit  of 

or  two 

Deles- 

sguised 

•' 

mer  to 

posses- 

1 

led  till 

'; 

This 

'i-; 

possession  was,  however,  confined  to  the  peninsula,  and  the 
command  of  the  Penobscot  by  means  of  their  fleet. 

Hostilities  being  happily  terminated  by  the  acknowledg- 
ment of  the  independence  of  the  United  States,  their  eastern 
boundary  was  established  by  the  definitive  treaty  of  peace  of 
Sept.  3,  1783,  as  follows  :  "  By  a  line  to  be  drawn  along  the 
middle  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  from  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  to  its  source,  and  from  its  source,  directly  north  to 
tlie  highlands,  which  divide  the  rivers  that  fall  into  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  from  those  that  fall  into  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence ;  comprehending  all  islands  within  twenty  leagues  of 
any  part  of  the  shores  of  the  United  States,  and  lying  south 
of  a  line  to  be  drawn  due  east  from  the  point  where  the 
aforesaid  boundary  touches  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  excepting 
such  islands  as  then  were,  or  theretofore  had  been,  within 
the  limits  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia." 

Although  the  river  St.  Croix  had  been  the  boundary  line 
between  nations  as  well  as  individuals,  and  the  adjacent 
territory  a  sul>ject  of  contention,  negotiation,  and  reference 
for  nearly  two  centuries,  yet  the  location  of  the  river,  or  the 
question,  "Which  was  the  true  river  St.  C'roix.'"  had  never 
yet  been  settled  or  decided.  But  no  sooner  was  the  treaty 
concluded  than  the  more  definite  settlement  of  the  eastern 
boundary  attracted  the  attention,  not  only  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts,  but  of  the  Congress  of  the  Imited  States. 
Complaint  of  encroachments  on  our  territory,  south  and 
west  of  the  St.  Croix,  was  made  to  the  Old  (."ongress  on  tiie 
25th  of  December,  1783,  even  before  the  i:)roclamation  rati- 
fying the  treaty  of  peace  was  issued,  which  was  referred  by 
("ongress  to  the  government  of  Massachusetts,  with  a  rec- 
ommendation to  ascertain  the  facts,  make  a  representation 
thereof  to  the  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  to  request  his 
interposition  to  prevent  their  recurrence.  The  governor 
of  Massachusetts  adopted  the  course  recommended,  and  in 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


July,  17S4,  appointed  Generals  Lincoln  and  Knox  to  repair  to 
Passamaquodtly,  and  there  inform  themselves  what  encroach- 
ments had  been  made  on  the  territories  of  the  said  State. 
These  gentlemen  performed  the  duties  assigned  them,  and 
reported  that  a  very  considerable  number  of  British  subjects 
had  settled  at  a  place  called  St.  Andrews,  on  the  eastern 
bank  of  the  river  Schoodic,  which,  in  their  opinion,  was 
clearly  within  the  limits  of  the  State.  They  examined  the 
three  rivers  emptying  into  the  bay, —  the  Copscook,  the 
Schoodic  or  Passamaquoddy,  and  the  Macacadava, —  and 
were  decidedly  of  opinion  that  the  laUer  \\as  the  true  St. 
Croix. 

John  Mitchell,  in  a  deposition,  declared  that  he  was 
appointed  by  Governor  Bernard,  in  1764,  a  surveyor,  to 
repair  to  Passamaquoddy  with  Israel  Jones,  his  deputy, 
Nathan  Jones,  commanding  a  party  of  troops,  with  an  Indian 
interpreter,  and  ascertain  from  the  Indians  resident  there 
the  river  known  by  the  name  St.  Croix ;  that  they  pointed 
out  a  river  about  six  miles  north  and  about  three  degrees 
east  of  Harbor  Letete,  and  declared  on  oath  that  it  was  the 
ancient  and  only  river  known  among  them  as  the  St.  Croix. 
They  proceeded  in  their  surveys  accordingly,  and  returned 
three  plans  of  the  said  river  St.  Croix  and  Bay  of  Passama- 
quoddy to  Governor  Bernard.  Nathan  Jones,  in  his  deposi- 
tion, confirmed  the  foregoing  facts.  This,  it  should  be  re- 
marked, was  nearly  twenty  years  before  the  peace,  and 
while  the  whole  country  was  in  the  possession  and  the  prop- 
erty of  the  British.  Rufus  Putnam,  State  surveyor,  who  had 
thoroughly  examined  the  country,  made  a  long  communica- 
tion to  the  government,  and,  after  stating  the  facts  and 
reasons  at  large,  came  to  the  same  conclusion, —  that  the 
Macacadava  was  the  true  St.  Croix. 

The  documents  and  evidences  being  forwarded  to  Con- 
gress, Mr.  Jay,  then  Secretary  for  Foreign  Affairs,  in  a  report 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


53 


made  by  him  in  September,  1785,  recommended  that  "the 
Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  be  advised  by  Congress  to 
proceed  without  noise  or  delay  to  garrison  such  places  in 
their  actual  possession  as  were  jnost  exposed."  The  same 
report  also  recommends  to  apprise  the  court  of  France  of 
the  disputes  in  question,  as  his  most  Catholic  Majesty  had 
by  treaty  explicitly  and  perpetually  guaranteed  the  United 
States  in  all  their  possessions  Remonstrances  were  made 
to  the  governor  of  Nova  Scotia  on  the  subject,  and  negotia- 
tion with  Great  Britain  resorted  to,  instructions  being  sent 
out  to  Mr.  J.  Adams,  then  our  minister  at  the  court  of  London, 
to  call  the  attention  of  the  British  government  to  an  early 
and  definite  location  and  settlement  of  the  river  St.  Croix. 
On  the  9th  of  February,  1790,  a  confidential  message  relative 
to  the  boundary  question  was  transmitted  to  Congress  by 
President  Washington,  accompanied  by  a  mass  of  papers, 
occupying  nearly  forty  closely  printed  pages.  By  the  fifth 
article  of  the  treaty,  concluded  Nov.  19,  1794,  by  Mr.  Jay, 
provision  was  made  for  the  appointment  of  commissioners 
by  the  respective  governments  to  "determine  and  settle 
what  river  was  the  St.  Croix,"  as  mentioned  in  tiie  treaty 
of  17S3. 

The  commissioners  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  were 
Judges  Howell  and  Benson,  and  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain 
Colonel  Thomas  Barclay.  The  late  Governor  Sullivan,  of 
Boston,  and  the  late  Judge  Chipman,  of  St.  John,  were  the 
respective  agents.  They  met  at  Halifax  in  September,  1796, 
and  proceeded  thence  to  Passamaquoddy  in  the  execution 
of  their  commission.  In  the  river  Schoodic,  and  opposite 
to  the  north-east  corner  of  what  is  now  Robbinslon,  liiey 
found  an  island  corresponding  in  situation  and  aspect  to 
the  description  given  of  the  island  St.  Croix  by  L'Escarbot, 
Charlevoix,  and  other  early  writers,  and  where  De  Monts's 
party  passed  the  winter   in    1604.     President  Webber,  late 


^^w 


II    \v 


I 


54 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


of  Harvard  College,  who  accompanied  the  commissioner 
says  :  "Near  the  upper  end  of  it  were  the  remains  of  a  very 
ancient  fortification  overgrown  with  large  trees ;  that  the 
foundation  stones  were  tracpd  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
that  bricks  were  found  there.  These  remains  were,  un- 
doubtedly, the  relics  of  De  Monts's  fortification."  It  is  a 
confirmatory  circumstance  that  clay  is  known  to  have  been 
found  and  used  there  at  the  first  settlement.  L'f'lscarbot 
says  that  "  M.  de  Potrincourt,  when  at  Port  Royal  in  1606, 
caused  great  quantities  of  bricks  to  be  made,  with  which  he 
made  an  open  furnace." 

On  the  25th  of  October,  1798,  they  made  their  report,  in 
which  they  decided  that  "the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Croix  ' 
in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  at  a  jirojection  of  land  called  yo. 
Point,  about  one  mile  northward  from  the  northern  part  of 
St.  Andrews  Island,  and  in  the  latitude  of  45"  5'  5''  north, 
and  in  the  longitude  of  67°  12'  30"  west  from  London,  3° 
54'  15"  east  from  Harvard  College."  Then  follows  a  de- 
scription of  a  line  up  the  river  to  its  source,  where  they 
fixed  a  permanent  landmark,  now  called  the  "Monument." 

The  decision  is  thus  communicated  to  Congress  by  the 
President  in  his  opening  speech,  Dec.  8,  1798:  "The  com- 
missioners appointed  to  determine  what  river  was  truly 
intended  under  the  name  of  the  river  St.  Croix  mentioned 
in  the  treaty  of  peace,  and  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary 
therein  described,  have  finally  decided  that  question.  On 
the  25th  of  October  last,  they  made  their  declaration,  that 
a  river  called  Schoodic,  which  falls  into  Passamaquoddy 
Bay  at  its  north-western  quarter,  was  the  true  St.  Croix 
intended  in  the  treaty  of  peace,  as  far  as  its  great  fork, 
where  one  of  its  streams  comes  from  the  westward,  and  the 
other  from  the  northward ;  and  that  the  latter  stream  is  the 
continuation  of  the  St.  Croix  to  its  source.  This  decision, 
it  is  understood,  will  preclude  all  contention  among  individ- 


WKSTON  S    IIIMORV 


55 


ual  comiilainants  with  regard  to  grants  of  land.  A  subor- 
dinate question,  however,  it  has  been  suggested,  still  re- 
mains to  be  determined,  lietween  the  mouth  of  the  river 
St.  Croix,  as  now  settled,  and  what  is  usually  called  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  lie  a  number  of  valuable  islands.  The  commis- 
sioners have  not  continued  the  boundary  line  through  any 
channels  of  these  islands :  and,  imless  the  IJay  of  Passama- 
quoddy  is  a  part  of  the  }]ay  of  Fundy,  this  further  adjust- 
ment will  be  necessary.  But  it  is  apprehended  that  this  will 
not  be  a  matter  of  any  difticulty." 

It  will,  however,  appear  in  the  sequel  that  the  President 
did  not  exercise  his  usual  sagacity  on  this  "subordinate 
question  about  which  it  was  apprehended  there  would  l)e  rio 
difficulty."  Almost  twenty  ^i^ars  elapsed  before  it  was  ad- 
justed :  and  the  greater  part  "f  that  time  was  consumed  in 
discussions  and  negotiations  b'' tween  the  two  governments, 
—  a  delay  productive  in  its  results  of  much  misery  and  loss 
of  property  to  tlie  inhabitants  of  Passamaquoddy. 

In  order  to  settle  this  question,  which  still  remained  at 
issue, —  to  wil,  the  title  to  and  jurisdiction  over  these  islands 
(together  with  the  northern  and  western  boundaries), —  a 
convention  was  entered  into  between  Great  Britain  and  the 
L'nited  States  on  the  12th  of  May,  1S03.  by  which  the  line 
Ijetween  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  and  the  liay  of  Fundy 
was  agreed  upon,  and  is  stated  in  the  first  article,  as  follows  : 
"  The  line  hereinafter  described  shall  and  hereby  is  de- 
clared to  be  the  boundary  between  the  mouth  of  the  river 
St.  Croix  and  the  Bay  of  Fundy;  that  is  to  say, —  a  line 
beginning  in  the  middle  of  the  channel  of  the  river  St. 
Croix  at  its  mouth  (as  the  same  has  been  ascertained  by  the 
commissioners  appointed  for  that  purpose),  thence  through 
the  middle  of  the  channel  between  Deer  Island  on  the  east 
and  north,  and  Moose  Island  and  Campobello  Island  on  the 
west  and  south,  and  round  the  eastern  part  of  Campobello  to 


T 


/  • 


s(^ 


EASri'ORr    AND    I'A^SA.MAOUODDV 


:ip! 


I'll!  I 


11^  ^i! 


;ii 


the  Bay  of  Fiindy,  and  the  islands  and  waters  northward  and 
eastward  of  the  said  boundary,  together  with  the  island  of 
Canipobello,  situate  to  the  southward  thereof,  are  hereby 
declared  to  be  within  the  jurisdiction,  and  a  part  of  His 
Majesty's  Province  of  New  Brunswick  ;  and  ihe  islands  and 
waters  southward  and  westward  of  the  said  boundary,  except 
only  the  island  of  Campobello,  are  hereby  declared  to  be 
within  the  jurisdiction  and  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  one  of 
the  United  States."'  In  the  instructions  to  Mr.  Kir.g,  who 
negotiated  this  convention,  is  the  following  sentence  :  '•  The 
essential  objects  to  be  secured  to  the  United  States  are  the 
jurisdiction  of  Moose  Island,  and  the  common  navigation  of 
the  bay,  and  of  the  channels  leading  tow  ards  the  sea  between 
Deer  Island  and  the  island  of  Campobello."  The  eighth 
article  of  this  convention  contained  a  provision  for  the  set- 
tlement of  the  line  from  the  Lake  of  tlie  Woods  to  the 
nearest  source  of  the  river  Mississippi :  but,  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  not  approving  of  this  article,  the  conven- 
tion was  not  ratified. 

Messrs.  Monroe  and  Pinkncy,  on  the  31st  of  December, 
1S06,  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  British  government,  in  which 
the  boundary  line  on  the  eastern  frontier  was  agreed  upon  in 
nearly  the  same  words;  but  President  Jefferson,  disliking 
some  of  the  provisions  contained  in  it,  did  not  submit  it  to 
tlie  Senate  for  their  approval.  Of  course,  the  whole  subject 
remained  ///  s/tj/u  quo.  unsettled  and  undetermined. 

Had  the  commissioners  who  decided  whicli  was  the  St. 
C'roi.x  continued  the  line  between  th-j  inlands  to  the  sea,  as 
they  were  urged  to  do  by  the  agent  of  the  United  States,  but 
which  they  declined  "on  an  idea  that  their  commission  ex- 
tended no  further  than  to  an  nuthoriiy  to  tlnd  the  mouth  and 
source  of  the  river,'"  or  had  the  convention  or  treaty  last 
mentioned  been  ratilied.  and  so  the  title  and  jurisdiction 
.settled  over  the  islands,  th.e  capture  of   Kastport  during  the 


WESTOK  ..    HISTORY 


57 


cember, 
which 

pon  hi 

isHkhig 

t   it   to 

aihject 

he    St. 

sea,  as 
[cs,  but 
lion  L'x- 
uh  and 
Lty  hist 
idiction 
iiig  the 


Lite  war  would  not,  probably,  have  taken  place  ;  or,  if  it  had, 
it  would  have  been  restored  shortly  after  the  peace,  and  not 
retained  for  four  years,  while  the  title  was  under  discussion. 
Cireat  Britain  always  considered  the  islands  in  this  bay  as 
absolutely  belonging  to  her:  and  during  a  conference  be- 
tween the  ministers  of  the  respective  governments  for  nego- 
tiating the  late  treaty  of  peace  on  Aug.  jq,  1S14,  their 
ministers  were  asked  by  ours  "what  were  particularly  her 
views  with  respect  to  Moose  Island,  and  such  othei-  islands 
in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy,  as  had  been  in  our  possession 
till  the  present  war,  but  had  been  lately  captured.  They 
were  answered  that  those  islands  belong  of  right  to  Great 
Britain  (as  much  so,  said  one  of  the  commissioners,  as 
Northamptonshire,  an  inland  county  in  England),  they  would 
certainly  be  kept  by  her,  and  were  not  even  supposed  to  be 
an  object  of  discussion.''  However,  under  the  fourth  article 
of  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  concluded  Dec.  24,  18 14,  the  title  to 
and  jurisdiction  of  the  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy 
were  submitted  to  tv.o  commissioners.  Colonel  Thomas  l^ar- 
clay  on  the  part  of  Great  Britain,  and  Hon.  John  Holmes 
on  the  part  of  the  United  Stales,  who  met  at  St.  Andrews 
Sept.  23,  181 G,  opened  the  commission,  and  adjourned  from 
time  to  time,  from  place  to  place,  till  Nov.  24,  1817,  when 
they  nut  in  New  York  and  made  their  final  report  and 
award, —  "that  Moose  Island,  Dudley  Island,  and  Frederic 
Dland,  in  the  Bay  of  i'assamacniocldy  do  belong  to  the 
United  States,"  and  that  "all  the  other  islands  in  that  bay, 
and  the  island  of  Grand  Menan  in  liie  ]^ay  of  Fundy,  belong 
to  Plis  Britannic  Majesty,  in  conformity  with  the  true  intent 
of  the  second  article  in  the  treaty  of  1783."  And  on  the 
30th  of  June,  iSiS,  General  Miller  on  behalf  of  the  United 
States,  and  Colonel  Sargent  on  behalf  of  Massachusetts, 
received  from  the  British  a  formal  surrender  of  those  islamls, 
to  the  great  joy  of  the  iidiabitants,  who  were  relieved  from 


ii 


fn 


W^W 


^ 


/    ' 


58 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


the  operation  of  martial  law,  restored  to  the  exercise  of 
their  civil  rights,  and  made  a  component  part  of  a  great  and 
prosperous  nation. 

In  connection  with  the  subject  of  jurisdiction  over  the 
islands  in  this  bay,  particularly  Moose  Island,  I  will  refer  to 
a  letter  from  James  Avery,  Esq.,  then  of  Machias,  and  an 
officer  of  excise,  to  Governor  Bowdoin  at  Boston,  dated  Aug. 
23,  1785.  Among  other  things,  he  says:  "A  few  days  ago, 
Mr.  Wj'er,  high  sheriff  for  Charlotte  County,  posted  up 
advertisements  on  Moose  Island,  directing  the  inhabitants 
to  ;ittend  courts  at  St.  Andrews.  This  alarmed  them,  as 
they  were  threatened  in  case  of  their  refusal,  to  be  deprived 
of  their  estates.  Since  this  matter  has  taken  place,  I  was  up 
at  St.  Andrews,  and  had  a  long  conversation  with  Air.  VVyer. 
the  high  sheriff,  Mr.  Pagan,  and  other  principal  persons. 
They  say  they  acted  by  the  advice  of  Judge  Ludlow  (then 
chief  justice  of  New  Brunswick),  who  is  of  opinion  that  all 
the  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy  belonged  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  are  determined  to  support  their  claim,  and 
should  the  inhaljitants  refuse  to  obey  their  summons,  they 
may  depend  on  being  punished."  Persevering  efforts  were 
made  to  extend  and  exercise  jurisdiction  here.  Constables 
and  other  ofTicers  were  appointed  by  the  Court  of  Sessions 
at  St.  Andrews;  but  I  do  not  lind  that  any  ofTices  were 
accepted  or  that  any  jurors  attended,  though  required  to  do 
so.  Summonses  and  other  civil  processes  were  sent  here 
for  service  ;  and,  to  test  the  (piestion,  Mr.  Samuel  Tuttle  was 
arrested,  carried  to  St.  Andrews,  and  there  committed  to 
jail  (December,  1785).  lUit  he  was  steady  and  persevering 
in  his  refusal  to  submit  to  liieir  authority,  and  after  three 
days'  confinement  was  discharged.  Several  instances  oc- 
curred in  which  the  sheriff  from  St.  Andrews  attempted  to 
serve  process  here,  even  after  the  organization  of  this  county; 
and    once    a    personal     rencontre    took    place    l)etween    the 


^ 


rcise  of 
reat  and 

)ver  the 
refer  to 
and  an 
ted  Aug. 
!ays  ago, 
isted    up 
labitanis 
Lhem,  as 
deprived 
I  was  up 
.r.  Wyer. 
persons. 
o\v  (then 
that  all 
to  New 
aim,  and 
>ns,  they 
rts  were 
nstables 
Sessions 
es  were 
d  to  do 
L.'nt   lie  re 
ittle  was 
itted    to 
severing 
er  three 
noes   t)C- 
11  pled   to 
county; 
een    the 


Weston's  history 


59 


I 


I 

I 


"fi: 


sheriffs  of  the  two  counties,  relative  to  the  exercise  of  their 
respective  offices,  in  which  the  sheriff  of  Charlotte  County 
reluctantly  abandoned  his  purpose  and  retired.  It  appears 
by  our  town  records  that  a  town  meeting  was  called  on  the 
jyih  of  July,  iSoi,  "To  consider  on  the  situation  we  are  in, 
respecting  the  dispute  between  Great  Britain  and  the  United 
States  of  America,  in  regard  to  the  claims  of  jurisdiction  on 
Moose  Island,  and  to  take  such  methods  for  an  explanation 
as  may  be  thought  proper  and  expedient  to  quiet  the  inhab- 
itants." No  steps,  however,  appear  to  have  been  taken  in 
consequence,  as  the  article  was  passed  over  at  the  meeting. 
From  this  time,  the  question  seems  to  have  rested,  so  far  as 
the  people  here  took  a  part  in  it,  or  were  affected  by  it,  till 
the  capture  of  the  island,  and  the  subsequent  decision  under 
the  treaty  of  Clhent. 

Two  hundred  and  tiiirty  years  ha\e  now  elapsed  since  this 
vicinity  was  first  visited  by  Europeans  with  a  view  to  perma- 
nent settlement. 

Long  anterior  to  the  actual  settlement  of  the  Bav  of  Passa- 
maquoddy, —  which  is  an  Indian  name,  signifying  "pollock 
lish," — its  shores,  rivers,  and  inlets  had  been  frecpienied  by 
fishermen,  who  found  an  ample  remuneration  for  their  labors 
in  the  abundance  of  their  fare.  Formerly,  the  fur-trade 
also  had  been  a  profitable  one.  Hut  the  hunters  were  so 
multiplied,  and  the  deslruclio  i  of  wild  game  was  so  great  in 
llie  northern  woods  of  Maine,  that  it  was  found  necessary 
to  preserve  by  law  the  lives  of  those  fine-furred  animals 
at  seasons  when  their  coats  were  thin  and  their  offspring 
young;  and  the  General  Court,  by  a  law  passed  June  lo, 
1 79 1,  made  it  penal  in  the  sum  of  ten  dollars  to  kill  f>r  take 
any  otter,  beaver,  mink,  sable  or  marten,  i'lsher  or  black  cat, 
liicifer,  musquash,  or  wolverene,  from  the  tst  of  June  to  the 
I  St  of  October.  The  extensive  marshes  bordering  on  the 
Narraguagus,  Pleasant,  and  Machias  Rivers,  and  even  those 


/ 


60 


KASTPORT   A\D    PASSAMA*  U'ODDV 


l:i{ 


"ii|t 


M\i 


at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  were  much  resorted  to  for 
the  hay  they  afforded,  which  was  transported  to  the  west- 
ward. Lumber,  both  as  an  article  of  domestic  consump- 
tion and  for  exportation,  was  early  sought. 

Machias,  from  "  Mechises,"  the  Indian  name  of  the  river, 
seems  to  have  attracted  considerable  attention  ever  since  its 
situation  first  fell  under  the  eye  of  the  visitants,  whether 
I'rench  or  English.  In  1633,  the  Plymouth  colonists  estab- 
lished a  trading-house  there.  The  French  attempted  a  settle- 
ment in  1644,  and  since  that  time.  But  the  efifectual  settle- 
ment, or  rather  revival,  of  this  plantation  is  traced  to  inci- 
dents which  occurred  in  1 761  and  1762,  when  it  was  visited 
by  people  from  Scarborough,  for  the  purpose  of  cutting  hay 
on  the  marshes.  Mill  sites  were  then  selected  ;  and  in  May, 
1763,  sixteen  associates  removed  thither  from  Scarborough, 
and  erected  saw-mills  on  the  west  branch.  In  1765,  saw- 
mills were  erected  on  the  east  branch  by  B.  Foster  and 
his  neighbors.  ]5efore  the  year  1770,  several  others  were 
erected  on  both  branches,  and  one  on  the  Middle  River ; 
and  that  year  the  township  was  granted  to  eighty  individuals 
by  name,  so  that  the  place  soon  rose  into  importance.  It 
was  incorporated  in  1784,  and  is  the  oldest  town  east  of  the 
Penobscot  River.  The  first  minister  of  the  gospel  there  was 
Rev.  James  Lyon,  who  conmienced  his  labors  in  177 1,  and 
continued  nearlv  thirtv-two  years.*  The  late  Judge  Jones 
was  an  acting  magistrate  there,  under  King  George  ill., 
prior  to  the  Revolution. 

The  fust  grants  of  land  east  of  Penobscot  River  made  bv 
Massachusetts  were  in  1762,  of  twelve  townships,  three  of 
which,  now   Steuben,  Harrington,  and  Addison,  fell  within 

•He  had  a  siiiniilar  defect  nf  vision,  being  unable  to  (listini;iiish  between  the 
colors  of  black  .uid  red;  and  he  once  purcliased  a  piece  of  scarlet  cloth  fur  the  purpose 
of  niakiiiR  himself  a  coat,  ihinkiiiR  it  to  be  black,  until  a|iprised  by  iii.<  wife  tliat  it  would 
be  a  nuicli  more  suitable  uniform  for  a  Hritish  ollicer  than  for  a  dress  co.it  for  a 
clergyman. 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


6i 


ted  to  for 
the  west- 
con  sum  p- 

the  river, 

since  its 

,  whether 

sts  estab- 

d  a  settle- 

jal  settle- 

d  to  inci- 

as  visited 

itting  hay 

d  in  May, 

irborough, 

765,  saw- 

oster  and 

hers  were 

le  River ; 

idividuals 

ance.     It 

ist  of  the 

lere  was 

771,  and 

g;c  Jones 

H'rc    HI., 

made  by 
three  of 
within 

between  llie 
tlie  purpose 
ilut  it  would 
s  coat   for  a 


this  countv,  and  were  conditional,  but  were  confirmed  in 
17S5.  The  whole  island  of  Mount  Desert,  granted  to  Gov- 
ernor Bernard  in  1762,  had  been  confiscated.  One-half, 
however,  was  restored  to  his  son  in  1785,  in  consequence  of 
his  unchanging  adherence  to  the  American  cause  during  the 
war.  An  unexpected  claim  for  the  rest  was  made  by  the 
heirs  of  La  Motte  Cadillac,  under  a  patent  made  to  him  by 
the  French  king,  in  April,  1G91.  It  would  have  been  too 
obsolete  and  antiquated  to  be  regarded;  but  the  government 
was  so  well  disposed  "  to  cultivate  mutual  confidence  and  the 
union  between  the  subjects  of  His  Most  Christian  Majesty 
and  the  citizens  of  this  State  "  that  the  General  Court  first 
naturalized  the  petitioners,  and  then  quit-claimed  all  the 
interest  of  the  State  to  them,  reserving  only  to  actual  set- 
tlers lots  of  one  hundred  acres  each.  The  same  year  the 
General  Court  granted  No.  3,  now  Charlotte,  to  the  repre- 
sentatives of  Captain  William  Tyng  and  his  company,  in 
consideration  of  their  services  and  sufferings  during  a  dan- 
gerous pursuit  of  the  Indian  enemy,  upon  snow-shoes,  in  the 
tirst  winter  of  Queen  Anne's  War,  in  1704.  In  17S6,  fifty 
townships  between  the  Penobscot  and  Schoodic,  being  about 
eleven  hundred  thousand  acres,  were  disposed  of  by  lot- 
tery, every  ticket  at  ;^6o  drawing  a  ])rize  of  from  half  a  mile 
s(|uari'  to  a  whole  township.  Among  these  were  the  towns 
of  Cooper,  Alexander,  Crawford,  and  others  in  the  eastern 
pan  of  this  county. 

In  17S2,  Courts  of  Common  Pleas  were  established  in  the 
se\eral  counties  in  Massachusetts,  with  jurisdiction  of  all 
actions  above  forty  shillings,  which  two  }ears  afterward 
was  enlarged  to  four  pounds.  There  being  then  but  three 
counties  in  Maine,  the  nearest  court  was  at  Pownalborough, 
now  Wiscasset.  About  this  time,  the  people  eastward  of  the 
Penobscot  petitioned  the  General  Court  to  enlarge  the  juris- 
tliction  of  justices  of  the  peace  among  them  to  ^'lo,  and  to 


I* 


6» 


KASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


establish  the  usual  County  Courts  in  that  quarter,  with  the 
right  of  appeal  to  the  Supreme  Court  at  Boston.  The 
records  of  the  Supreme  Judicial  Court  were  all  kept  at 
Boston  till  the  year  1797,  when  they  were  distributed  to  the 
several  counties. 

The  county  of  Washington  was  organized  in  the  spring 
of  1790,  with  a  Court  of  Common  Pleas  at  Machias,  which 
sat  twice  a  year  for  three  years,  after  which  there  was  but 
one  term  annually  till  1807,  when  a  second  term  was  added. 

In  1783,  the  Supreme  Court  was  held  once  a  year  in  each 
of  the  counties  of  York  and  Cumberland.  In  1786  a  term 
of  that  court  was  established  at  Wiscasset,  in  1800  at  Cas- 
tine,  and  in  182 1  at  Machias.  There  were  probably  not  so 
many  inhabitants  in  the  whole  county  of  Washington  at  its 
organization  in  1790  (being  2,758)  as  there  are  now  in  the 
town  of  ICastport. 

'i'he  question  of  the  separation  of  Maine  and  Massachu- 
setts was  first  agitated  in  1785.  To  aid  the  object,  the  Fal- 
iiioiit/i  Gazette  was  established  at  Portland,  being  the  first 
newsjjaper  printed  in  this  State.  But  the  project  was  op- 
posed both  by  the  governor  and  General  Court,  and  was 
abandoned  in  1787,  on  finding  that  the  votes  were  only  349 
in  favor  and  645  against  it.  It  was  revived  again  in  18 16, 
when  the  votes  were  for  it  i  1,969,  and  against  it  10,347, 
which  not  being  five-ninths  of  the  whole  number  given  in,  it 
did  not  prevail.  It  was  again  called  up  in  1S19,  when  the 
votes  were:  yeas,  9,959:  nays,  7,132.  A  convention  was 
called  on  the  1  ah  of  October,  and  a  constitution  formed, 
which  being  afterward  approved  by  the  people,  Maine  be- 
came a  separate  State  on  the  15th  of  March,  1S20.  The 
votes  in  this  town,  in  1819,  were  for  separation  147,  and 
against  it  5.  The  town  did  not  act  at  all  in  the  former 
trials. 

The  oldest  city  in    New  England,  if  not    in    the    United 


jJ0 


WESTON  S    HISTORV 


63 


with  the 

n.      The 

kept   at 

ed  to  the 

16  spring 
as,  which 
!  was  but 

15  added, 
r  in  each 

16  a  term 
0  at  Cas- 
)ly  not  so 
ton  at  its 
ow  in  the 

vlassachu- 
i,  the  Fal- 
the  first 
was  op- 
and  was 
only  349 
n  in  x8i6, 

t  10,347. 
ivcn  in,  it 
when  the 
ition  was 
formed, 
Maine  be- 
IS20.  The 
147,  and 
le  former 


"J. 


% 


States,  was  in  the  State  of  Maine.  The  settlement  at 
A<'-amenticus.  now  the  town  of  York,  was  made  a  city  March 
I,  1642,  with  a  mayor,  recorder,  twelve  aldermen,  twenty- 
four  common  councilmen,  and  other  officers.  Winthrop,  in 
his  Journal,  contemptuously  says  they  have  "lately  made 
Agamenticus,  a  ■  poor  village,  a  corporation,  and  a  tailor 
tiieir  mayor."'  In  1644,  a  woman  was  tried  in  the  mayor's 
court  for  the  murder  of  her  husband,  condemned  and  exe- 
cuted. The  city  lasted  about  ten  years,  under  the  name  of 
"Georgina,"  when  it  was  changed  to  a  town  by  the  name 


of  York. 


ir 


United 


The  earliest  permanent  settlement  in  this  bay  was  made 
on  Campobello,  at  Harbor  de  Lute,  or  Otter  Harbor,  as  the 
name  imports,  prior  to  the  Revolutionary  War.  by  the  Cam- 
pobello Company  and  a  considerable  trade  was  carried  on 
there.  St.  Andrews  was  settled  about  1784,  principally  by 
Loyalists  from  the   United  States. 

Ivistport,  Moose  Island,  is  situated  in  the  Bay  of  Passama- 
quoddy  between  the  mainland,  on  the  westward  and  south- 
ward, and  the  British  islands  of  Deer  Island,  Indian  Island, 
and  Campobello,  on  the  northward  and  eastward.  It  lies 
soutli-east  and  north-west,  is  four  and  a  half  miles  in  length 
from  the  salt-works  to  the  bridge,  and  it  nowhere  exceeds 
one  mile  and  a  quarter  in  breadth.  The  exterior  form  is 
extremely  irregular;  and  its  surface  is  diversified  with  swells, 
hills,  and  vallejs,  containing  about  nineteen  hundred  and 
ten  acres.  It  is  the  smallest  town  in  territorial  extent  in 
the  State.  The  village  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  south- 
erly and  easterly  part  of  the  islaml  facing  the  harbor,  which 
is  safe  and  capacious,  being  entirely  land-locked.  It  pre- 
sents a  fine  view,  particularly  in  approaching  it  from  the 
eastward.  There  is  a  regular  ascent  from  the  water  to  the 
rear  of  the  village.  From  the  garrison  on  Fort  Hill  are  pre- 
sented some  delightful  views  and  landscapes  for  the  pencil 


%,ff 


I 


/■  J 


64 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


I      ^1 


of  the  painter  as  well  as  for  the  admirers  of  nature.  All  ves- 
sels arriving  and  departing  are  seen  to  great  advantage,  and 
the  many  islands  scattered  over  the  bay  add  greatly  to  the 
beauty  of  the  scenery.  Todd's  Head,  so  called,  is  the  east- 
ernmost point  of  land  in  the  United  States.*  The  temper- 
ature is  variable,  subject  to  frequent  and  sudden  changes  : 
and  in  summer,  particularly,  the  air  is  humid.  It  is  about 
ten  degrees  warmer  in  winter  and  cooler  in  summer  than  it 
is  at  Dennysville  or  Calais,  probably  owing  to  its  insular  sit- 
uation and  prevalence  of  foggy  weather.  It  is  healthy,  nor 
is  there  any  disease  peculiar  to  this  part  of  the  country. 
The  great  mass  of  the  population  is  at  present  under  middle 
age,  but  there  are  many  instances  of  longevity  among  our 
predecessors.  It  is  believed  there  are  now  living  about 
eighteen  persons  who  were  heads  of  families  here  in  1800. 
Of  these,  three  are  widowers,  fi\e  widows,  and  there  are  five 
instances  in  which  both  the  husband  and  wife  are  living. 
The  annual  number  of  deaths,  including  casualties,  is  be- 
lieved to  be  from  seventy  to  seventy-five. 

The  earliest  settlers  of  Eastport  were  principally  fisher- 
men from  Lynn,  Marblehead,  Cape  Ann,  Newburyport, 
Portsmouth,  and  its  vicinity,  who  located  themselves  on 
Moose  Island  for  greater  convenience  in  taking  and  curing 
fish,  about  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War.  Of  the 
settlers  prior  to  the  year  1790,  very  few  remain;  and  they 
are  tottering  under  the  weight  of  years.  It  is  worthy  of 
remark  that,  almost  without  exception,  they  attained  to  a 
great  age,  most  of  them  beyond  threescore  and  ten,  and 
several  more  than  fourscctfe.  Mr.  Shackford  and  Mr.  Tut- 
tle  came  here  in  the  fall  of  17S3,  when  there  were  but  hve 
families  on  the  island,  and  it  is  believed  still  fewer  at  Lubec. 

•This  staleiiieiit,  iIioukIi  in  accord.ince  with  thi:  general  beliof  at  that  time,  is  an 
error.  West  Quoddy  Head  (Indian  name  Chebiirn),  in  laibec,  whicli  was  (in.;inally  a 
part  of  Eastjiort,  is  tho  real  eastern  oiitiiost  of  our  country,  beinj;  more  than  a  mile 
further  cast  than  Todd's  Head. —  K. 


J 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


6 


'0 


on 


In  1790  there  were  aboiu  twenty-one  or  twenty-two  fami- 
lies on  tile  island  ;  and  the  settlers  up  to  that  period,  and 
even  later,  were  citizens  of  the  United  States,  with  one  or 
two  exceptions. 

The  settlement  on  the  main,  now  Lubec,  was  somewhat 
later,  and  by  a  different  class  of  ]:)ersons,  beini;-  cultivators  of 
the  soil,  and  resorting  to  boat-tlshery  to  supply  the  defi- 
ciency of  their  agricultural  pursuits.  They  were  from  Lynn, 
Goldsborough,  and  the  vicinity  of  Castine. 

There  were  also  several  families  from  Cumberland,  ai  the 
head  of  the  IJay  of  Fundy,  who,  after  the  unsuccessful  attack 
on  the  fort  there,  abandoning  their  homes,  propert}',  and 
friends,  joined  the  colonies  in  the  war  for  independence. 
Two  of  these  yet  survive.  The  rest  have  descended  to  the 
grave.  The  survivors  are  L.  F.  Delesdernier,  F>sq.,  and 
Captain  Benjamin  Reynolds,  each  aged  eighty-two  years. 

The  history  of  land  titles  in  Fastpon  anil  Lubec  is  differ- 
ent from  that  of  any  town  in  the  county,  and  probably  in  the 
State.  Most  of  the  townships  in  the  State,  especially  since 
the  grant  of  large  tracts,  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hun- 
dred years  ago,  have  been  granted  to  individuals,  to  com- 
panies, or  to  literary  institutions,  and  fifty  disposed  of  by 
lottery.  The  township  No.  S,  now  P^astport  and  Lubec,  had 
ne\er  been  disposed  of  by  the  State  ;  and  the  settlers  for  the 
first  ten  or  twelve  years  were  what  are  usually  called  squat- 
ters,—  that  is,  persons  entering  upon  and  occupying  land  to 
which  they  have  no  title,  nor  any  agreement  with  the  owner 
to  purchase,  and  without  his  consent. 

By  a  resolve  passed  by  the  General  Court,  June  iS,  1791, 
a  committee  of  five  persons  was  appointed  to  la\-  out  the 
whole  township  into  lots  of  one  hundred  acres  each  (which 
was  done  by  Mr.  Solomon  Cushing,  between  that  time  and 
1S09  or  18 10,  in  six  divisions),  so  as  best  to  include  the 
improvements  of  each  settler.     And  the  land  agents  gave  a 


^r^^ 


'^^ 


66 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMA(  )UODDY 


deed  of  a  lot  to  each,  on  payment  of  five  dollars  (and  the 
expenses  of  the  survey),  and  afterward,  by  subsequent  re- 
solves, to  later  settlers;  then  to  their  sons,  and  to  others  so 
late  as  iSio  or  1812,  on  payment  of  the  same  sum  and 
interest.  These  deeds  were  given  in  pursuance  of  certifi- 
cates granted  by  the  land  committee  here,  so  that  tlie  title 
to  all  the  lands  in  Mastport  and  Lubec  is  derived  directly 
from  the  State  to  individuals,  except  a  lew  lots  in  Lubec, 
which  were  not  taken  up,  and  which  were  sold  at  auction  by 
the  land  agents  of  Massachusetts  and  Maine,  after  the  sepa- 
ration. Moose  Island,  being  the  first  division,  was  surveyed 
and  run  out  into  twenty-four  lots.  One  only  of  the  original 
lots  remains  entire;  and  that  is  still  in  the  hands  of  the  orig- 
inal grantee,  Jacob  Lincoln. 

It  is  justly  a  matter  of  surprise  and  regret  that  the  streets 
in  the  town  are  so  irregular  and  contracted,  and  so  ill- 
adapted  to  the  wants  and  conveniences  of  the  inhabitants. 
The  reason  to  be  assigned  for  it  is  probably  this  :  that  the 
early  settlers  did  not  look,  prospectively,  to  the  growth  and 
improvement  of  the  town,  and  did  not  anticipate  its  future 
size  and  population.  They  consulted  convenience  in  select- 
ing places  for  the  prosecution  of  their  business  rather  than 
order  and  regularity  in  laying  out  the  town.  A  log-house 
erected  at  a  small  e.xpense,  and  perhaps  a  smoke  and  fish 
house  to  cure  their  fish,  claimed  their  first  attention,  and 
sufficed  for  them.  Their  object  seemed  to  be  present  per- 
sonal convenience  ;  and  they  built  as  that  convenience  re- 
quired, without  looking  to  the  future,  till  the  land,  especially 
near  the  shore,  became  so  valuable  that  it  could  not  be  ob- 
tained for  the  public  accommodation.  Besides,  they  thought 
of  no  other  mode  of  conveyance  or  travelling  than  by  water. 
Then  boats  comprised,  or  were  rather  substitutes  for,  horses 
and  carriages  of  every  description  ;  and  I  well  remember  the 
surprise,  curiosity,  and  even  fear  excited  by  a  horse  that  was 


:W 


.1 

J 


'% 


Weston's  historv 


67 


1  and 
fiuure 
select- 
ihaii 
house 
d  fish 
>n,  and 
t  per- 
cc  re- 
jcially 
be  ob- 
lought 
water, 
horses 
■)er  the 
at  was 


brought  on  the  island  in  1S04.*  Foot-paths  througli  the 
woods  or  stumps  were  the  only  communication  by  land,  or 
substitute  for  highways.  The  road  from  the  bridge  to  Den- 
nysville  was  laid  out  about  1806.  I  was  the  first  person  who 
went  to  Machias,  the  whole  distance  by  land,  in  August  of 
that  year.  The  road  to  Robbinston  was  opened  two  or 
three  years  later.  Before  that,  it  was  necessary  to  go  on  the 
beach  by  the  shore. 

The  first  road  laid  out  in  P^astport  was  in  1799,  nearly 
twenty  3'ears  after  the  first  settlement ;  but  it  was  done  in  so 
vague  and  indefinite  a  manner  that  it  would  be  impossible  to 
say  where  it  was.  The  return  of  the  road,  as  made  by  the 
selectmen,  reads  thus:  "Beginning  at  Mr.  James  Cochran's 
spring,  between  Captain  Prince's  house  and  the  house  Mr. 
Henry  Waid  now  lives  in,  and  running  northerly  between 
said  Cochran's  house  and  his  old  hovel,  and  just  to  the 
westward  of  Mr.  Samuel  Tuttle's  barn,  through  the  corner 
of  his  potato  field,  to  the  west  corner  of  Mr.  Shackford's  field 
—  through  ]Mr.  Shackford's  field  west  of  the  new  fence  — 
through  Mr.  Boynton's  and  Mr.  Henry  Poor's  land  to  the 
notch  in  Mr.  William  Clark's  mountain,  so  called  —  through 
said  notch,"  etc.,  to  the  upper  end  of  the  island.  The  next 
was  Water  Street,  from  Mr.  Shackford's  to  Mr.  Todd's  north 
line  (near  the  poorhouse),  in  October,  1803,  twenty-four  feet 
wide.  I'oynton  Street  was  laid  out  in  1S04,  Key  Street  in 
1805,  Washington  Street  in  1807.  Gates  and  bars  were 
suffered  to  remain  across  the  roads  till  the  spring  of  1808, 
when,  bv  a  vote  of  the  town,  thev  were  ordered  to  be  re- 
moved.  There  are  now  about  twelve  miles  of  roads  and 
streets  in  the  town,  covering  about  fifty-nine  acres. 

*  Samuel  Jones,  of  Robbinston,  swam  his  horse  across  the  ch.iiiiiL'l  from  Pleasant 
Point  to  Carlow's  Island,  and  .ode  along  the  bars  and  beaches  and  through  the  wciikU 
to  town.  The  late  O.  .S.  Livermore  told  nie  of  his  going  with  other  children  to  see  the 
straii;j;e  animal  in  a  barn,  and  that  one  little  fellow,  who  saw  Mr.  Jones  pass,  ran  homo 
shuuting  to  his  mother,  "There  goes  a  man  sitting  on  a  cow  that  ain't  got  any 
horns.'' —  k. 


f  'V* 


/  ' 


u  i  f^  ti 


I 


68 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


A  gradual  and,  at  certain  periods,  a  rapid  increase  in 
wealth  and  population  has  taken  place  from  the  first  settle- 
ment. The  plantation  No.  8  was  incorporated  into  a  town 
by  the  name  of  Eastport  in  February,  1798,  and  included 
Lubec,  which  was  set  off  as  a  separate  town  in  June,  181 1. 
It  is  the  fifth  town  incorporated  in  the  county.  There  are 
now  thirty  towns.  The  number  of  families  in  17S5  was  ten 
or  twelve,  and  the  number  of  inhabitants  about  seventy-tive. 
In  1790  there  were  about  twenty-one  or  twenty-two  families 
on  Moose  Island,  and  twelve  to  fifteen  on  the  mainland, 
and  244.  inhabitants,  having  more  than  trebled  in  five  years. 
In  1800  there  were  563,  having  more  than  doubled  in  ten 
years;  in  iSio,  1,511  having  almost  trebled  in  ten  years. 
In  1820,  Eastport  had  1,937,  and  Lubec  1,430,  making 
3,367,  more  than  double  in  these  ten  years.  In  1830,  East- 
port  had  2,450,  and  Lubec  1,535,  making  3,985, —  exhibit- 
ing a  gain,  in  the  last  ten  years,  of  seven  and  one-third  per 
cent,  in  Lubec,  and  of  twenty-six  and  one-half  per  cent,  in 
Eastport. 

About  ten  or  twelve  years  elapsed  before  a  framed  dwell- 
ing-house was  erected  in  the  town.  The  first  was  built  by 
a  Mr.  Currj',  near  where  the  Widow  Herrington  now  lives, 
but  was  soon  taken  down.  The  next  was  built  by  Mr. 
Shackford,  and  was  standing  till  very  recently.  The  oldest 
house  now  standing  is  believed  to  be  in  Water  Stree*  ■ 
the  bottom  of  Boynton  .Street.  The  first  two-st''iry  >' 
houses  were  those  built  by  Captain  Leavit 
works,  and  by  Colonel  Shead,  now  Mr.  Nat  liucix 
in  the  year  1802  ;  the  next  by  Mr.  Earl,  li  i\v  Mr. 
Gould's,  and  by  Mr.  Hayden  in  1S05  ;  the  fifth  b; 
Burgin,  now  General  Peavey's,  in  1807.* 


.Il- 
l's, 

icob 


ucige 


*Tlie  Hayden  house  lias  been  nindernizerl  by  General  S.  D.  Leavitt,  who  now  owns 
and  occupies  it;  and  the  changes  in  the  Shead  house  by  its  present  owner,  Mr.  E.  A. 
Holmes,  have  nearly  destroyed  its  identity.  None  of  the  other  houses  mentioned  are 
now  standing. —  k. 


t 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


'9 


2ase  in 
settle- 
a  town 
ncluded 
e,  1811. 
ere  are 
.vas  ten 
nty-five. 
families 
ainland, 
e  years. 

I  in  ten 

II  years, 
making 

;o,  East- 

-exliibit- 

hird  per 

cent,  in 

dwell- 
Duilt  by 
i\v  lives, 
by  Mr. 

oldest 


i.icob 
I  udge 


3  now  owns 
Mr.  E.  A. 
itioned  are 


There  are  no  data  to  show  the  progressive  improvements 
and  cultivation  of  the  land,  either  as  to  the  manner  or  cjuan- 
tity.  'I'he  valuations  of  1800,  1810,  and  1S20  for  State  pur- 
poses cannot  be  found. 

The  account  of  property,  as  taken  in  the  summer  of  1S30, 
for  the  State  valuation,  states  it  to  be  126  acres  of  tillage, 
yielding  15  bushels  of  corn,  530  of  oats,  and  9,636  bushels  of 
potatoes ;  35S  acres  of  mowing,  producing  304  tons  oi  hay  ; 
4S2  acres  of  jjasturage,  21S  of  wood-land,  488  of  unim- 
proved land,  139  acres  of  waste  or  unimprovable  land,  and 
about  40  acres  in  house  lots,  gardens,  etc. ;  209  dwelling- 
houses,  72  barns,  34  stores  and  shops,  11  warehouses,  2 
brick-yards,  i  ship-yard,  1 17,530  superficial  feet  of  wharf,  45 
horses,  25  pair  of  oxen,  150  cows,  23  young  cattle,  101  sheep. 
There  are  now  about  fifteen  dwelling-houses  standing,  of 
those  built  thirty  years  ago. 

Great  attention  has  been  bestowed  on  the  subject  of  edu- 
cation. Primary  instruction  in  our  schools  has  been  an 
object  of  paramount  consideration,  and  carefully  attended 
to  by  the  inhabitants,  to  the  full  extent  of  their  ability.  The 
lown  was  early  divided  into  school  districts,  of  which  there 
were  three  on  Moose  Island.  The  inhabitants  on  the  main- 
land objecting  to  raise  much  money  by  the  town  for  schools, 
as  they  could  not  be  much  benefited  by  it,  owing  to  their 
thin  and  scattered  population,  application  was  made  to  the 
General  Court  for  power  to  raise  money  by  the  districts  on 
Moose  Island,  for  the  support  of  schools,  in  addition  to  the 
sums  raised  by  the  town,  which  was  granted  .by  an  act 
passed  Feb.  28,  1807,  the  first  of  the  kind  ever  passed,  but 
which  has  since  been  followed  by  many  similar  ones  in  dif- 
ferent parts  of  the  State.  There  are  four  public  school- 
iiouses  in  the  south  school  district,  which  embraces  all  that 
part  of  the  town  southward  of  the  old  burying-ground ;  and 
money  has  been  raised  for  building  a  fifth.     There  are  also 


1 
1 


Im 


/    I 


70 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


four  private  school-houses,  besides  the  two  in  Trescott  Hall, 
where  instruction  is  given  in  the  higher  branches  of  educa- 
tion, to  youth  of  both  sexes,  separate  from  each  other.  But 
all  these  are  inadequate  to  the  accommodation  of  the 
scholars,  and  several  rooms  in  private  houses  are  occupied 
as  places  of  instruction.  The  number  of  scholars  between 
the  ages  of  four  and  twenty-one  is  in  the  north  district,  70  ; 
in  the  middle  district,  84;  in  the  south  district,  970,  making 
a  total  of  1,124. 

Connected  with  the  subject  of  education,  I  would  men- 
tion the  Eastport  Athenaeum,  now  an  incorporated  institu- 
tion,* commenced  about  thirteen  years  since  by  a  few  young 
men,  who  associated  for  the  purpose  of  procuring  some  of 
the  best  periodical  publications  of  the  day,  as  well  as  stand- 
ard works  of  liternture  and  taste,  under  the  name  of  the 
"Club."'  Their  numbers  soon  increased,  and  there  are  now 
about  forty  members,  with  a  well-selectetl  library  of  about 
nine  hundred  volumes,  wiiich  is  annually  increasing;  and 
a  considerable  number  of  elegant  and  spirited  engravings 
adorn  their  room.  It  is  highly  creditable  to  the  proprietors 
and  beneficial  to  the  public,  by  dilYusing  information  and 
creating  a  taste  for  reading  in  the  community. 

There  are  two  printing-offices,  one  established  in  18 18, 
the  other  in  182S,  each  of  which  has  since  issued  a  weekly 
newspaper ;  t  i^»d,  connected  with  one  of  these  a  reading- 
room,  where  may  be  found  papers  printed  in  most  of  the 
States  in  the  Union. 

In  1794,  a  house  for  public  worship  was  erected  by  a  few 
individuals,  at  the  bend  of  the  road,  a  little  north  of  the 
burying-ground,    and    religious    instruction    given    there    till 

•This  extensive  colleclion  of  bookh,  with  the  uxcention  of  .i  few  xohnues  wliich  .ire 
now  in  the  Eastport  Public  Library,  was  destroyed  in  the  (ire  of  18O4. —  k. 

t  The  Eastjiort  Sentinel,  establislied  in  :8iS,  is  htiii  published.  lint  the  Northern 
Light,  started  in  182S,  after  a  few  years  was  transferred  to  Calais,  and  absorbed  by  the 
Frontier  Journal ,  whic'.i  was  discontinMed  several  years  later. —  k. 


WESTON  .S    HISTORY 


71 


.■ading- 
of  the 


a  few 

of  the 

:ie    till 


\  or  I  hern 
K\\  bv  the 


1814, —  not,  however,  permanently,  but  by  missionaries  and 
itinerant  j^reachers  j  and,  for  a  number  of  years,  probably  one- 
iialf  the  hearers  were  from  the  mainland  and  neighboring 
islands.  On  the  21st  of  August,  1800,  a  town  meeting  was 
held,  "  to  see  if  the  town  will  agree  to  give  Mr.  James  Mur- 
phy, of  Steuben,  a  call  to  settle  in  said  town  as  minister  of 
the  gospel,  and  maintain  him  by  a  town  tax."  The  vote  on 
tlie  question  was  in  the  negative. 

In  1807,  an  association  of  eighteen  persons,  without  re- 
j;ard  to  theological  differences  of  opinion,  purchased  a  lot 
of  land  where  the  Baptist  meeting-house  now  stands,  and 
procured  material  for  a  large  house  of  public  worship  ;  but 
the  passage  of  the  embargo  laws  in  the  winter  of  1807-8 
defeated  the  object,  and  the  materials  were  disposed  of. 
Ill  181 1,  a  similar  association  purchased  the  land  where  the 
I'nitarian  meeting-house  now  stands,  and  agreed  with  a  Mr. 
Ilovcy  to  erect  a  house  there  in  1812.  The  house  was 
framed  at  Machias,  and  nearly  prepared  for  raising ;  but  the 
declaration  of  war  in  June,  1812,  again  defeated  the  object. 
The  Unitarian  and  I'"ree-will  Baptist  meeting-houses  were 
erected  in  1819;  the  Baptist  house,  in  1820;  the  Central 
meeting-house  and  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  in  1828. 

The  Rev.  Ilosea  Wheeler  was  settled  over  the  Baptist 
cliiirch  and  society  Oct.  9,  1822,  and  died  Jan.  27,  1823. 
The  Rev.  Charles  Robinson  was  ordained  over  the  I'nita- 
rian society  Oct.  30,  1822,  and  dismissed  by  mutual  consent 
.April  5,  1828.  The  Rev.  Wakefield  Gale  was  ordained  over 
the  Central  church  and  society  Feb.  19,  1829.  'i'he  Rev. 
I'.dward  H.  Edcs  was  ordained  over  the  Unitarian  church 
.ind  society  Nov.  15,  1832.  The  two  last  named  still  con- 
tinue their  [pastoral  relations.  There  has  been  no  other 
settled  minister  in  the  town.  The  other  societies  are  usually 
supplied  from  year  to  year,  or  by  missionaries,  without  a 
iierinanent  settlement. 


■fft 


■•■'iiti 


/  I 


7- 


KASTI'OKT    AND    l'ASSAMA<^)L'OI)l)V 


'I'he  oldest  church  is  the  IJaptist,  organi/cd  Aug.  S  179S, 
and  has  about  one  hundred  and  fifteen  Tnenil)ers.  'I'ne  otiier 
Baptist  church  was  organized  April  t\o,  181G,  and  has  about 
one  hundred  and  fifteen  members;  the  Central  church, 
Feb.  8,  18 19,  and  has  about  sixty-seven  members:  and  the 
I'liitarian.  the  :!5th  of  T-'ebruary,  1S21,  and  has  about  forty 
members. 

No  documents  remain  to  show  the  expenditures  or  ex- 
jDcnses  of  the  plantation,  prior  tr)  the  incorporation  of 
the  town,  or,  indeed,  the  amount  raised  or  expended  for 
any  purjjose  till  the  year  1799.  In  that  year,  it  was  voted 
to  raise  $50  for  powder  and  cam])  ecjuipage,  $13.60  for 
sealed  weights  and  measures,  and  $30  for  expense  of  town 
otiicers,  etc.  In  iSoo,  $50  was  voted  for  town  charges. 
For  ten  years  after  the  town  was  incorp(jrated,  all  I^ills 
against  the  town  were  examined,  and  allowed  at  the  annua! 
town  meetings.  In  1801,  the  amount  allf)wed  was  $15.91, 
which  included  $8  for  recording  births  and  deaths;  in  1802, 
$16.78;  in  1803,  $82.49,  including  $35  for  one  pauper;  in 
1804,  $63.33,  including  $24.48  for  one  pauj^er;  in  1805. 
$111.64,  including  $68.14  f'""  poor;  in  1S06,  $83.68,  includ- 
ing $28.93  for  one  pauper.  In  1807,  the  total  was  $125.04; 
and  in  1808,  $117.42.  'J'hese  sums  included  all  but  what 
was  raised  for  roads,  schools,  etc.  In  1810,  17,1  per  cent, 
discount  was  allowed  lo  those  living  on  Moose  Island,  and 
37^  per  cent,  to  those  on  the  main,  on  payment  of  their 
taxes  within   thirty  days. 

The  annual  State  tax  for  this  town,  up  to  iSoo,  was  $20; 
thence  to  1810,  $78.66;  from  1810  to  1820,  S120.S9. 
Since  the  separation  from  1820  to  1830,  the  average  has 
been  $390.42  :  and,  since  1830,  $327.87  annually.  The 
annual  avi-rage  of  the  county  tax  up  to  1820  cannot  be  ascer- 
tained with  any  degree  of  accuracy.  I'roni  1820  to  1830,  the 
lowest   was   $507.3),   the   highest   $931.92.   and    the    annual 


WESTON  S    HISTORV 


73 


averajxe  $665.85.  During  tliese  ten  years,  this  town  paid 
more  than  one-sixth  part  of  the  whole  county  taxes.  Since 
1S30,  the  annual  average  has  been  $481.09.  The  ratio 
has  increased  from  one-fourth  of  one  per  cent,  to  Si. 0097, 
or  nearly  two  per  cent,  on  the  valuation  or  inventory, 
besides  the  poll-taxes.  For  the  last  fifteen  years,  the  low- 
est tax  assessed  on  the  town  was  $3,776.02,  the  highest 
>7,49S.o4,  exhibiting  an  aggregate  of  $78,652.59,  and  an 
average  of  $5,243.50  for  each  year.  These  sums,  however, 
do  not  include  what  is  paid  for  the  support  of  the  ministry, 
for  private  schools,  and  the  great  variety  of  other  purposes 
for  which  money  is  voluntaril}-  paid  or  contributed,  and 
whi(-h  probably  amounts  to  an  ecjual  sum. 

The  state  of  political  feeling  was  very  fluctuating  for 
several  years  after  the  incorporation  of  the  town.  The  first 
vote  was  for  State  officers  in  April,  1799,  when  Strong,  the 
Federal  candidate,  recei\ed  the  whole  twentv-eiirht  for  gov- 
ernor;  in  1800,  Strong  eleven,  and  his  opponent,  Gerry, 
twem3--nine.  In  1801,  Strong  received  the  whole  forty-four ; 
in  [S02,  Strong  twenty-two,  and  derr}'  nine.  In  1S03, 
Strong  received  the  whole  forty-six;  yet  in  Xovember  of  the 
same  year  the  votes  for  electf)r  of  President  were  thirty  to 
ii\e  on  the  other  side,  .\gain,  in  1804  Strong  received  the 
whole  thirt}-eight  ;  in  1805,  Strong  twenty-three,  Sullivan 
thirty-two.  In  1S06,  Strong  ami  Sullivan  each  twenty-seven. 
I'rom  1S07  to  1813  there  was  a  Democratic  majority,  nearly 
as  three  to  two.  In  1814.  Strong  had  sixty-eight  votes,  one 
more  than  his  opponent,  Mr.  13exter.  The  highest  number 
of  votes  given  was  in  18 12,  being  one  luindred  and  seventy- 
three.  Eastport  was  first  represented  in  the  legislature  of 
Massachusetts  in  1807  by  Colonel  Shead,  and  again  in  1809 
and  iSioj  in  iSi  r,  by  Messrs.  Shead  and  Delesdernier:  in 
1812,  by  Messrs.  Delesdernier  and  Feland  ;  in  1813,  by  Mr. 
Weston;  and,  in  1819,  by  Mr.  IJartlett. 


:titS  M 


>   ■M 


/i 


WT 


74 


EASTPORT    AND    PA.SSAMA(,)CODDV 


The  town  has  not  been  exempt  from  loss  of  property  and 
life  by  fire,  though  it  has  suffered  less  than  might  have  been 
expected  from  its  exposure  to  that  element.  The  first  build- 
ing burned  was  a  log-house,  near  the  late  Mr.  Kendall's,  in 
which  a  child  of  the  late  Mr,  Waid  was  burned.  The  next 
was  the  house  of  Joseph  Prince,  Esq.,*  on  the  site  of  the 
one  occupied  by  Mr.  Rice  at  the  salt-works,  in  which  Mr. 
Prince  and  two  of  his  children  were  burned  (February,  1S03). 
The  rest  were  the  guard-house,  in  the  winter  of  1S14  or  1815, 
in  which  two  soldiers  were  burned;  the  stores  of  the  late  Mr. 
Kendall  and  the  large  one  of  Mr.  Hathaway;  the  houses  of 
Mr.  Bowman,  Mr.  Norwood,  Mr.  Whitney,  Mrs.  Trask,  Mr. 
I'ote,  and  of  S.  Bucknam,  J'',sq.,  also  a  school-house  standing 
on  the  site  of  the  large  one  in  High  Street.  The  aggregate 
loss  of  property  by  lire  is  estimated  at  about  $12,000  to 
$15,000. 

The  records  of  the  town  present  some  singular  entries. 
At  a  meeting  held  in  1798,  it  was  "voted  that  money  should 
be  raised  for  procuring  powder,  balls,  liints,  and  camp-ket- 
tles, agreeable  to  law,  for  the  militia  and  defence  of  the 
town."  "Voted,  there  shall  be  sixpence  in  the  pound  al- 
lowed the  collector,  receiving  and  paying  such  money,  as 
comes  into  his  hands  for  taxes."'  But  no  money  was  actu- 
ally raised  during  the  year  for  any  purpose  whatever.  At 
the  same  meeting,  the  record  proceeds,  "a  letter  was  pre- 
sented to  the  moderator  from  the  foreman  rrf  the  grand  jury, 
informing  the  selectmen  that  a  ,  ssentment  had  been  made 
against  the  town  for  neglecting  to  procure  ammunition,  etc., 
according  to  law.  After  some  conversation  respecting  the 
subject,  it  was  voted  that  the  selectmen  answer  the  letter  in 
behalf  of  the  town,  and  that  the  inhabitants  view  it  as  an 
insult  that  any  such  presentment  should  be  made  in  so  short 

•Mrs.  PriiK  1  and  tun  little  ^if's  tsciiied.  One  (if  tlu<  iatlcr  liecatiu'  tlie  wife  ol 
Ebetu'ier  Kvuntl,  ICsq.,  of  lininswick,  Me.  :  a,id  their  son,  Rev.  C.  C.  Everett,  D.U., 
i.s  Dtaii  of  llu'  I'lieoUigical  Filmol  of  Haivard  College  —  K 


Weston's  history 


75 


a  time  after  incorporation,  when  every  exertion  had  been 
inade  to  furnish  such  requisitions,  some  of  which  are  actually 
laid  in  ;  and  that  this  sentiment  of  the  inhabitants  should  be 
entered  upon  the  records."  On  the  same  day  is  the  follow- 
ing entry  in  the  records:  "The  Selectmen  called  upon  the 
meeting  to  bring  in  their  votes,  when  upon  their  being 
sorted  and  counted,  the  candidates  and  votes  stood  as  fol- 
lows, viz.,  Henry  Dearborn  thirty  votes,  Silas  Lee  no  votes ; 
when  the  Selectmen  proclaimed  Henry  Dearborn  a  major- 
ity of  the  town."  But  no  mention  is  made  of  any  office. 
Again,  the  record  of  another  meeting  is  as  follows  :  "  The 
wind  being  violent  and  boisterous  prevented  the  meeting  at 
the  time  appointed,  on  motion  and  seconded,  Mr.  Oliver 
Shead  was  chosen  moderator,"  etc.  I  will  make  one  more 
extract  of  some  interest  from  the  records.  From  1800  to 
1810,  inclusive,  there  were  one  hundred  and  eighty-one 
couples  published,  being  an  average  of  sixteen  antl  one-half 
couples  each  year.  From  18 10  to  1S20,  two  hundred  and 
twenty-seven  couples  ;  average,  twenty-two  and  seven-tenths. 
From  1820  to  1S30,  three  huuvl'-ed  and  thirty-seven  couples; 
average,  thirty-three  and  seven-tenths.  For  the  last  tiiree 
years,  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  couples ;  average,  forty- 
five, —  making  a  grnnd  total  of  eight  hundred  and  eighty 
couples. 

A  bridge  connecting  Moose  Island  with  the  nuunland  at 
Perry  was  built  in  1820.  Its  length  is  upward  of  twelve 
hundred  feet,  and  it  cost  $10,000.  A  second,  connecting  the 
island  with  the  main  at  Pleasant  Point  by  Carlow's  Island, 
Iniilt  in  1832,  is  about  nineteen  hundred  and  two  feet  in 
length,  and  cost  $i 0,000. 

Fort  Sullivan  was  built  in  1808,  under  the  superintendence 
of  the  late  Major  Trescott ;  and  a  company  of  United  Stales 
troops  were  first  stationed  here  in  the  spring  of  that  year, 
under   the    command   of   Captain    Swett.     Large    additions 


»^-  ■ill" " 


/I 


^ 


76 


EASTPORT    A\D    PAS.SAMM  U'ODDV 


were  made  to  the  works  by  the  British,  after  the  capture  of 
the  island.  Many  of  these  additions  have,  however,  since 
been  removed. 

A  post-oftice  was  established  at  Passamaquoddy  in  1794, 
and  Mr,  Delesdernier  appointed  postmaster,  who  kept  his 
ol'ficc  at  the  Narrows  (Luke  Point).  The  mail  then  came 
once  a  fortnight.  It  was  necessarily  brought  on  foot,  and  the 
carrier's  coat-pocket  answered  all  the  purposes  of  a  modern 
mail-bag.  That  office  was  discontinued  in  1805.  A  post- 
office  was  established  on  the  island  in  1S02,  and  Colonel 
Shead  appointed  postmaster.  The  mail  then  arrived  weekly. 
In  1S13  it  arrived  twice,  in  182 1   three  times  a  week,  and  in 

1833  (i^^'iy- 

Plxtensive  salt-works  were  established  at  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  in  1828,  where  are  manufactured  more 
than  one  thousand  bushels  of  salt  daily  from  the  mineral, 
imported  in  its  crude  state.  These  works  give  employment 
to  a  great  number  of  hands,  and  circulate  a  very  considera- 
ble amount  among  the  laboring  class  of  tli.'^  communitv. 

The  district  of  Passamaquoddy  was  established  in  1790, 
and  J  J.  V,  Delesdernier  (who  had  previously  been  navnl  ofli- 
cer  under  Massachusetts)  was  appointed  collector.  On  the 
I  St  of  July,  1S03,  it  was  made  a  jiort  of  entry  for  foreign 
vessels,  in  1804  there  were  only  three  vessels  owned  in 
Eastjjort,  then  including  Lubec,  altogether  about  eighty-five 
tons.  In  18 10,  the  number  of  vessels  or  tonnage  cannot  be 
ascertained.  In  1S20,  the  number  of  vessels  is  not  known; 
but  the  number  of  tons  was  six  hundred  and  twenty-three. 
In  1830  there  were  twenty-eight  vessels,  exceeding  three 
thousand  tons.  After  the  island  was  given  up  by  the  Brit- 
ish, in  1 8 18  to  1830,  and  chiefly  within  eight  or  nine  years 
of  the  last  date,  there  were  built  on  the  island  twenty-one 
vessels,  measuring  twenty-two  hundred  and  eight  tons  and 
averaging  one   hundred  and  five   tons  each  ;   and   in  other 


WESTON  S    HISTORY 


77 


parts  of  the  district,  in  the  same  period,  twenty-six  vessels, 
measuring  thirty-eight  hundred,  averaging  one  hundred  and 
forty-six  tons  each, —  in  all  exceeding  six  thousand  tons. 
During  the  last  three  years  there  were  built  in  the  whole 
district  forty-two  vessels,  averaging  one  hundred  and  fifty- 
one  tons  each,  making  an  aggregate  of  six  thousand  three 
hundred  and  sixty-one  tons.  On  the  ist  of  January  last 
there  were  permanently  registered,  enr')lled,  and  licensed  in 
this  district  three  ships,  sixteen  brigs,  eighty  schooners,  nine 
sloops,  one  steatT»boat,  making  in  all  one  hundred  and  nine 
vessels  and  ten  thousand  one  hundred  and  eighty  tons.  It 
will  be  a  matter  of  surprise  to  many  to  learn  that,  with  all 
the  trade  and  business  of  the  place,  only  three  vessels  en- 
tered here  from  any  foreign  port  or  place,  except  the  adjoin- 
ing British  provinces,  till  after  July,  1821.  These  were  the 
sloop  "Sumner,"  in  1804  or  1S05.  from  the  West  Indies, 
with  rum,  sugar,  etc.  :  the  brig  "  Mliza  Ann  '"  from  Cadiz, 
in  1S16.  in  ballast;  and  the  liritish  shii)  '•  Protector  "  from 
Liverpool,   in   1820,  with   salt. 

Since  1S2  i,  the  foreign  trade  has  greatly  increased.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  entries  at  the  custom- 
house, and  the  tonnage,  both  of  American  and  foreign  ves- 
sels, for  the  last  ten  years,  the  most  part  from  the  provinces, 
the  remainder  from  Liverpf>ol  and  the  West    Indies:  — 


American 

riirei^n 

Total 

Ve.irs. 

Hiitries. 

Tciiis. 

Ei'.tncjs. 

Tons. 

I'.iurios 

1S24 

139 

7.333I2 

5 

943-74 

'44 

1S25 

I  So 

9.777-70 

16 

1.362.27 

11)6 

I.S26 

237 

1^5,107.03 

4') 

2.357-54 

2.S6 

1S27 

169 

9.794-08 

-4 

-.'53-72 

'93 

182S 

164 

10,957-24 

S 

2.374-47 

172 

1829 

161 

i3.:^M-27 

12 

3,-152.86 

'73 

1830 

228 

17,651.50 

IS2 

'. 1.334- 'S 

110 

1831 

30 

3,.Soo.S7 

SS6 

56,076.90 

916 

1832 

44 

3'773-7f^ 

1,090 

66,987.76 

I.'  !l 

1^33 

3*5 

3-957-49 

U7^\ 

108,659.07 

1,820 

mm 


]  i 


/' 


78 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUOLDY 


The  great  decrease  of  the  number  of  entries  of  American 
vessels,  and  the  still  greater  increase  of  British  vessels,  is 
owing  to  the  admission  of  the  British  vessels  or.  the  same 
terms  as  our  own,  which  commer^ped  October,  1830.  Dur- 
ing the  last  year,  the  foreign  arrivals  at  Portland  were  one 
hundred  and  sixty-seven,  at  Boston  one  thousand  and  sixty- 
seven,  at  New  York  one  thousand  nine  hundred  and  twenty- 
five. 

There  are  two  periods  in  the  history  of  Eastport  which 
seem  to  require  a  more  particular  notice.  1  refer  to  those 
of  the  embargo  laws  and  the  late  war. 

The  embargo  law  passed  Dec.  22,  1807,  which  put  a  stop 
to  foreign  trade,  and  was  succeeded  by  four  others,  each 
increasing  the  restrictions  till  April,  1808,  when  the  coasting 
trade  was  almost  annihilated.  It  was  at  first  supposed  that 
its  operation  would  be  extremely  prejudicial  to  the  trade 
and  interests  of  the  place.  The  facilities  offered  for  export- 
ing property  across  the  lines,  and  thereby  evading  the  law, 
were  very  great.  Consequently,  immense  quantities  of  bread- 
stuffs  and  provisions  were  brought  here  before  the  enforcing 
act,  as  it  was  called,  passed.  Thirty  thousand  barrels  ar- 
rived here  in  one  week,  and  the  estimate  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  thousand  barrels  in  about  two  montJis  is  thought  to  be 
below  the  actual  quantity  piled  on  wharves,  etc.  Notwith- 
standing the  vigilance  of  the  officers  of  the  customs,  the 
whole  was  transported  across  the  lines.  Many  thousand 
barrels  were  carried  to  Indian  Island  and  Campobello,  at 
$1  a  barrel.  It  had  a  very  bad  effect  on  the  morals  and 
habits  of  the  people,  ft  lowered  the  standard  of  morals,  and 
introduced  some  vicious  habits,  which  often  attend  sudden 
acquisitions  of  property.  The  transactions  of  that  period 
gave  importance  to  the  place  abroad,  and  a  celebrity  and 
reputation  of  a  character  somewhat  ".spicious,  if  smuggling 
and  illicit  trade  be  taken  into  consideiation. 


WESTON  S    HISTORV 


79 


But  the  event  most  distressing  in  its  operation  and  most 
injurious  in  its  consequences  was  the  capture  of  the  island 
by  the  British.  War  was  declared  June  iS,  1S12;  and  the 
news  of  it,  which  reached  here  in  about  a  week,  occasioned 
a  general  panic.  About  one-third  of  the  inhabitants  left 
the  island  in  the  course  of  a  few  days ;  but  two  years  having 
elapsed,  and  a  good  understanding  maintained  with  our 
neighbors  on  the  British  side,  it  was  hoped  that  we  might 
escape  the  more  immediate  calamities  of  the  war.  ■  On  the 
nth  of  July,  1814,  a  fleet  was  seen  coming  round  Campo- 
bello  by  Head  Harbor,  which  at  first  was  supposed  to  be 
a  fleet  of  merchant-men  or  timber  ships,  bound  to  St.  An- 
drews under  the  convoy  of  a  frigate.  When  arrived  as  far 
as  Indian  Island,  a  sloop  of  war  was  desj'jatched  ahead,  with 
a  (lag  of  truce.  A  boat  landed  from  her  with  an  otiCicer,  who 
repaired  to  the  fort  with  a  summons  to  surrender ;  and  five 
minutes  were  allowed  the  commanding  officer  (Major  I'ut- 
nam)  to  consider,  and  accept  or  refuse  the  terms  offered. 
That  term  having  expired,  the  officer  returned  on  board. 
The  colors  were  hauled  down,  and  the  place  was  surren- 
dered. In  the  mean  time,  the  vessels,  about  ten  in  number, 
including  the  "Ramillie"'  seventy-four,  a  sloop  of  w^r,  a 
brig,  and  two  or  three  armed  schooners,  witli  the  transports 
for  the  troops,  anchored  off  the  town,  in  commanding  sit- 
uations, to  commence  the  attack,  should  it  become  neces- 
sary. The  American  troops  (about  sixly-five)  marched  out 
of  the  garrison  in  rear  of  the  officers'  quarters,  and  grounded 
their  arms.  The  officers  were  paroled,  and  the  men  sent 
prisoners  of  war  to  Halifax.  The  naval  force  was  com- 
manded by  Sir  T.  M.  Hard\- ;  and  the  land  forces,  consist- 
ing of  the  One  Hundred  and  Second  Regiment,  and  a 
detachment  of  the  artillery  and  engineers,  by  Colonel  I'ilk- 
ington.  The  troops  were  immediately  set  to  work  on  the 
fortifications,  which   were  greatly  enlarged  :    and    they  con- 


'!t*  I 


I  t 


il 


>j 


4^ 

i 
-J 


1    il- 


8o 


EASTI'ORT   AND    PASSAM AQUODDV 


tinned  till  the  frost  prevented  them  in  December,  and,  being 
without  barracks,  were  obliged  to  live  in  tents  till  some  time 
in  January.  The  real  estate  of  non-residents  was  taken  pos- 
session c)l,  and  occupied  by  the  officers  and  troops.  Private 
property  was  generally  respected. 

For  four  years,  all  civil  process  was  suspended,  martial 
law  was  the  only  law  in  force,  and  citizens  as  well  as  sol- 
diers were  subject  to  its  operation.  All  suits  and  com- 
plaints were  heard  and  decided  in  a  summary  manner  by  the 
commanding  officer,  whose  decision  was  final,  and  the 
debtor  or  delinquent  turned  over  to  Sergeant  Crook,  the 
town  sergeant,  or  to  the  guard-house,  till  the  debt  or  fine 
was  paid.  There  was  none  of  the  law's  delay,  whatever 
there  miglit  be  of  its  uncertainty  or  injustice  in  the  deci- 
sions. 

At  the  time  of  the  capture  there  were  in  the  custom-house 
bonds  for  duties  for  many  thousand  dollars,  which  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  captors.  The  payment  of  these  bonds  they 
endeavored  to  enforce  against  the  obligors,  among  whom 
were  the  principal  merchants  of  the  place.  Tlie  last  of 
March,  1S15,  ihe  marshal  came  from  Halifax  for  the  purpose 
of  arresting  them  ;  but,  by  a  timely  flight,  all  but  one  escaped. 
These  Jt^Ui^Ct's,  having  large  interests  at  stake  which  they 
were  unwilling  to  al)andon,  and  under  the  uncertainty  of 
what  might  be  the  decision  as  to  the  title  and  jurisdiction  of 
the  island,  commenced  business  at  the  point  in  Lubec,  wliich 
was  then  a  forest,  and  but  one  house  (Mr.  D.'s)  within  a 
mile  of  the  Narrows.*  The  \illage  grew  up  rapidly ;  and 
three  and  a  half  years  afterward,  when  the  island  was  re- 
stored, it  had  acquired  so  firm  a  hold  as  to  compete  with 
Kastport  for  the  trade  of  the  district.  This  competition 
between    the    two    places  was  essentially  injurious  to  both. 


•This  ciuKavor  in  enforce  the  paynieiit  of  tlie  duty-lioiids  was  the  sole  cause  of  the 
settknieiit  at  Lubec  Point. 


wEsroN  s  m.s'ioK\ 


8i 


It  would  prolnibly  liave  bt^en  more  beneficial  tt)  tlie  trade 
of  Passainaciuockly,  ami  a  saviiij;;  of  money,  eventually,  if 
the  whole  capital  vested  in  real  estate  at  the  Point  when  the 
island  was  restored  had  l)cen  abantloned  and  lost,  and  the 
undivided  and  combined  operations  of  the  whole  lommercial 
community  concentrated  here. 


il: 


^ 


mMM 


-  -^  T*-7— -::;=■'•  ;t.  .*Mfc  ana 


t' 

■    V 

K  '^''^ 

tt     ^^^tg 

i 

i-uil 

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M^  '^k 

^ '  *•* 

1      , 

nSt,  .-v^i 

t 

ill 

CHAPTER    II. 


THE   STORY    OF   THE    BOUNDARY    LIXE. 


BY    W.    H.     KI  LHY. 

Thkre  is  a  descriptive  name  which,  though  rarely  heard  in 
these  days,  was  in  common  use  in  the  early  years  of  the  cen- 
tury in  this  community,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  crauitry  in 
describing  this  section.  In  Western  Maine  or  Massachusetts, 
a  person  coming  to  this  region  was  said  to  have  gone  down 
to  "The  Lines";  and  here  in  our  streets  one  was  continu- 
ally hearing  of  vessels  being  discliarged,  or  smugglers  caught, 
off  on  "The  Lines,"  These  lines,  or  rather  this  line,  was  the 
boundary  which,  starting  at  our  very  doors,  and  then  stretch- 
ing away  northward,  divides  the  territory  of  the  United  States 
from  that  of  the  North  American  dependencies  of  Great 
Britain  ;  and  it  is  the  purpose  of  these  sketches  to  trace  the 
history  of  this  boundary  line. 

The  treaty  of  peace  which  closed  the  Revolutionary  War 
was  negotiated  at  Paris  on  the  23d  of  September,  1783,  be- 
tween the  representatives  of  the  United  States  and  those  of 
Great  Britain,  of  which  Article  11  reads  as  follows  :  — 

"And  that  all  disputes  which  might  arise  in  the  future  on 
the  subject  of  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States  may  be 
prevented,  it  is  agreed  and  declared  that  the  following  are 
and  shall  be  their  boundaries  —  viz. —  from  the  northwest 
angle  of  Nova  Scotia  —  viz. —  that  angle  which  is  formed  by 
a  line  drawn  due  north  from  the  source  of  the  St.  Croix 
River,  to  the  highlands,  along  said  highlands  which  divide 
those  rivers  which  empty  themselves  into  the  River  St.  Law- 


I  HE    I'.orNDARV    I.IXE 

rence,  from  those  which  fall  into  the  Atlaniic  Qojfipi  tp  tbe, 
north-western  head  of  Connecticut  River."  ('rhen"fotTo\vs  a 
description  of  the  line  along  the  forty-fifth  parallel  ;  througii 
the  great  lakes,  down  the  Mississippi,  the  other  side  of  which 
it  will  be  remembered  was  French  territory;  ihroueh  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Peninsula  of  I-'Iorida,  the  southern 
part  of  which  belonged  to  Spain,  and  across  to  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  River.)  "Then  down  along  the  middle  of  St. 
Marys  River  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  east  by  a  line  to  be 
drawn  along  the  middle  of  the  River  St.  Croix  from  its 
mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy  to  its  source,  and  from  its  source 
directly  north  to  the  aforesaid  highlands  which  divide  the 
waters  that  fall  into  the  Atlantic  from  those  that  fall  into 
the  River  St.  Lawrence,  comprehending  all  islands  within 
twenty  leagues  of  the  shores  of  the  United  States,  and  lying 
between  lines  to  be  drawn  due  east  from  the  points  where 
the  aforesaid  boundaries  between  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  one 
part,  and  East  Florida,  shall  respectively  touch  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  excepting  such  islands  as 
now  are  or  have  heretofore  been  within  the  limits  of  the 
Province  of  Xova  Scotia." 

In  the  light  of  subsequent  histor\-,  we  can  see  how  futile 
were  the  expectations  that  the  carefully  worded  provisions  of 
this  treaty  would  prevent  disputes  in  relation  to  the  bounda- 
ries of  the  United  States,  as  the  preamble  of  this  section  so 
fondly  hopes.  The  short  eastern  frontier  ran  through  a  com- 
paratively unknown  region ;  and  in  its  description  the  arbitra- 
tors seem  to  have  packed  a  perfect  Pandora's  box,  full  of  the 
elements  of  discord  and  strife.  Which  was  the  true  St, 
Croix?  Where  was  its  mouth,  and  where  its  source?  What 
islands  within  twenty  leagues  not  already  included  in  the 
limits  of  Xova  Scotia?  Where  were  the  highlands  which 
divide  the  waters  emptying  into  the  river  St.  Lawrence  from 
those  which  fall  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ?     And  especially 


/ 


U  ( ; 


lit' 


T 


w 


1  ii 


-4 


EASIPORT   AND    PASSAMAf  a  ODDV 


where  was  tliat  ignis /(J/hhs  oi  diplomacy,  the  north-wcsl  ani;Ie 
of  Nova  Scotia,  which  nobody  ever  put  foot  or  finger  upon, 
and  never  could  be  found?  Disputes  upon  these  points 
be:i;an  when  the  ink  upon  tiie  trcatv  which  described  them 
was  h-rdly  dry,  a:^d  continued  through  interminable  conten- 
tion and  debates,  whole  libraries  of  correspondence  and 
reports,  several  diplomatic  conventions,  and  one  real  and 
o.:e  bloodless  war,  until  —  nearly  threescore  years  fir)ni  the 
beginning — Mr.  Webster  in  1842  concluded  the  Ashburton 
treaty,  which  closed  the  last  item  of  dispute,  and  fixed  thj 
boundary  line  as  it  now  Scjnds.- 

The  story  of  the  early  French  discovery  of  this  regior,,  and 
the  fiv'  t  attempts  at  settlement,  is  familiar  to  most  readers  of 
history,  and  needs  only  to  be  briefly  noticed  here.  An  expe- 
dition set  out  from  Havre-de-(irace  in  France  on  the  7th  of 
April,  1604,  ur.der  the  command  of  Sieur  de  Moms  ;  and  of 
this  Samue'  Champlain,  whose  memory  is  preserved  in  the 
lake  which  liears  his  name,  which  was  discovered  on  a  later 
expedition  up  the  St.  liawrence,  was  pilot.  Crossing  the 
Atlantic,  they  sighted  Sable  Island  on  the  ist  of  May,  and, 
.after  touching  at  various  places  on  the  shore  of  Nova  Scotia, 
arrived  on  the  _•  jth  of  June,  St.  John's  Day,  at  the  river  to 
whicl;  they  gave  the  name  of  that  saint.  From  there  they 
sailed  to  four  islands,  where  they  found  large  numbers  of 
birds  called  magpies.  So  they  named  them  the  Isles  of  Mar- 
gos,  and  we  now  call  them  the  Wolves.  l''arther  west  they 
saw  oth.er  islands,  among  ihein  one  of  six  leagues'  length, 
called  by  the  n;ui\es  Manthane  (C.rantl  Manan).  They  then 
proceeded  to  a  river  on  the  mainland  called  the  River  of  the 
I'ltechcmins,  after  the  tribe  of  savages  which  inhabited  the 
region.  The  voyagers  were  impressed  witli  tlie  number  and 
beauty  of  the  islands  among  which  they  passed,  the  capacity 
of  the  harbors,  and  the  al)uiidance  and  \-ariely  of  fish  foinid 
in  the  waters. 


5^ 


( 
t 

ci 

P 
w 

ti 


THK    KOUXDARV    LINK 


85 


Entering;  the  rivrr,  and  sailing;  west  north-west  a  league  or 
two,  they  found  two  islands  which,  by  their  situation  and  the 
ease  with  which  they  could  be  defended,  seemed  to  offer  an 
advantageous  location  for  settlement  ;  and  they  decided  to 
establish  thernselves  there.  To  the  larger  island  Sieur  de 
Monts  gave  the  name  of  the  Isle  of  St.  Croix.  'I'wo  leagues 
further  up  they  found  a  waterfall  or  rapids,  at  the  foot  of 
which,  in  May  and  June,  herrings  and  bass  were  found  in 
such  great  numbers  that  vessels  could  be  loaded  with  them  ; 
and  Indians  came  at  that  season  for  five  or  si.\  weeks  for  tlie 
purpose  of  catching  fish.  The  Frenchmen  began  immedi- 
ately to  build  foriitications  and  mount  cannon  on  the  island, 
and  then  to  ].nt  up  storehouses  and  dwellings.  A  view  of 
these  buildings,  as  well  as  a  minute  map  of  the  islai^l  and 
vicinity,  illustrate  the  history  of  "  Champlain's  \'oyages,'' 
which  was  published  at  Paris  in  1613.  This  work  has  been 
reprinted  in  English  by  the  Prince  Society  of  Poston,  with 
fac-similes  of  the  original  illustrations,  which  enable  us  at 
this  day  to  see  what  an  extensive  and  well-arranged  estab- 
lishment was  there  set  up.  Gardens  were  also  laid  out.  and 
all  the  necessary  i)l;ins  were  made  for  a  |)e"-manent  settle- 
ment; but,  before  they  were  ready,  winter  came  upon  them 
unexpectedly,  and  snow  fell  on  the  r)tli  of  October,  'i'hey  had 
a  hard  winter.  Having  no  cellars,  everything  fro/c.  Water 
failed  on  the  island,  and  had  to  be  brought  from  the  main- 
land; and  by  and  by  scurvy  broke  out,  and  before  spring,  out 
of  seventy-nine  who  composed  the  party,  thirty-lue  died  and 
twenty  more  had  been  at  the  point  of  death.  These  reverses 
disheartened  the  leaders;  and  they  decided  to  abandon  the 
place,  which  they  did  early  in  .\ugust,  removing  to  Port 
Royal  (Annap<"ilis\  and  taking  portions  of  their  buildings 
with  them. 

'i'he  annals  of  the  French  royageurs  make  occasional  men- 
tion of  the  place  during  the  next  few  years;    but  in   1613, 


M 


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•!     S3 


HV. 


m 

r   'II  ^^' 


.^I'l 


ii 


T'wm* 


86 


KAs  ri'oR  1'  A\D  ]'.\.ssAMA()r(»nin' 


when  Samuel  Ari;yl  of  \'irj2;inia  was  on  an  exijedition  east- 
ward fi>i"  llic  purpfise  of  inflicting  damage  upon  the  French 
settlements,  he  visited  St.  Croix,  and  destroyed  what  tliere 
was  left  of  the  buildings  erected  bv  1  )e  Monts  and  his  asso- 
ciates.  Tlie  place  then  seemed  to  pass  out  of  memory;  and, 
though  the  name  of  St.  Croix  lingered  about  tlie  region,  there 
does  not  appear  to  be  any  definite  account  of  the  island  being 
visited  during  the  next  one  hundred  and  fifty  years.  So. 
although  the  river  St.  Croix  was  considered  the  dividing  line 
between  Acadia  aufl  Xew  England,  and,  after  the  French 
rule  ceased  in  the  former,  became  the  boundary  l>cl\veen  tiie 
]3rovinces  of  No\  a  Scotia  and  Massachusetts  l!a}-.  tlie  knowl- 
edge about  the  localit_\-  grew  to  be  very  ha/v  and  iiulefiniie; 
and.  as  will  be  seen  further  on,  when  it  became  necessary  to 
decide  the  matter,  tlic  problem  was  found  to  be  by  no  means 
an  easy  or  simple  one. 

Tlie  old  maps  of  Southack  and  of  Mitchell  made  the  INIaga- 
guada\ic  the  true  St.  Croix  ;  Morris,  a  surveyor  sent  out  by 
Governor  Parr  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1765.  fixed  its  location  at 
till/  Cobscook  ;  and  the  claim  was  sometimes  made  that  the 
re.il  St.  Croix  was  to  be  found  in  the  Penobscot.  Of  this 
latter  theorv  it  is  reiiKMubered  '^hat  that  stanch  old  Loyalist, 
Captain  Alpheus  rine,  who  half  a  century  ago  kept  the 
Quoddy  House  at  Eastport.  was  an  energetic  champion. 

I  have  before  me  as  I  write  an  old  book  of  twenty  odd 
sheets  of  unruled  paiier  fastened  togetlier.  It  is  blown  with 
age,  but  has  been  well  preser\ed.  The  columns  of  courses 
and  distal  -  s,  the  rude  sketches  of  shores  and  headlands, 
and  tlie  various  memoranda  show  it  to  be  a  surveyor's 
record,  a  tield  book;  and  it  has  a  son  of  title  page,  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

A  seald  bonk  of  tlu'  Sea  CoasLs  from  tlie  West  i)assagc  of 
passiniaquddy  Island  to  tln'  Eastw'ard  of  Harbor  lectCLt.  with  tiie 
angles  of  part  of  the  Kiver  of  pas^imaquody  and  i).irl  of  the  angles 


I. 

di 
th 


J'i ., 


THK    liOUNDAKN     LIXE 


87 


of  the  River  St.  Croix  and  also  the  places  of  the  Islands  IJetween 
the  afore  sd  West  passage  and  sd  Ilarbur  leeteet  Taken  by  John 
Mitchell  and  Israel  Jones  in  1764. 

This  quaint  manuscript,  a  huiulred  and  twenty  years  old, 
records  the  original  survey  made  by  Mitchell,  which  was  often 
appealed  to  in  the  controversy  about  our  boundary  line.  Its 
authenticity  is  guaranteed  by  an  array  of  certificates  at  the 
end.  First  comes  that  of  John  Mitchell,  himself  relating 
the  circumstances  under  which  the  survey  was  made,  then  of 
William  White,  Justice  of  Peace  of  Rockingham  County, 
before  whom  the  deposition  was  taken,  of  Joseph  Pearson, 
Secretary  of  State,  certifying  to  the  validity  of  White's  ap- 
pointment, and  of  John  Taylor  Oilman,  Governor,  confirming 
the  authority  of  Pearson,  witli  the  seal  of  the  State  of  Xew 
Hampshire  attached  on  the  ninth  (K.y  of  August,  1796,  in  the 
twenty-first  year  of  the  independence  of  the  Tnited  States. 

Mitchell's  certificate  is  as  follows  :  — 

I  the  subscriber  an  inhabitant  of  Chester  in  the  state  of  Xew 
Hampshire,  voluntarily  make  the  fdllowini;  declaration — To  wit, 
Tiiot  1  was  employed  by  His  l^xcellency  Francis  Bernard  l!sq. 
Governor  of  the  I'rovince  of  Massachusetts  Bay  in  April  1764.  as 
a  Surveyor,  in  company  with  ^'r.  Israel  J  les  as  my  deputy,  Mr. 
Nathan  Jones,  as  conimandini;'  ot'ficer,  of  a  party  of  troops,  and 
Captain  Fletcher  .is  Indian  interpreter,  to  repair,  to  the  Bay  of 
Passaquoddi,  to  assemble  the  Indians  usually  residing  there,  and 
from  them,  to  ascertain  the  River  known  by  the  name  of  the  St. 
Croix.  We  accordingly  assembled  upwards  ot  forty  ot  the  prin- 
cipal Indians,  upon  an  Island  then  called  l/Atereci  in  said  Bay  of 
Passamaquoddi  —  After  having  fully  and  freely  conversed  with 
them,  upon  the  subject  of  our  mission,  the  chief  commissioned 
three  Indians  to  shew  us  the  said  river  .St.  Croix,  which  is  situated 
neaily  six  miles  north,  and  about  three  degrees  east  of  Harbour 
L'Tetc,  and  East  North  Fast,  of  the  Bay  or  River  Scudac,  and 
distant  from  it  about  nine  miles  on  a  right  line.  The  aforesaid 
three  Indians  after  having  shewn   us   the  river,  and  being  <luly 


i  i  ( 


!  ''i 


( 

^^ 

MR 

f . 

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i. 

i 

I- 

' 

88 


EASTPORT    AND    I'ASSAMAQUODDV 


informed  of  the  nature  and  importance  of  an  oath,  did  in  a  solemn 
manner  dei)0se  to  the  truth  of  thcii  inforniation  respecting  the 
identity  of  the  said  River  St.  Croix,  and  that  it  was  the  ancient 
and  only  .iver  known  amongst  them  by  that  nainc.  We  proceeded 
conformably  to  this  information  in  our  Surveys,  and  in  August  fol- 
lowing I  delivered  to  Governor  Jlernard  three  plans  of  the  said 
river  St.  Croix,  and  the  said  liay  of  I'assamaquoddi. 

Another  certificate  of  Captain  Mitchell  says:  — 

The  River  which  I  marked  on  my  maj)  as  the  St.  Croix,  is  the 
most  easterly  river  that  I  know  of  between  the  Passamaquoddi 
and  the  St.  Johns,  and  yet  there  are  two  small  rivers  between  the 
Saint  Croix  and  I'assamaquoddi. 

L'Atereel,  their  place  of  rendezvous,  we  now  knoA'  as 
Indian  Island.  Its  Indian  tiame  was  Jeganngoose.  In  Sulli- 
van's History  of  the  District  of  Maine,  published  in  1795,  it 
is  stated  that 

In  the  year  1704,  when  Colonel  Church  made  an  attack  on  a 
French  plantation  on  the  River  Shooduck,  he  found  one  Lutterelle, 
a  French  nobleman,  on  one  of  these  islands  and  removed  him. 
The  island  still  retains  the  Frenchman's  name.  There  was  also 
on  a  point.  Vvhich  forms  one  side  of  the  entrance  of  Shooduck 
River,  in  the  jilace  below  where  (leneral  Lincoln's  plantation  noA 
is,  a  Fiencli  Lady's  settlement  which  she  abandoned  in  those  times 
and  took  refuge  in  (2uebeck ;  but  the  place  has  the  appellation 
which  she  gave  it. 

This  shows  where  the  name  L'Atereel  came  from,  and  also 
the  origin  of  Pleasant  Point,  though  the  lady  must  have 
called  it  by  the  French  ecjuivalent,  General  Lincoln's  pur- 
chase extending  from  the  Dennys  River  to  the  Schoodic,  in- 
cluding Perry. 

Governor  Pernard  give  "aptain  Mitchell  a  map  for  his 
guidance;  antl  from  the  original,  which  is  in  the  writer's  pos- 
session, the  copy  here  inserted  has  been  made.    It  is  a  section 


'^Ws 


W 


THE    nOUXDARN     l.IXE 


89 


from  the  larger  map  of  Captain  Southack.  I  do  not  know 
the  date  of  his  map,  and  of  him  only  that  Cyprian  Southack, 
sea-captain,  was  a  member  of  the  Council  of  Lieutenant  Gov- 


?oLntJ^roe. 


sHe:/\-£/vif. 


L\I'1UAN    SiiUHIACkN   Ol.l)    .MAI'   OV    FA'iSAM  AijUuUuV    ANi)   M.    tliOlX. 

ernor  John  Doucett  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1720.  It  is  at  least 
interesting  to  know  how  imperfect  was  the  knowledge  of  the 
geography  of  our  vicinity  when  this  map  was  made.     Poi'.it 


I;'  : .:{ 


■'■*? 


!     PIP 


Tff 


90 


EASTPORT    A\D    PAS.SAMA<  )UODDV 


Lepreaux  will  be  recognized.  The  river  St.  Croix  is  our 
Magaguadavic,  and  Passamaquoddy  the  Schoodic.  The  Cob- 
scook  is  not  shown.  Passamaquoddy  Island  is  the  Campo- 
bello  of  to-day  with  distended  proportions,  and  some  of  the 
smaller  ones  must  represent  Deer  and  Moose  Islands  very 
much  shrunken. 

From  the  journal,  it  appears  that  the  Indian  name  of  Pleas- 
ant Point  was  Seeboycook ;  and  of  the  numerous  islands  in 
the  bay,  indicated  by  courses  and  distances,  only  L'Attereel, 
Passimaquodi,  Moose,  Deer  and  White  Horse,  Flatiron  and 
Mountain  Island  near  L'Etete,  seem  to  have  then  had  names. 
In  another  document,  I  find  Cheburn,  or  West  Head,  men- 
tioned as  a  point  of  land  in  the  west  passage,  evidently  what 
we  call  West  Quoddy  Head,  the  extreme  eastern  point  of 
land  in  the  United  States.  The  salt-water  falls  at  Cobscook 
are  mentioned.     The  following  entries  are  copied  verbatim:  — 


Sunday  June  the  3d  1764,  a  fogi^ey  morning  the  wind  a  S  W 
half  after  three  in  the  morning  Capt  Jones,  Mr  Boyd,  Mr  Jones 
and  myself  with  four  of  our  men  went  in  the  Whall  boat  to  Latter- 
ell  in  order  to  get  provisions  from  our  encampnient,  and  wlien  we 
came  to  Latterell  Capt  Fletcher  Thought  it  most  Kxpediant  to  go 
to  St  Croix  next  Day,  by  Reason  that  the  Indians  who  had  for 
Sum  Days  past  Bin  drunk  were  got  sober,  so  Capt  Jones  ordered 
the  men  that  Came  with  us  to  go  Back  to  where  we  left  the  Rest 
of  our  men  in  ()rder  to  Bring  them  all  to  Latterell  to  be  ready  to 
Depart  on  Munday  morning  for  St  Croix. 

Munday  June  the  4th  1764,  a  foggy  morning  and  calm  this  morn- 
ing Capt  Jones  emjiloyed  Mr  James  Boyd  with  his  Whall  boat  and 
Mr  Walker  to  assist  to  carry  our  men  and  provisions  to  the  River 
of  St  Croix  anil  to  assist  us  up  sd  River  h  after  8  in  tlie  morning 
we  Departed  from  Latterell  and  \  after  12  we  arrived  at  Harbor 
leeteet  alias  Womkoocook  where  we  met  with  the  Indians  and 
Capt  I'Metcher  had  a  conferenre  with  them  and  the  Indians  ap- 
pointed two  to  go  with  us  on  Tuisday  morning. 

Tuisday  June  the  5th  1764,  this  morning  at  6  of  the  clock  Two 


J 


THE    noUNDARY    LINE 


91 


Sanops  and  Two  Squaws  with  one  r>urch  canow  Set  off  with  us  in 
order  to  go  with  us  to  ye  River  St  Croix,  and  wc  prosseaded  up 
the  I5ay  about  Two  miles,  and  the  wind  X  W  a  fresh  gale  and  the 
tide  against  us  we  put  a  shore  on  ye  East  Side  of  the  Bay  to  wait 
till  the  Tide  would  Turn  and  while  we  waited  for  tide  of  tlood  four 
of  our  men  went  a  little  way  from  the  shore  in  the  Whall  boat  a 
fishing  and  caught  one  Hollol)ut  and  Three  Small  Cod  fish  and  at 
yong  flood  we  all  got  a  board  of  our  boats  and  prosseaded  towards 
St  Croix,  and  at  Eleven  of  the  clock  we  arrived  at  the  Entreance 
of  sd  River  at  which  time  Capt  Fletcher  Requisted  Three  of  said 
Indians  to  swear  that  the  said  River  that  they  showed  us  was 
actually  known  By  the  name  of  St  Croix  River.  The  names  of  sd 
Indians  are  as  followetli  Lue  Nepton.  .Mecsel  and  Mary  Cattron. 
And  we  taried  there  awhile  and  Eat  Dinor  then  went  up  sd  River 
to  ye  falls  and  the  Indians  told  Capt  I'letciier  that  they  wood  go 
no  farther  and  the  Falls  being  so  large  that  we  CouUl  not  gat  the 
Whall  boat  over  it  and  it  being  imijossible  to  go  on  the  land  to 
.Sorvoy  the  River  I  Began  a  little  Beloe  tiie  falls  and  the  courses 
are  as  followeth,  &c. 

Several  years  before  Mitchell  was  employed  on  this  survey, 
there  was  published  a  large  map  of  the  Bruish  and  French 
possessions  in  North  America,  bearing  the  name  of  John 
Mitchell;  and,  though  it  is  not  found  explicitly  stated  any- 
where, it  is  presumed  that  it  is  tlie  same  John  Mitchell  in 
both  cases.  When  the  American  and  British  commissioners 
were  engaged  in  arranging  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace 
at  I'aris  in  1783,  this  large  map  was  made  the  basis  upon 
which  the  boundaries  of  the  United  States  were  marked  out ; 
and  it  is  to  be  seen  among  the  published  tlocuments  con- 
nected with  the  controversy.  The  surveyor  iiad  not  then 
visited  the  region,  and  the  delineation  of  J'assamaquoddy 
Bay  and  its  vicinity  is  about  as  rude  as  in  Southack's  map. 
It  makes  the  St.  Croix  the  most  eastern  of  two  rivers  enter- 
ing the  bay,  the  other  being  the  Passamacadie  west  of  it,  and 
the  Cobscook  is  not  marked  at  all.     Otherwise,  the  general 


i  .1 


:  J 


m 


92 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


features  of  the  map  appear  to  be  tolerably  correct,  consider- 
ing the  time  at  which  it  was  issued.  It  bears  the  following 
certificate  of  its  authenticity:  — 

This  nir.p  was  undertaken  with  the  approbation,  and  at  tlie 
request  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  for  Trade  and  Plantations, 
and  is  chiefly  composed  from  Draughts,  Charts  and  Actual  Surveys 
of  different  parts  of  liis  Majesty's  Colonies  and  Plantations  in 
America.  Great  part  of  which  have  been  lately  taken  by  their 
Lordships'  orders  and  transmitted  to  this  office  by  the  Governors 
of  said  Colonies  and  others. 


Plantation  office, 
Feb'y  13th,  1755- 


JOIIX   POWXAL, 

Secretary. 


The  American  commissioners  at  Paris  were  John  Adams, 
John  Jay,  and  Benjamin  Franklin ;  and  we  have  the  evidence 
of  each. 


Mr.  Adams  testifies  that 

Mitchell's  was  the  only  map  or  plan  used  by  the  Commissioners 
at  their  public  conferences,  tho'  other  maps  were  occasionally  con- 
sulted by  the  American  Commissioners  at  their  lodgings. 

The  British  Commissioner  first  claimed  to  I'iscataqua  river,  then 
to  Kenebeck,  tlien  to  Penoliscot,  and  at  length  agreed  to  Saint 
Croix  as  marked  on  Mitchell's  map. 

One  of  the  American  ministers  at  first  proposed  the  river  Saint 
Johns  as  marked  on  Mitchell's  map,  but  his  colleagues,  observing 
that  as  Saint  Croix  was  the  river  mentioned  in  the  charter  of  Mas- 
sachusetts Bay  they  could  not  justify  insisting  on  Saint  Johns  as 
the  ultimatum,  he  agreed  with  them  to  adhere  to  the  charter  of 
Massachusetts  Bay. 


Mr.  Jay  states 

That  in  the  negotiations  of  Peace  the  River  St.  Croix  forming 
part  of  our  Eastern  boundary  came  into  question;  that  several 
rivers  in  those  parts  were  said  to  have  that  name,  that  much  was 


THE    liOUNDARY    LINE 


93 


urged  and  argued  on  the  topic,  that  Mitchell's  map  was  before  us 
and  favorably  consulted  for  geographical  information,  and  that  l)Oth 
parties  finally  agreed  that  the  River  St.  Croix  laid  down  on  tliat 
map  was  the  river  St.  Croix  which  ought  to  form  a  part  of  that 
boundary. 

And  Dr.  Franklin  writes, — 

I  can  assure  you  that  I  am  perfectly  clear  in  tlie  rememberance 
that  tlie  map  we  used  in  tracing  the  boundary  was  jjrought  to  the 
treaty  by  the  Commissioners  from  ICngland,  and  that  it  was  the 
same  as  published  by  Mitchell  twenty  years  before. 

Thus  it  is  apparent  that  the  commissioners  who  negotiated 
the  treaty  of  1783  understood  that  the  easternmost  river 
entering  the  P)ay  of  Passaniaquoddy  (which  is  the  Magagua- 
davic)  was  the  St.  Croix,  which  was  to  form  part  of  the  east- 
ern boundary  line. 

When  the  treaty  of  1783  closed  the  war  for  independence, 
there  were  but  few  white  inhabitants  on  the  eastern  frontier  ; 
and  most  of  those  living  on  the  American  side  were  persons 
who  had  taken  little  apparent  i'lterest  in  the  final  result  of 
that  great  contest.  During  the  war,  tlie  eastern  head-quar- 
ters of  the  patriots  were  at  Machias,  and  the  brave  men  of 
that  insulated  hamlet  did  not  hesitate  in  their  defiance  of 
the  power  of  Great  Britain  on  land  or  sea ;  and,  had  there 
been  a  similar  compact,  patriotic  community  on  Moose  Island 
when  peace  was  declared,  no  liritish  ofticial  would  have  cared 
to  present  himself  to  claim  jurisdiction  for  his  government, 
unless  backed  by  a  strong  military  or  naval  force. 

In  the  fall  of  1783,  a  settlement  was  begun  on  the  other 
side  of  the  Schoodic  River  by  a  body  of  men  whom  the 
fortunes  of  war  had  compelled  to  leave  their  homes  and 
kindred.  Severe  enactments  had  despoiled  them  of  their 
estates,  and  it  could  hardly  be  expected  that  they  would 
feel  very  kindly  toward  the  government  that  had  driven  them 


I 


'  fjrr 


94 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


out  or  the  men  who  supported  it.  The  Loyalists  who  founded 
St.  Andrews  constituted  what  was  then  lacking  on  the  other 
side  of  the  river, —  a  compact,  determined  community;  and 
they  were  greatly  imbittered  for  what  they  had  suffered  on 
account  of  their  attachment  to  their  beloved  sovereign. 
Among  them  were  several  capable,  intelligent  leaders,  like 
Robert  Pagan,  who  had  been  a  prosperous  merchant  at  Port- 
land, and  Thomas  Wyer,  the  first  sheriff  of  the  county,  who 
was  an  officer  of  customs  in  old  Falmouth,  The  county 
of  Sunbury  was  separated  from  Nova  Scotia  in  17S4,  and 
erected  into  the  Province  of  New  Brunswick ;  and  St.  An- 
drews was  made  shire  town  of  the  new  county  of  Charlotte. 

The  American  emigration  to  Passamaquoddy  did  not  fairly 
begin  until  1786.  In  that  year.  General  Benjamin  Lincoln 
made  his  large  purchase  ;  and  the  vigorous  Hingham  emigra- 
tion which  cleared  the  forests  along  the  Cobscook,  by  the 
Dennys  and  Pennamaquan  streams,  and  around  the  shores 
of  the  plantation  which  should  by  and  by  bear  the  name 
of  the  future  hero  of  Lake  l^rie,  then  began.  At  the  same 
time,  Lieutenant  Governor  Robbins  bought  the  township 
which  bears  his  name  ;  and  Colonel  Aaron  Hobart,  of  Alding- 
ton, exchanged  the  government  obligations  which  he  received 
for  casting  cannon  and  balls  for  the  American  army  for 
the  wild  lands  of  Plantation  No.  Ten,  and  settlers  soon  fol- 
lowed. Colonel  John  Crane,  one  of  the  Boston  Tea  Party, 
who  had  done  good  service  at  the  head  of  his  regiment  under 
the  immediate  command  of  General  Washington,  and  Major 
Lemuel  Trescott,  who  had  commanded  a  battalion  under  La- 
fayette, had  located  themselves  at  Orange  River;  and  other 
places  about  the  bay  and  rivers  began  to  be  similarly  occu- 
pied. But  this  tine  material  was  scattered  over  a  large  terri- 
tory, and  it  took  time  before  it  could  be  compacted  into  influ- 
ential communities. 

John  Shackford  and  .Samuel  Tuttle  were  stanch  patriots. 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


95 


The  former  had  visited  the  region  when  on  a  fishing  cruise 
before  the  war.  He  had  done  good  service  in  the  army,  and 
joined  in  that  terrible  march  under  Arnold  through  the  Maine 
wilderness,  to  defeat  under  the  walls  of  Quebec ;  and  the 
latter  had  held  an  officer's  commission  in  the  continental  ser- 
vice. When  they  came  to  Moose  Island  in  the  spring  of 
17S4,  just  a  hundred  years  ago,  they  found  but  five  families 
here  ;  and  when,  five  years  later,  the  number  had  increased  to 
twenty-two  or  twenty-four,  the  heads  of  one-half  of  these 
families  were  either  men  of  English  birth  or  those  who  had 
adhered  to  the  royal  cause  in  the  war. 

The  difference  be, ween  the  ideas  of  the  founders  of  St. 
Andrews  and  those  who  happened  to  be  the  first  occupants 
of  Moose  Island  is  characteristically  shown  by  the  marked 
contrast  in  the  ways  in  which  the  two  places  were  originally 
laid  out,  and  the  citizens  of  Eastport  have  had  frequent  occa- 
sion to  regret  the  want  of  foresight  in  their  early  predeces- 
sors. The  Loyalists  called  a  competent  engineer,  and  on  the 
hillside  sloping  so  pleasantly  to  the  bay  planned  the  site  of  a 
future  city,  with  broad  avenues  and  streets  crossing  at  right 
angles,  on  the  Philadelphia  checker-board  pattern;  while 
the  fishermen  and  traders  of  Moose  Island  were  content  to 
trudge  along  the  beaches  and  clamber  over  the  rocks  without 
regular  public  ways,  trusting  to  the  waters  of  the  bay  for  easy 
transportation  of  goods.  Nor  was  this  lack  of  method  and 
public  spirit  surprising,  when  it  is  remembered  that  it  was  not 
until  June  17,  1791,  that  an  act  was  passed  i)\-  the  legislat- 
ure of  Massachusetts  authorizing  the  survey  of  the  island, 
the  inhabitants  prior  to  that  time  being  simply  "sciuatters," 
withou*:  titles  to  the  lands  which  they  occupied.  The  effects 
of  this  shiftless,  temporary  condition  of  affairs  lingered  for 
some  time  afterward.  Eastport  was  incorporated  as  a  town 
in  179M,  but  it  was  not  until  the  following  year  that  the  first 
highway  was  laid  out ;  and  its  description  on  the  tow  n  books. 


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KASTI'OK  I'    AN'I)    PASSAMAQrODDV 


'       1 


vvhicli  gives  neither  courses  nor  distances,  is  of  the  rudest  sort, 
indicative  of  most  unmethodical  ways  of  managing  public 
affairs  :  "  Beginning  at  Mr.  James  Cochran's  spring,  between 
C'apl.  Prince's  house,  and  the  house  Mr.  Henry  Waid  now 
lives  ill,  running  northerly  between  said  Cochran's  house  and 
his  old  hovel,  and  just  to  the  westward  of  Mr.  Samuel  Tuttle's 
barn,  through  the  corner  of  his  potato  field,  west  of  the  new 
fence,  through  Mr.  IJoynton's,  and  Mr.  Henry  Poor's  land,  to 
the  notcii  in  Mr.  William  Clark's  mountain  so  called,"  etc. 
This  was  High  Street;  and  four  years  later,  in  1S03,  Water 
Street  was  laid  out,  twenty-for.r  feet  wide,  after  o|)positioti 
from  those  who  contended  that  eighteen  feet  was  ample  width, 
as  that  would  allow  two  hand-barrows  to  get  by  each  other 
with  room  to  spare,  and,  at  the  suggestion  that  it  would  be 
too  narrow  for  horses  and  carriages  to  pass,  scouted  the  idea 
that  such  strange  curiosities  would  ever  be  seen  on  Moose 
Island. 

The  St.  Andrews  Loyalists  knew  that  they  had  settled  on 
disputed  territory,  being  well  aware  that  the  United  States 
claimed  the  Magaguadavic  as  th.e  true  St.  Croix,  which  was  to 
make  the  boundary  line,  iiut  they  proposed  to  construe  this 
and  other  provisions  of  the  treaty  to  suit  their  own  ideas, 
and,  as  soon  as  they  got  their  newly  organized  courts  in  work- 
ing order,  set  themselves  about  it,  doubtless  sustained  by 
the  higher  authorities  of  the  province.  J5y  the  terms  of  the 
treaty,  the  southern  boundary  line  of  the  United  States  ended 
at  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  River  in  Florida,  and  the  eastern 
line  began  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Croix  River  in  the  Hay  of 
l-'undy.  The  New  brunswick  authorities  decided  for  them- 
selves that  the  Schoodic  was  the  St.  Croix,  and  its  mouth 
above  St.  Andrews ;  and  they  proposed  to  draw  a  straight 
line  from  there  to  Si.  ^^ary's,  claiming  all  the  territory  left 
outside.  This  line  would  cross  the  country  diagonally,  strik- 
ing the  sea  at  Little  Machias.  and  leaving  a  good  slice  of  the 


t 
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I 
11 
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I) 
a 
( 


THK    liUUNDARV    I.INI 


97 


present  county  of  Washington  outside  of   tlie  limits  of  the 
United  Stntes. 

General  Rufus  Putnani,  nfterwartl  prominent  in  the  early 
settlement  of  the  State  of  Ohio,  made  the  first  survey  of  the 
lands  in  this  section,  under  the  authority  of  the  State  of 
Massachusetts,  and  in  a  report  to  Messrs.  I'hillii)s,  Wells, 
and  Dane,  a  legislative  committee,  under  date  Rutland,  Dec. 
jy,  1784,  refers  to  this  claim  as  follows  :  — 


From  Mr.  Jones,  who  is  the  principal  survcyi)r  eniploytd  by  the 
British  in  that  quarter,  since  the  peace  took  place,  I  learned  that 
they  consider  the  Schoodick  ""  'I'e  St.  Croix  intended  in  the 
treaty:  that  they  (i\  the  mouth  (  u.  ;  ver  at  the  Devil's  Mead, 
which  you  will  see  marked  in  townsi.i,,  Xo.  \\  in  my  i)lan  :  and 
the  l)ays  of  Schoodick,  .St.  Andrews,  Cohhscook,  X:c.,  i.Vc.,  formerly 
comprehended  under  the  general  name  of  I'assainaquodily,  they 
consider  as  arms  of  the  sea,  or  parts  of  the  hay  of  P'undy.  Here 
then,  say  they,  that  is,  at  the  Devil's  Head,  the  following;  descrip- 
tion in  the  treaty  begins,  vi/:  "bounded  cast  by  a  line  to  be  drawn 
along  the  middle  of  the  river  St.  Croix,  from  its  mouth  in  the  bay 
of  Fuiidy  to  its  source." 

.Again,  a  line  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  St.  Croi.x,  at  Devil's 
Head,  to  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river,  between  (ieorgia  and  Fast 
I'Morida.  they  consider  as  a  boundary,  to  the  eastward  of  which  we 
have  no  claim  on  the  main  land  or  among  the  islands,  nor  yet  to 


th 


e   islands  westwai 


d   of 


such   a  line,  exce 


pt  th 


ev  lie  within   20 


lea<:;ues  of  the  sea  coast  or  main  land,  and  have  not  been  granted 
by  the  government  of  Nova  Scotia.  ... 

A  straight  line,  say.s  Mr.  Jones,  drawn  from  the  Devil's  Head  to 
the  mouth  of  St.  ^hrl■y's  river,  as  above  mentioned,  will  fall  on  the 
sea  coast  or  north  shore  of  the  bay  of  Fundy,  about  the  mouth  of 
Little  Machias  river.  'I'he  direction  of  this  line  across  my  plan,  is 
marked  on  the  southern  edge  of  it,  and  in  consequence  of  their 
claiming  such  a  line,  not  only  all  tlie  islands  in  the  bay  of  Passa- 
maqiioddy,  whether  i^ranted  before  the  peace,  or  since,  tlie\-  claim 
as  theirs;  but  the  Island  of  Craiid  Manan  has  been  granted  by  the 
(iovernor  of  Nova  Scotia  to  certain  proprietors:  and  on  the  same 


1! 


fl 


i    ■: 


i. 


If 


98 


EASXrORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


principle,  a  few  clays  before  I  left  the  country,  Mr.  Jones  began 
the  survey  of  Seward's  Neck.  .  .  . 

But  where  the  gentlemen  of  Nova  Scotia  have  got  the  idea  that 
the  United  States  are  bounded  by  a  line  drawn  through  the  Atlan- 
tic ocean,  from  the  mouth  of  St.  Mary's  river  to  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Croix,  is  hard  to  conceive.  For  my  own  jjart  I  cannot  find  a 
single  hint  of  such  a  boundary  in  all  the  treaty.  Yet,  absurd  as 
this  idea  appears  to  be,  not  only  Mr.  Jones,  and  other  refugees, 
are  fallen  into  the  mistake;  but  Governor  Parr  must  Iiavc  done 
so  too. 


This  strange  claim  was  pushed  as  far  as  the  sending  of  a 
surveyor  to  lay  out  lots  on  Seward's  Neck,  within  the  liinits 
of  the  present  town  of  Lubec;  and  then,  apparentl)',  its  ab- 
surdity was  realized,  as  we  hear  no  more  of  it. 

They  still  maintained,  however,  that  all  the  islands  in  Pas- 
samaquoddy  Bay  had  originally  belonged  to  Nova  Scotia,  and 
by  the  terms  of  the  treaty  still  remained  under  British  juris- 
diction ;  and  in  17CS5  notices  were  posted  up  on  Moose  Island 
directing  the  inhabitants  to  attend  court  at  St.  Andrews. 
Constables  were  appointed  and  jurors  summoned,  and  the 
islanders  were  threatened  with  the  forfeiture  of  their  estates 
unless  the  summons  was  obeyed;  but  no  one  appears  to 
have  heeded  the  threats.  Finally,  in  December,  1785,  Samuel 
Tuttle,  the  first  deputy  collector  of  customs  on  the  island, 
was  arrested  on  a  pretended  action  of  debt;  and  Sheriff 
Wyer  assured  him  that,  unlets  he  yielded,  assistance  would 
be  rendered  by  an  armed  ship  then  moored  at  C'amj)ol)ello. 
He  was  taken  to  St.  Andrews  and  committed  to  jail,  but, 
"steady  in  his  refusal  to  renew  or  acknowletlge  allegiance  to 
the  British  crown,  he  was  released  after  three  days  imprison- 
ment." 

In  January,  1786.  a  number  of  residents  sent  i  petition  to 
the  governor  of  Massachusetts,  describing  their  great  trouble 
and  distress  on  account  of  this  state  of  affairs,  and  asking 


IHE    BOUNDARY    LINK 


99 


"  his  Excellency  and  the  Honorable  Council  to  take  such 
immediate  steps  as  were  necessary  to  quiet  their  minds  and 
give  full  possession  of  their  rights  and  titles."  Prior  to  this 
time,  Governor  Hancock,  of  Massachusetts,  and  Governor 
Carleton,  of  New  Brunswick,  had  been  engaged  in  corre- 
spondence in  reference  to  these  boundary  disputes ;  and,  as 
early  as  1784,  Generals  Lincoln  and  Knox,  and  George  Par- 
tridge, Esq.,  had  been  directed  to  repair  to  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  and  inform  themselves  what  encroachments  had  been 
made  on  the  territory  of  the  Slate,  and,  on  returning,  they 
reported  that  a  very  considerable  number  of  British  subjects 
had  settled  at  a  place  called  St.  Andrews,  on  the  eastern 
bank  of  the  river  vSchoodic,  which,  in  their  opinion,  was 
clearly  within  the  limits  of  the  State.  Their  report  and  evi- 
dence were  transmitted  to  Congress  by  Massachusetts,  with 
directions  to  her  delegates  to  procure,  if  possible,  such  in- 
struction to  our  minister  in  London  as  might  prevent  or 
remove  such  encroachments. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  at  this  time  the  Slates  were 
still  acting  under  the  old  federation  ;  and,  until  the  Conslitu- 
lion  was  adopted  in  17S7,  and  went  into  effect  the  following 
year,  they  were  poorly  prepared  to  act  promptly  and  energet- 
ically for  the  protection  of  their  outlying  communities.  The 
separate  States  were  authorized  to  collect  a  duty  oi  five  per 
cent,  on  imports;  and,  as  has  been  said,  Mr.  'I'ullle  was  the 
first  officer  ol  excise  in  this  vicinity  under  MassacIuiseUs. 
Eor  several  years  after  the  atloption  of  the  Constiuition, 
matters  continued  in  ihe  unsatisfactory  condition  here  de- 
scribed;  and  it  was  not  until  the  adoption  in  1791.  of  the 
treaty  with  (]reat  Britain,  known  as  Jay's  Treaty,  that  any 
efficient  steps  were  taken  to  remedy  the  ditficulties.  Great 
opposition  was  made  to  the  lonfirmation  of  the  treaty,  as  too 
favorable  to  the  recent  enemy ;  but  it  was  finally  accom- 
plished. 


«    i 


lOO 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


The  fifth  article  of  the  treaty  reads  as  follows :  — 

Whereas  doubts  have  arisen  what  was  truly  intended  under  the 
name  of  the  river  St.  Croix  mentioned  in  the  Treaty  of  Peace, 
and  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  thereon  described,  that  ques- 
tion shall  be  referred  to  the  final  decision  of  commissioners  to  be 
appointed  in  the  following  manner  —  viz. —  one  to  be  named  by 
His  Majesty,  one  by  the  United  States,  and  said  two  shall  agree 
in  the  choice  of  a  third,  and  failing  to  do  so,  two  names  shall  be 
prepared  and  one  drawn  by  lot. 

Under  the  provisions  of  this  section,  the  British  govern- 
ment appointed  Thomas  Barclay  as  commissioner,  and  the 
United  States  selected  David  Howell,  of  Rhode  Island. 
The  first  meeting  was  held  at  Halifax,  Aug.  13,  1796;  and 
Egbert  Benson,  of  New  York,  was  agreed  upon  as  the  third 
member  of  the  body.  The  next  meeting  took  place  at  St. 
Andrews,  October  4  of  the  same  year,  and  lulward  Wins- 
low,  of  New  Brunswick,  was  appointed  secretary.  The  agents 
of  the  respective  countries,  James  Sullivan,  of  Massachusetts 
(American),  and  Ward  Chipman,  of  New  Brunswick  (British), 
appeared,  and  presented  their  appointments.  Sullivan  was 
author  of  the  History  of  the  District  of  Maine,  then  re- 
cently published  ;  and  Winslow,  the  secretary,  and  Chipman, 
the  British  agent,  were  Loyalists,  natives  of  Massachusetts, 
and  both  graduates  of  Harvard  College.  The  rest  of  Judge 
Chipman's  family  adhered  to  the  American  cause.  His 
sister  married  William  Gray,  a  noted  Boston  merchant,  famil- 
iarly known  as  "Billy  Gray";  antl  the  present  Judge  Gray, 
of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  is  her  grandson. 
Robert  Pagan  and  Joseph  Garnet,  of  St.  Andrews,  were 
appointed  sub-agents  for  the  British  for  the  taking  of  evi- 
dence, and  Phineas  Bruce  and  John  Cooper  on  the  part  of 
the  United  States.  Bruce  was  a  Machias  lawyer,  and  in 
1802  was  elected  representative  to  Congress,  the  first  chosen 


(  ! 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


lOI 


from  this  section ;  and  General  Cooper  was  the  first  sheriff 
of  Washington  County,  and  the  town  of  Cooper  was  named 
for  him. 

The  commission  met  several  times  at  St.  Andrews,  then 
adjourned  to  Boston,  and  had  one  Meeting  at  Quincy,  to 
take  the  evidence  of  John  Adams,  President  of  the  United 
States,  who  had  been  one  of  the  commissioners  to  arrange 
the  treaty  of  1783;  and  the  final  meeting  was  held  at  Provi-* 
dence,  R.I.,  Oct.  25,  1798. 

It  is  not  the  purpose  of  these  sketches  to  repeat  at  length 
the  evidence  presented  to  the  commission  appointed  to  decide 
which  river  was  the  true  St.  Croix ;  but  some  of  the  papers 
connected  with  the  case  afford  interesting  items  of  local  his- 
tory, and  for  that  reason  will  be  introduced  here.  And  first 
comes  the  deposition  of  John  Frost:  — 

I  John  F'rost  of  I'assamaquoddy  aged  sixty  nine  years,  do  testify 
aiul  declare,  That  I  came  to  rassamaquoddy  in  .seventeen  hun- 
dred and  sixty-three,  and  settled  on  a  place  called  Pleasant  Point, 
where  I  have  resided  most  of  the  time  ever  since;  tliat  my  sole 
object  in  coming  to  this  part  of  the  country  was  to  trade  with  the 
Indians;  that  for  the  first  ten  years  of  my  residence  I  was  con- 
stantly engaged  in  a  tiade  with  them;  that  in  consequence  of  this 
trade  I  became  perfectly  well  acquainted  with  the  I'assamaquoddy 
tribe  of  Indians,  particularly  with  Louis  Neptune,  Pungawerawit, 
John  Pattist  Neptune,  and  John  O.  Denny,  principal  or  chief  men 
of  said  tribe ;  that  I  have  had  frc([uent  conversations  with  the 
said  Louis  Neptune,  Pungawerawit,  John  Pattist  Neptune,  and 
John  O.  Denny,  respecting  the  River  St.  Croix,  and  that  each  of 
them  often  and  uniformly  declared  to  me  that  the  River  Magagua- 
davic  v/as  the  St.  Croix.  That  I  brought  into  this  part  of  the 
country  a  Mr.  Mitchell,  a  surveyor  sent  by  Governor  l')ernard  to 
explore  the  River  St.  Croix;  which  circumstance  led  me  to  make 
more  particular  enf|uiries  of  the  Induins  respecting  the  said  river. 
And  the  deponent  further  testifies  that  all  the  Indians  with  whom 
he  hath  conversed  always  told  him  that  the   .Magaguadavic  River 


,    :    ! 


I02 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


li 


was  the  St.  Croix.  And  this  deponent  further  testifies  that  the 
white  people  living  in  this  part  of  the  country  (with  whom  he  hath 
been  acquainted)  always  considered  the  Magaguadavic  the  St. 
Croix  River,  and  that  he  had  never  heard  any  person  call  the 
Scoodiac  the  St.  Croix  River,  until  a  number  of  people  came  and 
settled  at  St.  Andrews  in  the  year  seventeen  hundred  and  eighty- 
three  or  four. 

Questions  by  Robert  Pagan  &  Joseph  Garnett  Esquires. 
•     1st.     On  what  particular  occasions  did  you  hear  Louis  Neptune, 
fJungawerawit,  John    Battist   Neptune,  and   John  O.   Denny  call 
Magaguarbvic  the  St.  Croi.x? 

,     Answer.     When  I  brought  Mr.  Mitchell  down  here  to  explore 
St.  Croix  River. 

2d.  What  Rivers  did  Mr.  Mitchell  explore  when  he  came  on 
that  business? 

Answer.  Mr.  Mitchell  told  me  he  had  been  at  the  Magagua- 
davic and  found  it  to  be  the  St.  Croix.  He  did  not  tell  me  he  had 
been  to  any  other  river. 

3d.  Did  you  command  ihe  vessel  in  which  Mr.  Mitchell  came 
to  this  part  of  the  country  to  look  for  the  River  St.  Croix? 

Answer.     Yes. 

4th.     Where  did  you  land  him  ? 

Answer.     At  Indian  Island. 

5th.  Did  you  go  by  any  particular  draft  when  you  traded  at 
that  time  in   I'assamaquoddy  Bay  ? 

Answer.     Yes,  by  *  Capt.  Suddrick's  draft. 

6th.     Did  you  shew  this  draft  to  Mr.  Mitchell? 

Answer.     Yes,  we  looked  at  it  frequently  on  the  passage. 

7th.  Had  Mr.  Mitcliell  any  other  draft  that  he  shewed  you, 
or  compared  in  your  presence  with  Capt.  Sudduck's  draft  you 
shewed  him? 

Answer.     I  do  not  recollect  that  he  had. 

Sth.  Did  great  plenty  of  fish  resort  annually  to  Scoodiac  falls 
when  you  first  came  here  and  since? 

Answer.  Yes,  I  went  to  the  Magaguadavic  falls  in  the  month 
of  May  about  the  year  1765  or  6  in  a  sloop  of  75  tons  with  Capt. 
Tucker  to  carry  on  the   salmon,  shad,  and  alewive   fishery,  and 

•C.ipt.iin  Cyprian  Soutliack's  map. 


THE   BOUNDARY   LINE 


103 


finding  no  fish  at  the  falls  (as  we  only  caught  about  a  barrel  after 
being  there  seven  or  eight  days)  we  went  to  Scoodiac  River  where 
we  joined  Mr.  McCowan  &  Capt.  Nicols  who  were  there  in  two 
vessels,  one  of  about  30  and  the  other  about  45  tons,  where  we 
caught  in  company  from  800  to  1000  barrels,  chiefly  alewives, 
with  some  salmon,  shad  and  bass.  The  alewive  fishery  continues 
there  to  this  day,  where  those  who  are  after  fish  go  to  take  them. 

9th.  Do  you  know  of  any  grampuses  or  whales  going  up 
Scoodiac  River? 

Answer.  I  do  not  remember  ever  seeing  any  more  than  half 
way  between  Pleasant  Point  and  Devils  Head. 

loth.  What  part  of  Passamaquodd)  River  do  grampuses  and 
whales  resort  to  ? 

Answer.  Between  Pleasant  Point  and  Head  Harbor  but  not 
in  great  numbers. 

iith.  Are  alewives,  shad  and  salmon  caught  in  any  other  river 
in  your  neighborhood  ? 

Answer.  Up  Cobscook  on  Dennys  River  where  Mr.  Lincoln 
lives,  they  are  caught  but  not  in  plenty  as  at  Schoodiac  River. 

1 2th.     Where  is  Passamaquoddy  Harbour? 

Answer.  I  have  always  understood  Head  Harbour  to  be  Passa- 
maquoddy Harbour. 

13th.     Where  is  Passamaquoddy  River? 

Answer.  From  Head  Harbour  till  you  get  to  Scoodiac  I  call 
Passamaquoddy  main  river. 

14th.  Is  there  any  other  entrance  into  Passamaquoddy  River 
but  by  Head  Harbour? 

Answer.  There  is  a  way  by  West  Quoddy,  but  it  is  barred,  so 
that  r,t  low  water  you  cannot  come  in  with  a  whale  boat.  Vou  can 
also  come  in  by  Petit  Passage  into  St.  Andrews  l?ay,  or  Passa- 
maquoddy Bay,  which  communicates  with  Scoodiac  River. 

Question  by  Phineas  Bruce  Esquire. 

Did  you  ever  know  of  any  determinate  line  of  jurisdiction 
between  the  Provinces  of  Massachusetts  Bay  and  Xova  Scotia? 

Answer.  Mr.  Mitchell  when  he  was  coming  down  with  me  and 
while  he  was  here  told  me  Magaguadavic  would  be  the  dividing 
line. 


hlk.'. 


..^FjISHS: 


'■      ,  I! 


104 


EASTl'ORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


This  deposition  is  signed  by  John  Frost  and  sworn  to  at 
Pleasant  Point  Nov.  9,  1797,  before  Jno.  Brewer,  Justice  of 
the  Peace. 

Another  deposition  in  the  same  line,  that  of  William 
Ricker,  is  here  given,  as  it  furnishes  other  items  of  local 
interest: — 

I  William  Ricker  of  Moose  Island  in  the  Bay  of  Passama- 
quoddy  aged  sixty  four  years  do  testify,  and  declare,  that  I  have 
resided  in  said  Passamaquoddy  upwards  of  twenty  six  years,  that 
I  have  been  well  acquainted  with  the  Passamaquoddy  tribe  of 
Indians,  particularly  with  Louis  Neptune,  John  Battist  Neptune 
and  John  O.  Denny;  that  I  have  had  frequent  conversations  with 
the  said  Louis  Neptune,  John  Battist  Neptune  and  John  O.  Denny, 
and  many  other  Indians  respecting  the  River  St.  Croix;  tlrat  they 
always  called  the  Magaguadavic  River  the  St.  Croix;  that  all  the 
white  people  in  this  part  of  the  country  with  whom  I  was 
acquainted  always  called  the  Magaguadavic  the  St.  Croix  River. 
And  this  deponent  further  testifies  that  he  never  heard  the  River 
Scoodiac  called  the  St.  Croix  River,  till  the  year  seventeen  hun- 
dred eighty  three  or  four. 

Questions  by  Robert  Pagan  and  Joseph  Garnett  Esquires. 

1st.  How  many  years  ago  did  you  hear  Louis  Neptune,  John 
Battist  Neptune  and  John  O.  Denny  call  the  River  Magaguadavic 
the  St.  Croix? 

Answer.     Twenty  six  years  ago. 

2d.     On  what  occasion  did  you  hear  them  call  it  so  ? 

Answer.  Upon  no  particular  occasion,  but  generally  upon  their 
going  or  coming  from  the  Magaguadavic. 

3d.  Did  you  hear  all  the  white  people  in  this  part  of  the  coun- 
try with  whom  you  was  acquainted  always  call  the  Magaguadavic 
the  St.  Croix  River  above  twenty  years  ago? 

Answer.     Yes. 

4th.  What  are  the  names  of  some  of  your  white  acquaintances 
who  called  it  so? 

Answer.  Josejih  Connick,  William  Cheney,  James  Chaffey,  John 
Lumber,  Robert  Wilson,  William  Clerk  and  John  Curry  Esqs. 


!. 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


I  OS 


;s 


5th.     On  what  occasions  did  you  hear  them  call  it  so? 

Answer.     I  do  not  recollect. 

6th.  Who  did  you  hear  call  the  River  Scoodiac  the  St.  Croix 
since  the  year  17S3  or  1784? 

Answer.  A  Mrs.  Jones,  wife  of  Mr.  Jones  a  surveyor  who  laid 
out  the  lands  at  St.  Andrews. 

7th.  When  did  you  first  come  to  this  part  of  the  country  and 
where  did  you  begin  your  first  settlement? 

Answer.  I  came  into  this  part  of  the  country  twenty  six  years 
ago  last  April,  and  began  my  first  settlement  the  next  June  at 
Scoodiac  Falls  where  Jacob  Libbie  now  lives. 

<Sth.     Were  fish  plenty  there  at  that  time  ? 

Answer.     Yes  very  plenty. 

9th.     Of  what  kinds? 

Answer.     Salmon,  shad,  alewives.  and  bass. 

loth.     Did  grampuses  or  whales  resort  there? 

Answer.     1  saw  no  such  thing  there. 

I  ith.     Were  fish  plenty  at  Magaguadavic  at  that  time  ? 

Answer.  I  cannot  tell  for  I  don't  know  tiiat  anybody  went  there 
at  that  time  after  any  as  they  all  went  up  Scoodiac  after  them. 

1 2th.     Where  is  Passamaquoddy  Harbour? 

Answer.     I  do  not  know  any  place  particularly  called  so. 

13th.     Where  is  Passamaquoddy  River? 

Answer.  I  have  heard  of  such  a  river  lately  but  cannot  de- 
scribe it. 

14th.  Do  the  inhabitants  of  Passamaquoddy  and  its  neighbor- 
hood continue  annually  to  re:.ort  to  Scoodiac  to  take  salmon,  shad, 
and  alewives  ? 

Answer.     Yes. 

15th.  Is  there  any  other  river  in  or  about  the  Passamaquoddy 
settlement,  to  which  they  also  annually  resort  for  the  same  pur- 
pose? 

Answer.     I  don't  know  any  other. 

1 6th.  Were  grampuses  and  whales  plenty  in  any  part  of  Passa- 
maquoddy when  you  first  came  there  ? 

Answer.     Yes  —  between  Pleasant  Point  and  Head  Harbour. 

17th,     Do  you  know  of  any  being  killed  there? 

Answer.     Yes,  I  saw  Capt.  Folger  from  Nantuckett  who  came 


is 

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1 06 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


down  on  the  whaling  business  (and  made  up  his  voyage  at  Head 
Harbour)  kill  one  between  Moose  and  Dudley  Islands  which  made 
seventy  barrels  of  oil. 

17th.  What  government  did  you  consider  yourself  under  when 
you  first  came  to  this  part  of  the  country  ? 

Answer.  I  came  from  Bobtick  in  Nova  Scotia  and  began  my 
settlement  at  Scoodiac  Falls,  under  James  Boyd  Esq.  then  a  Jus- 
tice of  tlie  Peace  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  who  held  lands 
there  (as  I  understood)  under  a  grant  from  Nova  Scotia,  and  from 
thence  I  moved  to  Campo-Bello  where  the  currency  was  four  shill- 
ings and  six  pence  to  the  dollar,  which  currency  was  usual  in  the 
Bay  of  Passamaquoddy. 

Ouestion  by  Phineas  Bruce  Esq. 

1st.     What  stores  were  there  in  Passamaquoddy.'' 

Answer.  Mr.  Owen  kept  a  large  store  at  Campo-Belln,  and 
James  Boyd  &  James  Chaffey  carried  on  a  small  trade  at  Indian 
Island,  which  were  the  only  stores  I  know  in  Passamaquoddy  at 
that  time. 

2d.  Did  you  ever  know  any  determinate  of  jurisdiction  between 
the  Provinces  of  Massachusetts  Bay  and  Nova  Scotia? 

Answer.     I  did  not. 

Signed  and  sworn  to  before  John  Brewer,  Justice  of  the  Peace 
at  Pleasant  Point  Nov.  8th,  1797. 

The  following  deposition  of  James  Boyd,  found  among  the 
papers  of  Edmund  Winslow,  Esq.,  the  secretary  of  the  com- 
mission, is  furnished  for  publication  by  Winslow  Warren, 
Esq.,  of  Boston,  being  evidently  a  part  ot  the  same  series :  — 

I  James  Boyd  testify  that  in  May  1763  I  went  to  Passamaquody 
bay  to  settle  and  there  made  from  time  to  time  a  journal  which  I 
have  now  by  me,  and  which  is  as  follows ; 

Passamaquada,  May  1763 — Arrived  on  an  island  called  by  the 
natives  Jegauagoose  or  Indian  Island,  after  I  built  a  store  I  set 
out  with  a  whale  boat  and  explored  every  Island  in  the  bay,  and 
when  I  met  with  any  of  the  natives  I  got  from  them  what  name 
they  were  called  by  the  natives.  Went  up  a  river  after  entering 
the  grand  bay  by  the  harbor  LeTete  which  the  natives  named 


THE    riOUNDARY    LINE 


107 


Magegadewee.  Stopped  at  the  carrying  place.  Returned  to  the 
bay  and  viewed  Dicteguash  river,  then  Boquakeck  and  Chamkook, 
in  my  way  Connasquamkook  now  St.  Andrews.  Left  the  last  point, 
went  up  the  bay  and  found  Wachweig.  Crossed  and  went  up 
Schooduck  on  my  return.  Stopt  at  Connasquamkook  and  there 
took  on  board  of  my  whale  boat  a  small  piece  of  ordnance  and 
arrived  at  Jegauagoose,  &c.,  &;c. 

Went  to  an  island  on  the  north  east  side  of  the  Bay  which  Island 
had  been  settled  a  considerable  time  before  by  the  .subjects  of 
France,  a  good  point  of  the  Island  and  the  works  of  a  breast  work 
or  entrenchments  in  the  harbor  at  high  water.  This  Island  ap- 
pears surrounded  by  Islands,  at  low  water  you  can  go  from  some 
of  them  to  others.  Went  up  to  Cobskook,  there  found  a  small 
river.  At  my  return  most  of  the  natives  had  arrived  at  Jegaua- 
goose. After  conversing  with  them  I  got  the  names  of  all  the 
Islands  and  rivers  in  Passamaquada,  the  harbc^ur  LeTang  and  har- 
bour LeTete  and  found  wherever  the  natives  had  buried  they 
erected  a  cross  either  on  Islands  or  on  the  main  land.  In  1764 
John  Mitchel  Esq  arrived  in  this  place  to  survey  Passamaquada. 
Mr.  Jones  asked  my  leave  to  store  his  provisions,  and  that  I  would 
call  the  Indians  together,  that  he  had  Governor  Bernard's  orders 
to  assemble  all  of  them.  I  did  as  he  asked  me.  They  met  by  my 
store.  I  was  present  and  heard  Jones'  commission  read.  The 
interpreter  spoke  to  the  Indians  and  interpreted  the  whole.  Cap- 
tain Jones  desired  the  interpreter  to  ask  the  Indians  if  they  knew 
of  a  river  by  the  name  of  St.  Croix.  They  answered  Yes.  Would 
they  show  it  to  the  Surveyors,  Yes.  Where  do  you  say  it  is,  they 
answered  near  by  harbour  LeTete. 

They  appointed  a  day  and  I  was  appointed  interpreter.  The 
day  appointed  came.  Capt.  Jones  hired  a  whale  boat  of  me.  We 
left  Jegauagoose  and  arrived  at  harbour  LeTete,  found  Bungawar- 
rawit  (the  Governor)  ready  with  the  other  Indians.  We  left  this, 
and  arrived  at  the  river  and  after  the  interpreter  asked  the  Indians 
if  this  was  the  river  known  to  them  by  the  name  of  St.  Croix,  they 
said,  Yes.  He  asked  them  if  they  knew  the  nature  of  an  oath, — 
they  answered,  Yes,  that  they  had  sworn  to  serve  the  King  of 
France  and  should  declare  the  truth,  and  the  interpreter  took  their 
oath. 


:-,%!:.  4- 


tif 


f  ■: 


1 08 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


It  was  repoited  there  that  at  the  time  Colonel  Church  took  the 
French  which  were  settled  at  Passamaquady  he  threw  up  two 
breastworks,  one  on  Pleasant  Point,  the  other  on  Conisquamkook. 
and  then  went  and  reduced  Annapolis  on  the  northeast  side  of  the 
bay  of  Fundy.  Some  time  before  Quebeck  was  taken  from  the 
French  Captain  Hector  McNeal  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  harbour 
Le  Tang.  It  was  Indians  which  took  him.  One  Frenchman  who 
married  an  Indian  was  with  the  Indians.  They  gave  Captain 
McXeal  the  names  of  sundry  places.  The  Indians  carried  Cap- 
tain MjXeal's  vessel  to  Conasquamkook  and  there  unloaded  a 
good  deal  of  the  cargo.  McNeal  had  some  small  guns  and  swivels. 
The  Indians  left  one  gun  to  give  an  alarm  wlien  needed.  The 
Indians  then  carried  the  vessel  to  St.  John's  River  and  carried 
their  captives  up  tliis  river  to  Ouebeck. 

All  the  facts  above  related  I  declare  to  be  true. 

Questions  put  to  James  Boyd,  i;s(|.,  by  the  agent  for  the  United 
States : 

1.  Were  there  any  white  inhabitants  on  the  shores  or  Islands  of 
Passamafjuada  Bay  when  you  went  there  in  1763? 

Answer.  None  only  the  natives.  Tlie  neare.'.t  white  inhabi- 
tants were  at  St.  Johns  or  Machias. 

2.  Were  there  any  appearances  of  former  inliabitants  on  the 
shores  and  islands  of  said  bay,  what  were  the  appearances,  and 
where  were  they  said  to  be  made  ? 

Ans.  There  were  Indian  bark  huts,  but  no  framed  house  or 
marks  of  any  French  or  Englisli  house. 

3.  What  people  were  then  reported  by  tlie  Indians  and  others 
to  have  lived  there  —  how  long  had  they  been  removed  and  was  it 
reported  who  had  removed  them  ? 

Ans.  There  have  been  no  inhabitants  on  these  shores  or  islands 
since  the  descent  of  Colonel  Churrh,  as  1  have  been  always  told 
by  the  Indians. 

4.  Did  John  Currie  go  there  with  you.  or  when  did  he  arrive 
there? 

Ans.  lie  did  not  go  with  me.  but  he  came  there  in  the  year 
1770. 

5.  Was  there  a  civil  jurisdiction  exercised  by  the  (^.overnment  ot 
Nova  Scotia  over  the  people  there,  when  did  it  begin,  and  how  far 
west  did  it  extend  ? 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


109 


Ans.  The  jurisdiction  began  at  St.  Johns  river,  but  liow  far 
west  it  extended  I  am  unable  to  say  any  further  than  will  appear 
from  a  Commission  which  I  received  as  a  Justice  of  the  Peace 
for  the  County  of  Sunbury  and  district  adjoining  westward,  and 
which  I  believe  was  the  first  civil  commission  raised  for  that  quar- 
ter of  the  country,  a  copy  of  which  commission  is  annexed. 

6.  What  was  the  name  of  what  is  now  calkd  St.  Andrews  point 
when  you  went  there  ? 

Ans.     Conasquamkook. 

7.  Did  you  ever  know  Alexander  Hodges,  who  he  is  and  wiiun 
did  he  come  to  Passamaquady  ^ 

Ans.  I  knew  him.  He  came  ilrst  to  Passamaquady  as  a  ser- 
vant to  a  certain  Mr.  John  Frost  of  .Machias,  an  Indian  trader. 
He  was  very  illiterate. 

S.  Did  you  ever  know  an  Indian  by  the  name  of  Louis  Neptune, 
and  did  you  ever  hear  him  swear  or  say  which  was  the  river 
St.  Croix. 

Ans.  I  did,  but  to  give  a  more  full  answer  to  tlie  question  it  is 
necessary  to  state  that  I  know  several  Indians  of  the  name  of 
Lewis  Neptune.  This  is  a  name  which  was  very  common  among 
the  Indians  of  Penobscot,  Passamaquady  and  St.  Johns  —  i)ut  the 
Lewis  Neptune  which  I  refer  to  was  of  the  Passama(|uady  tribe 
and  who  was  one  of  the  persons  appointed  by  his  father  Hnnga- 
warrawit,  or  John  Neptune,  (tlicn  Governor  of  that  tribe)  to  go 
with  Jones  and  Mitchel  and  point  out  to  them  which  was  the  river 
called  .Saint  Croix,  and  which  liie  said  Lewis  Neptune  did  tlien 
and  there,  standing  on  a  piece  of  land  on  the  north  side  <  1  the 
.Magaguadavic,  in  concurrence  with  two  other  Indians,  declare  the 
Magaguadavic  to  be  the  same  river  Ivnown  among  the  Indians  by 
the  name  of  St.  Croix,  and  further  to  distinguish  anil  identify  tlie 
said  Lewis  Neptune,  he  was  called  by  tiie  Indians  liacksucces, 
which  means  a  man  of  great  strength  —  or  having  the  strength  of 
a  bear. 


Jamf.s  Hovn.  J.  P 


I 


m 

LJSJ 

no 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


COMMONWKAI.TH  OF  MaSSACHUSKTT.S 

Suffolk,  ss,  August  lo,  1798. 


1 


James  Boyd  Esquire  personally  appeared  and  being  duly  cau- 
tioned and  carefully  examined  subscribed  and  made  oath  to  the 
truth  of  the  foregoing  deposition,  the  same  being  taken  at  the 
request  of  James  Sullivan  Esquire,  agent  for  the  United  States, 
to  be  used  before  the  Commissioners  appointed  to  settle  the  Saint 
Croix  boundary. 
Taken  and  sworn  to  before  me, 

Geokge  Richards  iMixor, 
Justice  of  the  Peace  and  Quorum. 

The  ne.\t  document  does  not  refer  to  the  dispute  about 
the  St.  Croix,  but  appears  to  be  a  copy  of  a  statement  pre- 
pared to  show  that  Moose  Island  as  well  as  the  other  islands 
in  Passamaquoddy  l^ay  had  been  considered  under  the  juris- 
diction of  Nova  Scotia  :  — 

John  Curry  Esqr.  of  the  County  of  Charlotte  in  the  Province  of 
New  Prunswick,  upon  his  oath  testifieth  and  sayith.  That  he  has 
resided  at  Passamaquoddy,  formerly  within  the  Province  of  Nova 
Scotia,  and  now  in  tiiis  Province  since  the  year  1770,  and  that  in 
the  year  1774  he  was  honored  with  a  commission  of  the  i'eace 
from  liis  Ex'cy  Francis  Legg  IOsc[.  then  Ciovcrnor  of  Nova  Scotia; 
that  from  tlie  year  1770  till  the  commencement  of  the  late  war, 
Courts  of  (ieneral  Cessions  of  tlie  Peace  was  held  agreeable  to 
a  law  of  the  said  Province  of  Nova  Scotia  on  tiie  Island  of  Cam- 
pobello.  and  during  that  time  (as  might  fully  appear  by  tlie  Dock- 
etts  of  sail!  courts,  had  they  not  been  taken  from  the  deponent 
with  several  other  books  and  papers  by  an  American  Privateer  in 
the  year  1778)  Moose  Island,  Deer  Island,  Indian  Island,  and  all 
other  islands  in  said  Iiay  of  Passamatpioddy  were  within  tlio  juris- 
diction of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and  that  the  inhabitants 
of  all  the  islands  in  tiie  said  Pay  were  regularly  summoned  and 
attended  the  different  Courts  held  at  Campobello,  and  always  con- 
sidered themselves  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Province  of  Nova 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


III 


Scotia.  The  deponent  further  sayith,  that  James  Cochran  then 
and  now  an  inhabitant  of  Moose  Island,  was  appointed  as  deputy 
Provost  Marshall  for  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy,  and  was  by 
said  deponent  sworn  into  office,  wliich  he  held  and  executed  within 
the  said  district,  till  the  commencement  of  the  late  war,  which  put 
a  stop  to  all  Juditiall  proceedings. 

The  deponent  further  sayith  that  all  the  inhabitants  upon  the 
Cobscook  Rivci,  and  those  who  resided  within  twelve  miles  to 
the  westward  of  Moose  Island  aforesaitl,  which  was  the  extent  of 
settlement  at  that  lime,  considered  and  acknowledged  themselves 
within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  said  Province  of  Nova  Scotia,  and 
also  regularly  attended  the  Courts  holden  on  the  Island  of  Campo- 
bello.  The  deponent  further  sayith  that  William  Owen,  Plato 
Demray,  James  Iloyd,  William  Sherwood,  John  .Moro,  Thomas 
Proctor  and  Benjamin  Voxhall  were  all  inhabitants  and  >'p.^is- 
trates  of  said  district  and  held  their  commissions  under  the  Gov- 
ernor of  X.  S.,  and  that  none  of  said  .Magistrates  excei)ting  the 
deponent  now  resides  in  this  Province.  He  further  sayitii  that 
during  his  residence  in  said  district  tlie  (lovernment  ot  .Massa 
chusetts  Hay  wliile  under  the  authority  of  ().  B.  never  claimed 
any  jurisdiction  over  the  inhabitants  of  said  district,  never  ap- 
pointed any  civil  officers,  but  when  aggrieved  applied  for  redres.s 
to  the  laws  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Then  follows  copy  of  another  docuttient :  — 


Wo  the  subscriiiers  inhabitants  of  the  County  of  Charlotte  in 
the  Province  of  New  Brunswick,  have  resided  within  the  district 
of  Passamaquoddy  since  the  year  1770,  testify  and  declare  that 
ever  since  our  said  residence  we  have  considered  ourselves  within 
the  limits  of  the  Province  of  Nova  Scotia  and  since  the  appoint- 
ment oi  civil  officers  ir  said  district  l)y  the  tiov.  of  N.  .S.  which 
was  in  the  year  1770  we  have  at  different  limes  attended  the 
Courts  held  on  the  Island  of  Campobello,  and  tlie  inhabitants  of 
Moose  Island,  and  all  the  islands  in  the  Bay  of  l'assama(|uoddy, 
as  well  as  those  on  the  Cobscook  River  and  twelve  miles  to  the 
westward  t>f   said    Moose    Island   always  considered    their  selves 


f  ^ 


I 


MM 


1 


j 


'1    ! 


I   :■■■'> 


I  12 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


under  the  government  of  N.  S.  and  attended  the  Courts  held  on 
Campobello  aforesaid. 


Thos.  Terrell, 
James  Chaffey, 
John  Lawless,* 
John  Fountain, 
Wm.  Elwcll, 
Alex'r  Hodge, 
Henry  Bowen, 
Wm.  Ricker, 
Wm.  Crow, 
Andrew  Lyod,* 
Hibbard  Hunt, 
Joseph  Cormock, 


Deer  Island 

Indian  Island 

Deer  Island 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 
Moose  Island 

Do. 

Do. 
Campobello 

Do. 
Deer  Island 


These  two  papers  with  the  names  are  in  the  same  hand- 
writing, as  are  also  the  following  memoranda,  describing  the 
several  islands  within  the  disputed  jurisdiction  :  — 

On  iMoose  Island  there  is  about  two  hundred  acres  of  cleared 
land,  and  about  forty  five  head  of  horned  cattle.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  in  fishing  during  the  season.  The  lands  are 
generally  good,  and  the  timber  chiefly  hard  wood;  has  always 
been  under  the  jurisdiction  of  Nova  .Scotia  and  a  James  Coffran 
acted  as  Deputy  Sherreff. 

Hubbards  Island,  now  called  Aliens  or  Duttons  contains  about 
two  lunidred  acres,  about  four  acres  cleared  —  has  only  a  Col. 
Allen  his  wife,  and  four  children,  (lood  lands  and  chiefly  hard 
wood;  lays  about  south,  distance  about  three  miles  from  Moose 
Island. 

Le  Darneys  Island,  contains  about  20  acres  of  land,  lays  from 
Aliens  Island  about  SW.,  distance  about  two  roods  —  the  only 
inhabitant  is  Lewis  LeDarnie,t  who  acts  as  Naval  officer  for  the 
state        Massachusetts,  and  keeps  his  office  on  the  island. 

•  ow  I.loyd,  grantlf.illur,  and  Jcilui  Lawless,  great-Krnndfnther,  nf  William  Lloyd 

darrison,  the  ami-slavery  reformer. 

t  Lewis  I".   Dplosderiiicr,  the  successor  of  Samuel  Tattle  as  collecdr  of  excise  for 
Massachusclts,  and  afterward  fnst  collector  of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy. 


s. 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


II 


West  Ouaddy  Island,  lays  about  SK.  of  Le  Darneys  Island, 
about  three  quarters  of  a  mile:  contains  about  one  acre,  has  no 
inhabitants,  makes  West  Ouaddy  a  good  Harbour. 

Barr  Island,*  lays  from  Frosi's  at  Pleasant  Point  about  SW. 
distance  about  5  or  6  rood  from  the  Main  Land,  contains  about 
200  acres:  no  inlialiitants,  the  land  good,  no  person  claims  it;  a 
good  deal  of  mash. 

There  has  come  down  to  us  the  record  of  an  interview 
which  the  British  agents  sought  and  secured  with  the  chief 
and  other  principal  men  of  the  Passamaquoddy  tribe  of  In- 
dians, at  the  time  the  former  were  preparing  their  case  for 
presentation  to  the  commission,  which  had  not  then  begun 
its  sessions.  The  story  of  the  Indians,  with  its  mixture  of 
fact  and  myth,  seems  worthy  of  a  phtce  in  these  sketches,  so 
it  is  given  in  full  :  — 

On  the  seventh  day  of  August,  1796,  iMr.  R.  Pagan,  at  the  re- 
quest of  Mr.  Cliipman,  sent  a  message  to  Francis  Joseph,  Chief 
of  the  Passamaquoddy  tribe  of  Indians,  who  was  then  at  I 'leas- 
ant  Point  on  the  west  shore  at  the  entrance  of  Passamaquoddy 
IJay,  requesting  him  to  come  to  St  Andrews  to  giv<;  Mr.  Chipman 
information  respecting  the  Sco'idiac  River.  On  the  Sth  in  the 
morning,  Francis  Joseph  came  up  attended  by  Xicola  Francis 
Xavier,  and  six  other  Indians.  Mr.  Chipman  met  them  at  Mr. 
Pagan's  house,  where  Mr.  LeCott,  French  Interpreter,  attended, 
and  in  the  presence  of  Mr.  Pagan  and  .Mr.  Chi])nian.  communi- 
cated to  the  Indians  Mr.  Chipman's  wish  to  obtain  information 
from  them  respecting  the  first  coming  oi  the  lOuropeans  into  this 
part  of  the  country.  They  at  first  declined  answering  any  c|ues- 
tions,  because  they  said  only  one  party  was  present,  having  ex- 
pected that  some  .Vmerican  gentlemen,  among  whom  was  Gen- 
eral Knox,  then  in  an  American  sloop  up  the  Scoudiac  Rivei- 
would  have  attended  at  the  meeting.  They  were  then  told  that 
this  was  not  a  formal  conference,  th.it  the  only  object  of  the  mes- 
sage was  to  request  Francis  Joseph  to  come  up  to  hold  a  friendly 
conversation  respecting  the  tradition  among  the  Indians  relative 


What 


jw  oil  Carlow's  Island. 


fs 


i!;i 


h\ 


114 


EASTl'ORT    AND    PASSAM AQUODDY 


to  the  first  coming  of  the  Europeans  here;  that  we  were  glad 
however  to  see  so  many  of  them  come  up ;  that  we  wished  not  io 
obtain  any  opinion  from  them  respecting  the  Scoudiac  as  a  boun- 
dary line,  but  merely  to  learn  some  historical  facts  that  had  as  wc 
supposed  been  handed  down  to  them  from  their  forefathers,  but 
that  if  they  had  any  objection  or  disinclination  to  gratify  us.  we 
wished  not  to  urge  them. 

They  thereupon  gave  the  following  information  :  That  two  or 
three  hundred  years  ago  the  French  came  in  three  or  four  ships 
to  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  entered  at  thv.  L'Etete  Passage  and 
erected  a  cross  at  the  entrance  of  the  Magaguadavic  River,  upon 
Point  ISIeagique,  that  they  soon  after  removed  and  erected  a  cross 
upon  St.  Andrews  Point,  on  St.  Andrews  day  celebrated  Mass 
there  and  gave  it  the  name  of  St.  Andrews;  that  at  that  lime  the 
Indians  were  clothed  in  skins,  which  the  French  purchased  of 
tliem,  and  gave  them  in  return  knives,  hatchets,  and  rurtled  shirts, 
that  the  French  at  their  request  set  blacksmiths  to  work  on  board 
the  ships,  and  furnished  them  with  such  iron  implements  as  they 
described  their  want  of;  that  the  French  remained  long  enough 
to  load  the  ships  with  furs  and  then  returned  to  France.  That 
the  ne.\t  year  they  came  again  with  four  ships  and  went  to  the 
small  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scoudiac  River:  that  this  island 
was  the  place  of  resort  for  the  Indians  to  deposit  their  articles 
both  in  going  up  and  coming  down  the  Scoudiac  River,  and  has  a 
name  describing  that  as  its  use  ;  that  the  French  landed  there  and 
remained  some  months,  but  finding  that  the  water  upon  the  island 
was  not  good,  and  had  a  poisonous  quality,  and  that  a  mortality 
as  they  supposed  from  that  cause  prevailed  among  them,  they 
went  away  ;  that  at  this  time  they  did  not  traffic ;  that  all  the 
adjacent  country  was  full  of  Indians;  that  the  French  came  to  this 
small  island  because  they  could  there  defend  themselves ;  that 
they  did  not  go  to  any  other  island  or  remain  on  shore  at  any 
other  place,  fnmi  their  fear  of  the  Indians,  who  were  not  willing 
they  should  land  upon  the  main,  or  any  large  island,  lest  they 
should  claim  a  right  of  possession.  Tiiat  this  island  was  larger 
than  it  now  is,  and  that  the  sea  has  washed  it  away  from  the  rocks 
on  the  lower  side.  That  the  small  hill  or  island  towards  the  sea 
had  always  remained  distinct  by  itself,  and  the  water  on  the  in- 
side and  near  to  it  is  very  deep. 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


"5 


r 

s 
a 

i- 


In  further  conversation  they  said  that  after  erecting  the  cross 
at  the  Magaguadavic,  the  French  Priest  went  up  to  the  forks  of 
that  river,  and  there  put  some  earth  in  his  handkerchief,  and  said 
'•this  is  the  place."'  There  appeared  to  be  a  strong  inclination  in 
them  to  favor  the  idea  that  the  Magaguadavic  was  the  boundary 
river,  and  of  their  having  been  instructed  on  the  subject.  They 
denied  that  the  Scoudiac  River  retained  that  name  above  where 
Cristie's  Mills  now  are,  and  one  of  them  in  Mr.  Pagan's  store 
previous  to  the  conversation  said,  that  the  Magaguadavic  certainly 
was  the  boundary  line. 

We  found  the  same  disposition  in  Thoma  Louis,  who  on  Satur- 
day the  6th,  gave  us,  when  up  the  Scoudiac,  a  plan  of  the  western 
branch  of  that  river:  upon  asking  him  which  was  the  main  branch, 
he  said  the  Clieputnacook  was  the  main  branch,  but  at  the  same 
time  upon  being  asked  the  question,  declared  that  all  the  stream, 
and  lakes  which  he  laid  down  upon  the  western  branch  retained 
the  name  of  Scoudiac. 

The  Indians  at  the  conversation  told  us  that  Passamaquoddy 
was  so  called  from  the  great  quantity  of  Pollock  taken  there ; 
that  Scoudiac  meant  a  great  clear  place,  because  all  the  country 
had  been  burnt ;  that  .Magaguadavic  was  so  called  on  account  of 
the  high  hill ;  upon  it. 

They  mentioned  an  anecdote  upon  the  first  arriving  of  the 
French,  that  the  French  officer  gave  to  two  Indians  a  glass  of 
spirits  each,  and  immediately  ordered  a  gun  to  be  fired,  upon 
which  one  of  them  let  the  glass  drop  out  of  his  hand  and  fall 
down,  while  the  other  steadily  drank  off  the  last  drop  without 
riinching.  That  at  that  time  the  Indians  did  not  like  guns  as  an 
article  of  traffic  because  they  made  too  much  noise. 

Kneas  Moon,  a  Canadian  Indian  who  spoke  French,  held  the 
conversation  with  LeCotte  during  the  interview.  I  afterwards 
saw  him  at  my  quarters,  and  showed  him  tiie  plan  of  the  Scoudiac 
which  Thoma  Louis  had  drawn  for  me  on  Saturday;  he  knew  it 
at  once  and  said  the  whole  river  there  laid  down  was  called  Scou- 
diac. I'pon  itiy  telling  him  1  did  not  exactly  recollect  whether  it 
was  said  that  tiie  cross  was  removed  from  tlie  mouth  of  the  Maga- 
guadavic, he  said  the  cross  was  not  removed,  but  that  another 
cross  was  erected  at  St.  Andrews  at  the  time  referred  to. 


ii6 


EASTPORT  AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Capt.  Nicola  Anawan.  67  years  old,  said  the  Indians  called  the 
Magaguadavic  the  St.  Croix,  because  there  was  a  cross  put  up 
there  by  the  French,  and  the  whole  river  was  called  St.  Croix 
when  he  was  a  boy,  and  did  not  know  that  the  Scoudiac  was  ever 
called  St.  Croix.  The  two  islands  on  this  side  of  Devils  Head 
are  called  Muttoneguis  and  Muttonegwenish,  a  great  and  little 
island,  where  was  a  store  to  deposit  things. 

If  after  this  accumulation  of  evidence  there  were  any 
doubt  that  the  Magaguadavic  was  known  as  the  St.  Croix 
at  and  before  the  earliest  settlements  of  English-speaking 
people  in  this  vicinity,  the  following  document,  which  ap- 
pears to  be  a  statement  from  English  settlers  on  the  dis- 
puted territory  west  of  that  river,  gives  additional  corrobora- 
tion. Only,  as  appears  by  the  words  which  are  here  put  in 
Italics  (though  not  so  in  the  original),  the  claim  is  made  that 
there  were  two  rivers,  each  known  as  the  St.  Croix,  emptying 
into  Passamaquoddy  13ay  :  — 

St.  An'dukws,  Chart. otte  County,  } 

Provi.xce  of  New  Bkunswick,  Dec.  1795.  ^ 

Sir:  Having  understood  that  the  Commercial  Treaty  between 
Great  Britain  and  the  United  States  has  been  ratified  by  His 
Majesty,  and  conceiving  ourselves  deeply  interested  in  the  opera- 
tion of  the  fifth  article,  we  feel  it  our  duty  to  address  you  on 
behalf  of  the  British  subjects  settled  upon  the  territory  in  dispute 
between  the  two  powers,  or  at  least  that  part  of  the  County  of 
Charlotte  which  is  situated  Ijetween  f/ie  lesser  and  ^s^reatcr  St. 
Croix  Rivers,  more  commonly  known  as  the  Mau,aguadavick  and 
Scodiac  Rivers,  which  empty  into  the  Grand  iiay  of  Passama- 
quoddy—  comprehending  part  of  the  parish  of  St.  tleorge  —  and 
the  whole  of  the  parishes  of  Saint  Patrick,  Saint  Andrews,  .Saint 
David,  and  .Saint  .Stephen.  A  very  few  settlers  having  come  to 
this  Country  previous  to  the  jjcace  of  1783,  tiie  settlements  within 
these  limits  having  been  formed  since,  chiefly  by  Loyalists  and 
disbanded  soldiers,  the  lands  on  the  .Magaguadavick  in  St.  George 
were  settled   mostly  by  the   Ro\al   Fencible  -American  Regiment. 


THE    BOUNPARV    LINE 


117 


Some  emigrants  from  New  Hampshire  seated  themselves  at  St. 
David,  and  a  number  of  Loyalists  &c.  who  were  disappointed  in 
the  quality  of  the  land  allotted  them  at  Port  Merton,  Xova  Scotia, 
had  lands  assigned  them  at  St.  Stephen  —  but  tlie  most  extensive 
settlement  has  been  made  by  the  troops  and  Loyalists  from 
Penobscot,  forming  a  margin  ujjon  the  liay  upwards  of  —  miles  in 
length,  embracing  the  shores  of  nearly  four  parishes.  P'rom  the 
time  the  British  took  post  at  Penobscot  in  1779,  great  encourage- 
ment for  settlers  was  held  forth  by  the  commandants,  and  prom- 
ises were  made  that  they  should  be  secured  in  their  possessions 
as  soon  as  a  Civil  Government  should  be  established,  on  the  faith 
of  whicli  several  persons  sensible  of  its  importance  as  a  lumber 
country,  fixed  themselves  there  in  full  confidence  that  if  the  Inde- 
pendence of  the  American  States  should  be  acknowledged  by  Mis 
Majesty  and  a  boundary  assigned,  the  British  Government  would 
not  consent  to  its  being  brought  to  the  eastward  of  Penobscot 
River ;  but  to  their  great  surprise,  loss  and  mortification,  they 
learnt  by  the  Treaty  of  Peace,  and  the  debates  in  i'arliament 
thereupon,  that  the  Province  of  Maine  was  not  considered  as 
a  lumber  country,  and  that  the  line  of  separation  between  the  two 
Governments  was  fixed  at  the  St.  Croix.  Whereupon  tlie  objects 
of  their  settlement  at  Penobscot  being  defeated,  their  attention 
was  turned  to  this  quarter,  and  having  informed  themselves  of 
a  convenient  situation  for  trade  &c.,  agents  were  appointed  to 
transact  the  necessary  business  with  the  commander  in  chief  at 
New  York,  and  the  Governor  of  Xova  Scotia  at  Halifax,  where 
previous  to  obtaining  a  grant,  it  became  necessary  to  escheat  tlie 
lands,  for  they  had  formerly  been  granted  and  the  conditions  left 
unfulfilled.  No  idea  of  their  bearing  a  dispute  was  then  sug- 
gested, but  on  the  contrary  every  encouragement  was  offered  l^y 
that  Government  to  induce  as  many  settlers  as  ])ossible  to  repair 
hither,  and  the  eldest  son  of  the  Surveyor-General,  Mr,  .Morris, 
a  young  gentleman  brought  up  in  that  office,  was  appointed  to 
attend  the  survey  and  location  of  these  lands.  The  settlers  re- 
moved hither  in  the  fall  of  17.S3.  On  their  arrival  at  St.  Andrews, 
a  person  who  had  been  a  warm  i)artisan  of  the  American  cause, 
came  in  a  birch  canoe,  ordered  them  to  remove,  and  forbid  their 
settling  within  the  American  territory :  but  confiding  in  the  assur- 


ii  i'  i  S  ^ 


ii8 


EASTPORT   AND    I'ASSAM AQUODDY 


ances  of  (Government,  and  as  he  did  not  produce  any  commission 
to  authorize  his  behavior,  he  was  disregarded. 

In  the  summer  of  1784  it  was  rumoured  that  commissioners 
were  appointed  by  Congress  to  examine  which  of  the  rivers  was 
the  St.  Croix,  we  understood  that  Generals  Lincoln,  Knox,  and 
Jackson,  had  come  for  that  purpose  who  proceeded  in  a  vessel  to 
the  mouths  of  the  two  rivers,  without  entering  either,  or  landing 
within  the  British  line,  and  on  their  return  reported  in  favor  of 
the  eastern  river  or  Magaguadavick.  As  at  that  time  we  were  not 
separated  from  Nova  Scotia,  the  agents  for  the  settlement  repre- 
sented the  matter  to  (Jov.  Parr,  who  assured  them  of  His  Majesty's 
protection.  These  assurances  were  renewed  by  His  Excellency 
Governor  Carleton  soon  after  he  took  possession  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  New  Brunswick :  but  what  we  considered  more  jjarticu- 
larly  added  to  our  security  was  a  letter  from  Lord  Sydney  to  Gov. 
Parr,  on  the  subject  of  the  l>oundary  Line,  a  copy  whereof  was 
transmitted  to  us  from  Halifax,  wherein  assurances  were  given 
that  His  Majesty  is  determined  to  protect  his  faithful  and  legal 
sul)jects  in  the  peaceable  possession  of  their  lands.  Although  we 
had  at  all  times  placed  great  reliance  u])on  the  promises  of  Gov- 
ernment, yet  that  letter  established  in  our  minds  a  confidence 
which  has  remained  unshaken  till  the  publication  of  the  Treaty 
which  has  excited  an  alarm,  as  we  find  ourselves  thereby  involved 
in  very  precarious  circumstances  respecting  our  landed  property, 
and  in  a  manner  consigned  for  chance  to  decide  to  which  of  the 
two  Governments  we  must  be  subject.  .  .  . 

Th.e  Scodinc  is  by  far  the  most  conoiderablc  river  bearing  the 
name  of  St.  Croix;  following  its  courses  about  —  miles  from  the 
mouth  it  forks  into  two  large  branches,  the  one  extending  to  the 
northward  towards  the  St.  John,  called  by  the  Indians  Cheputnate- 
cook,  the  other  to  the  southwest,  called  by  the  Indians  Scodiac, 
taking  its  source  near  that  of  the  Penobscot.  The  Cheputnate- 
cook  is  wider  than  the  other  at  its  mouth,  but  is  neither  so  long  nor 
so  deep.  The  British  Surveyors  who  have  explored  these  two 
branches,  decide  in  favor  of  the  westernmost  as  the  true  Scodiac, 
indeed  the  Indians  who  pass  and  repass  at  all  seasons  giving  that 
branch  the  same  name  with  the  main  river  supports  this  decision; 
but   the   Amc'can    Government   appears  disposed   to  claim   the 


i     I- 


THE    BOUNDARY'    LINE 


119 


Clieputnatecook  as  the  main  branch,  provided  the  Magaguadavic 
is  not  allowed  as  the  boundary  line.  .  .  .  This  country  abounds 
with  pine,  spruce,  hemlock,  maple,  beach,  oak,  ash,  and  elm 
timber,  the  resources  of  which  appear  almost  inexhaustable,  par- 
ticularly the  pine,  as  notwithstanding  the  immense  quantity  of 
pine  lumber  exported  during  our  residence  here,  several  cargoes 
of  masts,  yards  and  bowsprits  for  the  Royal  Navy  within  the  last 
two  years,  have  been  procured  within  a  very  small  distance  from 
the  shore,  with  great  ease  and  at  trifling  expense.  .  .  .  American 
vessels  have  loaded  in  the  Scodiac  River  with  cargoes  of  British 
lumber  which  has  been  carried  to  different  ports  in  the  states,  and 
used  for  home  consumption,  being  of  a  superior  quality;  and  the 
contractors  for  building  the  new  State  House  at  Boston  have 
found  it  more  convenient  to  procure  the  chief  part  of  their  wooden 
materials  from  us,  than  from  any  of  their  ports  less  distant.  .  .  . 
However  we  continue  to  place  our  firm  dependence  upon  His 
Majesty's  most  gracious  promise,  and  should  the  report  of  the 
commissioners  so  operate  as  to  transfer  our  possessions  over  to 
the  American  jurisdiction,  we  fully  trust  in  the  justice  and  gener- 
osiiy  which  the  ISritish  Government  have  evinced  on  all  former 
occasions,  will  be  extended  towards  us,  and  that  full  compensation 
will  be  made  for  every  loss  and  injury  which  an  unfortunate 
chance  of  circumstances  may  produce. 


The  letter  from  Lord  Sidney  to  Governor  Parr,  referred 
to,  was  dated  at  Whitehall,  March  8,  1785  ;  and  from  it  are 
made  the  following  extracts:  — 

The  plans  made  use  of  by  the  commissioners  at  the  time  of 
negotiation  published  by  Mitchell  in  tiie  year  1755  seem  to  be  so 
inaccurate,  that  no  sort  of  dependence  can  be  placed  upon  them. 
for  ascertaining  which  of  the  rivers  could  be  meant  as  the  said 
boundary,  for  neither  of  them  are  correctly  laid  down,  but  it  must 
naturally  be  concluded  that  when  one  of  the  two  rivers  of  the 
same  name  with  the  distinction  only  of  Great  St.  Croix  is  to  be 
fixed  upon  as  the  boundary,  and  such  distinction  shall  not  have 
been  particularized,  the  preference  must  of  course  determine  in 
favor  of  that  river  which  shall  happen  to  be  the  most  consid- 
erable. .  .  . 


[cu 


*  y 


i  K 


m 

-1' 


y-  r 


I20 


EASTPORT    AND   PASSAMAQUODDV 


His  Majesty's  ministers  can  hy  no  means  admit  tiiat  the  river 
fixed  upon  by  Mr.  Hancock  can  be  considered  as  the  line  oi  sepa- 
ration between  the  United  States  and  the  territory  still  remaining; 
in  His  Majesty's  possession:  and  although  the  Kin<;  is  equally 
disposed  to  cultivate  that  peace  and  harmony  which  for  the  mutual 
advantage  of  this  Kin;,aloni  and  the  United  States  ought  to  sub- 
sist, vet  llis  Majesty  feels  himself  called  upon  to  refuse  a  com- 
pliance with  the  requisition  which  has  been  made  for  the  removal 
of  his  subjects  now  in  possession  of  lands  on  the  western  side  of 
the  Little  St.  Croix  and  between  that  and  the  Greatest  St.  Croix 
or  Schudiack,  which  latter  must  be  considered  tiie  line  of  separa- 
tion, and  His  Majesty  is  determined  to  protect  his  faithful  and 
loyal  subjects  in  the  peaceable  possession  of  these  lands.  I  shall 
write  to  (iov.  Carleton  hy  this  opportunity  fully  on  the  subject,  to 
enable  him  to  reply  to  Gov.  Hancock's  letter,  and  His  Majesty's 
ministers  will  be  ready  to  take  such  further  steps  as  may  be  nec- 
essary for  settling  this  dispute  in  the  most  amicable  way,  and  such 
as  I  hope  will  prevent  any  doubts  or  inconveniences  arising  in 
future  upon  this  disagreeable  subject, 

A  not  inappropriate  title  for  these  sketches  would  be 
"The  Hunt  after  a  Lost  River."  There  are  streams  in 
the  world  known  as  lost  rivers. —  well-defined  watercourses 
which,  after  flowing  across  the  country,  leap  out  of  sight  into 
some  rocky  chasm  or  fade  away  among  desert  sands.  But 
not  so  did  the  St.  Croi.x  of  the  Acadian  discoverers  disap- 
pear. It  was  known  to  be  somewhere  extant,  and  had 
simply  lost  identity  and  strayed  away.  The  Americ^iti  com- 
missioners at  Paris  found  upon  the  map  which  had  been 
brought  from  England  by  the  liriiish  agents  a  river  of  that 
name  distinctly  shown  as  the  most  eastern  of  the  streaius 
entering  the  l!ay  of  Passamaquoddy  ;  and,  as  this  position 
was  well  sustained  by  local  evidence,  the  government  of  the 
United  States  claimed  that  it  should  be  made  the  boundary 
line.  The  British  government,  without  disputing  the  fact 
that  this  easternmost  river  was  properly  called  the  St,  Croix, 


THE    ROUNDARV    'INK 


I  2  I 


claimed  that  it  was  not  tiie  only  river  of  that  name  entering 
the  same  bay,  there  being  another  larger  and  more  impor- 
tant stream  which  should  be  considered  the  St.  Croix  of  the 
treaty.  When  De  Monts  and  his  fellow-voyagers  sailed  up 
the  River  of  the  Etechemins,  as  they  called  it  (now  known  to 
us  as  the  Schoodic),  they  gave  to  the  island  where  they  made 
their  place  of  habitation  the  name  of  the  Isle  of  St.  Croix, 
because  the  spreading  branches  of  the  river  farther  up  came 
together  in  the  form  of  a  cross.  As  has  been  already  stated, 
for  a  century  and  a  half  afterward  this  was  apparently  a  for- 
gotten region:  and  the  historical  facts  which  gave  the  place 
its  name  passed  into  oblivion.  In  the  mean  time,  uS  it  would 
seem,  some  later  French  voyagers  had  visited  the  Magagua- 
davic,  and,  as  was  the  custom  at  the  time  with  discoverers 
sent  out  by  Catholic  governments,  had  set  up  a  cross  on 
Point  Megique,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  as  a  symbol  that 
the  Church,  as  well  as  the  sovereign,  claimed  jurisdiction 
over  the  region.  From  this  cause,  the  river  itself  came  to  be 
known  as  the  St.  Croix  ;  and  thus  was  introduced  the  confu- 
sion which  it  required  so  much  diplomacy  to  unravel. 

Apparently  in  the  earlier  stages  of  the  controversy  about 
the  identity  of  the  St.  Croix,  neither  of  the  disputants  appre- 
hended the  real  origin  of  the  name,  or  was  aware  of  the 
conclusive  evidence  in  favor  of  the  position  of  the  British 
government  which  the  French  archives  would  afford.  Had 
it  been  otherwise,  Lord  Sidney's  claim  that  the  Schoodic  was 
properly  the  boundary  line  would  have  been  i)laced  upon 
some  firmer  basis  than  merely  that  it  was  a  larger  river  of 
the  same  name  as  the  one  which  the  commissioners,  who 
arranged  the  treaty  with  a  British  official  map  before  them, 
supposed  to  be  the  true  St.  Croix.  And  eleven  years  later, 
at  the  interview  with  the  Indians  at  St.  Andrews,  the  English 
agents  seemed  most  anxious  to  find  evidence  that  the  cross 
originally  set  up  at   the  mouth  of   the   Magaguadavic  had 


; 


'f^l 


122 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


:^ 


been  removed  to  St.  Andrews  Point,  or  another  one  erected 
there,  as  though  in  such  event  was  to  be  found  the  reason  of 
applying  the  name  of  St.  Croix  to  the  Schoodic. 

In  the  expense  accounts  of  the  commission  of  1794  appear 
considerable  items  for  cost  of  collecting  at  Paris  records  of 
the  early  French  discoveries,  and  copying  and  translating 
them.  From  these  histories  and  reports  of  travel  by  Char- 
levoix, L'Fscarbot,  and  Champlain,  new  light  was  gained 
upon  thu  matters  in  dispute.  The  close  way  in  which  the 
British  agents  cross-examined  Frost  and  Ricker,  two  of  the 
American  witnesses,  in  reference  to  the  abundance  of  ale- 
wives  and  other  fish  found  at  the  foot  of  Schoodic  Falls  in 
May  and  June,  and  showed  that  no  large  quantities  of  these 
fish  were  taken  on  the  Magaguadavic,  has  been  noticed. 
This  brought  out  a  most  important  item  of  evidence  in  favor 
of  the  identity  of  the  former  river  as  the  St.  Croix  of  the 
French  discoverers,  in  which,  as  their  records  show,  a  similar 
abundance  of  fish  appeared  in  spring  and  early  summer. 
"  Chaniplain's  Voyages,"  published  at  Paris  in  1613,  gave  a 
carefully  drawn  map  of  the  island  and  vicinity,  and  a  view 
of  the  buildings  which  were  erected  in  1604  for  the  shelter  of 
De  Monts  and  his  associates.  An  l^nglish  reprint  of  these 
"Voyages"  has  been  published  by  the  Prince  Society  of 
Boston,  with  fac-'^imilos  of  the  original  illustrations ;  and  the 
engraved  copy  of  the  last-named  sketch  which  is  furnished  for 
this  paper  enables  the  reader  to  see  exactly  how  the  first  habi- 
tations ever  erected  by  civilized  people  in  this  part  of  the 
country  appeared.  They  were  placed  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  island,  occupying  about  one-half  of  its  area.  At  the  lower 
end  was  a  battery  with  mounted  cannon,  the  chapel,  their 
place  of  worship,  and  the  little  cemetery  in  which  before 
summer  came  again  so  many  of  the  number  were  destined 
to  find  their  last  resting-place. 

To  prove  that  Doucett's  Island  was  the  true  Isle  of  St. 


f 


HABITATION   DE   LISLE    STE.    CROIX. 

(From  "  Champlain's  Voyages,"  published  at  Paris  a.d.  1613.) 


"Inlvl,,, 


V  hui'lliiiu' nl  su'iu  ill'  Mdiilt".  11  I'lilihi-  liiiililiii«  whcii"  \M' iiiciii  iiiii- Uiiii'  when  il  niiiiiMl.  c  I  hf 
liHiidi'.  |)  r»\v«'llliiK  of  the  KUiinl.  I'  Dwelling  nf  lliLM'sirpi'iiliTs.  t;  The  wi'll.  11  Tlw  nvni  wlicrc  llio 
liii'ii.l  win  iiiiuli'.  I  Kililicn.  I,,  .M,  X  (iaidiMiK.  S  —  riitro  In  llic  >  1  lUi  wliiMi- 11  Iri'o  HlaiKls.  (»  rallHinli'. 
I'  -l>nfllliin«,  till'  SictiisirilrvUlc,  (•|iiiiii|'liilit.  iiiul  C'luiinpaiU'ro.  V— Jj  .iUiik  ot  ouriuialf.  y,  H,  it  T  -  oilui 
uwilllii),»',    Y  —  'llii!  river  siirrcimnliiiM  llie  island. 


124 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


M 


t*.> 


Croix,  the  same  methods  were  adopted  which  Schliemann  and 
other  noted  archa;ologists  of  our  day  are  employing  in  identi- 
fying the  sites  of  ancient  cities,  and  the  following  statement 
of  Judge  Pagan  shows  with  what  satisfactory  results  :  — 

Robert  Pagan  declares  that  having  obtained  a  plan  of  St.  Croix 
Island  said  to  have  been  publ'shed  in  Paris  Anno  1613,  'iid  liav- 
ing  compared  it  with  the  shore,  coves,  and  points,  of  the  Island 
laying  a  few  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Scudiac  River  at  the 
Devil's  head,  commonly  called  Doceas  Island,  and  also  with  the 
shore  &c.  of  the  main  land  westward  and  eastward  of  it  as  laid 
down  in  that  plan,  and  having  found  a  most  striking  agreement 
between  every  part  of  these  shores,  coves  and  points  and  that 
plan. 

He  on  the  7th  day  of  this  instant  July  went  to  said  Doceas 
Islam!  accomjianied  by  William  Cookson,  Thomas  Greenlaw, 
Nehemiah  Oilman  and  John  Kigby  for  the  purpose  of  making 
further  discoveries  there. 

On  the  nortii  end  of  said  Doceas  Island  where  in  the  plan 
above  mentioned  the  French  buildings  are  laid  down,  he  found 
four  distinct  piles  of  ruins  agreeing  in  their  situation  and  dis- 
tances from  each  other  with  the  spot  at  A  as  laid  down  in  that 
plan,  and  these  four  piles  of  ruins  are  directly  abreast  of  the  long 
sandy  point  at  low  water  in  said  plan. 

On  examining  these  piles  he  found  them  considerably  raised 
above  the  general  level  of  the  ground  around  them,  some  parts  of 
them  covered  with  roots  of  trees  and  windfalls,  and  all  of  them 
with  mould  and  rotten  leaves  from  six  to  eighteen  inches  deep. 

On  further  examining  he  discovered  distinctly  several  tiers  of 
stone  in  each  of  the  piles,  laid  in  clay  mortar  one  on  tlie  top  of 
another.  The  clay  is  perfectly  distinct  from  the  stone,  and  of  the 
usual  thickness  (between  the  tiers  of  stone)  of  mortar  made  use  of 
in  laying  stone  or  brick  at  this  day.  In  some  i)arts  of  these  ruins 
the  clay  is  as  soft  and  jjcrfect  as  if  newly  dug  out  of  a  pit,  and  on 
other  parts  it  apj^ears  as  clay  does  in  chimnies  where  tire  has 
been,  and  there  are  evident  marks  of  tire  on  the  stones  m  many 
places. 

In  digging  he  found  charcoal  in  a  perfect  state  only  it  was  easily 


'y  '! 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


1^5 


crumbled  to  pieces  in  handling,  he  also  found  part  of  a  stone 
pitcher  in  full  preservation. 

On  one  side  of  one  of  the  piles  he  discovered  a  number  of 
bricks  so  laid  together  as  to  convince  him  that  a  large  oven  had 
formerly  been  built  there.  All  these  bricks  are  in  a  tolerable  state 
of  preservation. 

He  further  declares  —  That  on  the  i8th  day  of  this  instant  July 
being  at  said  Doccas  Island  on  a  party  of  pleasure  with  a  large 
company,  part  of  the  company  went  with  him  to  view  the  ruins 
above  described,  and  on  further  examination  in  presence  of  John 
}3rewer,  Esq.,  The  Rev.  Mr.  Andrews,  Daniel  McMasters,  ICsq., 
John  Campbell,  Donald  McLauchlan,  Donald  (Irant,  William 
Pagan  and  Thomas  Pagan,  he  uncovered  another  pile  distinct 
from  the  piles  found  on  tlie  7th  inst.,  which  they  found  to  be  laid 
in  clay  mortar  with  tiers  of  stone  in  tiie  same  manner  as  the  first 
four  piles  are  laid. 

In  digging  with  a  spade  for  a  few  minutes  near  one  of  these 
piles  they  turned  up  a  metal  si)oon,  a  musket  ball,  a  piece  of  an 
earthen  vessel,  and  a  spike  nail,  all  of  which  bore  evident  marks 
of  having  laid  a  long  time  urder  the  surface. 

Me  further  in  jMX'sence  of  these  gentlemen  discovered  on  that 
part  of  the  island  agreeing  with  tlie  spot  in  the  plan  Ijetween  A  & 
B  a  ledge  of  rocks  extending  from  the  middle  of  the  island  towards 
the  shore  on  each  side  a  considerable  breadth,  in  many  places  the 
rocks  are  some  heiglit  above  the  surface,  and  in  other  places  is 
lichth  covereil  with  earth  and  leaves. 


This  deposition  is  signed  by  Robert  Pagan,  and  sworn  to 
at  St.  Andrews,  July  20,  1797,  before  Daniel  McMasters,  Jus- 
tice of  the  Peace.  It  will  be  noticed  that  Judge  Pagan  places 
the  mouth  of  the  river  above  the  island. 

Thomas  Wright,  his  Majesty's  surveyor-general  for  the 
island  of  St.  John  (now  Prince  i'.dward's  Ishmd),  also  tesii- 
ties  that  on  ti>e  eleventh  and  twelfth  days  of  October,  1797, 
he  examined  the  remains  of  habitations  on  the  Isle  de  St. 
Croi.v,  or  Hon  Island  ;  and  his  survey  was  more  systematic. 
He  found  lines  of  walls,  and  piles  of  bricks,  evidently  turn- 


126 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAM AQUODDV 


i.  ( 


H  ! 


bled  chimneys,  and  above  them  standing  trees,  ten  or  twelve 
inches  across  the  butt,  and  windfalls  eighteen  or  twenty 
inches  in  diameter,  showing  the  great  antiquity  of  the  ruins, 
Samuel  Webber,  afterward  president  of  Harvard  College, 
who  accompanied  the  commissioners,  also  examined  the 
ruins,  and  reported  that  they  were  undoubtedly  the  relics  of 
De  Monts's  fortifications.  Several  years  ago,  some  cannon- 
balls  were  dug  from  the  soil  of  the  island,  evidently  left  there 
by  the  early  French  occupants  ;  and  one  of  these,  which  came 
into  possession  of  Peter  E.  Vose,  Esq.,  of  Dennysville,  was 
deposited  in  the  collection  of  the  New  England  Historic- 
(ienealogical  Society  at  Boston,  where  it  still  remains. 

This  historic  island  has  had  various  names, —  Muttaneguis, 
St.  Croix,  Bon,  Doucett's  or  Doceas,  and,  in  modern  times, 
Neutral  Island.  The  origin  of  the  name  by  which  it  is  most 
commonly  known  does  not  appear,  unless  it  comes  from  John 
Doucett,  governor  of  Nova  Scotia  in  1720.  It  ought  to  be 
called  De  Monts  Island,  for  surely  there  should  be  preserved 
somewhere  in  the  region  the  memory  of  the  leader  of  the 
expedition  which  first  opened  it  to  the  civilized  world 
Champlain,  who  was  one  of  his  subordinates,  has  had  better 
fortune ;  and  the  beautiful  sheet  of  water  which  he  discovered 
on  a  later  expedition  is  his  undecaying  monument.  Another 
of  the  party  was  Sieur  d'Orville  ;  and  it  has  been  suggested 
that  the  name  of  Devil's  Head,  as  applied  to  the  bold  prom- 
ontory on  the  shore  above,  is  a  corruption  of  his  name. 

The  evidence  of  the  early  French  records  proved  conclu- 
sive as  to  the  identity  of  the  Schoodic  with  the  St.  Croix,  but 
the  exact  location  of  its  mouth  as  well  as  its  source  remained 
to  be  settled. 

The  cross-questioning  of  the  British  agents  as  to  where 
whales  and  grampuses  were  to  be  found  was  for  the  purpose 
of  showing  that  sea  and  bay  extended  well  up ;  and,  as  has 
been  seen,  the  claim  was  made  on  their  part  tliat  the  month 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


127 


of  the  river  was  above  Devil's  Head,  where  Oak  Bay  widens 
out,  and  that  the  source  was  to  be  found  at  the  head-waters 
of  the  western  branch,  off  in  what  is  now  Penobscot  County, 
which  would  have  carried  the  eastern  boundary  line  of  the 
United  States  many  miles  to  the  westward  of  its  present 
course. 

The  decision  of  the  commissioners  was  finally  made  at 
their  last  meeting  at  Providence,  R.I.,  Oct.  25,  1798,  and  the 
declaration  published  that  the  Schoodic  was  the  St.  Croix  of 
the  treaty,  which  was  to  form  part  of  the  boundary  line,  with 
its  mouth  opposite  Joe's  Point,  one  mile  north  of  St.  Andrews 
Island,  and  its  source  at  the  head-waters  of  the  Cheputna- 
tecook  or  Chibnitcook,  as  it  is  variously  called.  The  iden- 
tity of  the  river  was  in  accordance  with  the  British  claim,  the 
location  of  its  source  and  mouth  against  it. 

A  good  deal  of  time  has  been  devoted  to  a  single  period 
in  the  history  of  the  boundary  disputes,  because,  until  the 
writer  began  the  investigation  of  which  the  results  appear  in 
these  sketches,  the  subject  was  quite  obscure  to  him,  and  he 
has  been  led  to  think  that  it  might  be  the  same  with  others. 
But  of  the  later  history  it  will  only  be  necessary  to  touch 
upon  a  few  prominent  incidents  as  the  series  is  brought  to  a 
close. 

The  decision  of  1798  settled  one  item  of  dispute,  and  fixed 
the  location  of  the  river  St.  Croix  from  its  mouth  to  its 
source ;  but  there  still  remained  troublesome  problems  for 
future  controversy.  The  agent  of  the  American  government 
urged  the  commissioners  to  continue  the  boundary  line  from 
the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  to  the  sea,  so  as  to  settle  the  na- 
tionality of  the  islands  in  I'assamaquoddy  J}ay.  Hut  it  was 
decided  that,  having  determined  whicli  river  was  the  true  St. 
Croix,  and  marked  its  mouth  and  source,  their  authority  was 
exhausted.  The  President  of  the  United  Slates,  in  commu- 
nicating the  decision  of  the  commissioners   to  Congress  in 


128 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


his  opening  speech,  Dec.  8,  1798,  expressed  the  opinion  that 
the  adjustment  of  these  subordinate  questions  would  not  be 
a  matter  of  difificulty. 

But  this  proved  a  mistaken  confidence,  and  the  people  of 
Kastport  were  not  allowed  to  forget  that  the  government  of 
Great  Britain  still  claimed  jurisdiction  over  their  island.  As 
appears  by  the  town  records,  a  town  meeting  was  called  on 
the  27th  of  July,  1801,  "to  consider  on  the  situation  we  are 
in  respecting  the  dispute  between  Great  Britain,  and  the 
United  States  of  America  in  regard  to  the  claims  of  jurisdic- 
tion on  Moose  Island,  and  to  take  such  methods  for  an  ex- 
planation, as  may  be  thought  proper  and  expedient  to  quiet 
the  inhabitants."  When  in  180S  Clark's  Hill  was  being 
fortified  by  Major  Lemuel  Trescott,  under  whose  direction 
Fort  Sullivan  was  built  there.  Admiral  Sir  John  B.  Warren, 
and  General  Prevost,  governor  of  Nova  Scotia,  insisted  "  that 
His  Ikittanic  Majesty  still  considered  all  the  islands  in  Pas- 
samacjuoddy  Bay  as  belonging  to  New  Brunswick,  and  de- 
sired to  be  informed  why  military  works  were  erected  on  one 
of  them  by  the  American  Government.  " 

Further  efforts  were  made  to  settle  the  disputes  by  nego- 
tiation ;  and  on  the  12th  of  May,  1803,  a  treaty  was  arranged 
between  Lord  Hawkesbury,  representing  Great  Britain,  and 
Rufus  King,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  the  first  article 
of  which  contained  the  following  provision:  — 

The  lint;  liercinaftor  descril)ed  shall  and  hereby  is  declared  to 
be  the  boundary  between  the  mouth  of  the  river  St.  Croix  and  the 
ISay  of  Fiindy:  that  is  to  say  —  a  line  be^innin;;-  in  the  middle  of 
the  channel  of  the  river  St.  Croix  at  its  mouth  (as  the  same  has 
been  ascertained  by  the  commissioners  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose), thence  through  the  middle  of  the  channel  between  Deer 
Island  on  the  east  and  nortli,  and  Moose  Island  and  Campobello 
Island,  on  the  west  and  south,  and  round  the  eastern  part  of  Cam- 
pobello to  the  Bay  of  Fundy;   and  the  islands  and  waters  north- 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


129 


ward  and  eastward  of  the  said  boundary,  together  with  the  island 
of  Campobello  situate  to  the  southward  thereof,  are  hereby  de- 
clared to  be  within  the  jurisdiction,  and  part  of  His  Majesty's 
Province  of  New  Brunswick;  and  the  islands  southward  and 
westward  of  said  boundary,  except  only  the  island  of  Campobello 
are  herel)y  declared  to  be  within  the  jurisdiction,  and  a  part  of 
Massachusetts,  one  of  the  United  States. 

The  reader  will  notice  the  peculiarity  of  the  description, 
which  makes  the  boundary  line  go  out  between  Deer  Island 
and  C'ampobello,  so  as  to  give  the  United  States  equal  access 
through  the  main  channel  to  the  sea,  and  then  remands 
Campobello  into  British  territory. 

This  was  an  attempt  to  correct  the  unnatural  arrangement 
by  which  the  boundary  line  between  two  great  nations  was 
forced  through  a  narrow  obstructed  passage,  to  the  avoidance 
of  the  natural  outlet  to  the  sea  opening  broadly  out  close  at 
hand, —  an  arrangement  which  has  remained  a  perputual  puz- 
zle to  new-comers  to  this  day.  It  originated  in  that  provision 
of  the  treaty  of  1783  by  which  all  islands  heretofore  within 
the  jurisdiction  of  Nova  Scotia  were  to  remain  British  terri- 
tory; and,  whatever  uncertainties  might  be  connected  with 
other  islands  of  the  vicinity,  there  could  be  no  dispute  about 
Campobello,  which  was  granted  by  Nova  Scotia  to  William 
Owen  in  1767,  and,  by  a  law  in  that  province,  courts  of  jus- 
tice were  established  there  in  1770. 

Had  this  treaty  of  1803  been  carried  into  effect,  many 
future  disputes  would  have  been  avoided  ;  and,  even  if  Great 
Britain  had  considered  it  worth  while  to  occupy  Moose  Island 
during  the  next  war,  it  must  have  been  promptly  given  up  at 
its  close.  The  second  article  also  provided  for  a  commission 
to  decide  the  position  of  the  north-west  angle  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  same  plan  as  that  which  settled  the  identity  of  the  St. 
Croix  ;  and  at  that  early  period,  when  the  region  in  dispute 
was  practically  an  unknown  wilderness,  there  would  probably 


' 


ii 


130 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


have  been  little  difficulty  in  coming  to  an  amicable  agree- 
ment on  a  matter  which,  when  later  years  and  growing  inter- 
ests had  added  vastly  to  its  territorial  importance,  became  a 
source  of  most  serious  controversy.  However,  the  Senate  of 
the  United  States  failed  to  ratify  the  treaty  on  account  of 
some  provision  in  the  eighth  article  in  reference  to  the 
boundary  line  at  the  north-west.  Dec.  31,  1806,  Messrs. 
Monroe  and  Pinkney,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  con- 
cluded a  treaty  with  the  British  government,  in  which  the 
boundary  line  on  the  eastern  frontier  was  agreed  upon  in 
nearly  the  same  words ;  but  President  Jefferson,  disliking 
some  of  the  provisions  which  it  contained,  did  not  submit  it 
to  the  Senate,  and  so  matters  were  allowed  to  drift  along  in 
the  same  unsettled  condition. 

In  the  mean  time,  various  causes  of  disagreement  were 
tending  toward  open  hostility  between  the  two  nations ;  and 
on  the  iSth  of  June,  1812,  war  was  declared  by  the  United 
States.  During  the  next  two  years,  amid  the  varying  fort- 
unes of  the  war,  the  people  on  both  sides  of  the  frontier 
had  generally  refrained  from  hostile  acts  against  their  neigh- 
bors, not  greatly  disturbed  by  the  echoes  of  the  combat 
going  on  at  a  distance ;  and  it  was  not  until  after  steps  had 
been  taken  to  bring  the  contest  to  a  close  that  tiiC  war  came 
to  their  doors.  The  Emperor  of  Russia  had  offered  his 
services  in  bringing  about  a  reconciliation  between  the  con- 
testants ;  and  in  May,  1814,  the  American  commissioners  to 
Ghent  set  sail  for  Europe.  Two  months  later,  on  the  nth 
of  July,  18 1 4,  a  British  fleet,  commanded  by  Admiral  Sir 
Thomas  Hardy,  having  on  board  a  large  military  force  under 
command  of  Lieutenant  Colonel  PilkingtoU)  appeared  before 
Eastport  and  demanded  its  surrender.  As  the  small  force 
at  Fort  Sullivan,  under  command  of  Major  Perley  Putnam, 
was  in  no  condition  to  repel  such  an  attack,  the  British  were 
allowed  to  take  possession,  which  they  did  in  a  style  indica- 


THE    BOUNDARY    LINE 


131 


tive  of  their  purpose  of  permanent  occupation  as  a  part  of 
the  British  empire.  The  next  day,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Fitz- 
herbert  sent  a  letter  from  St.  Andrews  to  John  Brewer,  of 
Robbinston,  brigadier  general  of  the  militia  of  Maine, 
stating,  by  order  of  General  Sherbrooke,  that  the  object  of 
the  present  expedition  was  to  take  possession  of  the  islands 
in  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  as  being  within  the  British  line,  and 
that  there  was  no  design  to  carry  on  offensive  operations 
against  the  people  resident  on  the  main,  unless  their  conduct 
should  provoke  severities. 

When  the  diplomatic  representatives  of  the  two  nations 
had  assembled  at  Ghent,  and  entered  upon  the  consideration 
of  the  terms  of  peace,  the  Americans  insisted  upon  the  im- 
mediate restitution  of  Moose  Island  and  its  dependencies. 
They  were  met  with  the  claim  that  these  islands  belonged 
by  right  to  the  British  government, —  as  much  so,  said  one 
of  their  commissioners,  as  "  Northamptonshire,  an  interior 
county  of  England  "  ;  and,  finding  that  further  persistence 
on  their  part  would  have  prevented  the  termination  of  the 
war,  Mr.  John  Quincy  Adams  and  his  associates  consented 
that  the  possession  of  England  might  be  continued  until 
commissioners,  appointed  under  the  treaty,  should  decide 
the  question. 

The  treaty  of  Ghent  was  signed  Dec.  14,  1814;  but  it  was 
not  until  18 16  that  the  commissioners  were  appointed  under 
the  fourth  article,  and  these  were  Thomas  Pjarchxy  on  the 
part  of  Great  Britain,  and  John  Holmes,  of  Alfred,  in  that 
part  of  the  State  of  Massachusetts  known  as  the  District 
of  Maine,  for  the  United  States.  Mr.  Barclay,  it  will  be 
remembered,  had  served  his  king  on  the  commission  for 
settling  the  identity  of  the  St.  Croix ;  and  that  government 
also  adhered  to  its  policy  of  employing  in  such  service  those 
who  had  received  diplomatic  training,  and  Ward  Cliipman, 
of  New  Brunswick,  was  again  called  to  act  as  agent  for  pre- 


!.  t 


132 


EASTPORT  AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


senting  their  case.  Associated  with  him  was  his  son,  also 
Ward  Chipman,  and,  like  his  father,  a  graduate  of  Harvard 
College,  a  member  of  the  class  of  1805.  John  Holmes  was 
a  well-known  American  politician,  and  afterward  represented 
the  new  State  of  Maine  in  the  National  Senate.  The  agent 
for  the  United  States  was  James  T.  Austin,  a  Boston  lawyer ; 
and  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  of  Eastport,  was  associated  with 
him  for  the  collection  of  evidence  and  other  assistance. 

The  commissioners  met  first  at  St.  Andrews,  Sept.  23, 
18 1 6,  and  adjourned  from  time  to  time  and  place  to  place, 
until,  at  their  final  meeting  at  New  York,  Nov.  24,  18 17,  they 
rendered  their  decision.  The  American  claim  that  the  island 
of  Grand  Manan  rightfully  belonged  to  the  United  States, 
under  the  terms  of  the  second  article  of  the  treaty  of  1783, 
which  had  not  been  made  very  prominent  before,  was  urged 
and  sustained  with  a  strength  of  evidence  which  seemed 
rather  unexpected  to  the  other  side ;  and  this  had  doubtless 
a  good  deal  to  do  with  their  willingness  to  give  up  Moose 
Island,  which  their  commissioners  at  Ghent  considered  to 
belong  to  Great  Britain  beyond  dispute. 


The  decision  was  "  that  Moose  Island,  Dudley  Island  and 
Frederick  Island  in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy,  which  is  part  of 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  do,  and  each  of  them  does,  belong  to  the 
United  States  of  America,  and  all  the  other  islands,  and  each  and 
every  one  of  them  in  the  said  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy,  which  is  part 
of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  the  Island  of  Grand  Manan  in  the  said 
Bay  of  Fundy,  do  belong  to  Mis  Brittanic  Majesty  in  conformity 
with  the  true  intent  of  the  said  second  article  of  the  treaty  of  one 
thousand  seven  hundred  and  eighty-three." 


at^ 


It  has  sometimes  been  claimed  that,  if  the  American  case 
had  been  properly  managed  before  the  commission.  Grand 
Manan  might  have  been  secured  to  the  United  States ;  and 
Mr.  Holmes  was  subject  to  a  good  deal  of  criticism  on  that 


This  map  of  the  District  of  Maine,  copied  from  the  United  States  Gazetteer, 
published  at  Philadelphia  in  1795,  gives  the  same  boundary  lines  as  Osgood  Carleton's 
map,  referred  to  on  page  134;  and,  like  that,  makes  the  Magaguadavic  River  the  St. 
Croix  of  the  treaty. 


»^ 


> 


THE    BOUNDARY   LINE 


133 


account.  The  same  complaint  was  made  on  the  other  side, 
because  Moose  Island  was  relinquished  to  the  United  States ; 
and  Judge  Chipman,  greatly  annoyed  by  the  attacks  upon  his 
fidelity  and  diplomatic  ability,  was  obliged  to  remind  his 
critics  that  they  had  little  idea  of  the  strength  of  the  Ameri- 
can position  in  reference  to  Moose  Island  or  of  the  ability 
with  which  their  claim  to  Grand  Manan  had  been  presented. 

It  was  not  until  the  following  year  that  the  decision  of  the 
commission  was  carried  into  effect ;  and  on  the  30th  of 
June,  18 18,  after  living  for  four  years  under  martial  law, 
ruled  by  officers  of  the  British  army,  the  citizens  of  Eastport 
saw  the  red-coats  depart,  and  the  stars  and  stripes  again 
waving  over  their  heads. 

Thus  closes  another  stage  in  the  history  of  the  complica- 
tions growing  out  of  the  descriptive  language  of  the  second 
article  of  the  treaty  of  1783.  But  there  still  remains  the 
North-eastern  Boundary  controversy,  the  most  serious  of  them 
all.  Its  story — from  the  beginning  to  the  culmination  in  that 
mustering  of  military  forces  known  as  the  Aroostook  War, 
and  the  final  settlement  under  the  Ashburton  treaty,  to 
which  the  assent  of  Maine  was  gained  by  methods  at  which 
men  still  shake  their  heads — forms  a  most  interesting  chapter 
in  American  history,  and  is  to  be  found  in  the  documents  of 
the  time  ;  and  many  of  its  incidents  are  fresh  in  the  memories 
of  men  still  in  active  life.  Whoever  investigates  the  subject 
will  learn  that  when,  in  the  early  stages,  the  British  govern- 
ment discovered  that  the  natural  construction  of  the  language 
of  the  treaty  would  carry  the  American  jurisdiction  fright- 
fully near  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  leave  the  communica- 
tion between  their  colonies  restricted  to  a  narrow  isthmus, 
the  suggestion  was  made  of  the  desirability  of  such  a 
variation  of  the  line  as  might  secure  a  direct  communication 
between  Quebec  and  Halifax,  which  would  take  only  a  small 
portion  of  unsettled  territory.     This  proposal  receiving  slight 


■!tl. 


.^5_V»T*.^^"-»« 


134 


EASTI'ORT    AND    PASSAMAOUUDDY 


favor,  it  was  hinted  that  there  was  much  doubt  whether 
the  territory  in  question  did  not  already  belong  to  Great 
Britain.  Then  British  geographers  discovered  that  the 
waters  of  the  St.  John  River  did  not  empty  into  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  British  surveyors  found  "  the  highlands  which 
v.;  vided  those  river:  which  empty  themselves  into  the  river 
St.  Lawrence  from  those  which  fall  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean" 
in  a  solitary  eminence  known  as  Mars'  Hill,  a  few  miles  north 
of  Houlton  ;  and  by  and  by  came  the  remarkable  decision  of 
the  King  of  Holland, —  to  whom  the  location  of  the  highlands 
was  referred, —  which  (to  use  the  construction  put  upon  it  at 
the  time)  placed  those  highlands  in  the  bed  of  the  river. 

To  one  whose  geographical  impressions  were  gained  from 
school  atlases  and  Greenleaf's  map  on  the  wall  at  home, 
where  the  outlines  of  Maine  at  the  north-east  were  carried 
to  a  sharp  angle  close  up  to  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  current 
maps  of  the  State,  in  spite  of  long  familiarity,  seem  trun- 
cated and  shorn  of  natural  proportions. 

If  one  could  have  before  him  the  State  map  of  to-day, —  at 
one  side  the  same  as  it  would  have  appeared  had  the  claims 
of  the  United  States  been  maintained  in  their  completeness, 
and  on  the  opposite  another  with  its  proportions  pared  down, 
in  accordance  with  the  British  construction  of  the  treaty, —  the 
contrast  would  be  quite  striking.  Sullivan's  History  of 
Maine,  published  in  1795,  has  a  map  by  Osgood  Carleton, 
which  shows  the  State  (then  district)  in  accordance  with  the 
American  claim.  The  Magaguadavic  is  the  St.  Croix,  and 
the  boundary  line  running  through  it  to  its  source  leads 
directly  north  till  it  meets  the  highlands  well  up  to  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  follows  along  those  highlands  in  a  tolerably 
direct  course  to  the  head-waters  of  the  Connecticut ;  and  its 
extension  at  the  shore  would  reach  out  and  include  the  island 
of  Grand  Manan.  A  map  in  accordance  with  the  British 
construction   will  need   to   be  specially   drawn  for   the    oc- 


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THE    BOUNDARV    LINE 


135 


casion.  Going  up  the  SchoocUc  to  the  junction  of  fhe 
western  branch,  the  boundary  line  would  turn  through  the 
Grand  Lakes  to  the  source  of  that  branch  in  the  Penobscot 
County  ;  then  northward  till  it  meets  some  elevation,  some 
lower  Mars'  Hill,  short  of  the  affluents  of  the  St.  John  ;  and 
then  go  zigzagging  westward  to  the  Canadian  line.  On  the 
Schoodic,  in  the  lower  part  of  Calais,  it  would  start  off  in 
a  direct  line  for  distant  St.  Mary's  in  Florida,  reaching  the 
ocean  at  Little  Machias  Bay  in  Cutler,  and  cutting  off  from 
Washington  County  the  whole  of  Eastport,  Perry,  Lubec, 
and  Trescott,  and  part  of  Calais,  Robbinston,  Pembroke, 
Edmunds,  Whiting,  and  Cutler.  In  the  map  prepared  for 
and  published  in  this  volume,  these  contrasted  lines  are 
placed  side  by  side, —  the  glacial  marks  of  sixty  years  of 
controversy. 


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CHAPTER  III. 
EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  EASTPORT. 

BY    LORENZO    SAI3INE.* 

Otr  town  was  once  a  possession  of  France.  The  first 
British  subject  who  owned  it  was  Sir  Francis  Bernard,  one 
of  the  governors  of  Massachusetts,  who  obtained  a  grant  of 
one  hundred  thousand  acres  on  the  waters  of  Passama- 
quoddy,  of  which  Moose  Island  was  a  part.  The  northern 
limit  of  this  grant  was,  as  I  conclude,  the  bluff  headland  in 
the  St.  Croix  which  is  now  known  as  the  Devil's  Head. 
Sir  Francis,  adhering  to  the  crown  in  the  Revolutionary  con- 
troversy, which  indeed  commenced  with  him  and  his  adminis- 
tration, lost  these  hundred  thousand  acres  and  the  island  of 
Mount  Desert,  under  the  confiscation  act  of  Massachusetts ; 
and  the  hopes  which  he  had  cherished  of  providing  for  his 
family  failed,  John,  one  of  his  sons,  however,  was  a  Whig; 
and  one-half  of  Mount  Desert  was  restored  to  him  after  the 
Revolution.  Yet  he  seems  to  have  attempted  to  settle  on 
the  lands  which  his  father  possessed  in  this  vicinity.  It  is 
known  that  he  went  to  Pleasant  Point,  built  a  hut  of  logs, 
and  that  he  lived  there  some  months  with  no  companion  but 
a  dog.  The  fortunes  of  the  young  man  were  at  the  lowest 
ebb.  His  father  was  dead,  his  brothers  Francis  and  Thomas 
were  ruined  and  in  exile,  and  the  misfortunes  of  his  family 


*Mr.  Sabine  represented  the  town  in  the  legislature  of  Maine  in  1834-35,  *id  •* 
sketch  of  his  life  will  be  found  in  the  chapter  on  the  Political  Histcry.  This  fragment, 
published  in  1S47,  was  prepared  as  part  of  a  history  of  the  town  on  which  he  was  then 
at  work,  though  the  plan  was  never  carried  out. 


EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  EASTPORl" 


137 


had  saddened,  perhaps  deranged,  his  mind.  He  had  been 
educated  in  affluence  and  in  ease,  and  had  mingled  in  the 
most  refined  society,  when  he  came  to  Moose  Island,  and 
passed  hence  to  the  mainland  in  Perry.  The  only  family 
here  had  never  seen  a  horse,  and  did  not  know  whether  that 
animal  had  horns  or  was  without  them  ;  while  the  only  per- 
sons north  of  the  island  were  a  few  men  at  the  head  of  the 
tide-waters  of  the  St.  Croix,  who  were  building  a  mill. 
Young  Bernard  cut  down  a  small  number  of  trees,  became 
discouraged,  and  departed. 

He  lived  at  Boston  awhile,  but  finally  abandoned  the 
country.  He  was  Sir  Francis's  second  son.  Francis,  the 
eldest,  owned  lands  on  the  Penobscot  which  were  confis- 
cated, and  died,  I  believe,  without  inheriting  the  title.  But 
John,  the  settler  at  Pleasant  Point,  became  Sir  John  Ber- 
nard, baronet,  held  offices  under  the  British  crown  in  Bar- 
badoes  and  St.  Vincent,  and  died  in  1809.  His  brother 
Thomas,  who  graduated  at  Harvard  in  1767,  and  who  mar- 
ried a  lady  of  fortune  in  England,  succeeded  to  the  bar- 
onetcy, and  died  in  18 18.  Sir  Thomas  was  a  gentleman  of 
great  benevolence,  and  did  much  good.  I  need  pursue  the 
fortunes  of  the  Bernards  no  further.  My  notice  of  them 
shows  that  Moose  Island  was  originally  the  property  of  a 
Tory,  and  that  it  passed  to  Massachusetts,  our  old,  usurp- 
ing, ambitious  mother,  under  the  confiscation  act,  which  di- 
vested all  the  absentee  adherents  of  the  crown,  in  the  Rev- 
olutionary strife,  of  their  possessions.  .  .  . 

Though  De  Monts  explored  the  St.  Croix,  and  passed 
the  winter  on  an  island  opposite  Red  Beach,  Robbinston, 
sixteen  years  before  the  landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  at 
Plymouth,  I  find  no  account  of  any  inhabitants  of  Furopean 
origin  at  Moose  Island  prior  to  the  year  16S8,  At  that 
period,  as  appears  by  a  paper  preserved  in  the  Collections  of 
the  Massachusetts  Historical  Society,  there  lived  in  Passa- 


f 


138 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


maquoddy  and  St.  Croix  the  following  Frenclimen  and  their 
families,  namely :  St.  Robin,  his  wife  and  son  ;  one  Lettrell  ; 
John  Minns,  his  wife  and  four  children  ;  one  Lambert ; 
Jolly  Clive  and  his  servant ;  one  Torza ;  and  one  Lena  and 
his  servant.  It  is  highly  probable  that  the  number  was  sub- 
sequently increased,  since  in  1704  Messieurs  Gourdon  and 
Sharkee,  two  French  officers,  sf'em  to  have  been  here,  and 
engaged  in  building  a  fort.  The  celebrated  Colonel  Church 
was  here  the  same  year,  and  made  prisoners  of  a  French- 
woman and  her  children,  and  the  officers  named,  their  fam- 
ilies, and  domestics.*  He  also  seized  Moses  Luttrell  and 
his  family,  who  lived  on  the  mainland,  and  was  probably  the 
same  mentioned  as  among  the  inhabitants  in  16S8.  It  would 
seem,  too,  that  Gourdon  and  Sharkee  resided  somewhere  on 
the  main,  and  above  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  inasmuch  as 
Church,  after  ascending  that  river,  had  an  affray  with  these 
gentlemen  and  persons  serving  under  them,  and  fired  upon 
and  killed  and  wounded  several.  Gourdon  may  have  been 
a  man  of  consideration  and  property.  Church  certainly 
robbed  him  of  some  articles  of  value. 

When,  in  17 13,  France  made  a  final  cession  of  the  posses- 
sions which  now  form  the  colonies  of  New  Brunswick  and 
Nova  Scotia,  the  French  undoubtedly  abandoned  Moose  Isl- 
and; and  it  remained  uninhabited  for  a  considerable  period. 
Governor  Belcher,  of  Massachusetts,  explored  our  waters  in 
1734  ;t  Richard  Hazen  made  a  survey  of  our  coast  in  1750; 


V.^ 


"^  i  ■:;,! 


^tij: 


I     if 


•Once,  when  the  late  ''aimiel  Tuttle  was  clearin;;  a  portion  of  the  land  on  his  allot- 
ment below  Shackford's  Cove,  he  came  upon  unmistakable  evidences  of  a  blacksmith's 
forge,  blackened  stones,  ashus,  and  cinders;  and  the  large  growtli  above  them  showed 
them  to  be  the  remains  of  occupancy  long  years  before.  'I'he  late  Captain  James  Waid 
told  me  that,  when  he  was  a  boy,  there  was  a  depression  in  the  field  near  his  father's 
house  on  the  up-island  shore,  which  they  always  called  the  I'rench  Cellar. —  K. 

t  Rev.  Thomas  Prince,  pastor  of  the  Old  South  Church,  lioston,  with  Hon.  Josiah 
Willard,  Esq.,  and  Edward  Winslow,  Esq.,  sheriff  of  the  county  of  SuiTolk,  accom- 
panied (lovernor  Belcher  on  this  eastern  expedition  in  July,  1734,  in  his  Majesty's  ship 
"Scarborough."    Captain  Durell  "came  to  anchor  (2  days  from  Boston)  in  the  eastern, 


EARLY  SETTLERS  OF  EASTPORT 


139 


and  William  Brattle,  John  Winslow,  and  James  Otis  came  here 
in  1762,  charged  with  the  duty  of  ascertaining  "Which  is  the 
true  St.  Croix?"  and,  as  already  stated,  Sir  Francis  Bernard 
obtained  a  grant  which  included  one  island  in  1765.  But  no 
account  of  a  single  person  of  the  Saxon  race  is  to  be  met 
with  at  either  of  these  dates,  as  far  as  I  can  find ;  and  I  con- 
clude that  the  island  was  inhabited  for  ;he  first  time  after 
the  French  abandoned  it  by  fishermen  from  ihe  fishing-towns 
of  Massachusetts,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  year  17S4,  the  late  Samuel 
Tuttle,  Esq.,  and  the  late  Captain  John  Shackford,  and  five 
other  persons,  with  families,  whom  they  found  here,  com- 
prised the  whole  population  of  the  island.  In  1789,  the 
number  of  families  had  increased  to  twenty-two,  perhaps  to 
twenty-four.  I  have  been  able  to  ascertain  these  names 
and  the  lots  which  they  occupied,  with  some  degree  of  accu- 
racy, and  as  follows :  Robert  Bell,  father  of  William  Bell, 
Esq.,  of  Trescott,  on  the  land  since  Prince's  and  the  salt- 
works ;  James  Cochran,  a  native  of  Ireland,  on  the  lot  after- 
ward owned  by  Captain  William  Billings  and  others,  includ- 
ing Prince's  Cove  ;  Samuel  Tuttle,  a  native  of  Lynn,  Mass., 
on  lot  afterward  owned  by  Captain  John  H.  McLarren  and 
others ;  John  Shackford,  born  in  Newburyport,  Mass.,  on 
the  lot  between  Shackford's  Cove  and  Key  Street ;  Caleb 
Boynton,  also  born  in  Newburyport,  on  the  lot  between  Key 
Street  and  the  aqueduct  wharf  property ;  William  Clark, 
a  native  of  Ireland,  on  the  lot  north  of  Boynton's,  and  in- 
cluding Little's  Cove ;  John  McGuire,  a  Scotchman,  at 
Todd's  Head ;  Joseph  Clark,  born  at  Great  Island,  near 
Portsmouth,  N.H.,  on  the  lot  divided  between  his  heirs, 
Joseph  and  William,  and  to  Carpenter,  Sloman  and  others  ; 
William  Gowdy,  who  also  came  from  Great  Island,  on  the 


'%'m 


■which  is  the  main  branch  nf  Passamsfiuoddy  Harbour  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy."  They 
went  "ashoar,"  but  cnuld  discover  no  iuhabitants;  "and  the  tliick  fog  hindered  us  from 
tearchiuK  fi  r  St.  Croix  river." 


;li 


/ 


i 


140 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


lot  occupied  in  part  by  heirs  of  William  Harris  and  others, 
and  including  Gowdy's  Point ;  Henry  Bowen,  on  lot  after- 
ward   occupied    by    Alexander    Capen    and   others ;    • 

Fenno,  from  Boston,  on  lot  afterward  Samuel  Stevens's, 
Elijah  Harrington's,  and  others ;  William  Ricker,  an  emi- 
grant from  Steuben,  Me.,  on  lot  afterward  N.  Phinney's, 
Nickerson's,  and  others  ;  Stephen  Fountain,  a  Tory  or  Loy- 
alist, who  came  here  from  New  Brunswick,  on  lot  afterward 
owned  by  Jf^remiah  Edmunds  and  others,  including  Holmes's 
Hill ;  William  Hammond,  of  Marblehead,  a  fisherman  to 
the  Grand  Banks,  on  the  lot  afterward  Paul  and  Thomas 
Johnson's,  William  Taylor's,  and  others  ;  Paul  Johnson,  of 
Rowley,  whose  lot  descended  to  his  heirs ;  Derney,  a  native 
of  Ireland,  who  soon  after  sold  his  lot  to  the  late  Moses 
Norwood,  Sen.,  a  fisherman  from  Cape  Ann  ;  Joseph  Bea- 
nian,  a  Tory  from  New  York,  who  lived  on  part  of  Fenno's 
lot ;  Solomon  Mabee,  also  a  Loyalist  from  New  York,  on  lot 
near  Fenno's  ;  Richard  Hall,  a  droll  fellow,  who  went  by  the 
name  of  "  Crocker  Hall  "  ;  Samuel  Coombs  ;  Alexander 
Plackett,  a  Scotchman,  who  lived  at  Bowen's  Cove,  and 
whose  widow  was  long  known  as  "  Granny  Hackett  "  ;  and 
one  Crow,  a  Tory,  who,  I  suppose,  came  from  New  York. 

Besides  these  persons,  with  families,  several  young  unmar- 
ried men  were  residents  of  the  island  in  1789  ;  but  James 
Carter,  an  Englishman,  who  lived  with  Captain  Shackford, 
Nathaniel  Goddard,  Esq.,  of  Boston,  and  Captain  Jacob  Lin- 
coln,* our  well-known  citizen,  who  is  upward  of  eighty  years 
of  age,  are  all  who  are  remembered  by  my  informant.  Few, 
married  or  single,  designed  to  remain  for  life.  Several  were 
old  fishermen  ;  all  depended  upon  fishing  for  support ;  and 
some  had  homes  elsewhere,  to  which,  after  a  short  sojourn 
here  with  their  wives  and  children,  they  intended  to  return. 

•Captain  Jacob  Lincoln,  a  native  of  Hingham,  Mass.,  and  the  last  survivor  of  the 
original  settlers  and  Rrantees,  died  nt  Easlpnrt  soon  after  these  notes  were  written  in 
1847;  ^'"d  ^'f-  Ooddard  died  at  lioston. —  k. 


nr- 


"^ 


EARLY    SETTLERS   OF    EASTPORT 


141 


>  ,.l 


But  various  circumstances  combined  to  prolong  their  stay 
from  year  to  year ;  and  the  saying  that  "  all  who  after  land- 
ing drank  first  of  the  water  from  Paddy  Clark's  spring* 
will  live  and  die  on  Moose  Island  "  owes  its  origin  to  the 
difficulties  which  they  encountered  whenever  they  designed 
to  remove,  since  in  pleasantry  they  attributed  their  continu- 
ance upon  the  island,  half  against  their  will,  to  a  spell  cast 
upon  themselves  and  all  others  who  frequented  and  tasted  of 
that  spring.  Whatever  was  the  charm  or  power  which  con- 
trolled their  destiny,  most  of  them,  though  at  times  much 
discontented,  never  changed  their  abode ;  and  when,  in 
1 79 1,  the  island  was  surveyed  by  order  of  the  General 
Court  of  Massachusetts,  nearly  all  of  them  received  grants 
of  the  lots  which  at  first  they  occupied  without  title. f  Bell, 
Cochran,  Joseph  and  William  Clark,  Goudy,  Hacket,  Ricker, 
Johnson,  Hammond,  Norwood,  Boynton,  and  Shackford  died 
in  this  town,  McCiuire  at  St.  Andrews,  Bowen  at  Perry, 
Beainan  at  Deer  Island,  Mabee  at  Campobello,  and  Tuttle 
at  St.  Stephen.  Fenno,  Denny,  Hall,  and  Crow  removed; 
and  their  fate  is  not  known. 

*  This  spring,  famous  in  the  early  history  of  the  island,  is  situated  on  the  land  of 
Mr.  William  Clark,  on  the  west  side  of  Water  Street  going  up  from  the  hollow,  opposite 
the  Judge  Burgin,  afterward  the  Peavey,  and  later  the  French  place,  where  Mr.  Cor- 
thell's  house  now  stands. —  K. 

t  See  Appendix  A. 


CHAPTER    IV 


MOOSE   ISLAND. 


OUTLINE    OF     AIFAIRS    DURING    THE    RESTRICTIVE    MEASURES    OK    THE 

UNITED   STATES  WHICH    PRECEDED   THE  WAR  OE    lSl2,  AND 

TO   THE   CAI'TIRE   OE  THE    ISLAND,   JULY    II,    1S14. 

BY    LORENZO    SAHINE. 

"'Tis  Sixty  Years  Since." — Wavcrlcy. 

"  Sixty  years  since,"  *  to  use  the  title-page  of  Scott's 
earliest  novel,  Eastport  was  one  of  the  most  noted  places  in 
the  country.  But  its  fame  was  of  a  kind  which  no  people 
should  desire  ;  for  the  general  impression  was  that  its  inhab- 
itants were  bold  and  reckless  men,  and  earned  their  support 
by  sheltering,  and  sharing  the  gains  of,  adventurers,  smug- 
glers, and  gamblers. 

In  some  respects,  it  must  be  admitted  that  public  opinion 
was  right.  Here,  as  in  other  frontier  towns  in  the  United 
States,  an  extensive  contraband  trade  was  carried  on  for 
several  years,  almost  with  impunity ;  and,  while  this  trade 
fiourished,  and  strangers  flocked  here  to  engage  in  it,  the 
state  of  society  was  1  amen  table. 

The  embargo  laid  by  Congress  in  December,  1807,  gave 
an  impulse  to  the  illicit  trade  with  the  British  colonics  which 
our  government  vainly  strove  to  check,  and  which,  finally, 
evading  every  means  adopted  to  suppress  it,  became  im- 
mense, and  attracted  the  attention  and  capital  of  merchants 
and  ship-owners  even  as  far  south  as  Virginia. 

England  at  this  period,  it  should  be  remarked,  held  fast 
to  the  commercial  policy  which  she  adopted  in  the  time  of 

*This  paper  was  published  in  1S72. 


EMBARGO    AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


143 


Cromwell,  and  refused  to  us  and  to  all  other  foreign  powers 
any  and  all  direct  intercourse  with  the  colonial  possessions, 
except  at  moments  of  calamity,  vhen  certain  enumerated 
articles  were  admitted,  for  a  few  days  or  weeks,  into  the 
ports  of  some  one  of  her  suffering  colonies  in  this  hemi- 
sphere. Yet  these  colonies  had  always  received  their  bread- 
stuffs,  naval  stores,  and  salted  meats  from  the  United  States 
by  long  and  circuitous  voyages,  which  employed  both  Ameri- 
can and  British  vessels, —  the  first  to  transport  them  from  the 
places  of  production  to  the  West  India  Islands  of  Sweden  or 
Denmark,  when  they  were  transferred  to  the  other,  and  car- 
ried to  the  markets  of  consumption.  Occasionally,  supplies 
for  the  planters  of  the  British  islands  had  been  bought  here, 
and  the  exchanges  made  in  the  waters  of  the  Passama- 
quoddy  "on  the  lines";  but  the  "  Neutral  Islands,"  above 
mentioned,  had  been  preferred,  generally,  by  persons  of 
both  flags  who  engaged  in  the  business.  The  embargo 
caused  an  entire  change.  That  law,  for  the  instant,  though 
the  coasting  trade  was  still  free,  seemed  to  put  an  end  to  all 
further  trade  with  the  British  planters  ;  but,  as  they  still 
depended  on  the  United  States, —  as,  too,  additional  legal 
obstacles  to  dealing  with  them  had  served  to  enhance  tlie 
prices  of  the  commodities  which  they  wanted,  and  as  the 
American  producers  still  raised  these  commodities  for  ex- 
port,—  a  way  was  soon  devised  to  continue  an  intercourse 
so  beneficial  to  both  sellers  and  buyers.  This  device 
consisted  merely  in  shipping  to  Moose  Island,  which  was 
lawful,  the  articles  that,  under  the  former  restrictions,  had 
been  carried  to  the  Swedish  and  Danish  islands. 

Once  upon  the  frontier,  it  was  supposed  —  riglitfully  enough 
—  that  persons  would  be  found  to  purchase  these  articles, 
and  to  get  them  across  to  the  opposite  or  British  shores. 
British  statesmen  gave  a  prompt  and  efficient  aid  to  the 
plan.     In  May,  1808,  the  ports  of  New  Brunswick  and  Nova 


t 


:,<i, 


o 


144 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Scotia  were  opened  for  most  kinds  of  American  produce ; 
and  Eastport  became,  of  consequence,  one  of  the  busiest 
towns  in  the  Union.  In  less  than  a  month,  large  quantities 
of  flour  arrived  in  the  harbor;  and  fourteen  vessels  with  full 
cargoes  were  at  anchor  at  one  time,  even  before  the  ist  of 
June.  Still  later  in  the  season,  thirty  thousand  barrels  of 
flour  were  received  in  a  single  week.  During  the  summer 
and  autumn,  quite  one  hundred  thousand  barrels  more  ar- 
rived ;  while  the  whole  quantity  for  the  year  was  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  or  sixty  thousand  barrels,  at  the  lowest  com- 
putation. To  store  or  protect  these  extraordinary  receipts 
of  flour  in  the  ordinary  manner  was  not  ]30ssible.  Suitable 
buildings  for  the  regular  trade  of  the  country  were  hardly  to 
be  found ;  and  no  spacious,  safe,  or  convenient  wharf  had 
been  erected.  Piling  places  were  made,  therefore,  on  sev- 
eral of  the  beaches  above  the  reach  of  the  tide,  and  upon  the 
adjacent  uplands.  Nearly  all  the  sites  selected  were  be- 
tween Prince's  Cove  and  Todd's  Head,  for  the  reason  that 
trips  to  Indian  Island  and  to  Campobello  were  easiest,  short- 
est, and  safest  from  the  front  of  the  island. 

Besides  the  flour  that  v/as  shipped  to  Eastport,  several  car- 
goes were  landed  in  creeks  and  by-places  along  the  shore, 
between  West  Quoddy  and  the  entrance  to  Machias  River, 
as  affording  the  best  opportunities  for  communicating  with 
British  subjects  on  the  island  of  Grand  Manan.  Little  River, 
without  a  storehouse  or  other  proper  building,  and  inhabited 
by  only  eight  or  ten  indigent  fishermen,  was  the  principal 
mart  west  of  the  frontier  ;  while  Robbinston,  alike  destitute 
of  suitable  shelter  for  merchandise,  was  still  a  place  of  de- 
posit for  purchases  at  St,  Andrews.  Little  River  and  its 
neighborhood  excepted,  every  depot  was  within  two  or  three 
miles  of  British  territory.  To  that  territory,  the  owners  and 
agents  of  these  large  quantities  of  flour  determined  their 
property  should  be  transferred,  by  fraud  or  by  force ;   and 


EMBARGO    AND    XON-IXTERCOURSE 


'45 


there  were  desperate  men  among  them.  The  officers  of  gov- 
ernment—  of  whom  there  was  soon  a  host  —  were  arravecl 
in  arms  to  defeat  their  purpose.  Sentinels  in  the  pay  of  the 
collector  of  customs  wx^re  stationed  within  twenty  or  thirty 
rods  of  one  another,  upon  the  headlands  and  other  look-out 
places.  The  compensation  to  most  was  small,  as  appears 
by  the  accounts  ;  but  between  April,  1808,  and  September, 
1809,  the  collector  expended  the  sum  of  §17,581.82  for  the 
payment  of  the  persons  whom  he  employed  to  carry  out  his 
instruction  to  enforce  the  Embargo  Act.  Nor  was  this  all. 
In  May,  1808,  the  sloop  of  war  "Wasp,"  Captain  John 
Smith,  arrived  with  a  compcUiy  of  troops;  the  frigate  ''Ches- 
apeake,"—  that  ill-omened  ship, —  Captain  Stephen  Decatur, 
—  that  ill-fated  officer, —  was  sent  here  after  the  departure  of 
the  "  Wasp  "  ;  and  two  and  e  on  four  gunboats  were  stationed 
in  our  waters.  Every  buildiig,  every  pile  of  flour,  was 
guarded.  Doats  and  barges  'om  the  -essels  of  war  were 
kept  constantly  on  the  alert;  while  on  shore  the  collector 
finally  demanded  the  keys  of  the  stores,  and  would  permit 
no  person  to  enter  the  depositories  unless  in  the  presence  of 
an  officer.  Eut  the  flour  disappeared.  There  was,  indeed, 
no  such  thing  as  keeping  it  here  on  the  American  side,  in 
piles  in  the  open  air,  or  even  in  buildings,  where  it  was  worth 
only  five  dollars  per  barrel,  when  it  could  be  sold  for  twelve 
dollars  two  miles  off  across  the  harbor.  At  first,  the  price  of 
smuggling  was  but  twelve  and  a  half  cents  ;  but,  as  the  risk 
increased,  the  price  advanced,  and  finally  rose  to  three 
dollars  the  barrel.  Boats  of  almost  every  imaginable  size 
and  condition,  and  even  Indian  canoes,  were  ke|)t  employed  ; 
and,  sometimes,  one  man  earned  for  his  own  labor  and  the 
use  of  a  small  boat  the  sum  of  forty-seven  dollars  in  twentv- 
four  hours,  which  was  paid  him  in  "  hard  money."  The 
smugglers  worked  under  cover  of  the  night  and  of  the  fogs, 
and  said  they  knew  why  fogs  were  made.     They  skulked 


ill 


l1 


146 


EASTPORT  AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


about  the  rocks,  and  hid  themselves  in  the  indentations  of 
the  shores.  They  had  other  helps ;  for  the  men  who  were 
appointed  to  watch  their  movements  became  —  to  follow  the 
common  accounts  —  their  allies,  and  favored  their  unlawful 
enterprise.  Persons  who  intend  to  measure  their  words  have 
assured  me  that  every  man  in  the  pay  of  the  government, 
three  excepted,  would  take  hush-money,  and  that  even  these 
three  would  retire  or  go  to  sleep  while  on  duty  to  oblige  a 
friend.  But,  however  this  may  be,  it  is  certain  that  corrup- 
tion was  not  unknown,  and  that  individuals  were  false  to 
their  trusts.  Indeed,  as  goes  the  story,  it  was  the  practice 
of  some  of  the  guards  or  sentinels,  at  one  time,  to  allow 
the  free-traders  to  carry  off  all  the  flour  they  pleased,  on 
payment  of  a  stipulated  sum  for  each  barrel.  The  price 
sometimes  paid  was  fifty  cents  the  barrel ;  and  it  actually 
happened  that  men,  hired  and  sworn  to  prevent  smuggling, 
counted  the  piles  of  flour  under  their  particular  charge,  to 
ascertain  whether  the  smugglers  or  owners  rendered  them 
accurate  accounts  of  the  quantities  which  they  took  away.  It 
is  related,  also,  that,  after  sellers  and  buyers  had  arranged 
the  price  and  terms  of  sale,  there  was  often  a  difficulty  be- 
tween them  as  to  the  party  found  to  bribe  and  pay  the 
sentinels.  I  am  not  satisfied,  however,  that  so  thorough 
corruption  was  general  or  that  the  sweeping  charges  of  un- 
faithfulness to  which  I  have  listened  are  strictly  true.  The 
collector  —  whatever  were  his  deficiencies  in  capacity  and 
habits  of  business  —  was  not  wanting  in  zeal,  and  owed  his 
ruin,  I  am  led  to  conclude,  to  his  ill-advised  endeavors  to 
suppress  the  trade.  I  knew  him  in  his  poverty  and  old  age, 
and  was  in  a  situation  to  hear  him  relate  the  vicissitudes  of 
his  life.  Nothing  seemed  to  soothe  him  more  than  his  recol- 
lections of  iVlbert  Gallatin,  with  whom  he  was  associated  in 
his  youth,  and  of  whom  I  used  to  lead  him  to  speak  when 
his  spirits  were  greatly  depressed. 


EMBARGO   AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


147 


Against  the  commissioned  officers  of  the  army  and  navy, 
no  well-authenticated  accusations,  as  far  as  my  knowledge 
extends,  have  ever  been  sustained.  That  the  soldiers  who 
deserted  from  the  post  had  taken  bribes  when  on  duty  may 
be  admitted,  as  a  matter  of  course.  The  collector  received 
persons  into  his  service  whose  habits  rendered  them  needy, 
and  who  had  never  been  trustworthy  ;  and  thus,  undoubtedly, 
yielding  to  the  temptations  which  beset  them,  they  were  paid 
by  both  sides. 

Still,  if,  as  has  been  often  affirmed,  all  or  most  were  false 
on  the  land  and  some  on  the  water,  why  was  it  neces- 
sary for  smugglers  to  overawe  the  sentinels  with  threats  of 
violence  ?  Why  —  to  allow  some  sham  cases  —  were  servants 
of  the  government  seized,  bound,  and  confined .-'  Why  did 
the  free-traders  wear  arms  ?  Why  did  the  guards  on  shore 
and  the  barges  of  the  vessels  of  war  fire  so  frequently  at  the 
boats  engaged  in  smuggling  ?  Why  were  there  so  many  ex- 
traordinary feats  of  skill  in  rowing,  between  the  pursuers 
and  pursued  ?  and  why  were  a  British  sloop  of  war  —  the 
'■'Squirrel"  —  and  the  cutters  "  Pogge "  and  "Hunter" 
stationed  across  "  the  line,"  to  protect  and  succor  the  latter 
as  soon  as  they  passed  into  IJritish  waters  ? 

How  did  it  happen  that  the  "  Wasp "  captured  fourteen 
boats  laden  with  merchandise,  in  one  night,  though  a  )5riiish 
armed  brig  and  a  schooner  were  moored  off  Camjiobello,  with 
their  decki,  covered  with  Hour  that  had  been  carried  safely 
ac'oss,  and  were  ready  to  interfere  and  open  their  lire  upon 
the  first  pretence  of  violated  jurisdiction  ?  How  did  it  hap- 
pen, too,  that  on  another  occasion  the  boats  of  the  "  Wasp," 
which  were  despatched  up  the  Passaniaquoddy,  were  com- 
pelled to  a  hasty  return  to  tlie  sliip,  overpowered  by  those 
whose  movements  they  were  sent  to  watch?  Again,  if  e\ery 
man  could  be  bought  or  sent  to  bed,  on  payment  of  hush- 
money,  or  to  oblige  a  friend,  why  were  there  so  many  ingen- 


!  I 


'Hf 


i 


/ 


n 


148 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


ious  devices  to  elude  the  vigilance  of  the  various  grades  of 
persons  who  were  engaged  in  the  preventive  service  ? 

Four  vessels  which  arrived  here,  rather  than  incur  the  risks 
of  unloading  and  transporting  their  cargoes  in  the  ordinary- 
way,  preferred,  after  entering  at  the  custom-house,  to  depart 
to  the  British  colonies  without  their  papers,  and  never  to 
return  to  the  United  States.  Others,  when  tiour  sold  in 
Jamaica  for  twenty-five  dollars  the  barrel  and  lumber  for 
seventy-five  dollars  the  thousand  feet,  adopted  the  pretence, 
after  arriving  here,  of  being  "blown  to  sea  in  heavy  gales," 
and  of  being  "  driven  to  the  West  Indies  by  successive 
storms,"  where  they  sold  their  cargoes  "  in  distress."  Still 
further,  there  were  many  and  bitter  quarrels  between  the 
merchants  and  the  collector,  in  some  of  which  the  parties 
hardlv  refrained  from  blows.  One  instance  will  be  related. 
This  functionary,  suspecting  that  one  of  the  citizens  had  in 
his  store  a  quantity  of  fiour  which  he  meant  to  send  over  to 
the  British  side,  entered  his  place  of  business,  accompanied 
by  Captain  Smith  of  the  navy  and  Captain  Swett  of  the 
army,  with  a  band  of  men  within  call,  and  demanded  the  mer- 
chandise in  the  name  of  the  government.  The  merchant 
was  known  to  be  a  man  of  spirit, —  hence  the  array  of  offi- 
cials, and  underlings  to  do  his  bidding.  The  demand  was 
instantly,  and  most  positively,  refused.  High  words  ensued 
between  all.  The  merchant,  conscious  that,  whatever  were 
his  designs,  as  yet  he  had  violated  no  law,  declared  his  in- 
tention to  stand  for  his  rights  to  the  extremity,  and,  facing 
the  demandants,  thus  addressed  them-  "Gentlemen,  I  am 
here  on  my  own  soil,  in  defence  of  my  own  property,  and  — 
as  you  have  seen  fit  to  conduct  —  of  my  personal  honor. 
Heed  me,  then,  when  1  say,  as  I  now  do,  that  no  man,  be  he 
who  he  may,  touches  a  barici  of  this  flour  except  at  the  peril 
of  his  life.  I  have  said  :  now  take  care  of  yourselves." 
Awed,  the  officers  retired   to  consult  upon    the    course  the 


EMBARGO    AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


149 


affairs  had  taken,  and  finally,  calling  away  their  men,  de- 
parted ;  though,  in  the  outset,  so  determined  had  they  been 
to  effect  their  ]3urpose  that  they  had  hauled  a  vessel  upon 
the  beach  to  receive  the  flour,  and  placed  soldiers  and  sail- 
ors'on  the  spot  to  commence  the  removal. 

This  rapid  survey,  while  it  shows  the  spirit  and  transac- 
tions of  the  past,  shows  also  that  the  narrations  of  those 
who  participated  in  them  are  somewhat  exaggerated.  As  all 
the  world  knows,  the  tales  of  smugglers  and  fishermen  are 
always  long  and  frequently  adorned.  And,  besides,  matters 
that  are  correctly  stated  at  first  seldom  lose  in  point  or  gain 
in  accuracy  by  the  lapse  of  years.  In  the  transmission  from 
person  to  person  and  from  one  generation  to  another,  sup- 
positions and  conjectures  easily  and  almost  imperceptibly 
become  changed  into  verities,  with  date  and  circumstances. 
Some  of  the  stories  which  show  the  peculiar  nature  of  our 
commercial  history  during  the  embargo  are,  however,  to  be 
received  without  allowance ;  and  it  is  from  such  that  I  have 
endeavored  to  convey  a  general  idea  of  the  occurrences  and 
state  of  society  at  the  time. 

It  is  remarkable  that,  in  the  numerous  affrays  and  col- 
lisions, neither  officers  nor  smugglers  were  killed.  Whatever 
was  the  remissness  of  the  sentinels  and  guards  on  shore,  the 
use  of  fire-arms  on  the  water  was  frequent.  One  person,  in 
whose  stateniv.nt  the  utmost  confidence  is  to  be  placed,  has 
assured  me  that  twenty-one  bullets  were  fired  at  liim  in  the 
course  of  a  single  chase ;  and  a  second  smuggler,  equally 
entitled  to  credit,  relates  that,  while  in  pursuit  of  liim, 
eighteen  guns  were  discharged  from  the  government  boats 
before  he  crossed  "the  line"  into  British  waters.  Nor  were 
these  shots  fired  at  random,  for  the  mere  purjwse  of  intimi- 
dation or  show ;  since  it  is  aflirined  that  direct  aim  was 
taken,  and  that  most  of  the  balls  passed  through  the  sails 
or  between  the  masts,  or  struck  the  water  within  a  few  yards 
or  feet  of  the  boats. 


I 


\  ii 


15° 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


There  was  one  affair,  however,  in  which  human  life  was 
taken  by  the  free-traders.  The  circumstances  appear  to  have 
been  these  :  Finding  that,  with  all  the  force  employed,  smug- 
gling was  still  continued,  a  final  effort  was  made  to  put  an 
end  to  it  by  refusing  to  enter  at  the  custom-house  vessels 
arriving  with  cargoes.  A  vessel  which  had  been  refused 
leave  to  discharge  went  to  Isle  Haut,  and  other  places  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  Penobscot,  where  her  flour  was  landed  and 
put  in  the  care  of  men  appointed  by  the  collector  of  Castine. 
While  thus  situated,  and  late  in  the  fall  of  i8oS,  some  sailors 
were  employed  to  take  the  flour  from  the  custody  of  its 
keepers  to  a  vessel  which  had  been  sent  from  Eastport  to 
receive  it.  In  attempting  to  execute  this  design,  they  were 
fired  upon  by  the  collector's  men,  one  of  whom,  in  returning 
the  fire,  they  killed  on  the  spot.  They  then  took  possession 
of  the  flour,  put  it  on  board  of  the  vessel,  and  made  sail  for 
the  frontier.  But,  pursued  and  overtaken  by  the  revenue 
cutter,  they  hoisted  British  colors,  and  pretended  entire  igno- 
rance of  the  crime  of  which  they  were  accused.  Their  lad- 
ing betrayed  them.  They  were  taken  to  Castine,  where,  on 
examination,  one  of  their  number  testified  against  them  ;  and 
they  were  committed  to  prison.  From  another  account,  it 
appears  that  the  smugglers  consisted  of  fourteen  persons,  all 
of  whom  were  armed ;  that  ten  of  them,  carrying  guns  and 
pistols,  started  for  the  shore,  and  were  hailed  several  times 
by  the  sentinels  before  landing ;  that,  during  the  affray,  one 
of  the  smugglers  was  wounded  in  three  places  with  cut  shot ; 
and  that  the  name  of  the  sentinel  who  was  slain  was  Lazara 
Bogdomovitch.  It  also  appears  that  only  eight  of  the  smug- 
glers were  examined  and  committed ;  that  some  days  after 
they  were  sent  to  jail  a  mob  of  twenty  or  thirty  men,  armed 
with  pistols,  presented  themselves  to  the  jailer,  and  de- 
manded his  keys ;  and  that,  before  assistance  arrived,  four 
of  the  eight  were  either  released  or  made  their  escape.     It 


EMUARGO    AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


^SI 


is  further  affirmed  that,  though  the  vessel  sent  for  this  flour 
was  registered  at  Halifax,  the  real  owner  lived  at  Eastport, 
and  that  every  one  of  the  fourteen  who  were  employed  in 
the  enterprise  resided  here  or  immediately  across  the  border. 

While  Eastport,  now  so  changed,  so  quiet  and  orderly,  was 
the  scene  of  the  plans,  plots,  and  deeds  which  have  been 
briefly  noticed  ;  while  all  was  excitement,  noise,  and  revel ; 
while  regular  and  legal  vocations  were  nearly  suspended  ; 
and  while  the  disorders  introduced  by  commercial  advent- 
urers and  free-traders  were  increased  by  the  grosser  excesses 
of  seamen,  who,  deprived  of  voyages  at  home  by  the  em- 
bargo, were  continually  arriving  on  their  way  to  the  colonies 
in  quest  of  employment  there, —  we  cannot  wonder  that  the 
very  name  of  jNIoose  Island  became  offensive  to  men  of 
pure  morals,  or  that  the  odious  celebrity  which  it  acquired 
remained  long  after  those  who  made  it  a  ])lace  of  evil  doing 
had  departed. 

I  have  been  told  repeatedly  that  Fort  Sullivan  was  built  to 
aid  the  collector  of  the  customs  in  suppressing  the  illicit 
trade  of  the  time.  This  is  a  mistake,  for  there  is  official 
evidence  to  show  that  it  was  one  of  the  several  fortifications 
projected  in  consequence  of  the  relations  between  the  United 
States  and  France  and  I'.ngland.  .  .  . 

The  events  of  the  year  1S07,  especially  "the  insolence  and 
rapacity  of  British  naval  commanders,"  caused  increased  yet 
weak  and  inefficient  attention  of  our  government  to  defences 
of  the  coast,  to  consist  of  "land  batteries  and  gunboats." 
In  a  list  of  exposed  points  for  the  whole  United  States, 
I  find  mentioned,  as  of  "secondary  importance,"  the  follow- 
ing in  our  own  Stale, —  namely,  "York,  Kennebunk,  Saco, 
Kennebec,  Sheepscot,  Damariscotta,  Broad  Bay,  St.  George's, 
Penobscot,  Frenchman's  liay,  and  Passamaquoddy  Bay." 
To  these  the  Secretary  of  War  (General  Dearborn)  —  at  the 
instance,  possibly,  of  Colonel  Lemuel  'J'rescott  —  added  Ma- 


u 


152 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


chias.  The  three  posts  east  of  Castine,  as  recommendedj 
were  to  be  :  at  Frenchman's  Bay  and  Machias,  "two  or  three 
small  batteries  and  three  cannon  mounted  on  travelling 
carriages,  aided  by  gunboats " ;  and  for  Passamaquoddy, 
"  two  batteries  and  a  block-house,  aided  also  by  a  blank 
number  of  gunboats,  but  on  a  large  scale.".  .  . 

In  January,  1S09,  the  President  informed  Congress  of  the 
use  he  had  made  of  his  discretionary  power,  and  remarked 
that  the  military  works  erected  had  been  in  accordance  with 
the  circumstances  of  the  several  places ;  while,  in  the  report 
of  the  Secretary  of  War,  at  the  same  time,  we  have,  as  con- 
cerns our  immediate  subject,  the  information  that  at  "  Pas- 
samaquoddy a  battery  and  block-house  have  been  erected, 
and  a  garrison  placed  in  the  works."  In  December,  1S09, 
William  Eustis,  the  successor  of  General  Dearborn,  is  more 
definite,  as  thus  :  "  Par.samaquoddy,  a  circular  battery  of  six 
guns  mounted,  covered  by  a  block-house,  with  barracks  for 
fifty  men  "  ;  and  the  same  Secretary,  in  an  official  letter  in 
December,  18 ci,  reduces  the  number  of  guns  to  four,  but 
communicates  to  the  country  the  extraordinary  fact  that  the 
battery  is  built  of  stone  and  the  barracks  of  wood.  As  re- 
lates to  Machias,  we  are  informed  that  tliere  is  "a  circular 
battery  of  stone,  with  heavy  guns  mounted,  covered  by  a 
block-house,  with  wooden  barracks  for  forty  men  and 
officers." 

Turn  we  now  to  the  facts  gleaned  from  the  pajiers  of 
Colonel  Lemuel  Trescott,  collector  of  customs  at  Machias, 
under  whose  direction  the  fort  was  laid  out  and  completed, 
lie  received  his  instructions  as  early  as  April,  1808.  Hence, 
aside  from  what  we  derive  from  the  State  papers,  the  events 
of  the  summer  and  autumn  of  that  \ear  could  have  had  no 
possible  intluence  in  the  matter. 

It  appears,  moreover,  that  the  President  gave  no  specific 
directions  as  to  the  selection  of  the  site,  hut,  on  the  con- 


EMBARGO   AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


153 


trary,  intrusted  that  duty  to  the  colonel,  requirinj;  only  that 
he  should  purchase  ground  and  build  a  fort  at  "  Passama- 
quoddy,"  according  to  a  plan  which  was  transmitted  to  him. 
Colonel  Trescott,  in  the  exercise  of  his  discretion,  purchased 
three  acres  of  land  on  Clark's  Hill  for  the  sum  of  one  hun- 
dred and  eighty  dollars,  cleared  off  the  trees,  and  built  Fort 
Sullivan,  while  the  town  and  the  adjacent  waters  were 
thronged  with  smugglers.  Though  an  officer  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, he  confessed  that  he  was  "  no  engineer,"  and  in  a  letter 
to  Major  Joseph  G.  Swift,  of  the  United  States  Army,  sta- 
tioned at  Boston,  requested  advice  upon  several  material 
points. 

It  was  intended  that  a  ditch  and  a  line  of  pickets  should 
surround  the  works  ;  but  the  earth  was  found  to  be  but  from 
three  to  fifteen  inches  in  thickness  above  the  ledges  of  which 
the  hill  is  composed,  and  this  part  of  the  design  was  aban- 
doned. The  fort,  as  then  completed,  consisted  of  a  crescent 
battery,  of  stone  mason-work,  laid  in  lime,  eleven  feet  thick, 
and,  including  the  sods  on  the  top,  six  and  a  half  feet  high, 
with  platforms  for  cannon  ;  a  block-house,  of  pine  timber,  two 
stories  high,  with  walls  fourteen  inches  in.  thickness ;  and  a 
magazine,  ten  feet  square,  with  walls  two  feet  in  thickness, 
and  an  arched  roof.  Before  the  close  of  the  season,  the 
whole  was  completed,  four  eighteen-pounders  were  mounted, 
and  ('aptain  Moses  Swett  —  who,  as  will  be  remembered, 
with  his  company  of  United  States  artillery,  arrived  in  the 
"Wasp"  in  May  —  removed  from  temporary  cjuarters  into 
the  garrison. 

The  masons  were  brought  from  Massachusetts,  and  were 
supposed  to  be  workmen  ;  but  the  masonry  was  soon  found 
to  be  defective  and  to  need  repairs.  In  1809,  further  expen- 
ditures were  made,  and  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of 
officers  and  soldiers  were  erected.  A  fort  open  on  all  sides, 
otherwise  weak,  and  built  for  less  than  five  thousand  dollars, 


i; 


154 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


could  not,  it  mif.ht  be  reasonably  concluded,  excite  envy  or 
alarm.  But  the  people  of  Robbinston  insisted  that  they 
required  a  fortification  far  more  than  their  neighbors  of 
Moose  Island,  and  raised  a  clamor  because  their  superior 
claims  were  overlooked  ;  while,  on  the  other  hand.  Admiral 
Sir  John  B.  Warren  and  General  Prevost,  governor  of  Nova 
Scotia,  insisted  that  his  Britannic  Majesty  still  considered  all 
the  islands  in  Passamaquoddy  Bay  as  belonging  to  New 
Brunswick,  and  desired  to  be  informed  why  military  works 
were  erected  by  order  of  the  American  government  on  one 
of  them. 

That  Colonel  Trescott  exercised  a  sound  discretion  in  the 
choice  of  the  particular  town  may  be  seen  in  the  relative 
importance  of  all  the  towns  on  the  bay  at  the  present  time, 
and  that  the  pretensions  of  England  were  unfounded  subse- 
quent events  most  clearly  proved. 

Equally  certain  is  it  that  Clark's  Hill  was  well  chosen, 
since  it  is  precipitous  in  front,  commands  the  village  and 
much  of  the  harbor,  and  affords  one  of  the  finest  views 
imaginable.  It  was  selected,  however,  in  preference  to  other 
spots  on  the  island,  after  much  hesitation,  and  at  the  re- 
peated solicitation  of  an  estimable  citizen,  on  whose  authority 
the  fact  is  stated. 

For  whom  was  the  fort  named  ?  is  a  question  which  may 
well  detain  us  a  moment.  Certainly,  for  a  distinguished  man 
with  the  surname  of  Sullivan.  But  there  were  three  of  that 
description :  thus,  John,  of  New  Hampshire,  a  major-general 
in  the  Revolution,  who  died  in  1795  ;  his  son  George,  a  mem- 
ber of  Congress,  and  an  attornev-general  of  New  Hamu- 
shire,  who  died  in  1838 ;  and  James,  brother  of  John,  a 
governor  of  Massachusetts,  who  died  in  1808,  the  very  year 
the  fort  was  completed.  George  is  utterly  beyond  considera- 
tion, because  he  was  a  Federalist,  and  on  the  declaration  of 
war  was  one  of  the  members  of  Congress  who  addressed  the 


EMBARGO   AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


15s 


country  in  opposition  to  the  measure.  As  relates  to  James, 
it  may  be  remarked  that  it  is  not  usual  to  name  military 
posts  for  civilians  of  State  rank  merely ;  yet  it  is  possible 
that,  as  James  was  a  Democrat,  and,  besides,  an  intimate 
personal  friend  of  General  Dearborn,  who  was  vSecretary  of 
War,  there  was  a  departure  from  the  rule.  But,  on  the  other 
hand,  Dearborn  was  an  otilicer  in  the  Revolution,  and  in  the 
expedition  against  the  Indians  known  as  the  Six  Nations 
was  under  the  command  of  John,  the  general ;  and  I  incline 
to  the  opinion  that  for  John  the  honor  was  designed.  .  .  . 

To  resume  my  narrative.  During  the  year  1809,  Eastport 
was  comparatively  deserted  by  those  whose  loose  morals  and 
free  use  of  money  had  been  so  pernicious  to  its  real  pros- 
perity. 

At  the  opening  of  business  in  the  spring,  many  of  the 
inducements  to  the  prosecution  of  contraband  trade  which 
existed  in  180S  had  ceased;  while  in  August  the  ports  of 
St.  John  and  Halifax  were  closed  by  proclamation  against 
the  free  admission  of  American  produce.  The  principal 
trade  which  remained  was  in  gypsum,  or  plaster  of  Paris. 
The  restrictive  policy  of  both  governments  —  fast  hurrying 
to  war  —  compelled  the  American  people  on  the  frontier,  as 
well  as  those  in  the  colonies,  to  resort  to  various  expedients 
in  order  to  earn  subsistence.  The  traffic  in  gypsum  was  of 
consequence  to  both,  and  the  article  was  extensively  used 
in  the  agriculture  of  the  South.  That  a  commodity  deemed 
essential  to  increase  and  to  cheapen  the  production  of  South- 
ern staples  was  entirely  interdicted  may  appear  strange  to 
those  who  are  familiar  with  the  politics  of  the  times.  But 
such  was  the  case,  and  there  wns  no  lawful  means  of  intro- 
ducing plaster  of  Paris  into  the  United  States.  Still,  as  — 
in  the  words  of  the  old  adage  — "  necessity  is  the  mother 
of  invention,"  a  way,  carrying  upon  the  face  of  things  the 
forms  of  law,  was  speedily  devised.    It  was  this  :  A  merchant 


iS6 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


here  would  purchase  a  cargo  of  plaster,  bring  it  into  Ameri- 
can waters,  and  perhaps  land  it.  He  would  then  go  to  the 
collector  of  the  customs,  and  lodge  information  against  it, — 
against  his  own  property,  be  it  remembered.  In  due  time,  it 
would  be  condemned  and  sold.  At  the  sale,  opposing  bid- 
ders —  where  all  were  alternately  alike  situated  and  did  the 
same  thing  —  were  of  course  few;  and  the  owner  purchased 
it  much  at  his  own  price,  besides  receiving,  on  settlement 
with  the  collector,  his  share  of  the  proceeds  as  the  informer. 
Thus,  then,  he  had  obtained  a  quantity  of  pirrUer,  which, 
having  been  forfeited  to  the  government  by  his  own  act, 
could  be  transported  under  the  protection  of  the  law  to 
any  port  in  the  country.  A  few  tons  —  just  enough,  as 
the  phrase  was,  "to  swear  by  "  —  were  put  on  board  of  an 
American  vessel,  and  cleared  at  the  custom-house.  As  the 
deputy  collector  was  very  accommodating, —  such  is  the  story, 
—  the  clearance  specifying  no  definite  quantity,  the  balance 
of  a  cargo  could  be  taken  in  on  the  British  side,  without 
exciting  suspicion  when  that  document  should  be  examined 
at  the  port  of  destination.  To  Head  Harbor,  or  some  other 
place  across  "  the  line,"  the  vessel  was  accordingly  sent,  to 
complete  her  lading.  Another  practice  was  to  clear  at  the 
custom-house  a  definite  number  of  tons  and  about  one-tenth 
what  the  vessel  would  carry,  and  then,  by  adding  two  letters 
to  the  quantity  cleared,  make  a  full  and  legal  cargo.  Thus, 
if  six  tons  were  specified  in  the  clearance,  the  addition  of  ty 
made  six  sixty,  so  seven  became  seventy,  and  nine  ninety. 
By  these  and  similar  methods,  the  trade  was  safely  continued 
until  the  restrictions  were  removed. 

Not  one,  I  suppose,  of  the  prominent  actors  in  the  scenes 
of  which  I  have  rapidly  spoken,  is  now  alive.  Among  them, 
to  accept  what  has  been  related  to  me,  were  men  whose 
whole  career  was  checkered  and  eventful,  and  whose  history, 
if  written  out,  would  teach  us  many,  many  useful   lessons. 


EMBARGO    AND    NON-INTERCOURSE 


157 


As  has  been  said,  most  of  them  were  mere  sojourners  here. 
Of  those  who  continued  in  town,  three  or  four  only  were  of 
an  age  to  be  leaders,  or  very  considerable  participants,  in 
the  hazardous  and  exciting  enterprises  of  which  I  have 
spoken. 

The  number  of  vessels  which  arrived  and  departed  the 
Passamaquoddy,  "sixty  years  since,"  was  larL,^e.  Most  of 
them,  however,  were  owned  by  inhabitants  of  other  parts  of 
the  country;  and  some  of  them  seem  to  have  been  named 
witli  particular  reference  to  the  times  or  their  employment. 
Thus,  one  was  called  the  "  Honest  Tom,"  a  second  the 
"i'ederal,"  another  the  "Hazard,"  a  fourth  the  "Mind- 
well,"  and  still  another,  the  "Financier."  Of  the  few  ves- 
sels which  belonged  to  residents  of  Kastport,  the  schooner 
"  Delesdernier,"  John  Shackford,  master,  and  the  sloop 
"  Packet,"  commanded  by  Anthony  IJrooks,  were  possibly 
the  only  two  of  suitable  size  and  equipment  to  perform 
voyages  at  a  distance.  Captain  Joseph  Livermore,  who  was 
master  of  the  first  packet  to  Boston  which  was  owned  in 
town,  retired  from  the  business  more  than  a  year  before  the 
embargo,  and  had  been  commissioned  a  lieutenant  in  the 
revenue  service.  These  three  irentlemen,  it  is  believed,  were 
all  who  were,  or  had  been,  in  charge  of  vessels  of  burden 
or  value. 

At  that  period,  it  may  be  remarked,  too,  that  little  or  no 
attention  had  been  given  to  many  things  which  are  now 
deemed  of  the  highest  consequence.  There  was  no  suitable 
place  of  worship ;  there  was  no  adequate  provision  made  for 
schools.  Boynton,  Key,  Water,  and  Washington  Streets 
were  the  only  public  ways  ;  and  these  had  been  obstructed 
by  gates  and  bars  down  to  the  very  time  to  which  our  nar- 
rative relates.  The  first  dwelling-house  of  two  stories  was 
but  six  years  old;  and  five  —  perhaps  six  —  buildings  of  this 
description  comprised  the  whole  number  which   had   been 


I; 


iS8 


EASTI'ORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


built  upon  the  island.  The  soil  was  uncultivated,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  covered  with  trees  and  bushes.  Cows  and 
other  domestic  animals  were  uncommon.  A  horse  was  a 
curiosity,  and  many  persons  never  saw  one  until  1804.  The 
mail  arrived  but  once  in  a  week.  The  town  had  sent  a  rep- 
resentative to  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts  but  a 
single  year.  The  country  on  the  main  was  sparsely  peopled 
and  densely  wooded.  The  towns  of  Ferry,  Robbinston,  and 
Calais  had  no  incorporated  existence.  Lubec,  almost  a 
wilderness,  still  formed  a  part  of  Eastport.  The  distance 
to  Bangor,  as  travelled,  was  nearly  two  hundred  miles. 
The  roads  leading  to  the  Penobscot  were  bad,  almost  beyond 
description.  Two  years  had  hardly  elapsed  since  the  first 
journey  had  been  made  on  horseback  between  the  frontier 
and  Machias ;  and,  to  communicate  with  Robbinston,  even 
on  foot,  it  was  necessary,  after  crossing  Tuttle's  Ferry,  to  fol- 
low the  beaches  and  shores. 

Few  changes   occurred   before  the  war.     To   that  event, 
therefore,  we  now  direct  our  attention. 

On  the  ist  of  April,  1812,  another  Act  of  Embargo  passed 
Congress.  Of  "all  the  days  in  the  year,"  exclaimed  John 
Randolph,  in  his  bitter  invectives  against  the  measure,  ''April 
fools'  day !  "  This  was  considered  as  the  precursor  of  war. 
Our  relations  with  England  had  been  hostile  for  a  long 
course  of  years  ;  and,  indeed,  the  careful  student  of  State 
papers  and  documentary  liistory  will  conclude  that,  from  the 
peace  of  17S3,  the  causes  and  the  manner  of  tht  •  irti' 
between  the  mother  and  her  children  had  been  ( 
in  the  minds  of  both,  and  that  at  no  distant  day  tl  woulci 
be  a  renewal  of  the  quarrel.  .  .  . 

The  tidings  that  hostilities  actually  existed  between  Enj^ 
land  and  the  United  States,  though  not  unexpected  by  the 
people  of  Eastport,  fell  upon  them  with  stunning  force  ;  and 
many  families  prepared  for  immediate  removal  to  places  less 


WAR    OK    l8l2 


159 


exposed.  Adventurers  and  free-traders  had  continued  to 
resort  to  the  frontier,  and  several  were  in  town.  Twenty 
American  vessels  were  at  anchor  in  the  harbor ;  and,  at  the 
neighboring  port  of  St.  Andrews,  thirty  Knglish  ships,  pro- 
tected by  two  small  vessels  of  war,  were  hurrying  on  board 
cargoes  of  timber.  The  inhabitants  on  both  sides  of  the 
boundary  line,  feeling  that  the  injuries  which  they  could  in- 
flict upon  one  another  would  only  imbitter  their  own  lives 
without  helping  either  government,  and  bound  together  by 
ties  of  business,  consanguinity,  and  friendship,  determined 
to  mutually  discourage  predatory  e.Kcursions,  and  to  live  on 
as  amicable  terms  as  the  state  of  affairs  would  allow.  To 
a  very  considerable  extent,  this  resolution  was  adhered  to 
throughout  the  conflict.  .  .  . 

The  impression  seems  almost  universal  among  the  inhabi- 
tants that  Fort  Sullivan  was  occupied  by  regular  troops  at 
the  commencement  of  hostilicies.  The  account  is  that  Lieu- 
tenant Samuel  Maclay  succeeded  Captain  Swett,  and  re- 
mained until  ordered  to  a  more  important  post  of  duty. 
This  may  be  the  fact.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  State 
papers  of  the  time  show  that,  only  twelve  days  before  the 
declaration  of  war,  the  number  of  troops  in  the  whole  of 
New  England  was  precisely  three  hundred  and  twenty-four ; 
namely,  one  hundred  and  ninety-three  at  Boston  and  one 
hundred  and  thirty-one  at  Newport.  Immediately  after  the 
declaration,  however,  General  Dearborn  made  a  call  on  Gov- 
ernor Strong  for  troops,  in  accordance  with  instructions  from 
the  President,  and  stated  that  one  company  of  artillery  and 
four  companies  of  infantry  were  required  for  the  post  at 
Eastport.  Governor  Strong  replied  to  the  general's  com- 
munication on  the  5th  of  August,  and  informed  him  that,  as 
persons  from  this  town  and  Robbinston  had  been  deputed  to 
make  known  the  wishes  of  the  inhabitants,  who  entertained 
no  fears  of  invasion  from  authorized  British  forces,  but  were 


i6o 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


apprehensive  of  predatory  excursions  from  lawless  people  on 
the  borders,  he  had  that  day  issued  an  order  for  two  com- 
panies to  be  stationed  at  Eastport,  and  for  one  company  to 
take  post  at  Robbinston,  to  be  commanded  by  a  major. 

Two  of  these  companies  were  detached  from  the  brigade 
of  General  John  Blake,  on  the  Penobscot,  and  were  in  com- 
mand of  Captain  Joshua  Chamberlain,  of  Orrington,  grand- 
father of  the  ex-Governor  Chamberlain,  and  Captain  Thomas 
George,  of  Brewer.  The  third  was  commanded  by  Captain 
Thomas  Vose,  Jr.,  of  Robbinston.  Major  Nathan  Low,  of 
Deer  Isle,  was  detailed  as  the  superior  officer,  but  was  ex- 
cused ;  and  Major  Jacob  Ulnier,*  of  Lincolnville,  was  desig- 
nated in  his  place,  and  repaired  to  the  frontier. 

On  the  departure  of  Chamberlain's  company  from  home, 
a  religious  meeting  was  appointed,  a  sermon  preached,  ex- 
hortations delivered  by  several  ministers,  and  prayers  offered 
by  both  clergymen  and  laymen.  The  soldiers  were  going,  it 
was  thought,  to  a  barbarous  region,  where  the  enemy  on  one 
hand  and  the  AnKM'ican  smugglers  on  the  other  would,  as 
kind  friends  supposed,  certainly  destroy  them.  Hence  the 
solemn  services  and  the  more  solemn  partings  which  fol- 
lowed them  on  the  green  in  front  of  the  meeting-house,  all 
of  which  1  well  remember.  My  own  father  was  one  of  the 
clergvmen  who  officiated  on  the  occasion.  1  was  a  little 
fellow,  and  was  so  frightened  at  the  military  display,  at  the 
sobbing  and  tears  of  partnig  friends,  that  I  cried  myself, 
and  crossed  the  river  for  home,  much  distressed.  In  truth, 
the  scent  is  still  fresh  in  my  memory.  And  more  :  William 
Cobb,  one  of  the  soldiers,  after  his  return  hired  with  my 
father.  His  first  work  was  to  sharpen  rails:  and,  to  keep 
them  steady  and  to  turn  them  over,  I  was  employed  to  sit 
astride.  To  while  away  the  time,  and  amuse  a  l)oy  who 
loved  to  ])lay  better  than  to  study  even,  he  told  me  from  day 
to  day  about  Mi'ose   Island,  its  scenery,  its  headlands,  the 

*  The  oflki.il  orckr  says /ijcoi  timer :   individuals  here  say /Vj/V/y»  Llmcr. 


WAR    OF     l8l2 


l6l 


rise  and  fall  of  the  tides,  the  smugglers,  and  everything  con- 
nected with  his  own  stay  there,  which  interested  me  greatly. 
Without  these  stories,  when  compelled  to  "  seek  my  fortune  " 
somewhere,  I  should  not  have  so  much  as  thought  of  East- 
port,  certainly  not  have  sought  a  home  there. 

To  resume  my  narrative.  These  militia  and  the  volunteers 
enlisted  in  town  and  the  neighborhood  continued  service 
about  a  year,  when  they  were  relieved  by  regulars.  The  dis- 
cipline of  the  militia  was  lax,  and  they  committed  many  dep- 
redations upon  the  very  people  whom  they  were  sent  to 
protect  from  the  incursions  of  marauders.  It  is  related  that, 
at  one  time,  the  pork  of  their  rations  was  bad,  and  consisted 
principally  of  legs  and  heads,  and  that  they  plundered  the 
potato  patches  of  the  inhabitants  at  will.  On  complaint 
being  made  to  one  of  the  captains,  he  rebuked  his  company 
on  parade  for  the  offence  with  some  severity.  After  he  had 
finished  his  harangue,  a  green,  tow-haired  Jonathan  of  a 
fellow  stepped  out  of  the  ranks,  and,  with  a  knowing  cant  of 
his  head,  said,  "Why,  Cap'n,  don't  you  expect  that  your 
men  will  root,  when  you  give  them  so  much  hogs'  heads 
to  eat?" 

The  troops  of  the  United  States  were  first  under  command 
of  George  Ulmer,  a  major-general  in  the  militia,  who,  being 
appointed  colonel  in  the  national  army,  resigned  his  commis- 
sion. Colonel  Ulmer  was  much  disliked.  The  citizens,  un- 
able to  bear  the  insults  and  oppressions  which  he  autiiori/ed 
or  permitted,  appointed  a  committee  to  investigate  the  sub- 
jects of  complaint,  and  to  report  a  statement  of  facts.  'I'heir 
report  and  the  depositions  of  several  respectable  persons  are 
in  my  possession,  and  show  that  the  inhabitants  sulTered  the 
most  wanton  and  unprovoked  injuries.  It  is  a\erred,  on  the 
other  hand,  by  Colonel  I'lmer's  friends,  that  his  unpopular- 
ity was  caused  by  his  exertions  to  prevent  smuggling  and 
other   illicit  intercourse  with   the  enemy.      In    1S14,   he  was 


l62 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


succeeded  by  Major  Perley  Putnam,  of  the  Fortieth  Regi- 
ment of  United  States  Infantry.  His  force  consisted  of  the 
companies  of  Captain  J.  B.  Varnum  and  Captain  John  1^'illi- 
brown  at  Fort  Sullivan,  and  a  third  company  at  a  slight  forti- 
fication erected  at  Robbinston.  The  whole  number  of  troops 
on  the  frontier  did  not  at  any  time  exceed  two  hundred  and 
ten  men  ;  nor  was  it  greater,  or  even  so  great,  after  the  regu- 
lars relieved  the  militia. 

The  inhabitants  the  first  year  of  the  war  were  not  sufferers 
to  any  extent  for  breadstuffs  and  other  necessary  articles 
of  food.  The  intercourse  with  the  ports  South  was  inter- 
rupted, but  with  Boston  it  was  maintained  with  sufficient 
regularity  to  supply  their  pressing  wants.  But  in  1813  com- 
munication by  vessels  became  hazardous  ;  and  resort  was 
had  to  open  boats,  which,  by  keeping  close  to  the  shore  by 
day  and  stopping  by  night,  performed  trips  to  Boston,  Ports- 
mouth, and  Portland  with  safety  during  the  summer  months. 
In  craft  of  this  description,  fish  and  oil  were  exported  and 
articles  of  consumption  received.  Three  of  our  townsmen  — 
John  Shackford,  Darius  Pcarce,  and  another  —  were  in  one 
of  these  boats,  off  Pemaquid  Point,  bound  to  Portsmouth, 
when  the  "  Boxer  "  got  under  way  to  meet  the  "  Enterprise." 
As  the  "  Boxer  "  passed  them,  they  pulled  round  the  point, 
and  went  on  shore  to  witness  the  fight.  After  the  first  fire, 
the  smoke  obstructed  their  view ;  but  they  drank  success  to 
their  countrymen  during  the  action.  When  they  saw  both 
vessels  iitanding  toward  Portland,  they  testified  their  joy  by 
cheers  and  additional  potations. 

In  1 812  and  a  part  of  18 13,  American  privateers  were 
numerous  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  often  came  into  the 
harbor  or  passed  up  the  bay  to  Robbinston.  Five  were  at 
West  Quoddy  Head  at  one  time.  Some  of  these  privateers 
were  very  successful  in  making  prizes.  Among  their  capt- 
ures were  the  *' Jarroth,"  of  four  hundred  tons,  the  "  Fanny," 


WAR    OF     l8l2 


163 


with  a  cargo  of  sugar  valued  at  $18,000,  the  bark  "Will- 
iam," the  ship  "  Concord,"  the  brig  "  Elbe,"  and  a  schooner 
with  specie.  These  and  several  smaller  prizes  were  taken 
when  bound  to  or  from  the  port  of  St.  Andrews.  In  preying 
upon  the  commerce  of  St.  John,  it  is  believed  that  they  were 
still  more  fortunate.  Their  presence  in  our  waters  was  the 
cause  of  frequent  rumors  and  alarms.  At  one  time  five, 
and  at  another  three, —  as  was  conjectured, —  were  hovering 
about  the  bay,  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  descent  upon  St. 
Andrews  and  of  seizing  the  shipping  there ;  and  it  was 
threatened  that,  in  retaliation,  Eastport  should  be  burned. 
An  attack  upon  several  British  vessels  aground  at  Indian 
Island  by  three  of  the  p-'vateers,  the  "  Eame  "  and  "  Re- 
venge "  of  Salem,  and  the  "  Industry  "  of  Lynn,  caused  a 
threat  of  reprisal  to  be  made,  and  angry  messages  to  be 
sent  and  answered.  Some  of  the  privateers  were,  in  fact, 
no  better  than  pirates.  Of  this  description  was  the 
"Weazel,"  commissioned  by  the  collector  at  Castine,  and 
commanded  by  Edward  Snow,  of  Hampden,  Me.,  a  preacher 
of  the  gospel,  whom  1  knew  as  a  boy  knows  a  man.  On  the 
9th  of  June,  18 1 3.  this  minister  went  to  IJeaver  Harbor, 
N.13.,  robbed  the  house  of  Captain  H.  V'oung  of  fifteen 
barrels  of  sugar,  the  clothing  of  the  family,  and  even  the 
children's  toys.  The  owner  was  absent,  and  no  resistance 
was  made.  The  same  night,  Snow  captured  a  small  vessel 
bound  from  St.  John  to  St.  Andrews.  News  of  these  in- 
famous exploits  reached  Campobello  the  next  day,  when 
two  boats  were  fitted  out,  and  sent  in  |)ursuit.  They  re- 
captured the  vessel,  chased  Snow  to  Crand  Manan,  and 
drove  him  and  crew  to  the  shore,  and,  one  man  excepted, 
into  the  woods.  Prior  to  this  affair,  the  British  cruisers  in 
the  Bay  of  Fundy  had  never  interrupted  American  fishing- 
boats  in  their  pursuits  ;  but  Captain  Cordon  of  the  "  Rat- 
tler "  now  ordered  them  off,  and  gave  notice   that  such  as 


-1? 


164 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


were  found  beyond  certain  prescribed  limits  would  be  capt- 
ured and  destroyed. 

It  may  be  added  that  other  American  private  armed  ves- 
sels did  not  scruple  to  fire  upon  and  otherwise  annoy  our 
own  flag,  and  that  one  of  them  made  prize  of  and  sent  to 
Salem  the  brig  "  Sally  "  (Porter,  master),  owned  by  citizens 
of  this  town.  These  privateers  were  generally  vessels,  but 
some  were  mere  open  row-boats  ;  others,  though  still  without 
decks,  used  sails.  The  largest,  as  now  to  be  ascertained, 
were  the  "  Fame,"  the  "  Revenge,"  the  "  Growler,"  and 
"  Wasp,"  all  of  Salem,  the  "  Lily "  of  Portland,  and  the 
"  Industry  "  of  Lynn.  In  June,  1S13,  the  "  Fame  "  was  com- 
manded by  Captain  Chapman,  and  was  in  the  bay  on  her 
eighth  cruise.  The  "  Lily,"  in  coming  out  of  Little  River  in 
December,  1812,  fell  in  with  the  "  Preame,"  and,  not  being 
able  to  escape,  ran  on  shore,  where  she  lost  her  mast  by 
the  '•  Iheame's  "  fire,  but  escaped  capture,  repaired  dam- 
ages, and  put  to  sea.  The  "  Wasp "  was  taken  by  the 
"  Preame  "  in  June,  1813,  and  carried  into  St.  John. 

No  privateer  was  owned  here.  Noah  Fdgeconi.^  was  in 
command  of  the  "  Olive  "  of  Portland,  and  was  the  only 
inhabitant,  possibly,  who  engaged  in  privateering  as  an 
f)fiicer. 

In  concluding  the  topic,  it  remains  to  speak  of  the  cruisers 
of  the  enemy.  Of  these,  several  were  of  size  and  force.  Of 
this  description  were  the  frigate  "  Spartan,"  Captain  ]•>.  P. 
Ihinton,  a  native  of  Rhode  Island  and  the  son  of  a  Loyalist 
of  the  Revolution,  the  frigate  "  M  'stone,"  Captain  Ceorge 
Burditt.  Such  also  were  the  "  Fanlome,"  Captain  J.  Law- 
rence, the  "Rattler,"  Captain  A.  Cordon,  tlie  "Indian,"  Cap- 
tain Henry  Jane,  the  "  Enuilous,"  Captain  W.  M.  Godfrey, 
and  the  "  Martin,"  Captain  H.  l'\  Senhouse,  all  sloops  of 
war,  the  brig  "  Plumper,"  Lieutenant  J.  Pray,  and  tiie  brig 
"  Bo.ver,"   Lieutenant  Samuel   lilvtlie  ;  wiiile  the  "  lliiame," 


WAR    OF    l8l2 


165 


Lieutenant  Hare,  though  smaller  than  either  of  the  sloops 
or  brigs,  was  dreaded  for  her  activity  and  success.  The 
"  Spartan  "  and  "  Maidstone  "  made  great  havoc  among  the 
American  privateers  which  cruised  in  the  bay  in  18 13. 
The  "  Indian,"  the  same  year,  passed  Fort  Sullivan  with  her 
colors  struck,  to  prevent  or  escape  its  fire,  proceeded  to 
Roljbinston,  where  she  made  a  prize  of  an  American  vessel 
with  a  cargo  valued  at  $15,000,  crossed  to  St.  Andrews,  and 
thence  conveyed  a  number  of  ships  to  St.  John,  to  join  con- 
voy for  England,  and  captured  the  privateers  "  Argus," 
"  Fair  Trader,"  and  "  Madison,"  and  the  brig  "  Mars  "  from 
Portugal. 

The  "  Plumper  "  was  a  great  scourge,  but  her  career  was 
short.  During  the  summer  and  fall  of  18 12,  she  made  many 
valuable  prizes,  and  afforded  convoy  to  vessels  bound  to  sea 
from  St.  Andrews.  On  the  sth  of  December,  she  was  totally 
lost  on  Point  Lepreau;  and  forty-two  jiersons  perished, 
Lieutenant  Ikay  was  saved.  Among  those  wiio  lost  their 
lives  were  several  of  her  officers  and  a  number  of  passengers. 
Of  the  latter,  the  names  of  Dr.  and  Mrs.  Wright,  Mr.  Cun- 
ningham, and  Mr.  Crawtord,  of  the  commissary  department, 
have  been  preserved.  She  had  on  board  a  large  sum  in 
specie,  the  i^rincipal  ])arl  of  which  was  subsequently  recov- 
ered.* The  "  Martin  "  was  a  freciuent  visitor.  Sometimes, 
she  anchored  off  the  town  and  in  sight ;  ai  others,  she  lay  in 
Harbor  L'J^taing  for  weeks.  Toward  the  close  of  18 13,  with 
the  help  of  a  tender,  she  blockaded  our  port  for  nearly  a 
month,  and  cut  off  the  chebacco  boats  and  other  small  craft 
which  approached  it  with  supplies. 

The  "  Breame  "  was  still  more  annoying.  She  seems  to 
have  been  one  of  the  earliest  of  the  liritish  cruisers  that  came 
on  the  eastern  coast,  and  few  of  them  were  more  fortunate. 

•The  Spanish  dolhir'.  recoivetl  frDin  the  wreck  of  the  "  Phiniper "  were  discolored 
by  the  salt  water,  .iml,  wh,;ii  put  in  citcul.ttion,  were  called  "  plumpers." 


; 


i66 


EASTPORT   AND    TASSAMAQUODDY 


The  first  notice  I  find  of  her  bears  date  in  July,  1812, 
when,  under  a  flag  of  truce,  she  carried  to  Boston  one  or 
more  of  the  seamen  taken  from  the  "  Chesapeake  "  by  the 
"Leopard  "  in  1807,  and  returned  to  Halifax.  Subsequently, 
she  made  twenty-six  captures  in  a  short  time.  Most  of  the 
prizes  were  burned ;  but  during  one  cruise  she  spared  so 
many  of  her  crew  to  man  vessels  which  she  had  captured  that 
she  was  utterly  defenceless,  and  she  kept  her  prisoners  below, 
fast  in  irons. 

Among  the  prizes  were  the  schooners  "  Delesdernier"  and 
"Dolphin,"  and  three  smaller  vessels  which  belonged  to  East- 
port.  John  Shackford  was  master  of  the  first ;  and  Samuel 
Wheeler,  an  owner,  was  on  board  as  a  passenger.  They  paid 
ransom  for  their  property,  and  were  released.  The  "  Dol- 
phin" was  owned  by  Jabez  Mowry,  commanded  by  Anthony 
Brooks,  bound  to  Cadiz,  and  was  captured  off  Head  Harbor 
and  sent  to  Halifax.  Captain  Brooks  fell  into  their  posses- 
sion a  second  time  off  West  Quoddy,  in  a  chebacco  boat,  in 
which,  after  the  loss  of  the  "Dolphin,"  he  attempted  to  pro- 
ceed to  ]3oston.  The  fourth  prize  was  also  a  chebacco  boat, 
in  which  were  the  brothers  Samuel  and  Jacob  Shackford,  who 
paid  a  stipulated  sum  and  were  given  up.  The  fifth  was  the 
schooner  "  Fortune,"  owned  by  Jabez  Mowry,  and  commanded 
by  John  Webster.  Vessel  and  cargo  were  sent  to  St.  John. 
Similar  incidents  connect  the  "Rattler  "  with  the  history  of 
Eastport.  Among  the  prizes  was  the  "  Expedition,"  which 
was  the  second  vessel  built  here,  to  run  as  a  packet  to 
Boston.  'I'he  "  Expedition  "  was  of  one  hundred  and  thirty 
tons  burden,  was  owned  by  the  firm  of  Dana,  Wheeler  & 
Bartlett,  and  Jabez  Mowry,  and  commanded  by  Anthony 
Brooks.  When  captured,  twenty-two  passengers  were  on 
board  ;  and  among  them  were  Samuel  Wheeler,  and  a  Mr. 
Morton,  of  Gloucester,  Mass.  The  British  officers  who  took 
possession  ordered  Mr.  Wheeler  in  an  insolent  tone  to  haul 


WAR    OF     l8l2 


167 


down  her  colors.  He  turned  and  said,  "Did  you  speak  to 
me,  sir?"  "Yes,"  was  tlie  reply.  "Well,"  rejoined  Mr. 
Wheeler,  "  if  the  colors  don't  come  down  till  /  haul  them 
down,  they'll  fly  a  long  time."  The  passengers  were  taken 
on  board  of  the  "  Rattler,"  but  were  subsequently  transferred 
to  her  companion,  the  "  Emulous,"  with  the  design  of  set- 
ting them  on  shore  at  Head  Harbor ;  but  the  wind  blew  a 
gale,  and  they  were  landed,  about  dark,  on  the  day  of  cap- 
ture, at  West  Quoddy.  Mr.  Wheeler  and  Mr.  Morton  were, 
however,  detained  some  hours  longer  for  contumacy,  and  for 
planning  —  as  was  supposed  —  to  release  themselves  and 
companions  from  captivity.  The  "  Expedition  "  was  sent 
to  St.  John,  was  named  the  "  Sarah,"  and  was  owned  by 
Thomas  Milbridge.  After  the  war,  she  was  in  the  plaster 
trade ;  and  some  of  her  cargoes  were  sold  here  at  $9.60  the 
ton.  Solomon  Rice,  the  purchaser  of  one  cargo,  gave  for  it 
a  bucket  even  full  of  dollars,  a  barrel  of  beef,  and  another 
of  pork.  The  master  received  the  money  without  count- 
ing ;  for,  "  by  the  look  of  it,"  said  he,  "  I  am  sure  there  is 
enough."  John  Webster,  in  a  sloop  bound  to  Eastport 
with  provisions,  was  captured  by  the  brig  "Curlew,"  off 
Deer  Island.  The  sloop  was  sent  to  Halifax.  Three  days 
after,  the  "Curlew"  made  prize  of  another  sloop  loaded 
with  wood,  and  put  on  board  Captain  Webster  and  about 
one  hundred  other  prisoners,  who  arrived  at  Cape  Ann. 

Darius  Pearce,  in  command  of  the  schooner  "  Sally," — 
better  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  Old  Sal," —  was  taken  by 
the  frigate  "  Spartan  "  and  carried  to  St.  John.  The  "  Sally  " 
was  owned  by  Dana,  Wheeler  &  Bartlett;  and,  as  one  of  the 
firm  was  at  St.  John  on  her  arrival  there,  vessel,  cargo,  and 
crew  were  released.  John  Shackford  —  for  the  third  time 
a  prisoner  —  was  captured  off  Cape  Ann  in  the  schooner 
"  Delesdernier,"  by  a  frigate,  and  sent  to  Halifax.  His 
brother  Samuel  was  his  companion.     On  his  arrival  at  Hali- 


i 
\ 


1 68 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMA(.)UODDY 


fax,  he  was  without  a  hat,  and,  one  dolhir  excepted,  entirely 
destitute  of  money. 

In  July,  1813,  Noah  Kdgecomb  was  captured  off  West 
Quoddy  ligiit-house  l)y  the  Dritish  privateer  "Retrieve," 
Captain  Crane.  Captain  Edgecomb  had  taken  in  some  flour 
and  other  stores  at  Machias  for  the  garrison  at  Fort  Sulli- 
van, and  was  on  his  passage  home.  He  was  detained  one 
night,  and  was  released.  The  captors  gave  up  his  vessel, 
but  kept  his  cargo,  which  they  transferred  to  a  sloop  which 
they  had  taken  the  day  previous. 

The  "  Boxer,"  like  the  cruisers  already  mentioned,  is  well 
remembered.  Lieutenant  Blythe,  her  commander,  was  known 
to  several  of  our  inhabitants  and  was  respected  for  his  manly 
and  generous  conduct.  He  made  several  prizes  off  the  har- 
bor, and  three  vessels  bound  in  fell  into  his  hands  near 
West  Quoddy  at  one  time.  His  visits  were  often  ill-timed, 
for  it  was  his  fortune  to  intercept  supplies  at  moments  of 
absolute  want;  but,  though  in  the  course  of  his  duty  he 
caused  distress,  he  was  liberal  in  adjusting  terms  of  ran- 
som, and  treated  his  prisoners  with  kindness.  A  week 
before  his  death,  John  Shackford,  Darius  Pearce,  and  Sam- 
uel Shackford  were  his  captives,*  They  were  in  a  small 
boat,  and  were  taken  within  a  few  miles  from  home.  He 
asked  them  about  the  "  Enterprise,"  and  said  he  hoped  to 
fall  in  with  her,  that  seizing  upon  craft  like  theirs  was  detes- 
table business,  and  that  he  wished  to  make  a  prize  honor- 
able to  his  profession.  One  of  them  replied  that  he  "  had 
better  keep  clear  of  the  'Enterprise,'  for  she  would  surely 
prove  a  '  Scotch  prize.'  "  He  took  the  remark  in  perfect 
good  nature,  and  laughingly  replied,  "Oh,  no!"  Blythe  was 
short  and  thick,  very  straight,  of  a  light  complexion,  and 
handsome  person.     His  manners  were  open  and  social,  and 

*  Captain  Thomas  Reed,  wlio  subseciiiently  commandpd  several  steamers  plying  from 
St.  John,  \vas  pilot  of  the  "  Boxer."  He  knew  the  p.  ners,  and  aided  in  effecting 
their  release. 


WAR    OF    l8l2 


169 


he  spoke  without  harshness  or  authority.  He  released  his 
three  prisoners,  and  proceeded  in  search  of  the  "  Knter- 
prise,"  and  on  the  5th  of  September,  18 13,  engaged  her. 
Forty-si.\  of  his  officers  and  crew  were  killed  and  wounded 
in  the  battle.  Blythe  was  among  the  slain  ;  and  the  people 
of  Portland  buried  him  by  the  side  of  IJurrows,  his  antago- 
nist. The  capture  of  the  "  Boxer  "  was  an  event  which  gave 
universal  joy  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  eastern  coast,  because 
of  the  annoyance  she  gave  to  them  and  their  trade. 

Two  instances  more  of  the  personal  sufferings  endured  by 
our  citizens  may  now  be  given,  to  complete  our  hasty  survey. 
These,  though  differing  somewhat  from  those  already  re- 
lated, still  serve  to  show  the  miseries  which  governments 
inflict  upon  individuals,  when  they  wickedly  refuse  to  adjust 
national  quarrels.  The  first  is  the  case  of  Captain  Ebenezer 
E.  Tuttle,  who  perished  some  years  since  in  the  schooner 
"  Champion."  Captain  Tuttle  was  impressed  during  the 
embargo,  and  served  in  the  British  navy  until  the  close  of 
the  war.  He  was  drafted  to  the  "Java"  for  the  cruise  in 
which  she  met  the  "  Constitution,"  but  was  excused  on  stat- 
ing his  dislike  to  service,  which  would  be  likely  to  bring  him 
in  conflict  with  his  countrymen.  At  a  subsequent  period,  he 
was  attached  to  a  ship  of  the  line  stationed  off  New  York. 
His  situation  was  never  pleasant,  and  at  times  extremely 
disagreeable.  He  intended  to  escape  from  the  first,  and, 
accomplishing  his  design  finally,  returned  home. 

The  second  is  that  of  the  brig  "  Orient."  This  vessel  was 
owned  by  Jabez  Mowry  and^  the  firm  of  Dana  &  Wheeler, 
and  under  the  command  of  William  Shackford.  Early  in 
1S12,  she  sailed  from  l^astport  for  Cadiz,  with  a  cargo  of 
rice  and  flour.  When  within  twenty-five  miles  of  her  port 
of  destination,  she  was  taken  by  three  French  privateers  and 
carried  into  San  Lucar.  The  seamen  were  sent  to  prison ; 
but  Captain   Shackford,  his  mate,  and  cook  were  left  desti- 


lyo 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


tute  in  the  streets.  The  three  went  on  board  another  Amer- 
ican prize,  where  they  lived  on  charity  four  weeks.  Our 
townsmen  then  succeeded  in  procuring  charge  of  an  Ameri- 
can vessel  under  a  British  license,  laden  with  wine  for  Lon- 
don, to  touch  at  Plymouth  for  convoy.  On  the  passage,  he 
heard  of  the  declaration  of  war. 

He  remained  at  London  several  months,  waiting  for  an 
opportunity  to  get  to  the  United  States,  and  at  last  shipped 
as  a  common  seaman  in  a  brig  bound  to  Boston. 

As  yet,  I  have  said  nothing  of  British  privateers.  None, 
I  think,  were  cruising  in  this  quarter  in  1812.  But,  early  in 
181 3,  authority  was  given  to  commission  private  vessels  in 
New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia ;  and  they  soon  became 
numerous.  Among  them  were  the  "Thorn,"  the  "Curlew," 
the  "Rapid,"  the  "  Fly,"  the  "Dart,"  and  the  "Liverpool 
Packet."  They  were  all  troublesome.  The  "  Liverpool 
Packet  "was  one  of  the  most  fortunate  armed  vessels  that 
was  upon  the  coast  during  the  contest.  She  was  fitted  out 
in  Nova  Scotia,  and  was  commanded  by  Joseph  Barrs. 
After  taking  prizes  to  the  value  of  upward  of  $300,000,  she 
was  herself  captured,  and  ordered  to  an  American  port, 
but  was  retaken  and  refitted  by  her  original  owners.  Again 
successful,  her  captures  in  a  few  days  amounted  to  $100,000. 
The  "  P'ly,"  another  of  the  Nova  Scotia  privateers,  seized 
upon  the  schooner  boat  "  Success,"  Snow,  bound  to  East- 
port  with  government  stores  for  Fort  Sullivan,  in  June,  18 13, 
and,  putting  on  board  a  prize-master  and  a  boy,  ordered  her 
to  a  colonial  port.  Captain  Sn<5w,  who  had  but  one  leg  and 
was  alone,  rose  upon  the  prize-master,  killed  him,  and  ar- 
rived in  the  Narraguagus  River,  where  his  victim  was  de- 
cently buried.  The  master  of  the  "  Fly  "  was  Elkinah  Cle- 
ments, who  treated  our  countrymen  when  in  his  power  with 
kindness.  He  once  gave  up  a  prize  of  some  value  without 
ransom,  on  condition  that  her  master  should  carry  into  Bos- 


WAR    OF    l8l2 


171 


ton  or  Salem  a  young  lady  who  was  passenger  in  another 
vessel  which  he  had  captured ;  and  his  course,  generally,  was 
dictated  by  the  same  spirit. 

Besides  the  losses  already  spoken  of,  our  citizens  suffered 
others,  the  principal  of  which  may  be  noticed.  Early  in  the 
war,  the  schooner  "Raven,"  bound  here  from  Philadelphia 
with  a  cargo  of  flour,  the  property  of  Messrs.  N.  B.  &  S. 
Bucknam  and  Wooster  Tuttle,  was  captured  off  Portland  and 
sent  to  Halifax.  As  she  sailed  under  a  British  license,  an 
agent  of  the  owners  of  the  cargo  succeeded  in  recovering 
partial  remuneration.  In  18 13,  a  sloop  owned  by  the 
Messrs.  Bucknams,  under  convoy  of  a  British  armed  brig, 
and  also  furnished  with  a  license  and  bound  from  St.  John 
to  Boston,  drifted  under  the  guns  of  Fort  Sullivan,  was 
fired  upon  and  made  a  prize.  Her  cargo,  which  con- 
sisted of  hardware  worth  $20,000,  was  taken  out  and  sold 
at  auction.  Vessel  and  cargo  were  bought  in  by  the  owners, 
when,  protected  from  British  cruisers  by  the  license,  a  sec- 
ond attempt  was  made  to  perform  the  voyage.  When  off 
Cape  Ann,  she  was  examined  by  a  British  privateer,  which 
the  master  mistook  for  an  American,  and  accordingly  de- 
stroyed the  license.  Thus  become  again  a  prize,  she  was 
sent  to  a  port  in  Nova  Scotia.  The  loss — increased  by  the 
purchase  money  after  the  first  seizure  and  subsequent  ex- 
penses—  was  about  $30,000.  The  schooner  "Olinda  Ann," 
owned  by  Ezekiel  Prince,  was  lost  to  him  in  January  of  the 
same  year.  It  appears  that  the  "  Diligence,"  Symonds,  of 
eighteen  guns,  from  London  to  Halifax  and  St.  Jcjhn,  with 
ammunition  for  the  garrison  at  the  latter  place,  drove  on 
shore  near  Machias  in  a  gale,  and  that  boats  were  sent  to 
take  the  "Olinda  Ann"  as  she  passed  by  soon  after.  Sym- 
onds, learning  that  an  attack  on  his  ship  was  meditated  at 
Eastport,  hastily  put  a  part  of  his  goods  into  the  "Olinda 
Ann,"  burned  the  wreck  and  such  of  the  cargo  as  he  could 


172 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


not  get  into  the  schooner,  and  embarked  in  her  for  St. 
John. 

These  details  might  be  continued  ;  but  enough  has  been 
given  to  convey  a  general  idea  of  what  war  is,  when  its  rav- 
ages are  seen,  felt,  and  mourned  over  at  home  or  around  us. 
It  remains,  then,  in  concluding  this  chapter  of  our  history, 
to  speak  once  more  of  the  contraband  trade  which  for  years 
caused  Moose  Island  to  be  everywhere  spoken  of  in  terms 
of  reproach.  I  am  disposed  to  conclude  that  here  the  illicit 
traffic  in  18 12  was  very  limited.  The  seizures  on  record, 
which  I  have  examined,  are  few ;  and  the  value  of  goods 
seized  appears  to  have  been  small. 

A  few  bales  of  blankets,  the  sloop  "Venture,"  occasionally 
a  boat,  comprise  the  details  until  January,  18 12,  when  Colo- 
nel Ulmer  took  possession  of  the  sloop  "  Betsey,"  Tebbets, 
and  the  schooner  "  True  American,"  Blake,  on  the  charge  of 
lading  on  the  British  side  of  the  Passamaquoddy.  But  the 
contraband  trade  was  not  abandoned.  There  is  ample  evi- 
dence that  the  adventurers  to  this  region  only  changed  their 
plans,  and  that  they  kept  up  constant  intercourse  with  St. 
John  and  Halifax.  The  new  device  was  the  employment  of 
British  or  American  vessels,  with  the  register  and  Hag  of 
some  neutral  European  power,  to  transport  British  goods 
direct  from  a  port  in  the  colonies  to  a  port  in  the  United 
States.  This  infamous  evasion  of  law,  I  lament  to  say,  was 
countenanced  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  as  we  shall 
find  proof  under  his  own  signature,  when  we  come  to  speak 
of  the  capture  of  the  islands  in  18 14.  This  device,  however, 
lasted  only  until  June,  18 13,  when,  by  proclamation,  the  Brit- 
ish government  declared  a  "  blockade  "  of  the  whole  coast 
of  the  United  States,  from  the  Passamaquoddy  to  the  Missis- 
sippi,—  a  measure  which,  to  have  been  in  conformity  with 
the  law  of  nations,  would  have  required  all  the  ships-of-war 
and  all  the  merchant  vessels  of  every  country  in  the  world, 


WAR    OF     lSl2 


•73 


including  Chinese  junks  and  Indian  canoes.  Yet,  absurd  as 
was  the  "  paper  blockade,"  it  produced  great  alarm,  and  seri- 
ously lessened  our  lawful  trade  ;  and,  besides,  it  caused  a 
change  in  the  unlawful  trade  in  the  "  neutral  vessels,"  for 
the  reason  that  neutrals  as  well  as  belligerents  are  required 
to  respect  "blockade."  Hut  what  then?  Were  the  illicit 
traders  foiled  ?  No,  indeed :  as  in  the  embargo,  Mastport 
at  once  became  the  theatre  of  their  operations.  "  Neutral 
voyages"  here  could  be  made,  short  and  safe.  It  was  but 
a  moment's  work  to  give  an  American  or  a  British  \essel  a 
Swedish  register  and  to  transform  Yankees  or  IJlue-noses 
into  natives  of  Stockholm  or  Upsaal.  In  war,  dealings  with 
an  enemy,  perjury,  fraud,  and  deceit  are  small  crimes  :  mur- 
ders, burnings,  and  robberies,  the  tears  of  homeless  women 
and  children,  and  the  shouts  and  bonfires  for  "glorious 
victories  "  swallow  up  or  make  virtues  of  common  wicked- 
nesses ;  and  hence  to  swear  men  and  vessels  through  the 
custom-house  at  Passamaquoddy  was  an  innocent  device  to 
boast  of  in  drunken  revels. 

Indian  Island  and  Campobello  were  as  suddenly  con- 
verted into  places  of  great  business.  English  goods  and 
wares  were  shipped  to  them  from  the  large  colonial  ports 
in  bales  and  casks,  and  in  vast  quantities.  These  goods 
were  there  stowed  in  and  on  a  "neutral  vessel  "  until  the 
deck  was  almost  even  with  the  water;  but,  nevertheless, 
this  description  of  craft  was  so  swift  as  to  make  a  pa'".- 
sage  from  Sweden  to  Eastport  in  three  or  four  hours,  and 
sometimes,  aided  with  sweeps  and  oars,  and  with  boats 
ahead  to  enter  a  cargo  at  the  custom-house,  twice  the  same 
day.  Thus,  legally  introduced  into  the  United  States,  manu- 
factures of  silk,  wool,  and  cotton,  and  of  the  metals  were 
laden  in  boats  for  places  up  the  bays  and  streams  westerly 
of  Moose  Island,  transferred  at  the  head  of  navigation  to 
wagons,  thence  carried  to  the  Penobscot,  and  finally  to  Port- 


174 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


land,  Boston,  and  even  N';w  York.  Travelling  with  teams 
between  the  frontier  and  the  Penobscot  was  extremely  diffi- 
cult ;  but  all  obstacles  were  overcome,  and  a  trade,  spirited 
and  extensive,  was  conducted  as  long  as  the  gains  met  the 
risks  and  expenses. 

1^  t  those  who  engaged  in  these  adventures  were  net 
always  careful  to  cover  their  proceedings  with  the  letter  of 
the  statute-book.  Merchandise  of  various  kinds,  boats,  and 
'esse's  were  seized,  not  only  by  the  collector,  but  by  the 
officer  in  command  of  the  fort.  Houses  and  .stores  were 
searched,  and  soldiers  sent  in  pursuit  of  smugglers.  In  a 
word,  property  to  a  large  amount  was  forfeited  to  the  govern- 
ment from  time  to  time,  and  tiie  proceeds  divided  in  accord- 
ance with  the  laws. 

To  illustrate:  in  June,  1S14,  the  "Marshall  "  deposited  in 
the  Bank  of  Cumberland,  Portland,  the  sum  of  $52,345.27, 
being  the  share  which  belonged  to  the  government  from  the 
seizure  and  condemnation  of  one  vessel  only  and  iier  cargo. 
This,  however, —  in  a  single  case, —  was  by  far  the  largest 
amount  ascertained  ii^.  the  course  of  my  investigations. 

Thus  far  we  have  considered  war  to  the  inhabitants  of 
Moose  Island  only  as  near  them.  As  yet,  the  iron  heel  of 
War  had  not  trod  the  soil.  But  what  War  did  when  it  came 
to  our  fireside,  and  violated  the  hearth-stone,  remains  to  be 
shown. 


CHAPTER    \'. 


MOOSK  ISLAND  AND   ITS    DEPKNDENCIES   FOUR 
YEARS    UNDI:R    MARTIAL   LAW.* 


liY    I.OUI.NZO    SAISIXE, 

...  I  DEsicNKD,  years  ago,  to  write  a  History  of  I^'.astport, 
but  feel  at  last  that  I  must  leave  the  task  to  a  younger  aud 
less  weary  brain.  And  yet  I  cannot  bear  to  think  of  longer 
keeping  in  manuscript  the  only  account,  probably,  of  the 
four  years  under  martial  law  extant,  or  which  was  ever  pre- 
pared with  reference  to  a  place  in  the  annals  of  the  town. 
I  say  rw/v,  because  none  of  the  persons  who,  yeai  after 
vear,  coniniunicated  to  me  their  own  knowledge  of  or  per- 
sonal participation  in  the  events  of  that  interesting  period 
now  survi\e,  and,  as  far  as  I  know,  were  never  asked  by 
any  person  other  than  Miyself  to  be  allowed  (O  conunit  their 
recollections  in  detail  to  paper,  and  then  to  meet  and  cor- 
rect i'ne  differences  which  might  be  found  in  memory,  on 
comparing  statements.  True,  a-  concerns  records,  another 
can  glean  materials  from  the  official  pajiers  ])reserved  in  the 
custom-house  and  elsewhere,  as  I  have  done  ;  but  who  can 
supply  the  narratives  —  \,'aich  are  indispensable  —  of  Solo- 
mon Rice,  Samuel  Wheeler,  Samuel  Tuttle,  Dr.  Mowe,  Jona- 
than D.  Weston,  and  George  Hobbs,  or  of  jabe/  Mowry, 
Jonathan  Bartlett,  the  Shackfords  (John,  Jacob,  anil  Will- 
iam), and  of  others  wiio  have  laid  down  mortality,  leaving 
of  their  own  no  manuscript   touching  l'>ritish  rule? 

Duilng  the  winter  of  1814,  the  inhabitants  of  Eastport  suf- 

•  i'liblislicd  in  1S70 


176 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


W-l- 


fered  little  annoyance  from  the  British  cruisers.  The  sloop- 
of-war  "Fantome,"  Captain  Lawrence,  made  her  appearance, 
however,  in  April,  drove  two  vessels  on  shore,  captured  a 
number  of  boats,  and  committed  several  other  hostile  acts 
near  tlie  town,  in  the  course  of  that  month  and  in  May ;  but 
tiiese  were  the  principal  events  of  any  importance  until  mid- 
summer. 

In  the  afternoon  of  the  eleventh  day  of  July,  a  large  fleet 
of  ships  was  seen  coming  up  the  "White  Horse  Way,"  or 
the  eastern  passage,  and  approaching  the  town.  But,  as 
communication  with  the  cities  in  New  Brunswick  and  Nova 
Scotia  had  continued  to  be  frequent,  and  as  only  live  days 
previously  a  gentleman  from  St.  John  had  brought  intelli- 
gence that  a  frigate  had  arrived  at  Halifax  with  news  of  an 
armistice  and,  probably,  of  peace,*  the  alarm  was  not  at  first 
very  general.  The  common  impression  was  that  these  ships 
were  merchant-men,  under  convoy  of  a  frigate,  bound  to  St. 
Andrews  for  timber.  The  wind  was  south-east,  the  tide  was 
fair,  and  they  came  up  the  passage  rapidly.  When  off  Indian 
Island,  it  was  ascertained  that  the  largest  ship  was  of  seventy- 
four  guns,  and  that  her  consorts  were  also  vessels  of  war. 
Familiar  with  the  sight  of  British  cruisers,  many  still  believed 
tiiat  no  hostile  deeds  against  I'',astport  were  meditated,  but 
that  the  ileet  would  pass  the  town,  and  proceed  up  the  bay 
to  St.  Andrews. 

1  heir  progress  was  so  swift  that  there  was  no  time  to 
remove,  none  to  deliberate  ;  and,  while  numbers  were  anx- 
iously watching  the  movements  and  indulging  in  speculations 
as  to  the  objects  of  the  visitors,  the  leading  ship,  wearing  a 
white  flag,  hove  to  off  the  town,  and  sent  a  boat  ashore  at 

•  A  nintliMii.in  left  F..istp(irt  on  the  7tli  for  Boston,  arrived  iIilmc  on  (ho  14th,  and 
comnnmic.itiH  this  lU'ws,  antl  that  iiit'ssciiKers  liail  been  sent  with  ilespatchrs  to  Sir  (ieorne 
Prevosl  to  siispiMul  hoslihtR>  riit  liilmns  wen;  menerally  believed,  and,  having  been 
published  in  tin-  Hosioii  papers,  were  coniinunicnted  to  all  parts  of  tlie  country;  but  it 
was  soon  ascertained  ihat  the  whole  story  was  a  fabricatioi\. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


177 


Hayden's  Wharf.  A  person  in  uniform,  and  \vl;h  a  flag, 
landed,  and  started,  at  a  very  rapid  pace,  for  Fort  Sullivan. 
Solomon  Rice,  who  had  been  a  close  observer  of  everything 
from  the  earliest  moment,  followed  this  messenger  without 
delay,  and  entered  the  garrison  with  him,  and  heard  him 
announce  himself  as  "  Lieutenant  Oats,  of  the  British  Army, 
and  of  the  staff  of  Sir  John  Cope  Sherbrook."  He  said  that 
he  bore  a  written  summons  for  the  surrender  of  the  fort  and 
of  the  island,  and  handing  to  Major  Putnam,  the  commanding 
officer,  his  watch  and  the  summons,  required  an  answer  in 
five  minutes.  Mr.  Rice  remarked  that  he  had  come  on  a 
serious  errand,  and  that  the  time  allowed  to  consider  the 
proposition  was  much  too  short. 

Major  Putnam  asked  both  gentlemen  to  enter  his  c[uar- 
ters  and  to  be  seated.  Lieutenant  Oats  complied  with  the 
first  part  of  the  invitation,  but  continued  standing.  Tiie 
request  that  he  would  sit  during  the  interview  was  repeated 
several  times;  but  the  lieutenant  as  often  replied:  "Good 
day,  good  day,  sir.  My  orders  are  imperative.  I  cannot 
stop.''  Several  of  the  prmcipal  inhabilaiUs  had  now  re- 
paired to  the  iovt ;  and  among  them  were  Samuel  Wheeler 
and  Aaron  Hayden,  who,  on  learning  the  state  of  affairs, 
united  with  Mr.  Rlee  in  an  Mideavor  to  produce  some  ar- 
rangement which  should  prevent  a  sacrifice  of  life.  Major 
Putnam  was  sick  ;  but  he  declared  his  dete''mination  to  dis- 
regard the  summons,  and  to  fire  upon  the  ships. 

'I'lie  citizens  present  strenuously  opposed  such  a  course, 
and  earnestly  inquired  why  they  wen-  needlessly  sacrificed. 
They  stated,  and  witli  truth,  tluu  all  resistance  on  his  part 
would  be  in  vain  ;  that  a  force  would  be  landed,  and  over- 
power him  almost  before  he  could  liarm  a  single  vessel  of 
the  fleet  with  his  small  battery-  that,  should  he  refuse  to 
surrender,  the  fort  would  still  Ik-  taken  ;  and  tliat  to  save  the 
town  from  destruction,  under  the  circumstances  in  which  he 


M 


11. 


lyS 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


was  placed,  was  his  imperative  duty.  He  called  a  council 
of  his  officers.  They  were  divided  in  opinion.  lie  became 
angry,  and  threw  away  his  sword. 

Meantime,  the  different  ships  had  tnken  up  positions  off 
the  business  pan  of  the  town,  and  were  in  readiness  to  begin 
an  attack.  The  ship  of  the  line,  with  her  ports  open,  guns 
run  out,  matches  lighted,  and  men  at  quariers.  was  directly 
under  the  fort,  and  quite  near  ]]urgin's  Wharf ;  while  the 
vessels  of  inferior  force  were  further  south,  and  principally 
between  Hayden's  Wharf  and  Shackford's  Cove,  though  one 
of  tiiem  had  anchored  near  the  Ijucknani  stores,  and  com- 
liicnced  landing  troops  before  Lieulen;uit  Oats  had  leturned 
to  the  Hag  of  truce, 

jNIajor  Putnam  finally  consented  to  accept  the  terms 
offered  to  him,  and  accordingly  struck  his  colors.  It  had 
been  arranged  in  the  fleet  that,  if  the  American  commander 
comjilied  with  the  demand,  Lieutenant  Oats  should  embark 
in  his  boat  with  his  head  covered;  but,  if  otherwise,  with  his 
cap  in  his  hand.  He  eniered  the  boat  bareheaded;  but, 
observing  the  llag  at  the  fort  descending  wlien  about  half- 
way to  the  ship,  he  swung  his  cap,  and  placed  it  upon  his 
head. 

in  less  than  an  hour  from  the  time  of  the  summons,  lifieen 
barges,  containing  five  hundred  troo]is,  hid  landed;  and,  be- 
fore night,  the  streets  were  filled  with  armed  men,  cannon, 
and  the  various  munitions  of  war.  In  the  course  of  the  fol- 
lowing day,  the  debarkation  of  men  and  military  stores  was 
completed.  The  proceeding::  on  the  day  of  capture  were 
extremely  regular  and  precise,  and  every  act  showed  that  the 
captors  had  providetl  for  every  emergency.  Ik'sides  the  force 
which  came  up  the  eastern  passage,  a  sixteen-gun  brig  was 
tlespatched  from  the  other  siii|)s,  when  the  fleet  was  outside 
of  the  island  of  Campobello,  to  enter  the  liarl)()r  through 
the  Narrows,  to  sail  round  the  island  and  command  Tuttle's 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


Feny,  which  was  the  only  place  of  ready  conununicalion 
with  the  niainhind.  The  hv'v^  and  her  boats  interce|)ted 
every  person  who  attempted  to  escape,  without,  it  is  su|)- 
posed,  a  sinijle  e.vception. 

As  soon  as  the  town  was  in  (juict  possession  of  ,the  victors, 
their  strength  and  character  were  ascertained.  The  naval 
force  was  found  to  consist  of  the  '' Raniilies,"  74;  the  "Mar- 
tin,"' of  eighteen  guns,  Captain  H.  F.  Senhouse;  the  "  IJorer," 
fourtee;>  guns,  Captain  R.  Coote  ;  the  "  I'reame,"  eight  guns  ; 
the  "Terror,"  a  bomb-ship  of  eight  guns;  a  sixty-four  gun- 
ship,  one  of  ten  guns,  and  several  other  transport  vessels  of 
smaller  size,  under  the  command  of  Sir  Thomas  M.  Hardy, 
Baronet;  with  a  regiment  of  infantry  and  a  battalion  of 
artillery,  commanded  by  Lieutenant-colonel  Andrew  Pilking- 
ton.  The  sixty-four  gun-ship,  after  landing  her  troops,  an- 
chored under  Campobello  ;  and  the  American  soKliers  were 
sent  on  board  her  on  the  evening  of  the  cn])ture.  Some  of 
the  ships  were  direct  from  the  Hermudas,  and  sailed  from 
these  islands  on  the  1st  of  July;  and,  joining  others  at 
Shelburne,  which  were  despatched  from  Halifax,  accom- 
plished on  the  nth  the  special  purpose  for  which  the  ex- 
pedition was  fitted  out,  without  the  liring  of  a  gun  or  the 
loss  of  a  man.  The  troops  had  bf^cn  on  service  in  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  had  obtained  an  unenviable  celebrity  for  their 
depredations  at  Hampton  and  other  places  in  t' >e  vicinity  of 
that  bav.* 

In  narrating  the  occurrences  of  the  four  years  which  iiiier- 
vened  between  [\v^  capture  and  the  restoration  of  the  island, 
I  shall  conllne  my  attention  to  such  as  seem  to  rest  on  credi- 
ble testimony,  and  give  a  view  of  the  state  of  society  during 
that  period.  It  should  be  stated  in  the  outset  tliat  the  per- 
manent annexation  of  Moose  Island  to  the  Ihilish  empire 
was  the  distinct  ami  avowed  object  in  taking  possession  of 
it.     The  expedition  sent  against  it  arid  its  dependencies  was 

*  See  Appendix  h. 


^''H 

MB) 

m 

m 

ill; 


I 


i8o 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAC  )UODDY 


fitted  out  in  obedience  to  specific  orders  from  the  British 
ministry;  and  the  official  account,  in  announcing  success, 
spoke  of  "the  restoration"  of  "the  islands  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,"  not  of  their  "capture."  The  tone  of  the  British  news- 
papers was  similar;  while  Sir  John  Sherbrook's  proclamation 
declared  that,  in  "annexing"  these  islands  to  New  Bruns- 
wick, to  which  province  they  belonged,  there  was  no  design 
to  carry  on  offensive  operations  against  the  people  on  the 
main,  unless  their  conduct  should  provoke  severities,  and 
that,  if  they  continued  quiet,  neither  their  persons  nor  their 
property  would  be  in  the  least  molested. 

This  pretension,  while  it  was  calculated  to  lessen  the  ap- 
prehensions and  actually  did  ameliorate  the  condition  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  island,  was  viewed  throughout  the 
country  as  a  new  obstacle  to  the  conclusion  of  a  treaty  of 
peace,  for  the  reason  that  no  one  supposed  our  government 
would  consent  to  relinquish  any  portion  of  the  territory  in 
])ossession  of  the  United  States  before  the  war,  for  any  con- 
siderations or  equivalents  that  could  be  offered.  Nor  were 
the  fears  that  our  commissioners  would  be  compelled  to 
break  off  negotiations  and  return  home  in  any  wise  lessened 
when  it  was  ascertained  that  the  British  government  intended 
to  revive  the  claims  set  up  at  the  close  of  the  Revolution, — 
namely,  that  the  Penobscot  formed  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Maine, —  and  were  about  to  form  the  territory  between  that 
river  and  the  St.  Croix  into  a  colony,  both  on  the  ground  of 
original  right  to  it  and  of  the  recent  conquest  and  present 
possession  of  its  military  posts  and  principal  towns.  That 
there  was  some  foundation  for  the  doubts  and  suspicions 
which  these  plans  of  annexation  or  "  restoration  "  occasioned 
will  be  seen  in  another  place. 

The  jieople  of  Kastport  had  many  reasons  to  lament  the 
attempt,  tiuis  made,  to  bind  their  necks  in  the  yoke  of  colo- 
nial vassalage  ;  but  yet  their  situation  after  their  subjugation. 


,11 


UNDER    MARTIAI,    LAW 


iSl 


as  already  remarked,  was  far  better  than  it  would  have  been 
had  they  fallen  under  liriiish  rule  in  the  ordinary  course  of 
war.  As  conquered  citizens  of  the  United  States,  they  would 
have  been  exposed  to  many  injuries,  which,  as  subjects  re- 
stored to  their  riglitful  sovereign,  they  escaped.  The  fact, 
then,  that  Moose  Island  and  the  other  islands  which  were 
inhabited  by  Americans  were  claimed  and  held  as  forming  a 
part  of  New  Brunswick  is  to  be  borne  in  mind,  as  serving  to 
explain  the  course  which  was  pursued  toward  those  who 
occupied  them. 

By  the  terms  of  capitulation,  the  public  effects  were  to  be 
given  up  to  the  captors,  the  officers*  of  the  garrison  were  to 
be  allowed  to  depart  on  parole,  the  soldiers  were  to  be  re- 
tained as  prisoners,  and  the  property  of  non-residents  and 
absentees  was  to  be  disposed  of  as  the  Prince  Regent  might 
determine  ;  but  the  inhabitants  were  to  be  protecied  in  their 
private  rights,  employments,  and  interests.!  To  exact  an 
oath  of  allegiance  was  deemed  consistent  with  the  stipula- 
tions which  related  to  the  residents  of  the  islands :  and, 
within  three  days  of  the  arrival  of  the  fleet,  they  were  called 
upon  to  take  and  to  subscribe  to  it. 

It  may  not  be  just  to  say  that  Sir  Thomas  Hardy  intended 
to  violate  the  conditions  which  he  imposed,  and  which,  from 
necessity,  were  submitted  to  :  but  this  demand  was  unex- 
pected. While  the  [M-oclamation  which  he  issued  (a  copy  of 
which  is  now  before  me  as  1  write)  declared  that  the  munici- 


t^:     im 


•  Tlie  two  captains  won}  Fillebroiin  and  V.inium.  Major  I'utnani  readied  lioiiK-, 
Salem,  Mass.,  early  in  August.  Tlie  soldiers  were  sent  to  Halifax,  N.S.,  and  arrive  1  there 
on  the  2  )th  of  July. 

t  An  offer  of  one  hundred  guineas,  and  oven  of  a  lari;.T  sum,  w.is  made  to  the  lale 
Solomon  Rice,  to  give  information  of  the  property  of  luju-rcsidents,  in  order  ih.it  it  could 
be  identified  and  sei|uestered.  This  gentleman,  a  person  of  the  higlvst  r'speciahility 
(and  on  whose  authority  I  have  relied  with  tlie  most  implicit  faith),  retained  surticieut  self. 
possession  to  manifest  no  indignation  at  the  overture,  and,  :.;iving  a  pleasant  turn  to  the 
conver-iaiion  which  ensued  upon  iUr  subject,  so  managed  tlii-  matter  as  to  be  an  instru- 
ment to  s.ivo  the  coveted  estates  from  the  ^rasp  of  the  captors. 


IFIi^"'' 


iS: 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


pal  laws  established  by  the  American  government  for  the 
peace  and  tranquillity  of  the  captured  islands  would  be 
allowed  to  remain  in  force,  it  also  declared  that,  unless  the 
persons  who  inhabited  them  appeared  at  the  school-house  in 
Eastport,  and  there  bound  themselves  to  certain  obligations 
to  his  I'ritannic  Majesty,  they  would  be  compelled  to  depart 
in  seven  days.  The  alternatives  presented  were  alike  dis- 
tressing, and  manv  hesitated  which  of  them  to  choose.  To 
men  with  families,  the  abandonment  of  home,  property,  and 
employment,  amid  the  general  prostration  of  business,  was 
an  act  which  involved  the  most  serious  consequences  ;  while, 
on  the  other  hand,  to  remain  on  the  terms  offered  was  painful 
and  humiliating.  Nearly  all  submitted, —  a  few,  perhaps,  with- 
out extreme  reluctance,  but  most  to  save  themselves  from 
apprehended  destitution,  if  not  from  absolute  ruin.  Those 
who  refused  to  take  the  oath  were  summoned  by  a  subse- 
quent proclamation  to  appear  and  be  conducted  to  the  main- 
land, on  pain  of  being  sent  to  Halifax  as  prisoners  of  war. 

Leaving  now  for  a  time  the  new  and  unwilling  subjects  of 
England,  let  us  turn  our  attention  to  those  who  held  them 
to  obedience,  under  the  stern  exactions  of  military  law. 

The  night  of  the  capture,  a  patrol,  consisting  of  ofKicers 
and  soldiers,  nearly  forty  in  number,  was  established  to  pro- 
tect the  inhabitants  from  insult  and  plunder.  'J'iiey  divided 
into  parties,  and  walked  the  streets  until  morning,  when 
strong  guards  were  posted  in  various  parts  of  the  town  for 
the  same  purpose.  Similar  means  to  insure  quiet  and  good 
order  were  adopted  for  several  days  afterward,  while  the 
soldiers  remained  without  proper  and  fixed  barracks. 

A  number  of  the  officers,  as  will  be  more  particularly  men- 
tioned, brought  their  wives  and  children;  and,  strange  to 
say,  the  very  first  inquiry  made  of  the  citizens  was  for  a 
school-room.     A  place  *  was  procured  within  eighteen  hours 


•111  the  second  stnry  of  the  biiildinj;  at  tho  foot  of   Hoynton  Street,  loiij;  occupie'1 
afterward  by  the  late  Jnhii  Norto.i,  and  imw  the  business  stand  of  Martin  Liradish. —  h.. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    r.AW 


183 


of  the  surrender,  and  a  school  opened  for  instruction  in  the 
common  branches  of  education. 

Tlie  military  governor, —  for  such  the  commander  was, — 
apprehensive  that  an  attempt  would  be  made  to  dislodge 
him,  labored,  without  intermission,  to  strengthen  Fort  Sulli- 
van and  to  erect  new  defences  and  batteries.  While  em- 
ployed in  fortifying  the  island,  the  soldiers  were  kept  on 
fatigue  duty  every  day,  including  Sunday.  Nor  were  they 
allowed  any  relaxation  from  their  toil  until  cannon  were 
mounted  on    the  most  commanding  and  important  heights. 

'I'he  soldiers  lived  at  first  in  tents,  and  the  level  land  in 
rear  of  the  fort  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the  "Bell  House"  and 
burying-ground  was  covered  with  temporary  shelters  erected 
for  their  accommodation.  As  soon,  however,  as  the  more 
important  affairs  were  arranged,  barracks  were  fitted  up  in 
various  parts  of  the  town.  Some  of  the  officers  had  their 
quarters  at  the  fort,  others  in  the  "  Shead  House  "  ;  some 
in  the  "Jones  House,'  Washington  Street,  others  in  the 
"  Prince  House  "  at  the  cove  which  bears  the  name  ;  while 
still  others  lodged  with  Wood,  who  kept  in  the  "  Quoddy 
House  "  and  in  the  house  of  Mr.  Weston.  IJut  Wood's 
receipts  from  the  officers  and  other  customers  turned  his 
head ;  and  he  soon  tof)k  down  his  tavern  sign,  saying  that 
"he  had  made  money  enough."  While  he  kept  his  house 
open,  three  or  four  men  were  required  to  attend  at  the  bar ; 
and  his  gains  were  supposed  to  have  been  eighty  to  one 
hundred  dollars  per  day. 

The  ofiicers  soon  formed  a  "mess."  The  mess-house  was 
the  "Bell  House,"  subsequently  owned  by  John  Hinkley. 
Occasionally,  some  of  the  citizens  were  their  guests  ;  but, 
generally,  their  visitors  were  British  subjects,  whom  business 
or  curiosity  brought  to  the  island.  The  mess-table  was  well 
supplied  whenever,  by  money  or  adventures  into  the  country, 
the  best  articles  of  for)d  could  be  procured.     The  table  fur- 


Ir 


m 


m 


184 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMA()UODDV 


niture  was  abundant  and  rich.  Silver  forks  and  spoons  and 
other  silver  plate,  china  tea  and  dinner  sets,  cut-glass  dishes, 
tumblers,  wine  and  finger  glasses,  all  bearing  the  mark  or 
initials  of  the  regiment  to  which  they  belonged,  were  in  con- 
slant  use. 

To  mention  very  briefly  the  principal  officers  may  not  be 
improper,  or,  in  completing  a  picture  of  the  time,  wholly  un- 
necessary. These  men  were  our  enemies:  none  of  them,  I 
suppose,  now  survive  ;  and  I  would  speak  of  them,  not  only 
justly,  but  generously. 

Sir  Thomas  Masterman  Hardy  was  well  known  on  the 
American  coast  during  the  war,  and,  unlike  the  infamous 
Cockburn,  was  respected  as  an  honorable  foe.  He  was  a 
bosom  friend  of  Lord  Xelson,  was  with  him  in  his  last  mo- 
ments ;  and  some  notice  of  their  parting  interviews,  though 
not  strictly  belonging  to  our  subject,  may  not  be  destitute  of 
interest.  Just  before  the  great  captain  set  his  memorable 
signal,  "  ]''ngland  expects  every  man  to  do  his  duty,"  he  re- 
tired to  his  cabin,  wrote  a  prayer,  and  a  remarkable  prayer, 
chiefly  relating  to  Lady  Hamilton,  to  which  Sir  Thomas  was 
a  subscribing  witness.  After  the  commencement  of  the  bat- 
tle, while  Nelson  and  Sir  Thomas  were  in  conversation,  a 
shot  struck  between  them,  tore  off  Hardy's  buckle  and 
bruised  his  foot.  "This  is  too  warm  work,  Hardy,"  said 
Nelson,  "  to  last  long."  They  separated  for  a  moment. 
When  ills  lordshiji  was  wounded,  Sir  Thomas  was  near,  and 
saw  three  men  lifting  him  from  the  deck.  "  They  have  done 
for  me  at  last,  Hardy,"  he  remarked,  as  he  saw  his  friend. 
"I  hope  not,"  replied  Sir  Thomas.  "Yes,"  he  rejoined, 
"  my  backbone  is  shot  through."  He  was  carried  below. 
Missing  Sir  Thomas,  he  became  impatient  to  see  him. 
Hardy  was  repeatedly  sent  for,  but  could  not  quit  his  post 
on  deck.  Nelson's  anxiety  became  intense.  "  Will  no  one 
bring  Hardy  to  me  ? "   he  often  exclaimed.     "  He  must  be 


UNDER    MARHAI.    LAW 


'8S 


killed;  he  is  surely  dead."  An  hour  and  ten  minutes  elapsed 
before  they  met.  They  shook  hands  in  silence.  Sir  Thomas 
struggled  to  suppress  his  anguish,  for  he  saw  that  Nelson 
was  indeed  dying.  The  death-stricken  chief  was  the  first  to 
speak.  "How  goes  the  day  with  us?"  he  asked.  "\'ery 
well,"  was  the  brief  reply.  "  I  am  a  dead  man,"  then  said 
Ntlson.  "  I  am  going  fast.  It  will  be  all  over  with  me 
soon.  Come  nearer  to  me."  Other  words  were  uttered,  but 
they  need  not  be  related  here.  Sir  Thomas,  with  a  bursting 
heart,  returned  to  his  duty  in  the  awful  contest,  which  con- 
tinued raging  between  the  two  vast  hostile  fleets.  In  less 
than  an  hour  he  again  entered  the  cabin,  and  announced  that 
the  victory  was  complete.  Nelson  promptly  ordered  him  to 
anchor.  Hardy  gently  hinted  that  Collingwood  would  now 
take  the  command.  "No,  not  while  I  live,"  said  the  expir- 
ing admiral, —  "not  while  I  live.  Do  you  anchor."  Both 
were  silent.  Nelson  at  length  said,  "Kiss  me,  Hartly." 
Sir  Thomas  knelt  and  kissed  his  cheek,  and  continued  stand- 
ing over  him,  in  an  attitude  of  deep  sorrow.  "  Now  I  am 
satisfied,"  ejaculated  Nelson.  "  Thank  God,  I  have  done 
my  duty."  Sir  Thomas  knelt  again,  and  again  kissed  him. 
"Who  is  that.?"  asked  Nelson.  "It  is  Hardy,"  was  the 
answer.  "God  bless  you,  Hardy,"  he  faintly  uttered  :  when 
Sir  Thomas  left  him — forever.  Thus  do  friends  part  in 
war.  Such,  a  thousand  times  repeated,  have  been  the  leave- 
takings,  amid  the  roar,  the  crash,  the  carnage,  of  the  dread- 
ful strifes,  between  the  children  of  one  Father,  which  politi- 
cians produce  and  legalize. 

Sir  Thomas  landed  the  first  day  of  the  capture,  and  re- 
ceived several  of  the  citizens,  who  called  upon  him  with  great 
politeness.  He  fixed  iiis  quarters  at  the  Bucknam  House,* 
south  of  Shackford's  Co\e, —  burned  in  1833, —  where  he 
continued  to  entertain  visitors,  from  town  and  from  the 
colonies,    during    his    stay;     though    his    balls    and    special 

*See  Appendix  C. 


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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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2.0 


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It: 


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1.6 

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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


i^    Sp. 


i86 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


parties  were  on  board  of  his  flag-ship,  the  "  Ramilies." 
Among  the  pleasant  things  rehited  of  this  noble  and  gal- 
lant seaman  is  the  story  of  his  attempting  to  ride  on  "  Old 
Steel's  pacing  marc/'  to  the  delight  of  "all  observers."  He 
made  poor  work  of  it,  indeed  ;  for  saddle,  stirrups,  and  bridle 
were  gear  to  which  he  was  not  accustomed,  while  the  beast 
would  not  obey  quarter-deck  mandates. 

A  deputation  of  the  principal  inhabitants  endeavored  to 
prevail  on  him  to  change  the  form  of  the  oath  which  was 
prescribed  for  all  those  who  remained  on  the  island.  A  gen- 
tleman who  was  present  relates  that  he  listened  to  their 
appeal  and  treated  them  with  great  courtesy  and  respect, 
but  assured  them  that,  as  the  oath  as  it  stood  formed  a  part 
of  his  instructions,  he  was  compelled  to  administer  it  without 
change.  Yet  he  said  that  he  could  make  a  verbal  explana- 
tion which  would  probably  relieve  their  apprehensions  as  to 
their  extent  and  force  ;  namely,  that  it  was  to  be  regarded 
as  an  oath  of  neutrality  while  they  remained  under  Hritish 
jurisdiction  rather  than  ot  pcr[-)etual  allegiance.  During  the 
interview,  continues  my  informant,  he  spoke  also  of  the  war. 
He  said  it  was  an  unnatural  contest,  and  that,  while  he  would 
not  declare  an  opinion  as  to  which  nation  was  in  the  right, 
he  Would  still  remark  that  laigland  did  not  begin  it.  And 
he  said,  further,  that  to  carry  out  the  orders  of  his  govern- 
ment in  such  a  contest  gave  him  great  pain. 

Sir  Thomas  was  nearly  six  feet  in  height,  of  full  face,  and 
inclined  to  corpulency.  His  complexion  was  florid,  hair 
light  and  tiiin.  His  appearance  was  very  flue,  and  his  man- 
ners dignified,  mild,  and  even  kind.  He  departed  with  his 
ships  toward  the  close  of  July,  when  an  address*  was  pre- 

•The  oriKinnl  reply  to  this  address,  with  the  signatures  of  Sir  Thomas  and  Colonei 
Pilkington,  atid  several  (ithcr  papers,  written  and  signed  by  Colonel  ('■nhbin:,  and  otlier 
iiritish  olTicers,  are  in  my  possession.  Si'nie  of  them  .ire  of  liistorical  interest ;  the  perusal 
of  others  would  cause  an  Ainerican  citizen  to  exclaim,  "  Deliver  me  from  living  under 
martial  law!  " 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


187 


sentcd  to  him  and  to  Colonel  Pilkington  by  a  committee  of 
the  citizens.  Early  in  August,  Sir  Thomas  was  off  Stoning- 
ton,  and  employed  the  bomb-ship  "Terror"  in  his  celebrated 
bombardment  of  that  place.  He  died  an  admiral  in  the 
British  army  and  governor  of  Greenwich  Hospital. 

Captain  Scnhouse  was  a  nephew  of  Admiral  Fleming,  and 
a  man  of  fine  talents.  He  was  bred  a  lawyer,  but  is  repre- 
sented to  have  been  one  of  the  best  seamen  in  the  fleet.  He 
was  engaged  in  the  coercive  measures  of  England  against 
China  in  1841,  at  which  time  he  was  Sir  Humphrey  R.  D. 
Le  Fleming  Senhouse,  Knight  and  senior  officer  in  the  Chi- 
nese Seas.  He  died  on  board  the  "  Blenheim,"  in  Hong 
Kong  Bay,  June.   .c>u,  of  excessive  exertion  and  fatigue. 

Colonel  Pilkingtor  ^■^  no  v,as  deputy  adjutant-general  of 
the  British  army,  remained  but  a  short  time.  He  went  first 
to  Castine,  and  thence  to  Machias,  and  was  in  command  of 
the  British  force  that  took  possession  of  the  military  post  at 
the  port,  near  the  entrance  of  Machias  River.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded here  by  Lieutenant-colonel  Harris,  who  was  left  in 
charjie  of  a  garrison  of  about  eight  hundred  men.  In  the 
course  of  the  autumn,  a  re-enforcement  arrived  ;  and,  until 
the  peace,  the  number  of  troops  was  nearly  one  thousand. 

A  single  word  here  f)f  the  prominent  British  officers  who 
were  stationed  at  I'lastport  after  the  departure  of  Sir  Thomas 
Hardy  and  his  Meet. 

Colonel  Harris  resided  at  the  fort,  and  was  unmarried. 
He  was  neither  respectal)le  nor  respected  ;  and  I  pass  him 
with  the  single  remark  that  some  of  his  own  soldiers  seized 
him  at  night  in  town,  and,  in  revenge  for  a  deep  wrong  to 
one  of  their  number,  whipped  him  so  severely  that  he  was 
unable  to  leave  his  room  for  several  days  afterw  ird. 

Colonel  Gubbins,  the  second  military  governor,  was  impa- 
tient of  contradiction,  and  not  remarkably  placable.  His 
wife  and  children  were  with  him,  and  his  quarters  were  at 


1 88 


EASTI'ORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


tlie  Bucknam  House.  He  was  very  exact  in  his  pecuniary 
affairs,  maintained  a  large  establishment,  and  kept  eleven 
fires.  He  had  a  taste  for  mechanics,  and  at  his  leisure  in- 
dulged it  in  making  articles  of  ornament  and  use  for  his 
family.  On  leaving  the  post  (1816),  it  is  believed  that  he 
went  directly  to  I'lngland.     He  died  a  general. 

Colonel  Renney,  who  succeeded  Colonel  Gubbins,  was  a 
favorite,  and  is  remembered  with  feelings  allied  to  affection. 
With  his  family,  he  occupied  the  house  owned  by  the  late 
Solomon  Rice.  He  named  a  child  born  here  "  Moose-isiand 
Renney."  Mr.  Rice,  whose  feeling  heart  was,  his  life  long, 
open  to  soften  asperities  and  to  relieve  the  sorrowing  and 
needy,  possessed  his  confidence  to  an  eminent  degree,  and 
used  the  influence  he  acquired  to  obtain  favors  and  immu- 
nities for  such  of  his  fellow-townsmen  as  were  objects  of 
consideration  and  kindness.  Colonel  Renney  retired  from 
the  post  in  18 17,  and  went  to  France  the  same  year. 

Major  iVnstruther,  the  fourth  military  governor,  was  a 
Scotchman.  He  was  six  feet  and  three  or  four  inches  high, 
and  his  limbs  and  person  were  of  a  corresponding  size.  He 
was  a  finished  boxer  and  an  adroit  swordsman  ;  and  a  lady, 
who  was  then  a  bride  and  with  whom  he  opened  a  ball,  adds 
that  he  was  an  elegant  and  graceful  dancer,  notwithstanding 
his  huge  proportions.  His  quarters  were  in  the  Starboard 
House,  near  the  bottom  of  Washington  Street.  He  had 
served  in  Egypt,  and  was  in  the  battle  in  which  Aber- 
crombie  fell.  While  in  command  at  Eastport,  he  would 
never  acknowledge  the  right  of  the  Governor  of  New  Bruns- 
wick to  interfere  in  the  affairs  of  the  island.  Colonel  Ren- 
ney, much  to  his  regret,  subsequently  had  allowed  the  civil 
authorities  of  the  colony  to  serve  a  process  here ;  and  the 
sheriff  of  the  county  of  Charlotte  desired  to  repeat  his  visit 
for  the  purpose  of  arresting  a  merchant  and  carrying  him 
away  prisoner.     Major  Anstruther  sent  the  sheriff  a  message 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


189 


to  the  effect  that,  if  he  came  on  such  an  enterprise,  he  should 
have  lodgings  in  the  "  Blackhole."  On  another  occasion, 
Wright,  the  collector  at  St.  John,  N.B.,  came  to  Eastport  to 
seize  goods  which  had  not  been  entered  nor  the  duty  paid 
to  the  crown.  The  merchants  shut  their  stores,  and  applied 
to  the  major  for  protection.  On  the  other  hand,  Wright 
made  application  for  troops  to  assist  him  in  breaking  locks 
and  taking  the  goods.  The  major  stood  by  the  merchants, 
and  told  the  collector  to  refer  the  matter,  if  he  wished,  to 
Earl  Dalhousie  ;  and  in  this  course  he  had  the  concurrence 
of  Colonel  Renney,  who,  though  he  had  surrendered  the 
command,  was  still  in  town. 

The  major  was  a  rough  man,  but,  unlike  Colonel  Gubbins, 
of  a  generous  nature.  The  gentleman  who  adjusted  his 
affairs  on  the  eve  of  his  departure  —  and  the  same  who  en- 
joyed the  particular  regard  of  Colonel  Renney — reported  to 
him  that  some  persons,  either  by  accident  or  design,  had  pre- 
sented their  bills,  though  once  paid,  and  claimed  ..  ^^rond 
settlement.  "Never  mind,"  said  the  major.  "Pay  them 
again, —  pay  everybody  that  asks  you.  You  have  money 
enough, —  satisfy  every  one." 

Captain  R.  Gibbon,  the  first  and  last  in  command,  will  be 
spoken  of  in  another  connection. 

Mr.  Aiken,  the  chaplain,  lived  in  a  house  lately  occupied 
by  Mrs.  Dawson,  south  of  Shackford's  Cove.  His  family 
consisted  of  a  wife  and  two  interesting  daughters.  He  was 
a  patron  of  the  theatre, —  presently  to  be  mentioned, —  and 
at  the  balls  would  have  the  last  dance.  He  was  a  fine-look- 
ing man  and  a  merry  parson.  His  sen'ant  killed  a  servant 
of  Colonel  Gubbins,  and  hanged  himself  the  day  before  he 
was  to  have  been  shot  for  the  murder. 

Other  otlicers  who  had  families  were  Captains  Steele, 
Maddan,  and  Minchen,  and  Lieutenants  Cruger  and  Villars. 
The  silver  plate  of  Villars  was  valued  at  twenty-five  hundred 


IQO 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


dollars.  He  was  ihe  only  subaltern  who  gave  dinner  parties. 
He  was  extremely  fond  of  drawing,  and  among  his  sketches 
were  several  views  of  the  bav  and  harbor. 

A  view  of  a  cottage  in  Wales,  in  which  he  lived  while  on 
duty  there,  w\is  long  preserved  by  a  lady  in  town.  Villars 
had  been  in  service  in  India,  where,  he  said,  he  kept  thirteen 
servants.  The  first  surgeon  was  Doctor  Davis.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Doctor  Johnson,  a  Scotchman  :  the  last  was 
Doctor  I3ett. 

Town-major  Williams  occupies  a  prominent  place  in  the 
narrations  of  several  persons  of  whom  I  have  solicited  infor- 
mation, and  the  accounts  of  him  are  contradictory.  He  was 
often  involved  in  difficulties  with  the  inhabitants,  and  a 
written  representation  of  his  conduct  was  linally  made  by  a 
committee  of  citizens.  He  was  but  nineteen  or  twenty  years 
of  age,  was  rash  and  impetuous ;  and  it  was  a  mistake  to 
intrust  to  him  the  jierformance  of  duties  which  allowed  him 
to  indulge  his  passions,  to  the  injury  of  those  who  were  sub- 
ject to  his  authority.  The  gentleman  with  whom  he  lived  for 
some  time  retains  the  opinion  that  he  was  not  a  bad  man, 
a.id  lemarks  that  he  was  a  wild  and  thoughtless  fellow,  full 
of  wine,  jokes,  fun,  and  frolic.  He  received  a  commission  in 
the  revenue  from  the  collector  of  St.  John,  and  made  seizures 
which  Colonel  Renney  disapproved,  and  demanded  him  to 
return.  "  What,"  said  the  colonel,  "a  l^ritish  officer  acting 
as  a  mere  tide-waiter?  Sir,  I  give  you  half  an  hour  to  re- 
store the  property  you  have  seized."  Williams  went  from 
Eastport  to  Malta,  but  soon  retired  from  the  army. 

Of  Lieutenant  Villars,  who  was  on  guard  duty  at  an  out- 
post near  the  "  Carrying  Place,"  at  the  upper  part  of  the 
island,  there  is  a  pleasant  anecdote.  He  mistook  the  roar- 
ing of  a  bull,  in  the  stillness  of  night,  for  the  noise  of  Amer- 
ican troops  approaching  to  attack  the  Ikitish  forces,  and 
retreated  to  the  commandant's  quarters   to   give  the  alarm 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


191 


and  to  prepare  him  for  the  apprehended  contest.  The  cir- 
cumstances afforded  much  amusement,  and  the  lieutenant 
became  the  subject  of  jokes  and  witticisms  on  the  part  of 
his  fellow-officers. 

Many  of  the  British  oflficers  were  excellent  men,  and  in 
their  manners  and  habits  were  irreproachable.  Some,  how- 
ever, were  rough  and  profane.  A  few  drank  liquor  to  excess, 
but  the  number  of  those  who  were  addicted  to  daily  intoxica- 
tion was  limited.  The  habits  of  all  were  soon  ascertained ; 
and,  as  the  dissipated  drank  nothing  in  the  forenoon,  there 
was  a  time  in  which  business  could  be  transacted  with  these 
as  well  as  with  the  sober  and  regular.  With  hardly  an  ex- 
ception, all  of  them  paid  the  debts  which  they  contracted 
with  the  citizens  at  the  time  appointed  ;  while  several  would 
barely  ask  the  amount  and  count  out  the  sum  stated  to  be 
due,  without  looking  at  their  bills. 

After  the  old  "  meeting-house  "  was  removed  from  the  turn 
of  the  "Old  Road"  to  the  head  of  Boynton  Street,  public 
worship,  in  the  Episcopal  form,  was  seldom  omitted  on  the 
Sabbath;  and  the  attendance  was  generally  on  the  part  of 
the  officers,  their  wives  and  children. 

The  officers  devised  various  amusements  :  theatrical  per- 
formances, horse-racing,  and  dancing  were  among  them. 

The  fall  after  the  capture,  the  "Old  South  School-house" 
was  fitted  up  for  a  theatre.  A  stage  was  built  at  the  east 
end,  which  was  approached  from  the  exterior  and  through 
a  window  on  the  north  side.  Boxes,  on  an  inclined  plane, 
were  erected  high  on  the  side  and  west  end  walls,  and  were 
accessible  from  the  entry  by  steep  stairs.  Underneath  the 
boxes  was  the  pit. 

In  front  of  the  stage  was  a  drop-scene ;  and  in  use  upon 
it  were  a  number  of  shifting  scenes,  all  of  which  were  painted 
by  the  officers  or  soldiers.  There  was  an  orchestra,  occu- 
pied by  the  large  band  of  the  One  Hundred  and  Second  Regi- 


192 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


nient.  The  performers  dressed  in  character ;  and  those  now 
remembered  are  the  two  Lieutenants  Lester,  Town-major 
Williams,  Lieutenant  Duff,  Lieutenant  Carr,  Lieutenant 
Brandeth,  of  the  engineer  corps,  Mr.  Whitney,  of  the  com- 
missary department,  and  Lieutenant  Cruger.  The  female 
parts  were  assumed  by  Brandeth  and  Whitney,  while  the  in- 
ferior characters  were  performed  by  soldiers. 

On  the  entrance  of  the  military  governor  to  this  the  first 
Moose  Island  theatre,  the  audience  rose,  the  band  struck  up 
"  God  save  the  King,"  and  followed  with  "  Yankee  Doodle." 
There  were  both  a  play  and  an  after-piece  each  night  of  per- 
formance. The  principal  pieces  recollected  are  "  Douglas  " 
and  "  Venice  Preserved." 

Many  of  the  citizens  attended.  The  price  of  a  ticket  to 
the  boxes  was  one  dollar;  to  the  pit,  half  that  sum.  The 
receipts  were  considerable,  and,  after  defraying  the  expenses, 
were  devoted  to  charity.  "  Granny  Hackett  "  was  a  favorite 
with  the  officers,  and  shared  liberally  from  the  fund. 

The  spring  after  the  peace,  one  wing  of  the  One  Hundred 
and  Second  Regiment  was  ordered  away,  when  the  drama  de- 
clined for  the  want  of  music  and  performers.  But  the  racing 
of  horses  depended  on  no  such  contingency,  and  was  contin- 
ued from  year  to  year.  The  regular  race-course  was  on  the 
"Old  Road,"  between  the  Norwood  House,  subsequendy 
owned  by  Rev.  Mr.  Harris,  and  the  "  old  Bell  House,"  oppo- 
site the  burying-ground.  Besides  this,  there  was  a  ring  of 
about  half  a  mile  in  circuit  in  town.  The  southern  track 
of  this  circle  was  on  the  brink  of  the  hill,  south  of  the  First, 
and  the  northern  track  just  south  of  the  Central  Congrega- 
tional Meeting-house.  Within  a  diameter  thus  vaguely  de- 
scribed there  were  but  two  or  three  buildings,  and  the  whole 
space  was  an  open  pasture.  In  the  races,  the  horses  of  the 
officers  were  almost  invariably  opposed  to  those  of  the  in- 
habitants.    The   British  bloods  were  the  best  fed  and  the 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


193 


best  groomed ;  but  the  Yankee  scrubs  beat  them,  with 
hardly  an  exception.  The  money  at  stakes,  at  each  race, 
was  from  five  hundred  to  six  hundred  dollars.  Race-day 
was  a  holiday,  and  was  devoted  to  the  noise,  excitement, 
drinking,  and  betting  usual  on  such  occasions. 

Of  the  balls,  a  single  word :  the  first  was  in  the  "  Jones 
House,"  Washington  Street ;  there  were  several  in  the 
"  Estey  House,"  Boynton  Street ;  and  the  last  was  at  Pine's, 
or  the  "  Quoddy  House." 

Before  the  close  of  1S14,  a  breastwork  of  sods  and  earth 
was  built  from  the  fort  to  the  "Old  Road,"  which  crosses 
Fort  Hill,  and  the  two  redoubts  on  the  Clark  land  were 
finished.  The  works  on  Holmes's  Hill,  called  Prince  Re- 
gent's Redoubt,  were  not  completed  until  the  next  year. 
Mr.  Holmes,  who  owned  the  land  on  which  this  redoubt  was 
built,  claimed  recompense  for  the  timber  cut  on  it,  and  for 
other  injuries  to  his  property.  The  question  of  damages 
was  submitted  to  three  of  his  townsmen,  who  awarded  sev- 
eral hundred  dollars.  The  officer  of  engineers,  under  whose 
direction  the  reference  was  agreed  upon,  told  one  of  the 
referees  that  he  need  not  be  particular  about  the  sum,  and 
to  be  sure  to  give  Mr.  Holmes  sufficient  to  satisfv  him. 
Neither  of  these  redoubts  was  constantly  occupied  with 
troops.  Besides  the  soldiers  stationed  at  the  fort,  a  con- 
siderable body  occupied  the  large  store  on  Hathaway's 
Wharf-  guards  of  thirty  or  forty  men  each  were  continually 
on  duty  at  the  most  exposed  points,  including  a  large  guard 
at  Broad  Cove ;  while  single  sentinels  were  posted  at 
Prince's  Cove,  and  on  every  principal  wharf  and  headland. 
Soldiers  were  often  severely  whipped.  Tlie  citizens  were 
not  allowed  to  be  present;  but  they  heard  the  groans  and 
screams  of  the  culprits,  and  sometimes  at  a  considerable 
distance.  Desertions,  at  times,  were  frequent.  About  twenty 
soldiers  escaped  within  a  month  of  the  capture.     Common 


^BRM 


194 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


camp-women  were  numerous.  Both  officers  and  soldiers 
enjoyed  excellent  health.  Lieutenant  St.  John,  who  was 
sick  at  the  time  of  his  arrival,  was  the  only  officer  who  died 
during  the  four  years  the  captors  held  the  island  ;  while  the 
mortality  among  the  privates  was  small.  Two  soldiers,  at 
the  burning  of  the  guard-house,  perished  in  the  flames;  and 
a  third,  who  was  under  sentence  of  death  for  crime,  com- 
mitted suicide. 

British  ships-of-war  often  came  into  port  for  supplies,  for 
shelter,  to  receive  news,  or  for  despatches.  The  "Arab," 
"  Fantome,"  "  Rifleman,"  "  Breame,"  and  one  other  lay  at 
anchor  off  the  town  at  the  same  time.  The  dogs  kept  by 
the  officers  were  a  great  nuisance  ;  and  the  inhabitants  vent- 
ured at  last  to  levy  a  tax,  in  town  meeting,  of  a  dollar  on 
each  of  the  canine  race,  to  aid  in  supporting  the  poor,  but 
subject  of  course,  as  all  votes  were,  to  the  approval  of  the 
military  governor. 

Martial  law  was  strictly  enforced,  but  the  rights  and 
property  of  individuals  were  scrupulously  regarded.  The 
morning  after  the  capture,  a  number  of  persons  from  Deer 
Island  and  Campobello,  on  the  New  Brunswick  side  of  the 
harbor,  who  had  unsettled  difficulties  with  some  of  the 
inhabitants,  came  over  for  the  purpose  of  "getting,"  as  they 
said,  "  satisfaction  out  of  their  hides,"  imagining  that,  as 
they  were  British  subjects  and  as  Eastport  had  changed 
flags,  its  new  master  would  allow  the  use  of  club  law.  They 
landed,  and,  seeking  out  the  persons  with  whom  they  were 
at  variance,  commenced  threatening  and  abusing  them  ;  but 
the  officer  in  command,  on  hearing  of  the  affray,  which  he 
soon  did,  came  among  the  assailed  in  person,  and  assured 
them  of  his  protection,  and,  turning  to  the  assailants,  he 
told  them  that,  if  they,  or  others  like  them,  attempted  to 
settle  old  grudges  thus,  they  should  be  put  in  the  "  Black- 
hole  "  at  the  fort  till  bread  and  water  cooled  their  blood. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


'95 


Yet  delinquents  among  the  citizens  were  punished  occa- 
sionally with  cruel  severity.  Several  were  tied  up  at  the 
triangles  on  Hayden's  Wharf,  and  whipped  ;  and  one,  who 
was  a  feeble,  spare  man,  died  of  tlie  lacerations  indicted  by 
the  cat-o'-nine-tails. 

Until  the  close  of  hostilities,  no  person  was  allowed  to 
leave    the   island   without  a   written  pass*  from    the   town- 


''^    ^,^  ^'"^J^l-.^^ 


y 


r 


^  ^/C-/:^'^^^ 


\^/fA 


7 


major.     It  was   necessary  to   show  this   document  to  every 
sentinel  stationed  between  town  and  Tuttle's  Ferry ;   while 

•By  the  favor  of  Peter  M.  \'ose,  Ksc].,  of  r>eniiysville,  we  are  enabled  to  f;ive  a 
fac-simile  of  one  of  these  passes,  which  has  been  kept  in  the  family  of  tlie  young  man 
wlio  lieUl  it.  It  bears  the  signature  of  the  town-major,  Williams,  anrl  was  filled  out  by 
Haddesham,  the  beach  sergeant,  who  had  charge  of  the  landings.  It  will  l)e  remenibcred 
tl-.at  the  inhabitants  of  the  whole  eastern  section  were  held  by  the  Rritish  authorities  to 
be  subjects  of  the  crown,  Machias  and  Castine  as  well  as  Hastport  being  occupied  by 
their  forces. —  K. 


196 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


an  armed  vessel  performed  guard  duty  in  the  harbor,  and 
brought  to  boats  that  put  off  from  the  shore. 

All  ordinances  for  the  government  of  the  inhabitants  were 
proclaimed  by  the  drum-major  from  the  head  of  his  drun, 
as  he  stopped  for  the  purpose  at  the  corners  of  the  streets  ; 
and  he  always  ended  the  reading  with  a  "  God  save  the 
King." 

Justice  was  prompt.  All  complaints  were  heard  and  de- 
cided by  the  military  governor.  His  judgment  was  final. 
Men  who  were  sentenced  were  turned  over  to  Sergeant 
Crook,  who  enforced  the  decree  or  placed  them  in  the 
"  Blackhole,"  where  they  lodged  and  fed  themselves  as  best 
they  could.  A  case  brought  before  Colonel  Renney  excited 
much  remark  at  the  time,  and  is  yet  related.  It  appears 
that  the  agent  of  Mr.  Thomas  West,  a  merchant  of  Boston, 
came  here  on  business  for  his  principal,  and,  among  other 

things,  to  collect  a  note  of  considerable  amount  of  Mr.  . 

The  latter  took  the  agent  to  his  house  for  the  proposed 
object  of  paying  the  demand,  actually  counted  the  money, 
and  received  his  note.  Instantly,  after  securing  the  evi- 
dence of  the  debt  against  him,  he  swept  the  money  back 
into  the  desk  drawer  from  which  he  had  taken  it,  and 
ordered  the  astonished  agent  out  of  doors.  The  agent  knew 
not  what  to  do.  He  wandered  about  town  for  several  days 
in  a  sad  state  of  mind,  fearing  to  return  to  Boston,  because 
the  transaction  was  so  remarkable  that  Mr.  West  would  not, 
probably,  credit  his  story.  At  length,  he  related  the  circum- 
stances to  an  acquaintance,  who  advised    him    to   apply  to 

Colonel   Renney  for    redress.      He   did    so.     Mr. was 

accordingly  summoned  to  head-quarters,  where  he  met  his 
accuser,  who  in  his  presence  gave  an  account  of  the  fraud. 

Mr.  did  not  deny  the  truth  of  the  statement,  and  his 

countenance  evidently  showed  that  he  had  no  defence.  The 
colonel    looked    Mr.    sternly   in    the   face,    and    said : 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


197 


"Sir,  I  cannot  now  pronounce  upon  the  justice  of  the  licbt ; 
but  you  have  stolen  your  note.  Of  ///(//  I  am  satisfied. 
Return  it,  return  it,  sir.  Place  this  man  precisely  where  he 
was  before  you  saw  him.     Sergeant  Crook,  take  clrrge  of 

Mr. !  "     This  affair  was  rej^arded  as  the  most  infamous 

one  that  occurred  while  the  British  were  in  possession  of  the 
island  ;  and  the  delinquent,  utterly  ashamed  of  his  conduct, 
gladly  obeyed  the  colonel's  decree,  and  subsequently  paid 
the  note,  to  lessen  the  odium  which  he  had  incurred. 

Another  matter  of  a  more  amusing  cast  was  referred  to 
Major  Anstruther,  who  succeeded  Renney.  I  relate  the 
story  as  it  was  often  told  me  by  the  late  Doctor  Mowe,  one 
of  the  parties.  Doctor  B.  and  Doctor  M.  were  rival  physi- 
cians. The  first,  though  regularly  bred  to  the  profession, 
had  not  received  a  medical  degree ;  while  the  latter  was 
a  disciple  of  the  celebrated  Doctor  Thompson.  Doctor  B. 
complained  to  the  colonel  that  his  competitor  was  a  quack 
in  the  practice  of  medicine  without  a  diploma  ;  that  he  was 
then  in  attendance  upon  a  woman  in  child-bed,  whom  he 
would  certainly  destroy,  and  besought  the  major's  interposi- 
tion. The  presence  of  Doctor  M.  at  head-quarters  was  re- 
quired forthwith. 

As  soon  as  all  parties  were  present,  the  major,  in  his 
lofty,  military  way,  exclaimed :  "  We-well,  you  heaven-in- 
spired doctor,  where  was  you  educated .''  Where  did  you 
get  your  degree?  Show  your  diploma,  sir."  "I  was  edu- 
cated," replied  Doctor  M.,  "by  Doctor  Thompson."  "And 
where  did  he  obtain  his  medical  knowledge  "i  "  asked  the 
major.  "  From  the  large  and  extensive  book  of  nature,  sir," 
was  the  prompt  reply.  A  student  of  law  came  in,  and 
offered  his  services  as  Doctor  M.'s  counsel;  but  the  major 
ordered  him  to  withdraw.  Doctor  M.,  who  knew  that  the 
complainant  was  as  badly  off  as  himself,  now  quietly  turned 
to  him,  and  said  :  "  Doctor  B.,  yon  are  the  oldest  physician. 


igS 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Suppose  you  show  you^^  diploma  Jtrsf."  Doctor  B.,  thus 
caught  in  his  own  trap,  retired  with  the  best  grace  he  could. 
At  another  time,  and  while  Major  Anstruther  was  in  com- 
nuind,  an  effort  was  made  to  banish  Doctor  Mowe  from  the 
island,  on  the  ground  that  he  was  a  dangerous  man,  and 
would  be  sure  to  cause  the  death  of  all  who  employed  him; 
and  he  was  threatened  with  a  walk  through  the  streets  tied 
to  the  tail  of  a  cart,  unless  he  departed.  He  had  a  patient* 
at  the  time  who  was  very  sick,  and  who  desired  his  con- 
tinued attendance.  Doctor  Mowe  learned  that  Lieutenant 
Duncan,  who  was  friendly  to  him,  would  be  the  officer  sent 
to  inquire  into  the  affair;  and  he  prepared  to  foil  his  enemy 
a  second  time.  As  soon,  then,  as  he  got  wind  of  the  move- 
ments against  him,  he  sent  for  the  barber,  who  shaved  the 
patient,  dressed  his  hair,  assisted  in  putting  on  a  well- 
starched  shirt  with  a  prodigious  ruftle,  and  helped  to  other- 
wise arrange  his  person  in  a  manner  to  show  him  off  to  the 
greatest  advantage.  The  lieutenant,  as  was  expected,  was 
the  major's  messenger  to  Doctor  Mowe  to  order  him  to 
desist  from  practice.  The  lieutenant  loved  good  wine  ;  and 
the  doctor  had  })rocured  some  excellent  "old  south  side," 
which  the  officer,  after  being  seated  a  moment  in  the  sick 
man's  room,  was  desired  to  taste.  Pressed  to  drink  again, 
he  was  finally  asked  to  consider  the  wine  as  entirely  at  his 
disposal.  Thus  solicited,  he  drank  of  it  freely,  and  praised 
it  at  every  glass.  Conversation  ensued,  in  which  the  patient 
bore  his  share.  The  sick  man  looked  so  well,  prepared  as 
he  was  for  the  occasion,  he  talked  so  well,  and  defended 
Doctor  Mowe's  treatment  of  his  case  so  zealously,  and  tlie 
wine,  withal,  was  so  good,  that  the  lieutenant  went  away 
quite  satisfied  witii  what  he  had  seen,  and  so  reported  to  his 
superior.  Major  Anstruther,  considering  that  he  had  done 
all  that  was  required  of  him,  declined  further  interference; 
though  he  sent  word  to  the  patient  that,  if  he  allowed  Doctor 

•riie  Lite  Samuel  Tuttle. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


199 


Mowe  to  kill  him  after  this,  he  must  thank  his  own  obsti- 
nacy. Here  the  affair  ended,  and  Doctor  Mowe  was  not 
again  molested. 

We  pass  to  other  topics.  It  will  be  remembered  that 
by  the  terms  of  capitulation  all  the  public  property  on  the 
island  was  to  be  surrendered  to  the  captors.  This  property 
consisted  of  Fort  Sullivan  and  its  arms  and  munitions  of 
war,  provisions  for  the  troops,  duty  bonds  amounting  to 
$64,580.27,  treasury  notes  to  the  amount  of  nine  thousand 
dollars,  the  custom-house  furniture,  several  lots  of  merchan- 
dise which  had  bee  1  seized,  the  revenue  boats,  and  parcels 
of  real  estate  which  had  been  set  off  to  the  United  States, 
to  satisfy  debts  against  individuals.  Collector  Lemuel  Tres- 
cott,*  the  collector  of  the  customs,  was  not  consulted  by 
Major  Putnam  when  the  demand  for  the  surrender  of  Fort 
Sullivan  was  made,  and  endeavored  to  effect  his  escape, 
with  the  bonds,  notes,  and  other  valuable  papers  in  his 
charge  ;  but  the  ship-of-war  already  mentioned  as  stationed 
between  Lubec  and  Tultle's  Ferry  cut  off  all  communica- 
tion. Finding  that  he  must  become  a  prisoner,  he  con- 
cealed his  papers,  and  returned  to  town. 

A  few  days  previously,  he  had  seized  a  vessel  and  cargo 
belonging  to  a  man  who  lived  on  the  Penobscot,  who  was 
still  at  Eastport,  and  who  was  nuicii  enraged  at  the  detention 
of  his  property.  This  man  seems  to  liave  watched  the  move- 
ments of  the  collector  for  purposes  of  revenge,  and  present- 
ing himself  to  Sir  'I'honias  Hardy,  while  Colonel  Trescott 
was  before  him,  answering  his  inquiries,  gave  information 
where  these  papers  were  secreti.'d.  Hy  this  means,  the  bonds 
and  notes  fell  into  tiie  enemies'  hands.  Put,  as  the  treasury 
notes   were    specially   indorsed  to  the  collector,  and   as  he 


*  M.ijor  in  the  army  of  the  UcvoKilioii,  .iiul  nuicli  svitli  Lafayette,  and  in  the 
troubles  with  France,  during  the  ndministration  of  John  Adams,  selected  l)y  Washington 
as  a  colonel  in  the  provi?'  nal  army  then  raised.  Colonel  Trescott  is  nuMiilniied  fnviuently 
in  "  Thacher's  Joiirn.il." 


200 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAM AQUODDY 


.  : 


ifl' 


Steadily  refused  to  negotiate  them,  they  were  without  value. 
The  obligors  of  the  bonds  were,  however,  placed  in  an  un- 
pleasant dilemma.  The  British  claimed  payment  as  being 
entitled  under  the  capitulation  and  as  having  the  originals ; 
while  the  United  States  insisted  upon  the  right  to  recover  on 
the  copies  which  the  collector  had  previously  taken  and  sent 
to  a  place  of  security,  to  provide  against  emergencies. 

As  many  as  one  hundred  packages  of  the  goods  on  which 
the  duties  had  been  secured  by  these  bonds  were  still  in  the 
warehouses  of  the  importers,  and  were  subject,  by  might  or 
right,  to  such  disposition  only  as  the  military  governor  would 
permit;  and  though  the  merchants  had  the  proper  certifi- 
cates, dated  before  the  surrender,  the  collector  refused  to 
allow  the  validity  of  his  own  documents,  and  to  suffer  the 
goods  to  leave  the  island  for  transportation  to  the  markets 
for  which  they  were  intended.  After  some  delay,  an  arrange- 
ment was  concluded  with  both  governments,  to  the  effect 
that  the  duties*  on  a  certain  part  should  be  secured  a  second 
time,  when  the  goods  were  to  be  allowed  to  go  into  the 
United  States,  under  sufficient  protection  from  the  collector 
to  prevent  seizure  elsewhere;  and  that  the  obligors  of  the 
first  bonds  should  abide  the  issue  of  suits  to  be  commenced 
against  them  in  the  British  courts.  In  these  courts,  the  de- 
cision was  that  payment  should  be  made  to  the  British  gov- 
ernment ;  and  the  marshal  of  Nova  Scotia  came  to  East)Dort, 
very  privately,  in  the  spring  of  1815,  to  enforce  the  decree. 
Mis  arrival  was  the  signal  for  the  obligors  to  depart;  and, 
with  one  exception,  all  of  them  escaped.  They  had  friends 
among  the  British  officers  at  the  garrison,  who  felt  the  injus- 
tice of  the  steps  to  be  taken  and  gave  them  a  timely  hint  of 
their  danger,  and  who  were  not  a  little  amused  at  the  prepa- 
rations made  at  the  fort  by  the  commander  for  their  confine- 
ment as  soon  as  the  marshal  should  have  succeeded  in 
arresting   them.     The  officer  particularly  charged  with  the 

•  The  amount  of  duties  thus  paid  twice  was  f  33,981,26. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


201 


duty  of  fitting  up  apartments  for  their  acconimoclation  signifi- 
cantly asked  the  marshal,  who  busied  himself  in  forming 
plans  to  insure  success,  whether  he  "had  ever  heard  how  the 
Yankees  cook  a  dolphin."  "No."  "Well,  then,  I'll  tell 
you  :  they  always  catch  him  first ;  and  so  do  you  catch  these 
fellows  before  I  turn  everything  toi)sy-turvy  to  make  a  place 
to  keep  'em." 

These  obligors  were  twelve  in  number,  of  whom  six  be- 
longed to  Eastport.  Of  the  Eastj^ort  merchants,  live  went 
to  Lubec,  where  they  built  stores  and  wharves  at  the  i'oint, 
and  commenced  business.  Lubec  Point,  at  this  time,  was 
a  forest ;  and  the  only  houses  within  a  mile  of  the  Nar- 
rows were  those  owned  by  Mr.  Delesdernier  *  and  his  son- 
in-law.  j\Ir.  Small. 

This  attempt  of  five  t  citizens  of  Eastport  to  avoid  the 
payment  of  these  duty  bonds  to  the  Britisii  was  the  sole 
cause  of  founding  the  present  village  of  Lubec.  These 
gentlemen  had  a  large  interest  at  stake  in  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  Maine,  which  they  were  unwilling  to  abandon  ;  and, 
uncertain  what  would  be  the  final  decision  of  the  question  of 
jurisdiction,  they  determined  to  remain  in  the  neighborhood 
until  it  should  be  shown  whether  the  ancient  Moose  Island, 
or  Eastport,  was  to  be  retained  by  (Ireat  Britain  or  restored 
to  Massachusetts  and  to  the  United  States. 


*  Louis  Frederick  Delesdcmicr,  an  .Ac.uli.m  Krenclinian,  wlui  Lspoiiseil  ihe  Whig 
cause  in  the  Revolution,  and  for  n  time  was  associated  willi  Albert  Ciallalin  in  the  mili- 
tary service  at  Machias.  His  father  was  a  native  (if  Geneva,  and  sheltered  Gallatin 
wliLti,  friendless,  he  arrived  in  America.  Mr.  DeK'sdernii'r  was  the  first  colleclnr  of  the 
customs  of  the  district  of  PassaniaqiKiddy,  and  was  .succeeded  by  Colonel  'I'rescott. 
After  Mr.  (lallatin  became  eminent,  Mr.  Itelesdcrnier  used  to  speak  of  him  as  he  was  in 
1780  to  almost  every  one  who  had  leisure  to  listen.  As  concerns  myself,  I  was  never 
weary  of  hearing  him. 

t  The  writer  of  this  paper,  wlieii  lie  went  to  Kastport  in  iSji,  was  first  employed  by 
William,  son  of  the  above-named  Louis  Frederick  Delcsdernier,  and  was  subsequently 
educated  to  business  in  the  counting-room  of  Jonathan  Hartlett,  one  of  the  five  founders 
of  Lubec.  [The  five  founders  of  I.,ubec  were  jabez  Mowry,  E:r!»  T.  lUicknam,  Josiah 
Dana,  Samuel  Wheeler,  and  Jonathan  Hartlett.—  k.] 


202 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


!i 


The  settlement  which  they  coinmenced  grew  up  rapidly ; 
and  in  1818,  when  the  island  was  formally  acknowledged  to 
belong  to  the  United  States,  it  had  become  so  large  and 
important  as  to  compete  with  Eastport  for  the  trade  of  the 
Passamaquoddy.  Lubec  was,  indeed,  highly  prosperous. 
Buildings  which  cost  five  hundred  dollars  were  rented  for 
one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars  per  annum  ;  and  it  was  the 
point  of  attraction  for  many  persons  of  enterprise,  who 
came  to  it  from  various  parts  of  the  country  to  establish 
themselves  in  business.  The  competition  between  the  two 
towns  was  injurious  to  both;  and  it  has  been  said  by  many 
persons  of  good  judgment  that  money  would  have  been 
saved  if  the  whole  capital  invested  in  real  estate  on  the 
mainland  at  the  Po'nt  iiad  been  abandoned,  and  the  com- 
bined operations  of  the  commercial  community  been  concen- 
trated on  the  island. 

After  retiring  to  Lubec,  one  attemjit  was  made  to  secure 
the  persons  of  the  obligors,  but  without  success.  A  party 
of  soldiers  was  despatched  at  night  to  make  prisoner  of  one  of 
them;*  but,  as  the  moon  shone,  he  was  apprised  of  their 
approach,  and  escaped.  As  the  story  is  told,  he  rose  from 
bed,  and,  seeking  the  lady  f  with  whom  he  b</ardecl,  asked 
her  to  secrete  him.  With  woman's  ready  wit,  she  opened  a 
trap-door  over  the  oven,  bade  him  liide  himself  there,  and, 
calling  up  her  hired  girl,  put  her  in  his  bod,  to  pass  in  the 
search  for  its  regular  occupant. 

Another  of  the  obligors  |  came  to  the  island  occasionally, 
but  cautiously.  On  one  of  these  visits  here,  it  is  related 
that  he  wore  female  apparel  ;  that  the  friends  who  knew  of 
his  intended  visit,  and  who  met  him  on  the  beach  to  show 
him  the  attentions  due  to  a  lady,  were  sorely  taxed  to  pre- 
■'^    their   gravity  as    they  accompanied  hin,  through    the 

*  My  old  master,  Jonatlian  liartlett. 

+  The  lalo  Mrs.  Steiinis,  a  beaullfiil  woman,  and  as  good  as  she  was  beautiful. 

t  The  late  Jabe/.  Mowry. 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


203 


Streets,  since  he  stepped  off  so  "  long,"  and  in  other  respects 
demeaned  himself  with  so  little  grace  and  propriety  as  a 
woman,  that  both  he  and  they,  in  spite  of  all  hints  and  les- 
sons, were  objects  of  attention  in  passing  persons  by  whom 
they  did  not  wish  to  be  recognized.  But  after  the  return  of 
the  marshal  to  Halifax  there  seems  to  have  been  little  or  no 
motive  for  further  concealment,  since  a  third  refugee  *  re- 
turned openly,  and,  in  fact,  was  known  by  the  British  offi- 
cers to  occupy  his  house.  He  was  not  disturbed  in  his 
pursuits,  though  an  officer  would  sometimes  say,  as  he  passed 
his  dwelling :  "  Well,  Wheeler,  I  think  I  must  come  after 
you  to-night.     You'll  be  at  home,  I  suppose." 

While  the  obligors,  who  were  always  willing  to  pay  these 
bonds  once,  fled  to  escape  the  double  payment  of  the  duties 
on  the  merchandise  which  they  imported  in  18 14,  previous  to 
the  capture,  they  were  still  induced  or  compelled  to  make 
partial  satisfaction  to  their  enemies  ;  and,  during  the  time  in 
which  the  subject  was  in  controversy,  they  actually  liquidated 
a  second  time  about  half  of  the  amount  of  their  nidebted- 
ness. 

To  terminate  a  matter  so  vexatious  to  them,  they  finally 
jietitioned  their  own  government  for  relief,  and  in  1816 
C'ongress  passed  an  act,  granting  them  full  discharge  on  pay- 
ment to  the  United  Stales  of  the  amount  which  had  not 
been  extorted  from  them  by  the  British  ;  while  the  latter, 
solicited  to  be  content  with  the  part  which  they  had  received, 
discontinued  further  proceedings,  compromised,  and  thus  re- 
lie\x'(l  them  from  all  further  apprehension  and  liability. 

Wc  have  now  to  speak  of  the  impf)rtations  of  goods  in 
vessels  which,  in  the  language  of  the  time,  were  called  "  neu- 
tral." Soon  after  tiie  capture,  a  British  deputy  collector  of 
the  customs  was  appointed  ;  and  liberal  terms  of  commercial 
intercourse    were    arranged,  b')th    to  promote   trade  ami    to 

•  Tlic  late  SanuiL'l  Wlieeler. 


■Ttf::^ 


204 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


supply  the  post  with  articles  of  subsistence  Thus  invited, 
people  from  various  parts  of  Maine  attempted  to  avail  them- 
selves of  the  hi^i;h  prices  and  ready  sale  of  beef  cattle  and 
agricultural  produce  at  Eastport ;  and  those  who  succeeded 
in  eluding  the  officers  of  the  United  States  (who,  to  prevent 
supplies  from  reaching  the  frontier,  were  stationed  at  differ- 
ent points  on  the  roads)  carried  on  a  profitable  business. 
Pork  at  one  time  was  as  high  as  fiftv  dollars  the  barrel, 
and  several  other  articles  of  food  bore  a  corresponding  price. 

The  surrounding  country  was  poor  and  in  the  rudest  state 
of  cultivation  ;  and  not  only  the  troops,  but  the  inhabitants, 
were  dependent  on  distant  places  for  fresh  provisions  and 
vegetables.  Persons  were  sometimes  despatched  to  Machias, 
a  distance  of  fifty  miles,  as  the  road  then  was,  to  procure 
small  lots  of  butter,  eggs,  and  poultry.  The  travelling  was 
exceedingly  rough  and  wearisome,  and  the  transportation  of 
such  articles  expensive  and  precarious.  By  water,  the  com- 
munication was  far  easier  and  safer.  The  British  were  in 
undisputed  possession  of  New  P)runswick  and  Nova  Scotia, 
and  had  cruisers  in  the  waters  of  both  colonies ;  and  as  Cas- 
tine,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot,  was  soon  added  to  their 
conquests,  the  trade  between  that  port  and  Halifax  was  free, 
and  attended  with  but  little  hazard.  In  fact,  merchant  ves- 
sels bound  to  the  Penobscot  frequently  sailed  under  convoy 
of  ships-of-war.  As  was  the  case  prior  to  the  capture,  "neu- 
tral "  bottoms  were  speedily  made,  to  meet  the  wants  of  the 
American  merchants  who  flocked  to  the  frontier,  to  purchase 
and  introduce  British  manufactures  into  the  country  under 
the  forms  of  law. 

Among  the  vessels  which  they  employed  was  the  sloop 
"Abo."  It  was  well  understood  that  she  was  owned  by  a 
native  of  New  Brunswick  who  lived  at  Eastport ;  that  she 
was  registered  at  a  British  custom-house  ;  and  that,  provided 
with   re<iisters  of  various  other  kinds   and  with   masters   to 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


20: 


correspond,  she  changed  her  nationality  or  flag  as  often  as 
circumstances  required.  Loaded  to  the  water's  edge,  and 
propelled  with  oars,  she  was  yet  so  fast  a  sailer  that  two 
voyages  to  Sweden  or  Spain  in  a  single  day  were  among  the 
extraordinary  feats  which  she  accomplished. 

There  was  still  another  device,  which  consisted  in  the  capt- 
ure of  British  vessels  ;  and  a  person  who  was  concerned  in 
these  enterprises  relates  the  following  instance  ;  A  British 
vessel,  loaded  with  goods  and  cleared  at  the  English  custom- 
house at  Eastport  for  Halifax,  set  sail  professedly  for  that 
port  toward  evening,  but  when  off  Allan's  Island  was 
boarded  by  a  band  of  men  who  jabbered  in  imitation  of  a 
foreign  tongue.  By  some  strange  coincidence,  the  leader  of 
these  men  had  a  Swedish  register,  which  recited  the  dimen- 
sions and  name  of  this  vessel  with  entire  accuracy.  Assum- 
ing command,  he  compelled  her  crew  to  abandon  her,  and 
proceeded  to  Lubec,  a  distance  of  only  three  miles,  where 
he  entered  the  goods  at  the  American  custom-house.  The 
original  crew  spent  the  night  at  Rice's  Island,  drinking 
shrub  and  playing  cards,  and  in  the  morning  made  a  pro- 
test, in  which  their  capture  by  pirates  —  who  were  in  truth 
their  own  townsmen  in  disguise,  speaking  as  above  men- 
tioned—  was  set  forth  with  due  and  grave  particularity. 
The  trade  conducted  in  tliese  and  other  ways  equally  ingen- 
ious was  very  large.  The  duties  secured  to  the  United 
States  on  the  merchandise  —  as  appears  in  the  custom-house 
records  —  amounted,  in  less  than  one  month,  to  the  sum  of 
5127,261.51.  The  common  method  and  route  of  transi)orta- 
tion  was  by  land  to  Southbay  ;  thence  by  water  to  Whiting  \ 
*;hence  by  land,  across  the  lakes,  to  l<-ast  Machias ;  and 
thence,  in  horse-wagons,  to  Boston.  The  "  neutral  "  vessels 
earned  money  something  as  it  is  coined  at  the  mint,  and 
the  compensation  to  agents,  boatmen,  and  others  was  lib- 
eral ;  but  yet  few  persons  retained  the  i)roperty  whicli  they 


2o6 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


acquired,  and  many  of  them  spent  as  fast  as  they  received. 
Additional  conquests  soon  after  the  capture  caused  a  chani;e 
in  the  course  of  this  commerce.  Castine  was  captured  on 
Thursday,  tlie  ist  of  September,  1S14,  and  Hampden  on 
Saturday  morning  following.  The  Penobscot  was  declared 
the  boundary  between  Maine  and  the  territory  now  con- 
quered, and  the  country  east  of  that  river  was  erected  into 
a  British  colony.  The  "  neutral  trade "'  at  Kastport  came 
at  once  to  an  end.  Large  quantities  of  goods  were,  how- 
ever, sliipped  from  Eastport  and  St.  John  to  Castine,  and 
thence  found  their  way  into  the  United  States.  Hamp- 
den on  the  westerly  or  American  side  of  the  Penobscot 
became  what  Eastport  was  before  its  capture,  and  what 
Lubec  was  for  two  months  after  it.  Josiah  Hook,  the  col- 
lector of  the  customs  at  Castine,  opened  an  office  at  Hamp- 
den, and  entered  vessels  with  British  merchandise  under  the 
Swedish  fiag.  Though  a  young  boy,  I  well  remember  the 
occurrences  there.  Peleg  Tallman,  of  Bath,  appeared  as 
Swedish  consul ;  and  a  brisk  business  was  prosecuted  until 
the  close  of  the  river.  The  amount  of  duties  secured  at 
Hampden  in  five  weeks  is  said  to  have  been  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  During  the  winter  there  was 
much  smuggling;  and  collisions  on  the  ice,  at  Hampden  and 
elsewhere  in  the  river,  were  frequent  and  sometimes  serious. 

The  traffic  by  land  experienced  interruptions,  and  several 
droves  of  cattle  were  seized.  The  officer  in  command  of  the 
fortification  at  Machias  had  sixtv  or  seventv  oxen  in  charge, 
which  had  been  detained  on  their  way  co  the  frontier,  when 
the  approach  of  tlic  British  force  compelled  him  to  evacuate 
the  post.  But  he  left  the  cattle  behind  ;  and  a  British  officer, 
on  examining  the  works,  wittily  said  that  it  was  "the  first 
fort  he  ever  saw  manned  with  bullocks." 

After  the  peace,  commercial  adventures  took  a  new  turn. 
In  18 15,  the  trade  in  gypsum,  or  plaster  of  Paris,  was  prose- 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


J07 


cutcd  witli  great  spirit.  In  1816,  vast  quantities  of  salt  came 
out  from  llngland  ;  and,  as  that  article  in  the  United  States 
was  high,  as,  too,  the  revenue  cutlers  on  the  eastern  coast 
of  Maine  were  small,  and  could  only  pursue  smugglers  in 
calm  weather,  it  was  freely  introduced.  Vet  the  records  of 
the  seizures  of  vessels,  boats,  salt,  fish,  rum,  and  woolen  and 
cotton  goods  —  which  I  have  examined  —  show  that  the  con- 
traband traders  were  not  ahvavs  successful. 

The  situation  of  Colonel  Trescott,  the  collector,  as  appears 
by  his  correspondence, —  which  is  before  me  as  I  write, — 
was  unpleasant  and,  to  use  his  own  expression,  even  **  haz- 
ardous." Novel  questions  of  law  were  continually  coming  up 
for  decision,  and  instructions  from  the  Treasury  Department 
were  indispensable.  But  he  could  only  communicate  with  the 
Secretary  through  the  post-office  at  Dennys\ille,  a  distance  of 
nineteen  miles  from  his  own  office  at  Lubec,  and  by  a  road 
often  impassable  in  vehicles  or  on  horseback.  He  was  in 
constant  apprehension  of  the  seizure  of  his  person  ;  and,  to 
provide  against  incursions  from  the  enemy,  he  regularly 
transmitted  the  bonds,  which  he  received  for  duties,  to  Eos- 
ton,  by  special  messengers.  One  of  the  persons  thus  em- 
ployed went  to  Portland,  a  distance  of  two  hundred  and 
fifty  miles,  on  foot.  True  Dradbury,  another,  to  prevent 
suspicion  of  his  errand,  passed  through  the  wilderness,  and 
across  the  Schoodiac  Lakes.  The  bonds  which  he  trans- 
mitted for  safe  keeping  to  the  Slate  liank,  by  three  messen- 
gers, in  September,  1S14, —  only  about  two  months  after  the 
capture, —  amounied  to  upward  of  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  thousand  dollars. 

?Iis  officers,  stationed  at  Calais,  Robbinston,  Whiting,  and 
other  places,  to  detect  smugglers,  were  often  in  collision 
with  persons  who  claimed  that  the  goods  which  were  taken 
from  them  had  been  entered  ;  and  the  schemes  and  plans  of 
the  "  neutrals  "  kept  them  excited  and  tasked  his  patience. 


208 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMA(JUODDY 


His  opinion  of  the  importation  of  goods,  in  tlie  manner 
which  I  have  mentioned,  was  often  and  freely  expressed. 
He  allowed  it,  he  said,  because  "the  law  overruled  "  him. 
In  August,  1S14,  heAvrote  to'the  district  attorney  that,  "not- 
withstanding" his  "advice,  the  merchants  (and  the  country," 
said  he,  "  is  full  of  them)  will  persist  in  bringing  merchandise 
in  neutral  vessels,  and  I  am  obliged  to  submit."  "The  neu- 
trals," he  remarks  in  another  letter,  "  insist  upon  bringing  in 
British  manufactured  goods  ;  and  I  see  no  law  I  can  avail 
myself  of  to  prevent  them.  Five  cargoes  have  been  brought 
over  since  the  capture  of  Moose  Island :  the  one  which 
arrived  last  night  is  a  large  sloop,  cnnculed  full.''''  These  five 
cargoes  consisted  of  six  hundred  and  sixtv-nine  nackacces. 
Again  he  wrote  to  the  collector  at  Penobscot,  "  I  cannot 
prevent  the  neutral  deal,  though  to  allow  it  is  much  against 
my  wish  under  existing  circumstances."  In  a  letter  to  the 
Comptroller  of  the  Treasury,  dated  in  October,  he  said  that, 
as  "  the  enemy  had  possession  of  every  port  from  the  Passa- 
maquoddy  to  the  Penobscot,  he  had  no  authority  to  act  in 
his  official  capacity,  and  should  retire  to  Portland,  or  some 
town  east  of  it,  and  there  wait  the  orders  of  the  Secretary." 
He  accordingly  departed  the  district  in  the  course  of  that 
month,  but  returned  in  March,  1S15,  reopened  his  office,  and 
continued  at  his  post.  He  came  back  much  against  his  will, 
it  would  seem,  since,  in  a  letter  to  (general  Dearborn  at  Bos- 
ton, he  said,  "  God  knows  I  have  wished  to  avoid  doing  busi- 
ness at  my  office."  His  official  papers  were  scattered  over  a 
line  of  four  hundred  miles,  and  were  to  be  searched  for  in 
by-places,  and  in  the  custody  of  the  many  people  to  whom 
their  removal  from  time  to  time  had  been  intrusted. 

War  introduces  strange  distinctions.  It  sets  up  startling 
definitions  of  right  and  wrong.  It  regulates  human  actions 
by  a  monstrous  code  of  morals,  all  of  which  are  illustrated 
bv  the  terms  of  intercourse  allowed  and  forbidden  with  the 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


!09 


frontier.  The  "  neutral  trade "  was  clearly  open  to  severe 
censure.  We  have  seen  that  the  collector,  though  it  was  for 
his  personal  interest  to  countenance  it,  remonstrated  against 
it.  The  government  obtained  the  duties  on  the  merchandise 
iniported,  it  is  true  ;  but,  in  principle,  in  what  respect  did 
the  trade  differ  from  that  which  the  government  interdicted 
as  treasonable  ? 

The  words  "treason"  and  "traitor"  are  easily  spoken  at 
any  time,  and  parrots  can  be  taught  to  repeat  them.  There 
are  human  bipeds  who  are  ever  ready  to  cast  them  at  those 
who  do  not  bow  the  knee  and  doff  the  cap  and  shout  for 
blood,  more  blood.  IJut  the  cry  of  "treason"  is  raised, 
sometimes,  to  cover  the  guilt  of  those  who  utter  it.  Who 
does  not  feel  that  "a  mother  with  an  infant  in  her  arms  has 
nature's  passport  through  the  world  "  ?  And  yet,  when  the 
mothers  of  Kastport,  with  babies  at  the  breast,  were  held  in 
unwilling  subjection  to  a  foreign  power,  it  was  called  "  trea- 
son "  to  feed  them  ! 

No  article  of  the  first  necessity  for  children,  for  the  suffer- 
ing and  the  sick,  could  go  to  Moose  Island  without  guilt ;  but 
every  article  of  luxury  and  fashion  could  be  carried  inno- 
cently from  it !  The  wagon  of  the  farmer,  who  perhaps 
was  a  relative  of  some  sufferer,  laden  with  the  surplus  prod- 
uce of  his  own  land  just  across  Tuttle's  Ferry,  was  an 
object  of  suspicion,  of  detention,  and  of  confiscation ;  but 
the  four-horse  teams  which  thronged  the  rough  and  difficult 
highways  between  Lubec  and  the  Penobscot,  loaded  with 
IJritish  manufactures,  for  sale  in  Boston,  New  York,  and  else- 
where, were  furnished  with  government  passports!  Men 
affected  to  be  shocked  when  they  heard  that  the  officers  of 
the  customs  had  seized  an  ox,  a  lamb,  or  a  gallon  of  milk 
on  the  way  to  the  frontier;  but  they  smiled  and  chuckled  at 
the  skill  displayed  by  adventurers  in  changing  the  national 
character  of  vessels,   seamen,  and  fabrics  at  Lubec  and  at 


PI 

1 

ItJ 

1 

'  Ym 

i 

.-"^ 

w 

2  lO 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAlJl'UDDY 


II: 

I 


Hampden,  the  war  ports  of  entry  for  jjoods  called  " neutral, " 
but  known  to  everybody  to  be  IJritish.  To  punish  the 
"treason"  of  those  who  came  to  Eastport  with  provisions, 
an  act  of  Congress  was  hinted  at.  and  the  employment  of 
troops  suggested  by  an  American  functionary  ;  but  1  have  no- 
where found  that  the  commercial  adventurers  who  went  to  it 
from  the  great  cities  of  the  United  States  were  threatened 
with  the  loss  of  liberty  or  life  for  their  practices.  Nay  :  they 
enjoyed  the  express  sanction  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
"Neutral  vessels  and  cargoes,"  said  that  officer,  "coming 
from  any  port  of  the  Uritish  dominions,  may  be  admitted  to 
enter  in  every  port  of  the  United  States."  And  he  added 
that  "  whether  the  port  which  they  cleared  be  real  or  color- 
able, friendly  or  hostile,  can  make  no  difference  in  the  case." 
As  in  the  embargo,  the  odium  of  the  reprehensible  trans- 
actions of  which  I  have  spoken  was  cast  upon  the  inhabi- 
tants of  the  island.  The  i)ublic  sentiment,  to  a  very  great 
degree,  was  unjust.  The  projectors,  the  great  movers  in 
these  enterprises,  came  from  abroad.  There  was  not  then  a 
merchant  at  Eastport  who  had  the  experience,  the  capital,  or 
the  correspondence  with  persons  in  business  elsewhere,  nec- 
essary to  plan  or  execute  extensive  importations ;  and  their 
participation  in  the  "  neutral  "  trade  was  therefore  limited, 
and  confined  principally  to  storing,  shipping,  and  forward- 
ing the  merchandise  of  others,  after  the  legal  entry  at  the 
custom-house.  Enough  has  been  said  to  show  that  the  peo- 
ple of  Eastport  endured  many  privations,  and  were  denied 
many  of  the  privileges  to  which  they  had  been  accustomed. 
True,  they  were  allowed  to  manage  their  private  concerns  at 
pleasure,  according  to  certain  prescribed  rules,  and  some 
civil  rights  were  expressly  permitted  or  enjoyed,  by  the  in- 
attention of  their  captors  ;  but  yet  there  were  many  things 
to  render  their  situation  irksome  and  extremely  unpleasant. 
If  they  desired  to  pursue  their  maritime  vocations  and  ap- 


UNDER    MARTIAr,    LAW 


ill 


plied  to  the  collector  at  Lubec  for  leave,  the  question  arose 
whether,  being  in  subjection  to  the  enemy,  they  could  ap- 
pear as  owners  or  masters  of  American  vessels.  If,  in  the 
business  in  which  they  might  engage,  they  purchased  fish 
and  oil  of  the  neighboring  islanders,  they  were  not  suffered 
to  introduce  these  commodities  into  the  United  States,  which 
were  the  only  markets  for  them.  If  fuel  or  fresh  provisions 
were  sent  to  them  from  the  mainland,  their  own  former 
townsmen  —  tin;  revenue  officers  —  were  in  readiness  to  seize 
whatever  should  come  within  their  grasp.  If  they  attempted 
to  revive  their  trade  on  "the  lines,"  thev  were  met  with  the 
declaration  that,  as  the  boundary  was  not  yet  determined  as- 
provided  in  the  treaty  at  Ghent,  as  Moose  Island  was  held  as 
a  foreign  place,  and  Dudley  and  Frederic  Islands,  though  less 
important,  were  still  claimed  by  the  IJritish,  as  the  old  lines, 
established  long  before  by  the  collectors  of  the  customs  of  the 
two  governments  for  official  purposes  of  their  own,  were  now 
abolished,  usages  and  prescriptions,  in  this  state  of  affairs, 
were  at  an  end,  and  that  no  indulgences  could  be  allowed. 
If  they  endeavored  to  communicate  with  their  countrymen 
wes*'  of  the  frontier,  the  nearest  post-offices  until  1816  were 
at  Robbinston  and  Dennysville,  both  of  which,  at  times 
in  the  winter,  were  inaccessible  for  weeks ;  while  letters 
addressed  to  them  were  stopped  on  the  Penobscot,  by  order 
of  the  government,  and  reached  them  only  after  delay  and 
by  surreptitious  and  circuitous  routes. 

\\\  a  word,  claimed  by  P^ngland  and  claimed  by  the  United 
States,  they  were  partially  disowned  by  both.*  When  the 
subject  of  allowing  them  the  full  privileges  of  British  sub- 
jects was  considered  in  the  cabinet  council  of  New  Bruns- 

*A  miniber  cf  persons  who  were  liorn  on  llie  island  duriiiL;  the  foreign  occupation 
were  by  birtli  lirilish  subjects  as  well  as  American  citizens,  and  years  after  in  several 
instances  it  was  found  convenient  to  remember  this  fact.  A  merchant,  who  in  a  provin- 
cial port  had  proceeded  to  sell  the  car;;o  of  liis  vessel  without  the  intervention  of  a 
commission    merchant,  not  knowing  that   there    was  a    local   regulation  which   forbade 


■'»!■?:'■ 


w*-\ 


112 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


wick,  the  boon  was  denied ;  and  the  official  decision  was  sent 
to  town,  to  be  posted  on  the  corners  of  the  streets.  So,  on 
the  other  hand,  when  their  senator  appeared  in  the  legis- 
lature of  Massachusets,  it  was  gravely  urged  that,  as  he  came 
from  a  conquered  district,  he  could  not  hold  his  seat.  Yet 
the  Commonweath  levied  the  State  tax  as  usual,  and  actu- 
ally sued  to  recover  it. 

Peace  removed  some  of  these  disabilities,  but  others  con- 
tinued during  the  entire  period  of  Ikitish  rule.  That  event 
caused  every  hostile  foot,  elsewhere,  to  leave  our  soil.  The 
absurd  claim  to  the  territory  from  the  Penobscot  eastward 
to  the  St.  Croix  was  abandoned,  but  the  islands  in  the 
Passamaquoddy  were  left  by  the  treaty  in  dispute.  To  these 
islands  the  T3ritish  commissioners  clung  with  almost  invinci- 
ble tenacity.  "After  commencing  the  negotiations  with  the 
loftiest  pretensions  of  conquest,"  says  John  Qnincy  Adams, 
*'  they  finally  settled  down  into  the  determination  merely  to 
keep  Moose  Island  and  the  fisheries  to  themselves.  This 
was  the  object  of  their  deepest  solicitude.  Their  efforts  to 
obtain  our  acquiescence  to  their  pretensions  that  the  fishing 
liberties  had  been  forfeited  by  the  war  were  unwearied. 
They  presented  it  to  us  in  every  form  that  ingenuity  could 
devise.  It  was  the  first  stumbling-block  and  the  last  obstacle 
to  the  conclusion  of  the  treaty.'' 

Mr.  Adams  and  his  associate  commissioners  at  Ghent  in- 
sisted upon  the  immediate  restitution  of  Moose  Island  and 
its  de])endencies,  until  they  had  reason  to  believe  that  further 
perseverance  would  have  prevented  the  termination  of  the 
war,  when  they  consented  that  the  possession  of  l^ngland 
might    be  continued  until    commissioners,   to    be    appointed 


foreigners  to  transact  business  without  ;i  licenso,  was  saved  from  arrest  and  a  fine  be- 
cause it  was  rernonibored  that  lie  was  born  on  Moose  Island  when  under  martial  law. 
A  lady,  of  Eastport  birth  at  that  time,  is  now  hving,  whose  jiatriotic  father,  determined 
that  his  cliild  should  be  born  undei  llie  American  tlag,  spread  the  stars  and  stripes  over 
the   mother's  bed  at  tlie  time  of  her  biMli. —  K. 


UNDER    >rARTIAI.    LAW 


under  the  treaty,  should  decide  the  question  of  title  finally. 
Nearly  three  years  elapsed  before  the  commissioners  came 
to  determine  ;  and  six  months  were  suffered  to  pass,  after 
their  decision  was  made,  before  martial  law  ceased  to  be  en- 
forced on  territory  acknowledged,  after  so  much  delay,  to 
belong  to  the  United  States,  and  entitled  therefore  to  all  the 
immunities  guaranteed  by  the  Constitution. 

How  few  now  remember  that  a  part  of  Maine  was  under 
the  rule  of  officers  in  the  British  army  from  the  nth  of  July, 
1814,  to  the  30th  of  June,  181S  ! 

Finally,  Brigadier-general  James  Miller,  of  the  United 
States  army,  was  designated  by  the  President,  and  Colonel 
Henry  Sargeant  by  th.e  Governor  of  Massachusetts,  to  re- 
ceive from  Captain  R.  Gibbon,  the  British  officer  in  com- 
mand, the  formal  restoration  of  Moose  Island  and  its  depen- 
dencies ;  and  the  last  day  of  June,  181S,  was  fixed  upon  for 
the  exchange  of  national  flags. 

Captain  Gibbon  was  entitled  to  the  respect  of  the  inhabi- 
tants ;  and,  on  taking  leave  of  him,  they  prepared  and  pre- 
sented the  following  letter  : — 

Easti'OKT,  27th  June,  i.SiS. 

To  Capt.  R.  GinnoN,  Commandant,  lS:c.,  X.. 

Sir:  The  time  being  near  at  hand  wlicn  this  Island  will  re- 
vert to  the  United  States  and  our  separation  being  about  to  take 
place,  we,  the  undersigned  citizens  of  Eastport,  beg  leave  to  ex- 
press to  you  our  higli  respect  and  esteem  fur  the  disposition  you 
have,  at  all  times,  evinced  during  your  conunand,  to  conserve  the 
interests  of  the  inhabitants  ;  to  unite  moderation  with  firmness  : 
and  prudence  with  decision. 

Wa  concratulate  you  and  ourselves,  that  the  circumstances 
under  wliich  we  are  about  to  separate  are  so  widely  diUerent 
from  those  which  brought  us  tt)gether.  The  liappy  return  of 
Peace  between  the  two  countries  to  wliich  we  are  respectively 
attached  must  ever  be  a  subject  of  congratulation  to  the  people  of 
both  nations. 


mk 


■WhMl 

1  iV'M 


IT 


214 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


The  causes  of  war  having  passed  away,  wo  sincerely  hope  the 
passions  and  resentments  of  the  contest  have  passed  away  with 
them;  and  it  is  witli  pleasure  we  reflect,  that  it  is  far  from  being 
the  characteristic  of  the  enlightened  people  of  cither  country, 
to  suffer  the  bitterness  of  animosity  to  mingle  with  their  joy; 
but  rather  to  consider  each  other  "■  enemies,  \n  War — /;/  Peace, 
friends^ 

While  from  an  ardent  attachment  to  the  Government  of  our 
own  country,  we  felicitate  ourselves  that  its  laws  are  again  to  be 
restored  to  us,  which  must  ever  be  more  congenial  to  our  feelings, 
as  American  citizens,  than  the  laws  of  any  other;  we  should  do 
injustice  to  our  own  feelings,  were  we  to  be  unmindful  of  tlie  tribute 
of  resi)ect,  so  justly  due  to  yourself  and  other  officers  wlio  have 
presided  over  us  ;  and  who,  in  the  discharge  of  their  official  duties, 
have  had  the  magnanimity  and  uprightness  to  rcfiain  from  all 
oppression,  and  to  overcome  the  temptation  ^'' to  feel  power  and 
foi\s;e(  rii^/it."' 

We  would  also  avail  ourselves  of  this  opportunity  to  express, 
through  you,  our  high  consideration  and  esteem  for  Major  Gal- 
lagher, whose  prompt  and  friendly  attention  to  the  interests  of  the 
inhal)itants  will  ever  be  justly  ap])reciated. 

To  Doctor  liett,  also,  we  would  offer  the  sentiments  of  sincere 
regard  and  esteem :  his  many  charitable  and  kind  offices  towards 
many  of  the  inliabitants  of  this  i)lace,  will  durably  impress  his 
name  ujion  the  table  of  grateful  recollection. 

To  the  other  oIlicLMs  of  tiu;  garrison,  whose  habits  have  been 
but  little  detached  from  the  community,  and  who,  in  the  character 
of  the  soldier,  have  not  lost  the  feelings  of  the  citizen,  we  would 
present  our  be  .  and  most  sincere  wishes  for  their  future  welfare 
and  jirosperity. 

Wishing  you  health  and  liappiness,  we  have  the  honor  to  be. 
Sir.  with  great  respect, 

Your  most  obeditnt  servants. 


[Signed  by  John  Burgin  and  by  forty-two  of  the  respect- 
able resident  inliabitants.  in  the  nanu-  of  the  whole.] 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


215 


Captain  Gibbon  replied  thus  :  — 


iMoosE  Island,  June  2Sth   1S18. 

GE>fTLE.MF.X  : 

I  have  received  an  Address,  to  which  the  name  of  you,  the 
principal  inhabitants  of  Moose  Island,  is  attached. 

It  gives  me  much  pleasure  and  satisfaction  to  learn  that  my 
conduct,  as  that  of  the  officers  of  the  detachment  of  his  Majesty's 
tfdops  placed  under  my  command,  have  met  your  expressed 
api)robation. 

I  beg  you  will  accept,  Gentlemen,  from  myself  and  those  offi- 
cers, our  united  thanks  for  such  a  flattering  testimonial  of  your 
regard.  With  best  wishes  for  your  future  welfare  and  happiness, 
we  sincerely  hope  that  the  amity  and  good  understanding  so 
happily  re-established  between  nations,  of  the  same  language  and 
feelings,  may  be  so  strongly  cemented  bv  a  reciijrocity  of  inter- 
ests and  advantages,  as  never  to  meet  with  interruption  or  dis- 
union.    I  have  the  honor,  to  be.  Gentlemen, 

Your  very  oliedient  humble  servant, 

R.  GiiiBON,  Capt.  9S,  Commandant. 

JoHX  Bur(;l\,  Esq.  Moose  Island. 


'  ill 


II 


Sergeant  Crook,  though  of  huml^le  rank  as  a  military  man, 
had  been  the  commandant's  sheriff  or  high  constable,  and 
therefore  a  personage  of  power  and  consequence.  He  could 
have  given  the  citizens  much  trouble.  IjuI  he  had  e.xecuted 
the  mandates  of  his  superior  with  due  regard  for  the  feelings 
of  the  citizens,  and  had  so  far  won  their  confidence  that 
they  had  made  him  their  own  officer  of  police.  In  the  hour 
of  leave-taking,  he  was  not  to  be  forgotten. 

I'Iastpokt,  June  25,  1S18. 
To  Sargeant  Peter  Crook, 

1st  IJattalion  Koyal  Artillery. 

.Sir:  As  the  time  lias  nearly  arrived  when  you  will  leave  this 
place,  we,  the  undersigneil.  citizens  of  Kastport,  cannot  forbear 
giving  you  some  parting  testimonv  of  our  respect  and  esteem. 


4 

1 

i 

2l6 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


The  prudence  with  which  you  have  discharged  jour  various 
duties  among  the  citizens,  and  the  delicacy  with  which  you  have 
executed  the  commands  of  the  Commandant  relating  to  them, 
deserve  our  best  acknowledgments ;  and  we  would  be  doing 
injustice  to  our  feelings,  did  we  not,  in  this  public  manner,  assure 
you  of  our  best  and  sincere  wishes  for  your  future  welfare  and 
prosperity. 

[Signed  by  the  most  respectable  inhabitants.] 

The  sergeant  thus  replied  to  this  letter :  — 

Eastpokt,  June  27th,  1818. 
To  THE  Citizens  of  Moose  Island. 

Gentlemen  :  I  beg  leave  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your 
note,  dated  the  25th  inst.,  and  must  confess  my  inability  to  ex- 
press myself  sufficiently  on  this  occasion  ;  but  gratitude  for  your 
friendly  and  civil  conduct  towards  me,  as  well  as  this  mark  of 
your  approbation  and  esteem,  demands  my  most  sincere  thanks ; 
and  that  you  may  long  enjoy  health,  happiness,  and  prosperity,  is 

the  sincere  wish  of. 

Gentlemen,  Yours,  Szc. 

P.  Crook, 
Sergeant  Royal  Artillery. 


Early  in  the  morning  of  the  30th,  agreeable  to  the  plan  of 
arrangements,  the  British  and  American  troops  exchanged 
salutes,  when  the  former  evacuated  Fort  Sullivan,  and  the 
latter  took  possession  of  it.  A  national  salute  of  twenty 
guns,  "  Yankee  Doodle  "  by  the  band,  the  lowering  of  the 
British  and  the  hoisting  of  the  American  colors,  and  six 
hearty  cheers  by  the  throng  of  spectators  completed  the 
ceremonies  and  rejoicing  of  the  occasion.  On  the  ist  of 
July,  a  public  dinner  was  given  to  General  Miller  by  the 
citizens  in  a  spacious  awning  erected  for  the  purpose  on  the 
spot  subsequently  occupied  by  the  houses  of  Daniel  Kilby 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


217 


and  Joseph  H.  Claridge.  The  first  sentiment  at  table  was, 
"The  President  of  the  United  States";  the  second,  "The 
Governor  of  the  Commonwealth  "  ;  the  third,  "  Brigadier-gen- 
eral Miller." 

On  the  annunciation  of  the  last,  Ichabod  R.  Chadbourne 
arose  in  behalf  of  his  townsmen,  and  addressed  their  distin- 
guished guests  thus  :  — 

"General, —  It  is  with  no  ordinary  sensation  of  pleasure 
thr.t  we  again  see  the  natior.al  standard  waving  over  our 
heads.  Four  years'  deprivation  of  our  civil  rights  has  given 
to  them  an  increased  value.  The  pleasure  we  feel  on  again 
receiving  the  privileges  and  protection  of  our  country  is  in 
no  wise  diminished  in  having  them  restored  to  us  by  one  who 
so  bravely  fought  in  their  defence. 

"The  world  has  heard  of  the  gallant  deeds  done  at  Erie, 
Bridgewater,  and  Brownston.  We  tender  our  admiration  to 
the  man  who  sought  danger,  and  won  for  himself  and  coun- 
try glory  and  renown." 

To  this  terse  and  happy  speech,  the  general  made  the 
following  reply :  — 

"  Sir, —  It  is  impossible,  at  this  time,  to  do  justice  to  my 
own  feelings  in  answer  to  your  very  flattering  address.  Per- 
mit mc,  however,  to  return  to  you,  and  through  you  to  the 
inhabitants  of  Eastport,  my  grateful  acknowledgments  for 
the  very  liberal  expressions  of  approbation  contained  in  it ; 
and  be  assured  it  will  ever  be  a  source  of  gratification  to  me 
to  be  instrumental  in  promoting  your  future  prosperity  and 
happiness." 

Volunteer  sentiments  were  then  given,  of  which  some  have 
been  preserved  :  — 

By  General  Miller,  "The  citizens  of  Eastport, —  may  their 
future  prosperity  equal  their  present  hospitality." 

By  Lieutenant  Allanson,  aid  to  General  Miller :  "  Major- 
general  Jackson,  of  the  United  States  army.     He  would  not 


r^  r 


218 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


flatter  Neptune  for  his  trident,  nor  Jove  for  his  power  to 
thunder," 

By  Colonel  Henry  Sargent,  "  May  we  never  despise  our 
enemy,  nor  from  him  fly;  but,  like  Miller,  boldly  forward 
march,  and  say,  '  We'll  try.'  " 

By  Dr.  Benjamin  Waterhouse,  "  Those  three  bright  stars, 
yet  visible  in  the  American  horizon, —  Adams,  Jefferson,  and 
Madison." 

By  Lieutenant  Merchant,  of  the  United  States  army, 
"The  young  ladies  of  Moose  Island, —  may  they  each  catch 
a  Deer  of  their  own  choosing." 

By  Jonathan  Bartlett,  "The  commissioners  under  the 
Fourth  Article  of  the  treaty  of  Ghent, —  they  have  cast  our 
lines  in  pleasant  places." 

By  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  "The  30th  of  June,  1818, — 
which  not  only  restored  to  the  inhabitants  of  Eastport  their 
personal  and  civil  rights,  but  the  right  of  exercising  them." 

By  George  Norton,  "  May  the  war-whoop  and  tomahawk 
of  destruction  pursue  the  incorrigible  enemies  of  our  country 
until  they  accept  the  wampum  belt  of  reformation." 

By  Solomon  Rice,  "The  commissioners  of  Ghent, —  the 
enlightened  guardians  of  the  honor  and  rights  of  their 
country." 

The  same  day  (July  i)  Colonel  Sargent,  in  a  pertinent 
note,  communicated  to  the  citizens  "the  pleasure  which  the 
supreme  authority  of  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts 
receives  from  their  restoration  to  the  full  enjoyment  of  all 
the  rights  and  benefits  of  our  constitution  and  laws,"  and 
announced  that  the  jurisdiction  of  Massachusetts,  by  the 
termination  of  the  disputes  relative  to  the  boundary,  was 
"  now  perfect  and  complete."  The  selectmen  of  the  town, — 
Abel  Stevens,  Ezra  T.  Bucknam,  and  Ethel  Olmstead, — 
in  behalf  of  the  citizens,  made  a  suitable  reply,  in  which 
they  breathed  the  wish  that  those  who  were  restored  to  their 


UNDER    MARTIAL    LAW 


219 


former  share  of  interest  in  the  State  government  would  "ever 
be  good  citizens,  faithful  to  their  country,  and  ambitious  for 
the  exalted  character  and  honor  of "  Massachusetts. 

The  restoration  of  the  island  was  the  beginning  of  a  new 
era  in  its  annals.  A  spirit  of  enterprise  prevailed  immedi- 
ately, and  additions  were  made  to  the  wharves  and  stores, 
in  anticipation  of  in  increase  of  business  ;  while  several  gen- 
tlemen of  Portland  and  other  parts  of  Maine  removed  there, 
who  soon  gave  a  high  tone  to  the  moral,  social,  and  literary 
character  of  the  town  and  the  neighborhood. 


u'-u:n 


A  Pinke 


i  i" 


CHAPTER   VI. 

THE   POLITICAL   HISTORY   OF   EASTPORT. 

With  Notices  of  the  Citizens  who  have  represented 
THE  Town  in  the  General  Court  of  the  Com- 
monwealth OF  Massachusetts  and  Legis- 
lature OF  the  State  of  Maine. 

BY   W.    H.    KILl   ;. 


The  desire  for  organization  developed  very  slowly  among 
the  original  settlers  of  Eastport.  The  real  life  of  the  future 
American  town  may  be  said  to  have  begun  when  Samuel 
Tuttle  and  John  Shackford,  two  ex-Revolutionary  soldiers, 
came  to  Moose  Island,  soon  after  the  peace  of  1783.  They 
found  here  a  few  settlers,  about  half  a  dozen  families,  the 
majority  of  whom  had  either  been  of  British  sympathy  or 
indifferent  to  the  result  of  the  great  struggle ;  and  many  of 
those  who  came  later  expected  to  make  only  a  temporary 
sojourn  while  engaging  in  frontier  trade  or  the  fisheries. 
The  township  lines  of  this  section  were  laid  out  in  1785  by 
Rufus  Putnam,  who  was  afterward  a  prominent  figure  in  the 
early  settlement  of  the  State  of  Ohio.  The  first  settlers 
here  were  squatters,  so  called,  and  had  no  titles  to  the  places 
they  occupied  until  the  island  was  divided  into  lots  by  Solo- 
mon Gushing,  and  assigned  to  their  occupants  in  1791. 
Plantation  No.  8  included  the  present  territory  of  both  East- 
port  and  Lubec,  and  in  1790*  a  population  of  two  hundred 
and   forty-four  persons  was  scattered   over  this  wide  area. 

*  See  Appendix  D. 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


For  the  time  they  were  content  with  a  simple  plantation  or- 
ganization, but  at  length  began  to  feel  the  necessity  of  some- 
thing stronger  and  more  comprehensive,  as  will  be  seen  by 
the  following  document,  which  is  copied  verbatim  from  the 
original :  — 

County  of  Washington,  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  Freeholders  and  other  inhabitants  of  Plan- 
tation No.  8  in  tlie  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy  lield  at  the  Meeting 
House  on  Moose  Island  Monday  the  13th  March  1797. 

On  motion 

That  the  very  great  inconveniences  the  Plantation  labors  under 
in  Iving  so  near  the  British  Lines,  and  a  resort  for  strangers  dur- 
ing  the  fishing  season  by  which  indigent  objects  arc  thrown  upon 
them,  to  the  great  damage  and  expence  of  the  inhabitants  wiiose 
circumstances  are  very  unable  to  bear  such  burthens.  Allso  that 
being  at  an  extreme  part  of  the  Commonwealth,  subjected  to  many 
evils  for  the  want  of  suitable  officers  to  execute  the  laws,  which 
appears  cannot  be  legally  chosen  by  the  Plantation  in  their  pres- 
ent situation. 

Therefore, 

Voted,  That  application  be  made  to  the  llon'ble  the  General 
Court  at  their  sessions  in  May  next  to  incorporate  said  Planta- 
tion by  the  name  of 

FREETOWN. 

Voted,  Mess.  Samuel  Tuttell,  Jolin  Burgan  and  John  Allan  l)e  a 
Committee  in  behalfe  of  the  Inhabitants.  To  draw  up  a  petition 
to  the  General  Court  for  Incoriioration  agreeable  to  the  foresaid 
Motion  and  Resolve,  and  tliat  tliey  forward  the  same  for  the  pur- 
pose before  mentioned  to  some  suitable  person. 

Jonathan  Leavitt,  Moderator. 
Jacob  Lin'Coln,  Plantation  Clerk. 

The  text  of  this  document  is  in  a  different  handwriting 
from  either  of  the  signatures.  The  petition  to  the  General 
Court,  based  on  this  authority,  is  carefully  drawn  and  signed 


*i 


H  0 


Jit! 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


by  the  committee,  Samuel  Tattle,  John  Burgin,  and  John 
Allan.  They  do  not  seem  to  have  felt  obliged  to  follow  their 
instructions  literally  ;  for,  instead  of  presenting  the  name  of 
Freetown  in  compliance  with  the  vote  of  the  preliminary 
meeting,  they  asked  to  have  the  plantation  incorporated  with 
the  name  of  East  Port.  I  have  heard  that  the  latter  name 
was  first  suggested  by  Captain  Hopley  Yeaton,  who  at  that 
time  commanded  the  United  States  revenue  cutter  on  the 
station  ;  and  its  peculiar  fitness  for  the  locality  must  have 
commended  it  to  the  committee.  There  "^  now  in  Massachu- 
setts a  town  of  Freetown,  adjoining  the  city  of  Fall  River, 
which  was  incorporated  in  1863,  and  derives  its  name  from 
the  fact  that  v  portion  of  its  territory  had  been  known  as  the 
"  free  lands." 

Nathaniel  Goddard,  a  young  merchant  who  was  at  that 
time  carrying  on  a  large  business  near  where  Elanchards' 
mill  now  stands,  rendered  important  assistance  in  getting  the 
act  incorporated,  and  at  a  town  meeting,  March  11,  1799, 
received  a  vote  of  thanks  for  his  services.  He  afterward 
moved  back  to  Boston,  where  he  became  a  leading  merchant 
and  accumulated  a  large  estate.  If  there  had  been  any 
difficulty  in  securing  the  necessary  legislation,  there  were 
two  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  who,  with 
their  knowledge  of  and  interest  in  our  section,  could  have 
been  of  great  service.  One  of  tliese  was  Honorable  Edward 
H.  Robbins,  of  Milton,  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  the  prin- 
cipal proprietor  of  Plantation  No.  4,  which,  when  incorpo- 
rated several  years  later,  was  called  Robbinston  in  his  honor. 
Subsequently,  he  was  chosen  lieutenant  governor  of  the 
Commonwealth ;  and  just  before  this  time,  when  the  present 
State  House,  which  was  first  occupied  Jan.  11,  179S,  was 
being  built,  he  was  one  of  the  commissioners  in  charge  of 
the  work,  and  I  have  heard  that  the  columns  which  orna- 
ment the  second  story  of  the  building  in  front  were  made 


r 


POLITICAI,    HISTORY 


!-'3 


from  trees  cut  near  the  West  Magurravvock  Lake  on  his  plan- 
tation. The  other  was  Colonel  Aaron  Hobart,  of  Abington, 
who  represented  his  native  town  for  fourteen  consecutive 
years,  from  1793  to  1S07  inclusive,  and  was  the  original  pro- 
prietor of  Plantation  No.  10,  now  Edmunds. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  act  of  incorporation :  — 

An  act  to  incorporate  the  plantation  called  number  ciglit  in 
the  County  of  Washington  in  the  hay  of  Passamaquoddy  into  a 
town  by  the  name  of  Eastport. 

Srx".  I.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Represen- 
tatives in  General  Court  assembled  and  by  the  authority  of  the 
same, 

That  the  plantation  called  numbers  in  tiie  bay  of  Passamaquoddy, 
bounded  as  follows,  viz. :  Southerly  by  the  bay  of  Fundv  or  Atlan- 
tic Ocean;  easterly  hy  a  line  as  delineated  in  the  plan  of  said 
plantation  taken  by  Rufus  Pl'tna.m,  Esq.,  and  others  in  the 
months  of  Jutie  and  July  in  the  year  one  thousand  seven  hundred 
and  eighty-tive,  and  drawn  from  the  eastern  point  of  West  (Jnoddy 
Head;  northerly  through  the  narrows  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
and  between  Moose  Island  tlwA  Deer  Island;  northerly  by  a  line 
delineated  as  aforesaid;  and  from  the  middle  of  the  passage 
called  the  Gut  between  Pleasant  Point  and  Burnt  Island,  run- 
ning westerly  and  south  westerly  through  Cobscook  Bay  by  the 
middle  of  the  ship  channel,  between  Craxiford's  or  Denboui's  N'eck 
and  Fall  Island,  westerly  by  a  line  running  .southerly  through  said 
ship  channel  up  Straight  Bay  to  a  white  pine  tree  at  its  head, 
marked  1785  Ni",.,  NW. ;  from  thence  by  line  trees.  South  nine 
degrees  thirty  minutes  east,  four  miles  tiiree  hundred  twelve  rods 
to  a  spruce  tree  on  the  northerly  shore  of  Ilaycock's  Harbour 
marked  17S5,  SW,  SE,  and  thence  through  the  middle  of  said  har- 
bour to  the  bay  of  Fuudy,  including  Moose  Island,  Burnt  Island, 
Dudley  Island,  Frederick  Island,  the  Isle  of  Patinos,  and  all 
other  islands  within  the  said  boundaries,  as  described  in  said  plan 
together  with  all  the  inhabitants  therein,  be  and  hereby  are  incor- 
porated into  a  town  by  the  name  of  Eastport,  with  all  the  powers, 


224 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAt^UODDV 


privileges,  and  immunities  which  towns  within  this  Commonwealth 
du  or  may  enjoy  by  law. 

Sl-:C.  2.     ^Ind  be  it  further  enacted  by  the  authority  afore  said. 

That  John  Allan,  Esq.,  be  and  hereby  is  em]inwered  to  issue 
his  warrant  to  some  suitable  inhabitant  of  said  town,  requiring  him 
to  warn  the  inhabitants  tiiereof  to  meet  at  such  time  and  i)lace  as 
he  shall  therein  set  forth  to  choose  all  such  officers  as  towns  are 
by  law  required  and  empowered  to  choose  in  the  month  of  March 
or  April  annually. 

Si2;ned  by  Samuel  Phillips,  President  of  Senate,  Edward  H. 
Robbins.  Speaker  of  the  House,  and  Increase  Sumner,  Cjavcrnor, 
Feby.  24,  1798. 

Eastport  was  the  one  hundred  and  sixteenth  incorporated 
town  in  Maine,  where  there  are  now  nearly  four  times  that 
number,  and  the  sixth  town  in  Washington  County.  Prior 
to  1789  there  were  but  three  counties  in  Maine  (York,  Cum- 
berland, and  Lincoln);  and  this  section  was  included  in  the 
territory  of  the  latter,  of  which  the  shire  town  was  Pownal- 
borough,  which  afterward  took  the  name  of  Wiscasset.  When 
Washington  County  was  established,  June  25,  17S9  (and 
Hancock  County  same  day),  it  had  but  one  incorporated 
town  (Machias)  in  its  limits  ;  and  the  census  taken  the  fol- 
lowing year  showed  a  population  of  only  2,758  in  the  entire 
county. 

In  compliance  with  the  provisions  of  the  act  of  incorpora- 
tion. Colonel  Allan  issued  his  warrant  to  John  Burgin,  Esq., 
who  notified  and  warned  the  inhabitants  to  assemble  at  the 
meeting-house  on  Moose  Island  on  the  21st  of  May,  1798,  to 
organize  the  new  town  of  Eastport  and  choose  town  officers. 
The  fact  that  in  this  little  edifice  began  the  political  as  well 
as  the  religious  life  of  the  town  is  a  good  reason  why  some 
monument  should  mark  its  site. 

At  this  first  meeting,  the  following  officers  were  chosen : 


I'OLITICAr,    HISTORY 


225 


Jonathan  Leavitt,  moderator;  Jacob  Lincoln,  town  clerk; 
Paul  Johnson,  William  Clark,  Sen.,  of  Soward's  Neck,  and 
John  Burgin,  selectmen  and  overseers  of  the  poor ;  Samuel 
Tiittle,  Jonathan  Morgan  Owen,  and  John  Xewcomb,  assess- 
ors;  Dominicus  Rumery,  Andrew  Bowman,  constables; 
Laban  Stoddard,  Jos.  Clark,  Jr.,  tithing-men  ;  Daniel  Joy, 
collector;  John  Xewcomb,  William  Allan,  of  Dudley  Island, 
Solomon  Cushing,  Laban  Stoddard,  and  Jonatiian  Leavitt, 
surveyors  of  lumber :  John  Xewcomb,  Jos.  Clark,  and  Will- 
iam Clark,  inspectors  and  cullers  of  fish  ;  Lemuel  Trescott, 
town  treasurer ;  Solomon  Mabee  and  l-'.ben  Ramsdell,  hog- 
reeves  ;  John  Allan,  Jonathaii  Leavitt,  and  Thomas  Dexter, 
auditors  of  accounts ;  William  Kicker,  Samuel  Tuttle,  and 
Benjamin  Reynolds,  fence-viewers ;  Jonathan  Leavitt,  Will- 
iam Rumery,  William  Hammon,  William  Ramsdell,  and 
Caleb  Boynion,  surveyors  of  highways. 

On  the  5th  Xovember,  179S,  there  appears  to  have  been 
held  both  a  town  meeting  and  an  election  for  member  of 
Congress  for  the  first  eastern  district ;  and,  as  the  record  in 
both  cases  is  somewhat  peculiar,  they  are  worth  repeating. 
At  the  former,  the  moderator  read  a  letter  from  foreman  of 
grand  jury,  stating  that  a  presentment  had  been  made  be- 
cause the  town  had  failed  to  procure  ammunition,  whereupon 
it  was  voted  "that  inhabitants  view  it  as  an  insult  that  any 
such  presentment  should  be  made  in  so  short  a  time  after 
incorporation,"  etc. ;  and  for  member  of  Congress  there  is 
reported :  "  Henry  I^earborn,  thirty  votes,  Silas  Lee,  no 
votes,  when  the  selectmen  proclaimed  Henry  Dearborn  a 
majority  of  the  town." 

Apparently  there  was  not  much  interest  in  these  Congres- 
sional and  State  elections.  Few  people  turned  out,  and  the 
votes  were  all  one  way.  The  population  of  the  town  at  this 
time  must  have  been  nearly  five  hundred  (by  the  census  of 
1800,  it  was  five  hundred  and  sixty-three),  and  ought  to  have 


226 


EASTPORT   ANiJ   rASsAMAQUODDY 


cast  a  much  larger  vote.  It  was  not  easy  getting  to  the 
polls.  Practically  there  were  no  roads.  Travelling  was 
done  in  boats  or  by  walking  along  the  shores  and  beaches. 
The  fact  that  the  meeting-house  was  built  at  a  place  which 
has  never  had  anything  like  a  village  about  it  shows  that  no 
centre  had  yet  begun  to  develop.  Two  or  three  years  later, 
the  land  which  now  comprises  the  busiest  and  most  compact 
part  of  the  town  (the  section  between  Key  and  Washington 
Streets)  was  sold  for  the  trifling  sum  of  eighty  dollars.  In 
selecting  the  site  for  the  first  meeting-house,  the  accommo- 
dation of  worshippers  coming  from  the  neighboring  islands 
must  have  been  considered.  There  seems  to  have  been  a 
disposition  to  consult  the  convenience  of  the  voters  resid- 
ing on  the  main  by  holding  town  meetings  there  part  of  the 
time  j  and  the  polling  place  for  the  annual  State  election  of 
Monday,  April  7,  1799,  was  at  the  house  of  Mr.  Benjamin 
Reynolds  on  Soward's  Neck,  and,  on  closing  the  polls,  the 
vote  stood  as  follow  :  — 

"  Mis  Excellenc},  Increase  Sumner,  governor,  twenty-eight 
votes ;  his  Honor.  Moses  Gill,  lieutenant  governor,  twenty- 
eight  voles ;  the  Honorable  Alexander  Campbell,  senator, 
twenty-eight  votes.     No  negative  appeared." 

Monday,  Nov.  3.  1800,  Nathaniel  Dummer  received  all 
the  votes  cast  for  representative  to  Congress,  first  eastern 
district,  thirteen  in  number,  which  shows  how  little  interest 
was  felt  in  the  election. 

Formerly,  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Reiiresentatives 
was  a  v;uial)le  body,  having  a  larger  number  of  members  on 
some  years  than  others.  In  18 12,  when  there  was  an  excit- 
ing political  contest,  it  consisted  of  seven  hundred  and  forty- 
five  members,  of  whom  two  hundred  and  fourteen  were  from 
Maine.  As  they  occupied  the  same  hall  which  now  accom- 
modates only  two  hundred  and  forty,  there  must  have  been 
pretty  close  stowage.     By  the    constitution  of   the   State,  a 


POLITICAL    insTORY 


227 


town  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  ratable  polls  was  entitled  to 
one  representative,  and  one  for  each  additional  two  hundred 
and  twenty-five  polls.  A  town  could  vote  not  to  send,  and 
would  save  money  by  so  doing ;  for,  while  the  State  paid  the 
travel  of  the  representatives,  the  amount  of  their  per  diem 
allowance  was  charged  back  and  collected  of  the  towns. 
Eastport  seems  first  to  have  become  entitled  to  representa- 
tion in  1805;  for,  at  the  May  election  in  that  year,  it  was 
voted  "  not  to  send."  Similar  action  was  taken  in  1S06  ;  and, 
in  1807,  for  the  first  time,  the  most  eastern  town  in  the  Com- 
monwealth sent  a  representative  to  the  General  Court. 

In  modern  times,  the  addition  of  "I'.sq."  to  a  man's  name 
is  in  most  cases  simply  a  term  of  compliment  or  resj^ect ;  but 
formerly  this  title  had  a  very  definite  meaning,  and  indicated 
important  rank  and  station.  The  word  comes  down  to  us 
from  classic  times,  when  it  meant  a  shield-bearer.  In  the 
days  of  hivalry  an  esquire  was  the  lieutenant  of  a  knight, 
then  in  L.igland  it  belonged  to  the  sons  of  the  nobility,  and 
in  later  days  was  bestowed  upon  all  magistrates.  Our  New 
England  ancestry  were  quite  punctilious  in  their  use  of  titles. 
If  a  man  was  squire  or  deacon,  captain  or  ensign,  he  got  the 
benefit  of  it  whenever  his  name  was  used  ;  and  it  was  not 
every  one  who  could  be  addressed  as  Mr.  (master).  The  or- 
dinary prefix  was  goodman.  It  is  related  that  "in  163 1, 
Sept.  27th,  Josiah  Plaistow  of  Boston,  for  a  misdemeanor  is 
sentenced  by  the  Court  of  Assistants  hereafter  to  be  called 
by  the  name  of  Josiah,  and  not  Mr.  as  formerly  he  used  to 
be."  Magistrates  had  the  title  of  Esq.  as  in  England,  and 
it  v.-a,',  also  allowed  to  representatives  to  the  General  Court ; 
while  members  of  the  State  Senate,  the  lineal  successors  of 
his  Majesty's  Council,  were  Honorable.  Important  military 
titles,  and  sometimes  those  of  a  professional  character,  were 
given  preference  ;  and  not  unfrequently  a  prominent  citizen 
was  given  a  title  at  both  ends  of  his  name.     On   the  town 


'  j!f 


r 


228 


EAS"  PORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


records  it  is  written  that,  at  the  election  of  1806,  Hon, 
David  Cobb,  Esq.,  and  Hon.  Mark  L.  Hill,  Esq.,  each  re- 
ceived fifty-four  votes  for  senators ;  and  in  the  burying- 
ground  at  South  Abington  there  is  the  headstone  of  Col. 
Aaron  Hobart,  Esq.,  who  has  already  been  mentioned.  In 
the  notices  which  follow,  the  intention  is  to  give  in  each  in- 
stance the  title  warranted  by  custom. 

At  the  election  held  ^Nlay  4,  1S07,  Eastport  chose  for  her 
first  representative  Colonel  Oliver  Shead.  He  was  the  son 
of  Oliver  and  Chloe  (Jones)  Shead,  born  in-  Brookline, 
Mass.,  Oct.  29,  1777,  came  to  Eastport  as  clerk  of  Nathan- 
iel Goddard,  who  was  the  second*  merchant  to  establish 
himself  here,  which  he  did  in  the  year  1789.  Afterward, 
Mr.  Shead  connected  himself  in  trade  with  Aaron  Hayden, 
under  the  firm  of  Hayden  &  Shead ;  and  they  succeeded  to 
Mr.  Goddard's  large  business.  He  built  the  first  two-story 
house  on  the  island,  at  the  North  End,  near  where  the  bridge 
now  crosses.  It  has  recently  passed  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
E.  A.  Holmes,  and  lost  its  identity  in  the  improvement 
of  the  estate.  In  1S02,  he  was  appointed  the  first  post- 
master, and  held  the  office  until  his  decease ;  and  he  was 
the  first  coroner,  was  town  treasurer  from  i!r!oo  to  181 1, 
when,  declining  re-election,  he  received  a  vote  of  thanks  in 
town  meeting.  He  owned  the  first  horse  on  the  island.  It 
was  a  vicious,  black  animal,  which  grown  up  children,  who 
had  never  seen  the  like  before,  called  an  ox  without  horns, 
and  smaller  children  called  "the  devil."  He  was  chosen 
second  captain  of  the  town  militia,  John  Shackford  having 
been  the  first.  His  order,  dated  Aug.  16,  1800,  directs  Mr. 
Henry  Wade,  sergeant  of  the  Eastport  militia,  to  notify  and 
warn  the  train  band  of  militia  in   this  town  from  eighteen 


I 


•  The  first  merchant  in  Eastport  was  a  Mr.  W.irroii,  who  came  from  Huston  before 
1789,  and  liailhis  store  on  Clark's  beacli,  near  Clark's  loiljjc,  where  j.  T.  I'ike  iS;  Co.'s 
establislinient  was  in  hiter  years.  He  afterward  moved  tu  Allan's  Island  and  did  busi- 
ness there. 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


129 


years  old  to  forty-five  to  appear  on  parade  at  a  place  called 
Reynolds  Point,  or  Soward's  Neck,  on  Saturday,  the  30th 
day  of  the  month,  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  forenoon,  equipped 
according  to  law  of  military  duty  and  discipline,  etc.* 

Muster  was  held  at  Pleasant  Point,  and  the  Eastport  com- 
pany went  in  boats.  There  was  present,  also,  "ihe  company 
from  along  the  river  up  to  Schoodic,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Thomas  Vose,  and  I  suppose  the  third  company, 
which  included  the  men  of  Dennys  River,  Pennamaquan, 
and  Orangetown.  As  Captain  Shead's  and  Captain  Vose's 
commissions  bore  the  same  date,  there  was  a  serious  dispute 
as  to  which  was  entitled  to  the  right  of  the  line  ;  and  Captain 
Shead  was  arrested  by  Major  Brewer,  and  the  Eastport  com- 
pany placed  under  the  command  of  his  first  lieutenant, 
Jacob  Lincoln.  At  a  later  day,  Captain  Shead  was  tried  by 
court  martial  and  acquitted,  and  was  afterward  chosen  major 
and  then  colonel  of  the  regiment.  When  elected  to  the 
General  Court  in  1S07,  he  was  allowed  for  four  hundred  fifty 
miles  travel,  that  being  the  distance  by  post  road  from  East- 
port  to  Boston;  and  the  only  other  member  from  Washington 
County  at  the  time  was  John  Dickinson,  of  Machias.  In 
1S08,  the  town  voted  not  to  send;  but  Colonel  Shead  was 
re-elected,  1809,  18 10,  and  181 1,  having  the^  last  year  Mr. 
Delesdernier  for  colleague,  the  increased  population  of  the 
town  being  sufficient  for  two  representatives.  Colonel 
Shead  was  a  comparatively  young  man,  only  thirty-six  when 
he  died  at  Eastport,  Nov.  18,  1S13,  being  still  at  the  lime 
postmaster  of  the  town,  and  colonel  of  the  Third  Regiment 
and  Second  Brigade,  Tenth  Division  of  the  militia  of  the 
Commonwealth,  of  whicii  John  Balkam  and  Joseph  Whitney 
were  majors.  In  later  years,  his  son,  also  Oliver  Shead, 
filled  the  same  position  of  postmaster  of  the  town  eight 
years,  from    1837  to   1845  ;   and  his   grandson,  Edward    E. 

•  See  Appendix  E , 


230 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAM AQUODDY 


Shead,  the  publisher  of  this  volume,  is  now  president  of  the 
Frontier  National  Bank. 

At  the  annual  town  meeting,  April  2,  1810,  it  was  "voted 
that  a  committee  be  chosen  by  the  people  of  Sowards  Neck 
to  petition  the  legislature  of  Jloston  to  be  set  off  from  Moose 
Island  and  be  a  town  or  district  by  itself "  ;  and  Samuel 
Yeaton,  Joseph  Clark,  Jr..  and  lienjamin  Reynolds  were 
appointed  the  committee.  The  petition  signed  by  this  com- 
mittee asks  "  that  all  that  part  of  the  town  called  Sowards 
Neck,  Denbos  Nqck,  and  all  the  parts  not  connected  with 
Moose  Island,  mav  be  set  off  into  a  district  bv  the  name  of 
Lubec,  because,  among  other  reasons,  their  interests  which 
are  agricultural  are  materially  different  from  those  of  Moose 
Island,  that  the  municipal  regulations  require  a  different 
arrangement,  and  the  parochial  and  pecuniary  concerns, 
a  different  management,"  etc.  The  petition  is  in  the  hand- 
writing of  Jonathan  1).  Weston,  at  whose  suggestion,  as  I 
have  heard,  the  name  of  Lubec  was  selected.  It  bears  an 
indorsement  showing  that  it  was  sent  to  be  presented  at  the 
May  session,  but  was  received  too  late  for  action.  Xe.xt 
year,  April  i,  iSii,  a  committee  of  si.x  was  appointed  to 
draft  a  bill  for  the  separation  of  Soward's  Neck  from  Moose 
Island,  consisting  of  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  Jabez  ]\Iowry, 
Sherman  Leland.  Samuel  Deals,  Joseph  Clark,  Jr.,  and  Ben- 
jamin Reynolds;  and  at  a  later  meeting.  May  6,  it  was 
voted  to  accept  the  draft  of  the  bill  reported  by  this  com- 
mittee. 

Lubeck,  as  the  name  is  spelled  in  the  act  of  incorporation, 
which  is  dated  June  21,  iSii,  was  the  one  hundred  eighty- 
eiirhth  town  in  Maine.  Ik'siiles  the  mainland,  it  included 
Dudlev,  Frederic,  Mark,  and  Roger's  Islands;  and,  until 
the  population  of  the  town  should  bo  sufficient  to  entitle  it 
to  separate  representation  in  the  legislature,  it  was  to  con- 
tinue to  join  with  Eastpori  in  the  election  of  representatives, 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


2.^1 


and  to  pay  its  proportion  of  the  expenses  thereof,  and,  at  the 
meeting  for  such  purpose,  the  selectmen  of  Eastport  were  to 
preside. 

By  the  separation  of  Lul^ec,  the  town  was  greatly  reduced 
in  its  proportions,  and  became  in  territory  about  the  smallest 
municipality  in  the  State.  Eastport  did  not  as  heretofore 
include  within  its  borders  the  extreme  eastern  point  of  land 
in  the  United  States.  It  used  to  be  supposed  that  Todd's 
Head  was  the  jumping-off  place,  as  it  was  called ;  and  even 
so  competent  a  historian  as  Mr.  Weston  publishes  the  state- 
ment, and  a  good  deal  of  sentiment  has  been  wasted  by 
visitors  who  have  gone  there  with  the  supposition  that  they 
had  reached  the  most  eastern  extreme  of  the  republic, 
though  West  Quoddy  Head  in  Lubec  (its  Indian  name  is 
Cheburn)  is  nearly  a  mile  farther  east. 

This  division  of  the  town  naturally  closes  the  first  chapter 
of  its  history.  The  censifs  of  iSio  showed  a  population  of 
1,511,  all  of  three  times  what  it  was  when  incorporated  a 
dozen  years  before.  The  increase  had  not  been  a  steady, 
healthy  growth.  The  embargo  and  the  other  restrictive 
measures  which  preceded  the  second  war  with  Great  Britain, 
while  they  closed  the  regular  avenues  of  commercial  inter- 
course between  the  two  countries,  turned  it  into  illegitimate 
channels,  and  sent  to  this  frontier  a  Ivirde  of  adventurers  ; 
and  vast  quantities  of  merchandise  were  taken  out  of  the 
country  as  well  as  brought  in,  in  defiance  of  official  inter- 
ference. The  stirring  incidents  of  this  period,  as  well  as 
those  of  the  war  which  followed,  have  already  been  faithfully 
and  graphically  related,  and  can  only  be  hinted  at  here. 
The  effect-upon  the  morals  as  well  as  the  rc|.nitation  of  the 
place  was  decidedly  injurious,  ami  during  these  years  but 
little  was  done  to  promote  the  higher  interests  of  the  com- 
munity. 

One  notable  event  was  the  erection  in  1809  of  the  school- 


f  m 


w 

\  i 


232 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


house  at  the  head  of  Eoynton  Street,  on  land  which  had 
been  presented  to  the  town  by  Caleb  Boynton,  the  original 
proprietor,  and  had  already  been  the  site  of  a  smaller  school- 
house,  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  the  winter  of  1808-9. 
The  new  edifice,  long  familiarly  known  as  the  Old  South, 
did  excellent  service  in  the  thirty-six  j'ears  of  its  existence, 
when  it,  too,  was  burned,  to  be  replaced  by  the  Boyn- 
ton School-house.  For  many  years  it  was  occupied  on 
Sunday  for  religious  worship  by  different  societies,  before 
they  were  able  to  build  meeting-houses.  It  was  the  place 
for  lectures  and  exhibitions.    Town  meetings  were  held  here, 

and  during  the  British 
occupation  it  was  used 
as  a  theatre.  During 
this  period,  also,  the 
United  States  made 
two  important  construc- 
tions within  the  limits 
of  the  town, —  one  the 
battery  and  barracks 
at  Fort  Sullivan,  and 
the  other  the  light- 
house at  West  Quoddy. 
An  important  local  event  of  the  time  was  the  institution 
of  Eastern  Lodge  of  F.  A.  Masons  on  the  iiih  of  Au- 
gust, 180 1,  at  the  house  at  Todd's  Head,  then  owned  and 
occupied  by  John  C.  Todd,  which  is  still  standing,  well 
known  as  the  residence  of  the  late  Nathan  Bucknam.  In 
the  Masonic  records,  the  lodge-room  is  called  "  Mantuan 
Hall."  The  petitioners  for  the  charter  were  among  the  lead- 
ing men  of  the  section  :  Daniel  Putnam  Upton,  the  first 
lawyer  in  practice  here,  whose  son,  George  B.  Upton,  born 
on  the  main  in  Eastport,  was  afterward  a  prominent  Boston 
merchant ;    Oliver    Shead,    the   first   representative   of    the 


WKST  I,>U0|1I)V    I.ir.llT,    HUII.T    iSoi). 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


233 


General  Court  and  first  postmaster;  Louis  Frederic  Deles- 
dernier,  the  first  collector  of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy ; 
General  John  Brewer,  of  Robbinston,  the  first  of  that  rank 
on  the  frontier ;  Hopley  Yeaton,  commander  of  the  first  rev- 
enue cutter  on  the  station ;  Abijah  Sherman,  Joshua  Chase, 
and  William  Ramsdell. 

This  was  a  time  of  sharp  political  Cvtntests  throughout  the 
country.  In  the  earlier  years,  Eastport  generally  gave  a 
majority  for  the  Federal  candidates  ;  but,  after  1806,  the 
vote  was  largely  for  the  Republican,  or,  as  it  was  getting  to 
be  called,  the  Democratic  party.  Sometimes  but  little  inter- 
est was  taken  ; 
and  in  18 10 
only  thirty-one 
votes  were  cast 
for  representa- 
tive, of  which 
Colonel  Shead 
received  twen- 
ty-two, and  was 
elected. 

It  needs  to 
be  remembered 
that  at  this  time 
there  was  a 
property  test ;  and  no  one  could  vote  unless  he  had  real 
estate  in  town  of  the  rental  value  of  ^3  (Sio)  a  year,  or  other 
property  amounting  to  /"60  ($200).  I  remember  hearing  my 
father  say  that,  when  he  became  of  age,  which  was  only  a  few 
days  before  election,  there  was  some  talk  about  his  voting, 
and  he  suggested  that,  being  just  out  of  his  time  and  without 
property,  he  did  not  see  how  he  had  a  right  to  vote  ;  but  the 
officers  of  Plantation  No.  2  said:  "Why,  of  course  Daniel 
has  a  right  to  vote.     He  has  got  his  clothes  and   his  watch  ; 


MASONIC    IlAl.L. —  iSol. 


i.tU;..- 


w 


234 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


and,  of  course,  a  young  man  like  him  is  worth  $200."  So  his 
name  was  put  on  the  list ;  but  he  never  felt  just  right  about 
it,  and  was  glad  when  the  law  was  repealed. 

The  following  extract  is  made  from  the  town  records  of 
the  time  :  — 

At  a  legal  meeting  held  on  the  24tli  day  of  October,  1S03, 
agreeably  to  warrant  the  following  business  was  transacted. 

1st  Chose  Aaron  Hayden  moderator. 

2nd  The  report  of  the  Selectmen  respecting  the  road  from 
Mr.  Shackford's  to  the  Meeting  House  was  read.  On  motion, 
Will  the  town  accept  the  road  agreeable  to  the  report  and  survey 
of  the  same,  it  passed  in  the  negative.  Voted  that  the  town 
accept  the  road  as  laid  out  from  Mr.  Shackford's  to  Mr.  Todd's 
northern  line. 


This  was  Water  Street.  Judge  Burgin  fought  hard  to 
have  it  laid  out  of  suitable  width ;  but  it  seemed  impossible 
to  convince  the  inhabitants  that  anything  more  spacious  than 
a  foot-path  where  two  hand-barrows  could  pass  each  other 
was  needed.  They  considered  it  a  waste  of  land  and  ex- 
pense in  building  to  put  over  twenty  feet  into  the  width  of  a 
highway  along  that  shore,  and  it  was  not  until  after  the  fire 
of  '"39"  that  the  street  was  improved  to  its  present  width. 
The  following  list  gives  the  names  of  those  who  filled  the 
most  important  town  offices  during  this  first  period  :  — 

Moderators:  Jonathan  Leavitt,  1798  and  1799;  William 
Allan,  1800;  Oliver  Shead,  1801  ;  John  Allan,  1802  ;  Lemuel 
Trescott,  1S03  and  1807;  Aaron  Hayden,  1804;  John  Bur- 
gin,  1805,  1806,  1808,  1S09,  and  1810.  Town  clerks:  Jacob 
Lincoln,  1798  and  part  of  1799:  Joseph  Y.  Burgin,  1799, 
1800,  1801,  and  1802  ;  Benjamin  R.  Jones,  1803  and  1804  ; 
Jonathan  U.  Weston,  1805,  1S06,  and  1807  ;  Thomas  Burn- 
ham,  1808,  1809,  1810.  Treasurers:  Lemuel  Trescott,  part 
of  179S;   James  Bradbury,   1798  nnd   1799;    Oliver    Shead, 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


235 


1800  to  18 10  inclusive.  Selectmen :  John  Burgin,  1798, 
1799,  1800,  1801,  1803,  1804,  1805,  1S06,  and  1809;  Paul 
Johnson,  1798;  William  Clark,  Sen.,  1798;  Benjamin  Rey- 
nolds, 1799,  1809;  James  Bradbury,  1799;  Jonathan  Leavitt, 
1800;  William  Allan,  1800,  1803;  Lemuel  Trescott,  1801, 
1804,  and  1S05  ;  Jacob  Lincoln,  1801  ;  Samuel  Tuttle,  1802  ; 
Jonathan  M.  Owen,  1802 ;  Jacob  Clark,  1S02 ;  John  C. 
Todd,  1803,  1804,  1805,  and  1810;  L.  F.  Delesdernier,  1806; 
Josiah  Dana,  1806;  Aaron  Hayden,  1807;  Rufus  Hallowell, 

1807  ;  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  1807  and  1808  ;  Samuel  Wheeler, 

1808  J  Joseph  Clark,  Jr.,  180S ;  Thomas  Burnham,  1S08 ; 
Thomas  Rice,  1810;  Jerry  Burgin,  1810. 

At  the  election  of  April  3,  181 1,  the  town  having  become 
entitled  to  two  representatives,  Lewis  Frederic  Delesdernier, 
Esq.,  was  chosen  as  colleague  to  Colonel  Shead.  When  the 
Revolutionary  War  broke  out,  a  considerable  body  of  people 
in  Cumberland  County,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  in 
Nova  Scotia,  were  in  sympathy  with  the  American  cause. 
An  expedition  was  organized  to  attempt  the  capture  of  Fort 
Cumberland,  which  was  garrisoned  by  British  troops ;  but 
it  failed  most  disastrously,  and  those  concerned  in  it  were 
obliged  to  make  their  escape  as  best  they  could.  Among 
the  number  was  a  young  man  by  the  name  of  Lewis  Freder- 
ick Delesdernier,  whose  parents,  natives  of  Geneva  in  Switz- 
erland, had  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia  a  few  years  before  his 
birth,  in  175 1.  After  the  defeat,  he  with  others  made  his 
way  over  to  the  North  Shore,  ihen  along  to  the  St.  Jolin 
River,  and,  under  the  guidance  of  the  Indians,  up  and 
across  the  wilderness  to  Machias,  where  he  found  Colonel 
John  Allan,  who  had  come  from  the  same  neighborhood, 
in  command  of  the  American  forces  and  superintendent  of 
the  Indians  in  the  Eastern  department.  By  a  commission 
dated  May  18,  1777,  Colonel  Allan  made  young  Delesdernier 
his  secretary,  with  the  rank  of  lieutenant  in  the  Continental 


?! 


236 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


I      SI  l'-L_ 


■.|„'Mli: 


Army.  While  in  this  service,  he  was  decoyed  on  board  a 
British  armed  vessel,  which  had  come  into  the  vicinity  dis- 
guised as  a  trader,  sent  to  Halifax,  and  held  as  a  prisoner  of 
war  until  he  was  exchanged. 

His  connection  with  Albert  Gallatin,  who  afterward  be- 
came a  distinguished  American  statesman  and  financier,  is 
worthy  of  being  related.  Gallatin,  who  came  of  a  prominent 
Swiss  family,  was  born  at  Geneva  in  1761,  and  graduated  at 
the  university  of  that  city  in  1779.  His  friends  desired  him 
to  accept  a  position  and  remain  near  home  ;  but  he  was 
determined  to  come  to  America,  and  take  pari  in  our  strug- 
gle for  liberty.  His  friend,  Henri  Serre,  accompanied  him  ; 
and  they  landed  at  Cape  Ann  July  14,  1780.  They  had 
letters  of  introduction  from  Benjamin  Franklin  to  his  son-in- 
law,  Richard  IJache,  Postmaster-General  at  Philadelphia,  and 
Lady  Julianne  Penn  also  wrote  John  Penn,  Esq.,  of  the  same 
city ;  but,  after  riding  on  horseback  from  Gloucester  to  Bos- 
ton, they  took  refuge  at  a  French  coffee-house  in  Fore  (now 
North)  Street,  kept  by  one  Tahon,  and  here  they  met  a 
Genevese  woman,  and  glad,  in  their  homesick  condition,  to 
find  one  who  could  talk  their  language,  they  were  quite  ready 
to  make  new  plans  and  go  among  her  friends.  The  story  is 
best  told  in  letters  written  by  them  to  another  friend,  Isare 
BadoUet,  theological  student,  who  remained  at  Geneva. 
These  are  published  in  the  original  French  in  Adams's  Life 
of  Gallatin  ;  and  from  them  the  following  free  translation  has 
been  made  :  — 


Machias,  27  Sept.,  1780. 

I  am  going  to  tell  in  detail  the  state  of  our  affairs.  In  the 
house  where  we  lived  in  Boston  we  met  a  woman  who  had  mar- 
ried a  man  from  Geneva,  named  Lesdernier  of  Russin,  and  of 
whom  I  believe  I  have  told  you  a  few  words  in  one  of  my  preced- 
ing letters.  It  was  thirty  years  since  he  came  to  establish  himself 
in   Nova   Scotia.    You  know  that  this  province  and  Canada  are 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


237 


the  only  ones  that  remain  under  the  British  yoke.  A  portion  of  the 
inhabitants  of  the  former  attempted  to  revolt  two  or  three  years 
ago,  but  not  having  been  sustained  they  were  obliged  to  tiee  to 
New  England,  and  among  them  was  one  of  the  sons  of  De  Lesdcr- 
nier.  He  came  to  this  place,  where  he  was  made  lieutenant.  He 
was  afterward  taken  prisoner  and  carried  to  Halifax,  the  capital 
of  Nova  Scotia.  His  father  went  to  see  him  in  prison,  and  made 
him  more  comfortable  until  he  should  be  exchanged.  He  suffered 
much  that  was  disagreeable  from  his  friends,  who  reprimanded 
him  with  having  a  son  among  the  rebels.  He  had  afterward  a 
portion  of  his  property  taken  by  the  Americans  while  he  was 
trying  to  transport  it  by  sea  from  one  place  to  another  where  he 
was  going  to  establish  himself.  The  hope  of  recovering  them  if 
he  came  to  Boston,  together  with  the  memory  of  the  affair  of  his 
son,  led  him  to  leave  Nova  Scotia  with  another  of  his  sons  (three 
others  being  in  the  service  of  the  King  of  England)  and  his  wife. 
When  he  came  to  Boston,  not  having  been  able  to  recover  any- 
thing, he  had  gone  to  Baltimore  in  Maryland,  to  see  if  he  could 
find  anything  to  do  there,  and  on  the  arrival  of  the  French  fleet 
in  Rhode  Island  he  went  there  and  took  a  priest  {Capucin)  to 
serve  as  a  missionary  among  the  Indians  in  this  place,  for  they 
are  partly  French  and  all  Catholics.  At  the  same  time,  finding  it 
difficult  to  dispose  of  our  tea,  and  seeing  the  obstacles  to  com- 
merce on  the  Pennsvlvania  coast,  we  exchanged  it  for  the  mer- 
chandise  of  the  islands,*  and  decided  to  come  here  and  buy  fish 
and  make  trade  with  the  Indians  for  furs.  Machias  is  the  last 
place  on  the  north-east  of  New  England,  about  one  hundred 
leagues  from  Boston,  in  the  District  of  Maine,  which  belongs  to 
the  State  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  It  is  only  fifteen  years  since 
they  have  founded  a  settlement,  which  is  very  poor  because  of  the 
war,  and  which  consists  of  only  one  hundred  fifty  families  spread 
over  a  space  of  three  to  four  leagues.  We  are  in  the  principal 
settlement,  where  there  is  a  fort.  Colonel  Allan  commandant  of 
the  place  and  superintendent  of  all  the  Indians  who  are  between 
Canada,  Nova  Scotia  and  Xew  England  and  all  the  officers.  Les- 
dernier,  the  son,  with  whom  we  live,  is  a  very  fine  fellow.  We 
shall  pass  the  winter  here  and  probably  take  some  of  the  land 

*  Produce  of  the  West  India  Islands,  rum,  sugar,  tobacco,  etc. 


mr 


■1  r 


238 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


next  spring;  not  here,  but  a  little  farther  to  the  north  or  south, 
where  it  is  better. 

They  seem  to  have  enjoyed  themselves  at  Machias.     Scrrc 
writes :  — 

My  dear  Friend  Badollet, —  We  are  here  in  a  country  which  I 
think  you  would  like.  We  live  in  the  midst  of  the  forest,  upon  the 
border  of  a  river.  We  can  hunt,  fish,  or  bathe,  and  go  on  skates 
(?)  when  we  please.  At  present,  we  roast  ducks  before  a  good  fire  ; 
and,  what  is  better,  we  cut  the  wood  in  the  forest  ourselves.  You 
know  how  we  amuse  ourselves  at  Geneva  in  sailing  a  boat.  Well, 
I  amuse  myself  bettor  here  navigating  the  canoes  of  the  Indians. 
They  are  constructed  of  birch  bark,  and  are  charming  to  go  with 
one  or  two  inside.  One  can  lie  down  in  them  as  in  fi  bed,  and  can 
paddle  at  his  ease.  Tiiere  is  not  a  little  stream  which  has  n( 
water  enough  for  one  of  these  pretty  craft.  Once  I  descende 
very  slight  little  river.  The  weather  was  superb.  I  saw  mc 
ows  at  two  feet  from  me.  I  was  reclining  in  the  canoe  upon  a 
blanket.  There  was  so  little  water  that  I  seemed  to  glide  along 
upon  the  reeds  and  grass.  I  do  joiners' work, —  carpenter  work. 
I  draw,  I  play  the  violin.  There  is  no  deviltry  {diablerie)  that  I 
do  not  amuse  myself  with.  Remember,  with  all,  that  we  are  here 
in  company  with  five  Genevans,  male  and  female.  It  is  true  that 
three  of  them  were  born  in  America,  but  they  have  none  the  less 
preserved  the  republican  blood  of  their  ancestors  ;  and  M.  Lesder- 
nier,  the  son,  born  in  this  continent  of  a  Genevese  father,  is  the 
one  of  all  the  Americans  that  I  have  seen  the  most  zealous  and 
full  of  enthusiasm  for  the  liberty  of  his  country. 


And  in  another  letter:  — 

I  hope  you  will  come  next  summer  to  aid  me  in  paddling  in  an 
Indian  canoe.  We  will  go  up  the  river  St.  John  and  the  St.  Law- 
rence, and  visit  Canada. 

Writing  to  a  friend  many  years  after,  in  1846,  Gallatin 
said  he  twice  went  to  Passamaquoddy  as  a  volunteer  under 
Colonel  Allan;  and  the  first  time,  in  November,   1780,  he 


POLITICAL   HISTORY 


239 


was  for  a  few  days  left  in  command  of  some  militia  volun- 
teers and  Indians,  and  of  a  small  temporary  work  defended 
by  one  cannon,  which  was  afterward  abandoned.  In  those 
early  days,  when  but  little  land  had  been  laid  down  to  <jrass, 
great  store  was  set  on  the  natural  meadows;  and  Mr.  Deles- 
dernier  told  the  late  I.  R.  Chadbourne  that  Mr.  Gallatin 
helped  him  cut  hay  on  Frost's  meadow,  on  the  borders  of 
Boyden  Lake. 

The  next  year,  the  two  young  Swiss  returned  to  Boston ; 
and  Gallatin  found  employment  in  teaching  French  at  Har- 
vard College.  Shortly  after,  he  went  to  Virginia,  where  he 
made  some  purchases  of  land.  Then,  removing  to  Pennsyl- 
vania, he  became  a  member  of  the  convention  to  revise  the 
constitution  of  the  State.  In  1793,  he  was  chosen  United 
States  senator,  but  dt  larcd  not  eligible,  as  sufficient  time 
had  not  expired  since  h(  took  the  oath  of  allegiance,  in  1785. 
In  I  So  I,  President  Jeffe  -on  appointed  him  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  which  office  he  held  until  18x3.  In  1813  he  was 
one  of  the  United  States  commissioners  to  negotiate  the 
treaty  of  peace  at  Ghent,  in  18 15  minister  to  France,  and 
minister  to  Great  Britain  in  1826.  He  lived  a  retired  life  in 
his  later  years,  and  died  in  1S49. 

After  the  close  of  the  Revolution,  Mr.  Delesdernier  moved 
to  Passamaquoddy.  He  was  the  successor  of  Samuel  Tuttle, 
the  first  collector  of  excise  under  the  laws  of  Massachusetts, 
and  at  that  time  lived  on  the  small  island  known  in  the 
boundary  disputes  as  Frederic  Island.  Afterward,  Solomon 
Rice  kept  store  there,  and  it  got  the  name  of  Rice's  Island. 
When  the  United  States  revenue  system  was  established, 
Lewis  Frederic  Delesdernier  was  appointed,  on  3d  of  August, 
1789,  first  collector  of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy.  In 
1795,  the  first  post-office  was  established  in  this  section  ;  and 
he  was  appointed  postmaster.  Mails  came  along  once  a 
fortnight,  brought   by    a   man    on    foot.     He   then  lived   at 


M 


■* 


( 


! 


1  ' 


'40 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Flagg's  Point  in  the  Narrows,  on  the  shore  of  a  wilderness, 
with  only  one  other  house  near  at  hand ;  and,  as  he  was  col- 
lector and  postmaster  for  the  entire  region,  it  is  apparent 
that  business  was  not  brisk.  The  post-office  was  abolished 
in  1805,  there  having  been  one  established  on  Moose  Island. 
In  Lederney's  Point,  near  his  old  residence,  his  name  is  pre- 
served, though  afterward  it  came  to  be  pronounced  accord- 
ing to  the  English  spelling,  and  sometimes  only  the  first  two 
syllables  were  used. 

When   business  began    to   develop  on  Moose  Island,   he 
moved  over,  and  set  up  his  office  on  the  shore  below  Shack- 
ford's  Cove ;  and  the  way  leading  to  it  still  retains  the  name 
of  Custom  House  Street.     The  passage  of  the  Embargo  Act 
in  1807,  by  which  exportation  of  merchandise  to  Great  Brit- 
ain and  its  dependencies  was  prohibited  by  law,  and  the 
enormous  temptations  for  its  violation  on  the  frontier,  placed 
the  collector  in  a  most  trying  position,  as  he  with  the  forces 
under  his  control  was  expected  to  prevent  it.    And  it  is  not  at 
all  surprising  that  the  affairs  of  his  office  got  into  a  state  of 
great  confusion  ;    and,  although  the  head   of  the  Treasury 
Department  was  his  old  friend  Gallatin,  who  would  be  dis- 
posed to  favor  him  if  possible,  it  was  found  necessary  to 
make  a  change  in  the  office,  and  Major  Lemuel   Trescott, 
the  collector  of  Machias,  was  appointed  in  his  place  in  181 1. 
At  a  later  date,  his  accounts  were   satisfactorily  arranged 
with  the  department.     The  same   year  he  was  chosen  rep- 
resentative to  the  General  Court   as   colleague  to  Colonel 
Shead,  and  in  18 12  was  again  elected  with  Mr.  Leland.     For 
his  services  in  the  Revolution  he  received,  by  vote  of  Con- 
gress, a  liberal  grant  of  land  in  Ohio.     He  died  at  or  near 
Calais  in  183 1.     His  son.  Honorable  William  Delesdernier, 
at  one  time  an  Eastport  merchant,  was  an  energetic  Demo- 
cratic politician,  high  sheriff  of  Washington   County,  repre- 
sented the  Baileyville  class  in  the  State  legislature,  and  at 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


241 


the  time  of  his  decease,  which  took  place  when  the  legislature 
was  in  session,  was  senator  from  the  district  which  included 
the  northern  townships  of  Washington  County  and  the  whole 
of  the  then  sparselj'  settled  county  of.  Aroostook.  Mrs. 
Emily  Pierpont  Delesdernier,  daughter  of  the  old  collector, 
was  author  of  several  works  of  fiction.  A  grandson,  Lewis 
Frederick  Delesdernier,  now  of  Houston,  Texas,  served  in 
the  Confederate  navy  during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  ;  and 
another  grandson,  who  was  in  the  Southern  army,  died  of 
wounds  received  at  the  battle  of  Manassas. 

The  third  representative  chosen  from  Eastport  was  Hon- 
orable Sherman  Leland,  who  was  elected  May  4,  18 12,  as 
colleague  of  Mr.  Delesdernier.  He  was  son  of  Eleazer  and 
Elizabeth  (Sherman)  Leland,  born  in  Grafton,  Mass.,  March 
29,  1783.  While  and  after  teaching,  he  studied  law  in  sev- 
eral offices,  the  last  of  which  was  that  of  Honorable  Edward 
Bangs  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  where  he  was  admitted  to  the 
bar  in  December,  1S09.  He  came  to  Eastport  immediately 
after,  and  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  about 
Jan.  I,  18 10,  and,  though  an  entire  stranger,  soon  obtained 
a  fair  share  of  business.  His  office  stood  near  the  foot  of 
Washington  Street.  He  also  began  to  take  an  interest  in 
public  matters  soon  after  arrival.  In  July,  18 10,  was  chosen 
ensign  in  the  militia,  and  in  February,  181 1,  promoted  to 
lieutenant.  In  October  of  the  same  year,  he  received  from 
the  governor  of  the  State  the  appointment  of  county  attor- 
ney for  Washington  County.  In  18 12,  he  was  elected  select- 
man and  representative  to  the  legislature.  After  the  break- 
ing out  of  the  war,  he  was  in  December,  1812,  made  first 
lieutenant  in  the  corps  of  volunteer  troops  raised  by  the 
government  to  serve  on  the  eastern  frontier,  and  April  12, 
18 13,  was  appointed  captain  in  the  Thirty-fourth  Regiment 
of  the  United  States  army,  stationed  at  Eastport  and  Rob- 
binston,  until  in  June,  18 14,  he  resigned,  and  returned  to  the 


242 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


practice  of  his  profession.  Soon  after  tlie  capture  of  the 
island,  he  left  this  part  of  the  country,  and  settled  in  Rox- 
bury,  Mass.,  which  town  he  represented  in  the  General  Court 
in  i8iS,  1819,  1820,  1821,  and  1825,  and  when  the  separa- 
tion of  the  State  of  Maine  was  being  arranged  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  committee  which  had  the  matter  in  charge.  In 
1820,  he  was  chosen  delegate  to  the  convention  for  the  revi- 
sion of  the  constitution  of  Massachusetts.  In  1823,  1824, 
i8?8,  and  1829  he  was  a  senator  from  Norfolk  County,  and 
in  1828  president  of  the  State  Senate.  In  1S26,  Harvard 
College  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Master 
of  Arts.  He  was  appointed  Judge  of  Probate  for  Norfolk 
County  in  1830,  and  continued  to  hold  that  office  until  his 
decease,  Nov.  19,  1853.  His  eldest  son,  Edwin  Sherman 
Leland,  born  at  Dennysville  in  18 12,  has  for  many  years 
been  a  practising  lawyer  at  Ottawa,  La  Salle  County,  111. ; 
and  William  Sherman  Leland,  grandson  of  Judge  Leland, 
and  a  graduate  of  Harvard  College,  is  a  lawyer  in  Boston. 
Representative  Leland  was  allowed  for  four  hundred  and 
two  miles  travel  from  Mastport  to  Boston,  the  distance  by 
post  road  having  been  reduced  to  that  length  from  four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  miles  on  Colonel  Shead's  first  trip. 

The  disagreements  between  the  two  governments,  which 
had  been  the  cause  of  the  various  acts  of  embargo  and  non- 
intercourse,  finally  culminated  in  the  declaration  by  Congress 
on  the  i8th  of  June,  1812,  that  war  existed  between  Great 
Britain  and  the  United  States.  When  the  news  reached 
Eastport  several  days  later,  there  was  much  excitement  and 
confusion.  A  number  of  the  citizens  took  immediate  steps  to 
move  their  families  and  goods  to  less  exposed  places,  and 
many  went  away.  '*  The  inhabitants  on  both  sides  of  the 
boundary  line,  feeling,  that  the  injuries  which  they  could  in- 
rtict  on  one  another  would  only  imbitter  their  own  lives 
without  helping  either  government,  and  bound  together  by 


POLITICAL    HLSTORY 


245 


ties  of  business,  consanguinity,  and  friendship,  determined  to 
mutually  discourage  predatory  excursions,  and  to  live  on  as 
amicable  terms  as  the  state  of  affairs  would  allow.  To  a 
very  considerable  extent,  this  resolution  was  adhered  to 
throughout  the  conflict." 

At  the  election.  May  3,  18 13,  it  was  voted  to  send  one  rep- 
resentative ;  and  Jonathan  Delesdernier  Weston,  Esq.,  was 
chosen.  He  was  son  of  Jonathan  and  Lucy  (Parker) 
Weston,  born  at  Reading,  Mass.,  April  30,  17S2.  He  grad- 
uated from  Harvard  College  in  1802.  Soon  after,  he  began 
the  practice  of  law  at  Columbia  in  this  county,  but  at  the 
end  of  a  few  months  removed  to  Eastport,  where  he  entered 
the  office  of  Daniel  Putnam  Upton,  Esq.  Evidently,  lawyers 
were  then  considered  valuable  additions  to  the  community,  to 
be  allowed  the  privileges  of  citizenship  without  waiting  for 
the  expiration  of  the  legal  term  of  residence.  The  town 
records  show  that  on  the  3d  of  November,  iSoo,  it  was 
voted  that  "Daniel  P.  Upton  should  become  and  be  consid- 
ered a  citizen  of  Eastport,"  and  on  the  24th  of  October, 
1803,  "Mr.  Jonathan  D.  Weston  was  voted  an  inhabitant  of 
this  town  "  ;  and  I  do  not  find  that  new-comers  of  any  other 
class  or  profession  were  ever  favored  in  a  similar  way.  Mr. 
Weston  began  immediately  to  take  an  interest  in  town  affairs, 
which  continued  through  the  remainder  of  his  life.  He  was 
early  chosen  town  clerk,  in  1S05,  1806,  and  1807,  and  again 
in  his  last  years,  1832,  1S33,  and  1834,  and  served  as  select- 
man and  moderator,  besides  tilling  other  town  offices,  and 
was  also  appointeil  county  attorney  for  Washington  County. 
When,  after  the  treaty  of  Ghent,  the  Holmes  Barclay  com- 
mission was  organized  in  1816  to  settle  the  disputed  nation- 
ality of  the  Passamaquoddy  islands  and  Grand  Manan,  Hon. 
James  T.  Austin,  of  Boston,  represented  the  United  States 
as  agent  and  advocate  ;  and  Mr.  Weston,  who  was  selected 
as  his  assistant,  did  a  good   deal  of  work  in  collecting  evi- 


II 


iTf" 


244 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


'ii 


dence  and  making  up  the  American  side  of  the  case.  In 
1820,  Bowdoin  College  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary 
degree  of  Master  of  Arts ;  and  he  was  an  early  member  of 
the  Maine  Historical  Society.  For  a  number  of  years  he 
was  deputy  collector  of  customs,  and  while  the  collector's 
office  was  at  Lubec  a  large  share  of  the  customs  business 
of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy  was  done  by  him  in  the 
little  hip-roofed  building  opposite  the  foot  of  Washington 
Street. 

By  education  and  experience,  Mr.  Weston  was  well  quali- 
fied to  write  the  history  of  Eastport  to  his  own  time ;  and, 
after  the  organization  of  the  Eastport  Lyceum,  he  was  called 
upon  to  deliver  a  lecture  on  that  subject.  He  was  in  failing 
health  at  the  time  ;  but  the  lecture  which  he  prepared  was 
read  on  two  evenings  of  April,  1834,  by  his  son,  William 
Nelson  Weston,  himself  a  lawyer  and  a  graduate  of  Bowdoin 
College,  who  died  four  years  later  in  Florida,  where  he  had 
gone  for  the  benefit  of  his  health.  The  lecture  was  after- 
ward published  in  a  neat  pamphlet  of  sixty-one  pages,  by 
Marsh,  Capen  &  Lyon  of  Boston,  and  is  reprinted  in  the 
first  chapter  of  this  volume.  Mr.  Weston  died  on  the  third 
day  of  October,  1834,  in  the  house  which  he  built  in  1810, 
and  which  is  still  standing  at  the  corner  of  Boynton  and 
Middle  Streets,  bearing  his  name  and  owned  by  his  descend- 
ants. 

At  the  election  May  5,  1814,  it  was  voted  "not  to  send  a 
representative  to  the  General  Court  for  the  year  ensuing." 
Perhaps  no  one  whom  the  town  would  be  likely  to  select 
cared  tD  go.  Under  the  conditions  of  the  time,  the  journey 
between  Eastport  and  Boston  was  by  no  means  a  desirable 
one  to  take,  even  though  the  Commonwealth  paid  the  ex- 
penses. On  the  land  route,  for  only  a  small  portion  of  the 
way  were  there  regular  means  of  conveyance.  The  roads 
east  of  the  Penobscot  ran  mostly  through  the  forest,  were 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


J  45 


bad  almost  beyond  description,  and  could  only  be  traversed 
on  foot  or  horseback  ;  and  British  cruisers  had  driven  about 
all  sailing  craft  from  the  coast,  except  open  boats,  which 
hugged  the  shore  by  day  and  made  harbor  at  night. 

Two  months  later,  when  steps  had  already  been  taken 
toward  negotiating  peace  between  the  combatants,  suddenly 
and  unexpectedly  on  the  nth  of  July,  1814,  a  British  fleet 
appeared  in  the  harbor,  with  transports  having  on  board  a 
large  body  of  troops ;  and  the  island  was  captured,  and  its 
inhabitants  put  under  the  rule  of  martial  law.  This  foreign 
rule  continued  for  four  years,  until  on  the  30th  of  June, 
18 18,  the  British  troops  departed,  and  the  place  returned  to 
its  natural  allegiance.  During  the  years  of  subjection,  by 
permission  of  the  captors,  the  local  affairs  of  the  town  were 
managed  under  the  old  forms  of  town  government ;  but  no 
State  elections  were  held,  nor  was  there  any  representation 
in  the  General  Court.  As  far  as  the  State  and  national  gov- 
ernments were  concerned,  the  island  might  as  well  have 
been  foreign  territory ;  yet  it  was  called  upon  for  its  propor- 
tion of  the  State  taxes,  and  at  one  town  meeting  General 
John  Cooper,  the  high  sheriff  of  the  county,  appeared  with 
a  warrant  to  enforce  its  payment.  At  a  meeting  held  Dec. 
19,  1817,  it  was 

Voted,  That  the  committee  appointed  to  collect  facts  respecting 
taxes  collected  since  the  capture  of  the  island  be  authorized  to 
draft  a  petition  for  the  inhabitants  of  ICastport  to  the  Legislature 
of  Massachusetts,  for  the  remission  of  these  taxes  since  the  capt- 
ure of  the  ishmd,  and  also  forward  it  to  the  Legislature  through 
such  cliannel  as  they  may  tliink  proper. 

It  appears  from  the  Massachusetts  legislative  records  that 
a  committee,  of  which  their  old  friend  Sherman  Leland,  of 
Roxbury,  was  chairman,  reported  a  bill,  which  passed  Jan. 
23,  1819,  remitting  the  State  taxes  assessed  upon  Eastport 


i'. 


:! 


li 


\h 


:i 


246 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


for  the  years  18 15,  18 16,  18 17,  and  18 18,  except  eighty-six 
dollars  of  the  tax  of  18 15  for  the  sum  paid  their  representa- 
tive for  the  year  18 13.  It  will  be  remembered  that  the  State 
collected  of  the  towns  the  per  diem  allowance  paid  their 
representatives  to  the  General  Court,  if  they  chose  to  send 
such.     So  this  is  what  Mr.  Weston  got  besides  his  mileage. 

The  attempt  on  the  part  of  the  British  authorities  to 
enforce  the  payment  of  certain  bonds  given  to  the  United 
States  for  duties  on  imports,  which  were  found  in  the  custom- 
house at  the  time  of  the  capture  of  Eastport,  compelled  the 
signers,  who  were  the  principal  merchants  of  the  town,  to 
make  sudden  flight.  They  went  over  to  Lubec  Narrows 
(Flagg's  Point),  where  there  were  but  two  houses  on  the 
shore  edge  of  the  woods,  and  there  started  a  new  town,  built 
wharves,  stores,  and  dwellings,  established  a  large  com- 
merce ;  and  w.ien  at  length  Eastport  was  relieved  of  her 
foreign  masters,  and  ready  to  go  to  work  again,  she  found 
a  sturdy,  well-equipped  rival  waiting  to  compete  with  her  for 
the  trade  of  the  frontier. 

At  this  point  closes  another  and  the  most  romantic  chap- 
ter of  the  history  of  the  town,  the  story  of  which,  as  graph- 
ically related  in  Mr.  Sabine's  valuable  papers,  appears  in  the 
preceding  chapters  of  this  volume.  Between  the  time  of  the 
separation  of  Lubec  and  the  re-establishment  of  the  Ameri- 
can jurisdiction  after  the  capture,  the  following  citizens 
served  the  town  in  their  several  capacities ;  and  at  times, 
with  military  rule  and  foreign  masters,  their  positions  must 
have  been  very  trying  :  — 

Moderators:  John  Burgin,  181 1,  1812,  1813,  1815,  1816, 
and  1817;  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  1814;  Daniel  Garland, 
1818. 

Town  clerks :  Thomas  Burnham,  181 1  and  1812;  John 
Barstow,  1S13,  1814,  1815,  and  1816;  John  Swett,  1817  and 
1818. 


Nl 


rOLITICAL    HISTORY 


247 


:) 
'I 


Treasurers:  John  Burgin,  1811  ;  Jerry  Burgin,  1S12,  1813, 
and  1814;  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  1815  ;  Stephen  Jones,  1816, 
1817,  and  1818. 

Selectmen:  Thomas  Burnham,  1811;  John  B.  Green, 
1811;  Jerry  Burgin,  1811;  Sherman  Leland,  1812;  John  C. 
Todd,  1813  and  1S17;  John  N.  Peavey,  1812;  Jolm  Burgin, 
1813,  T814,  1815,  and  1817;  Aaron  Haydcn,  1S13;  Jonathan 
D.  Weston,  18 13,  18 14,  and  1815,  Solomon  Rice,  1814; 
John  Swett,  1815  and  1816;  Stephen  Jones,  1816;  George 
Hobbs,  1816;  Ezekiel  Prince,  1S17;  \he\  Stevens,  1818; 
Ezra  T.  Bucknam,   1S18;   Ethel  Olmstead,   1818. 

When,  on  the  first  day  of  July,  18 18,  the  citizens  of  East- 
port  gathered  under  the  booth  of  canvas  and  evergreens 
which  had  been  set  up  at  the  corner  of  Boynton  and  what 
is  now  Kilby  Streets,  on  the  vacant  lot  then  owned  by 
George  Norton,  and  on  part  of  which  Daniel  Kilby  after- 
ward built  his  house  *  and  planted  his  elm-trees,  they  had 
great  and  unusual  cause  for  rejoicing.  The  foreign  military 
forces,  which  for  four  years  had  ruled  them,  had  the  day  be- 
fore yielded  up  their  power,  and  gone  back  to  their  own 
country ;  and  the  American  flags  which  were  flying  all  about 
symbolized  the  return  and  renewal  of  the  rightful  authority. 
Brigadier-general  James  Miller,  hero  of  Lundy's  Lane,  the 
special  representative  of  the  United  States,  and  Colonel 
Henry  Sargent,  appointed  by  the  Governor  of  Massachu- 
setts to  receive  the  surrender  of  the  island,  were  the  hon- 
ored guests  of  the  occasion  j  and  the  report  which  has  come 
down  to  us  shows  that  the  most  hearty  expressions  of  patri- 
otic sentiments  were  not  wanting  in  the  festivities  of  the  oc- 
casion. Men  are  still  living  who  have  not  forgotten  the 
emotions  of  boyish  ecstasy  with  which  on  that  30th  of  June 
they  saw  the  red  cross  of  England  come  down  from  the  flag- 
staff at  Fort  Sullivan,  and  the  stars  and  stripes  go  up  and 


"■The  Kilby  lioii-^e,  now  owned  and  occiipiod  by  Mrs.  Ann  Mabce. 


2  48 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


float  out  on  the  breeze ;  and  their  seniors  were  not  much 
behind  them  in  manifestations  of  satisfaction  and  delight. 
This  was  indeed  a  turning  point  in  the  history  of  the 
town.  The  foreign  yoke  was  lifted  off,  and  back  of  that  was 
the  period  when  adventurers  crowded  the  place  ;  and,  in  the 


Mm 


■om- 

■Kigy- 


wild  rush  for  gain  by  methods  not  always  lawful,  good  insti- 
tutions were  neglected  and  good  morals  suffered.  But  now 
a  new  spirit  moved  the  community.  Former  residents  came 
back.  Several  of  the  leading  merchants  who  had  been 
active  and  influential  in  building  up  Lubec  returned  to  the 
island ;  and  the  arrival  of  numbers  of  capable  and  intelli- 
gent young  business  and   professional  men    from    Western 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


249 


Maine  and  Massachusetts  helped  to  give  a  decided  improve- 
ment to  the  tone  and  character  of  the  community.  To  the 
credit  of  the  emancipated  town,  it  is  observed  that  the  first 
thought  seemed  to  be  to  supply  the  needed  places  of  public 
worship;  for  three  were  got  under  way  immediately.  In- 
deed, the  subscription  for  the  First  Congregational  (Unita- 
rian) Meeting-house  was  started  before  the  British  left  the 
island.  Its  erection  was  begun  Nov.  23,  1S18;  and  it  was 
dedicated  Jan.  13,  1820.  The  Free-will  Baptist,  though 
begun  later,  was  dedicated  Dec.  4,  1819,  and  the  Calvinist 
Baptist  Nov.  12,  1820.  In  August,  1818,  was  issued  the 
first  number  of  the  venerable  Sentinel,  which  still  keeps 
vigilant  outlook  on  the  border,  and  which  has  but  one  or 
two  seniors  in  the  State.  The  proprietor  also  opened  a 
bookstore;  and,  soon  after,  steps  were  taken  to  establish 
a  social  library,  which  grew  and  expanded  into  the  Eastport 
Athenaeum,  the  valuable  collection  of  books  which  was  un- 
fortunately destroyed  in  the  fire  of  '"64."  Two  military 
companies,  the  Eastport  Light  Infantry  and  Eastport  Wash- 
ington Artillery,  were  reorganized.  The  fire  department  was 
improved  by  privatte  subscription,  and  a  set  of  by-laws 
adopted  by  the  town.  A  ferry  was  established  to  Lubec, 
and  lines  of  packets  to  Boston,  St.  John,  and  other  places  ; 
and  in  one  year,  when  such  a  sum  counted  for  a  good  deal 
more  than  it  would  in  these  days,  over  $60,000  was  ex- 
pended in  building  stores,  wharves,  and  dwelling-houses. 
There  was  a  movement  for  establishing  a  bank,  another  for 
building  a  bridge  to  the  mainland  at  Perry  ;  and  a  generous 
spirit  of  enterprise  characterized  the  awakened  community. 
The  State  of  Maine  was  also  about  setting  up  for  her- 
self. It  had  all  along  been  seen  that  the  district  of  Maine, 
separated  as  it  was  territorially  from  the  mother  State  of 
Massachusetts,  must  eventually  have  a  government  of  its 
own,  and  it  was  only  a  question    of   time  as  to  when   this 


m 


250 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


would  take  place ;  but  several  attempts  to  bring  about  the 
separation  failed  for  want  of  indorsement  by  the  people  of 
Maine.  In  1807,  Eastport  voted  thirleeen  for  and  sixty 
against  separation.  In  1816,  another  attempt  failed  for  want 
of  a  few  hundred  votes.  In  this,  Eastport  could  take  no 
part,  being  under  foreign  rule.  On  May  3,  i<Si9,  it  was 
voted  in  town  meeting  "that  it  is  the  opinion  of  this  town 
that  the  District  of  Maine  should  be  separated  from  Massa- 
chusetts proper,  and  that  a  committee  be  chosen  to  prepare, 
subscribe,  and  forward  a  petition  to  <he  Legislature  for  that 
purpose ;  and  the  following  gentlemen  were  chosen  :  j  ona- 
than  Bartlett,  Esq.,  I.  R.  Chadbourne,  Esq.,  and  Mr.  E.  T. 
Bucknam."  The  enabling  act  was  passed,  and  accepted  by 
a  large  majority  of  the  voters  of  Maine,  17,091  to  7,132. 
The  vote  of  Eastport,  July  6,  1819,  was  one  hundred  and 
forty-seven  for  to  live  against  separation  ;  and,  September 
20,  Honorable  John  Burgin  and  Jonathan  Bartlett,  l"".sq., 
were  chosen  delegates  to  the  convention  to  form  a  constitu- 
tion for  the  new  State,  and  the  constitution  was  adopted 
with  but  little  opposition,  the  vote  of  Eastport,  Dec.  6,  18 19, 
being  thirty-eight  in  favor  to  two  opposed.  Unexpected  ob- 
stacles arose  in  Congress  to  the  admission  of  the  State,  on 
account  of  the  slavery  issue  in  connection  with  the  admission 
of  Missouri,  also  applying  at  the  same  time  ;  but  this  was 
finally  arranged  by  the  famous  Missouri  Compromise,  and 
on  the  15th  of  March,  1820,  Maine  became  an  independent 
State. 

Before  final  dissolution  of  political  connection  with  the 
old  Bay  State,  Eastport  had  still  a  last  opportunity  of  being 
represented  at  the  General  Court ;  and  on  the  19th  of  May, 
18 19,  it  was  voted  to  send  two  members,  who  were  chosen  at 
that  time.  One  of  these,  the  town's  fifth  representative,  was 
Jonathan  Bartlett,  Esq.,  son  of  Jonathan  and  Lydia  (Ellis) 
Bartlett,    born   at    Plymouth,    Mass.,    Nov.    22,    1787.     The 


1 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


251 


father,  who  was  lost  at  sea  about  March  20  of  the  same  year, 
eight  months  before  the  birth  of  the  son,  was  of  an  old 
Plymouth  family,  his  ancestor,  Robert  ?)artlett,  having  come 
over  in  the  "Ann"  in  1623,  and  married  Mary,  daughter  of 
Richard  Warren,  who  came  in  the  ''Mayflower."  Jonathan 
Bartlett  was  one  of  the  ablest  business  men  that  Eastport 
has  had.  He  came  here  in  180S,  and  during  the  next  quar- 
ter of  a  century  was  concerned  in  the  most  important  enter- 
prises that  were  undertaken.  In  18 10,  he  became  junior 
partner  in  the  firm  of  Dana,  Wheeler  ^:  l^artlett,  and  two 
years  later,  dissolving  his  connection,  established  business 
by  himself.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  business 
village  of  Lubec,  and,  as  has  been  seen,  represented  East- 
port  in  the  Maine  Constitutional  Convention,  and  in  the 
General  Court  of  Massachusetts ;  also,  in  1823,  was  chosen 
representative  to  the  Maine  legislature.  Among  the  enter- 
prises in  which  he  was  actively  engaged  may  be  mentioned 
the  building  of  the  bridge  at  Tuttle's  Eerry,  the  erection  of 
Union  Wharf  and  stores,  and  the  establisliment  of  the  Passa- 
maquoddy  Bank  and  an  insurance  company.  He  was  an 
extensive  owner  of  shipping,  and  the  pioneer  of  steamboat 
navigation  on  the  Eastern  coast  and  about  our  bay.  The 
"New  York,"  "Patent,"  "Eagle,"  "Tom  Thumb,"  and  "La 
Fayette,"  which  he  introduced  into  these  waters,  would  make 
a  curious  spectacle  for  the  steamboat  men  of  these  latter 
days.  He  had  carried  on  a  large  foreign  trade,  and  was 
a  considerable  importer  of  salt.  Thinking  this  could  be 
profitably  manufactured  here,  he  commenced  experiments  in 
1825,  and  afterward  visited  England,  where  he  employed 
men  skilled  in  the  manufacture,  and  made  arrangements  for 
the  shipment  of  mineral  by  ships  coming  out  to  the  neighbor- 
ing provincial  ports  for  timber  cargoes  and  willing  to  accept 
low  rates  of  freight.  In  connection  with  General  Ezekiel 
Foster,  he  erected  large  works  at  Prince's  Cove,  where  the 


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If  I 

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!52 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAAIAQUODDY 


i 


iili 


mineral  was  dissolved  in  great  cisterns  and  then  evaporated 
in  broad  pans  heated  by  fires  of  spruce  wood.  The  mineral 
coming  in  free  and  the  manufactured  salt  being  protected  by 
a  considerable  duty,  the  business  was  profitable ;  and,  at  one 
time,  the  works  turned  out  a  thousand  bushels  a  day,  and 
the  cove  was  a  busy  place.  A  mill  was  also  put  up  at 
Pennamaquan  for  manufacturing  the  finer  qualities  of  table 
salt;  and,  afterward,  extensive  iron  works  were  established 
there,  when  the  town  of  Pembroke,  hitherto  a  part  of  Dennys- 
ville,  was  incorporated.  A  change  in  the  tariff  policy  of  the 
government  and  a  great  reduction  in  the  duty  on  salt  left  the 
business  in  a  condition  where  it  could  not  compete  with  for- 
eign importation,  and  it  had  to  be  abandoned.  Mr.  Bartlett 
afterward  moved  to  Ohio,  where  he  was  also  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  salt,  and  died  at  Cincinnati,  Nov.  7, 
1849,  in  the  si.xty-sccond  year  of  his  age. 

The  other  representative  chosen  in  18 ig,  at  the  same  time 
with  Mr.  Bartlett,  and  the  sixth  in  order,  was  Honorable 
John  Burgin,  son  of  Edward  Hall  Burgin.  He  was  born  at 
New  Market,  N.H.,  Oct.  4,  1765,  and  came  to  Moose  Island 
several  years  before  the  incorporation  of  the  town,  in  1798. 
He  was  one  of  the  committee  selected  at  the  meeting  of 
Plantation  No.  8  to  petition  for  an  act  of  incorporation,  and 
was  appointed  to  warn  the  inhabitants  to  appear  at  the  first 
town  meeting.  Judge  Burgin  was  on  the  first  board  of 
selectmen,  was  the  first  magistrate  appointed  on  the  i^'T -' 
and,  of  all  the  early  settlers,  no  one  served  so  l^ng  " 
life  as  he.     He  was  chosen  moderator  at  «vn 

meeting  thirteen  times,  and  served  sixteen  ye.  ju  tlu  ird 
of  selectmen.  He  first  carried  on  business  iii  connection 
with  George  Nutter,  of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  a*  rward 
with  his  brother  Joseph.  His  wharf  and  store  were  at  the 
place  where  John  French  afterward  carried  on  business, 
which  is  now  occupied  by  the  fish  establishment  of  E.  A. 


T 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


253 


Holmes ;  and  the  stately  hip-roof  mansion  which  he  built 
eighty  years  ago,  and  surrounded  by  rows  of  Lombardy  pop- 
lars, was  modernized  by  later  occupants,  and  destroyed  in 
the  last  great  fire.  In  1811,  he  was  appointed  judge  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  and  was  Colonel  Shead's  successor 
as  postmaster  after  the  death  of  the  latter  in  1813,  and  held 
the  office  until  the  accession  of  President  Jackson,  in  1829, 
He  remained  in  town  during  the  British  occupancy,  secured 
the  confidence  of  their  commander,  and  was  thus  enabled 
by  friendly  interposition  to  do  much  to  mitigate  the  harsh- 
ness of  military  rule,  and  was  the  leading  representative  of 
the  inhabitants  in  the  complimentary  correspondence  which 
was  exchanged  when  they  went  away.  He  was  chosen  dele- 
gate to  the  convention  for  forming  a  constitution  for  the 
State  of  Maine,  and,  besides  representing  the  town  in  the 
General  Court  of  Massachusetts  in  the  last  year  of  the  con- 
nection, also  served  afterward  three  years  in  the  same 
capacity  in  the  legislature  of  Maine.  His  last  term  of  impor- 
tant public  service  was  in  1830,  when  he  was  chosen  by  the 
legislature  a  member  of  Governor  Huntoon's  executive 
council.  He  died  at  Eastport,  Feb.  20,  1846,  in  the  eighty- 
first  year  of  his  age. 

In  Mr.  Bartlett's  and  Judge  Burgin's  day,  Eastport  had 
got  somewhat  nearer  to  Boston ;  and  they  were  allowed  but 
three  hundred  and  fifty-three  miles  travel,  instead  of  four 
hundred  and  two  miles  to  Judge  Leland  and  four  hundred 
and  fifty  miles  to  Colonel  Shead. 

By  the  census  of  1820,  Eastport  had  a  population  of  1,937, 
and  Lubec  1,430;  and  it  will  be  remembered  that  in  i8io, 
before  the  latter  had  been  set  ofif,  the  joint  population  was 

1,5"- 

In  the  first  apportionment  under  the  constitution  of  Maine, 

one  representative  was  assigned  to  Eastport ;  and  there  has 

been  no  change  in  this  respect  to  the  present  time.    In  1820, 


\fm 


m 


nk-l 


mm 


r 


254 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Judge  Burgin  was  elected  again;  and  September,  182 1, 
Wooster  Tuttle,  Esq.,  was  chosen  the  seventh  representative. 
He  was  a  native  of  the  State  of  Vermont,  where  he  was  born 
in  1779.  He  was  for  several  years  engaged  in  successful 
business  enterprises  at  Eastport,  and  interested  in  naviga- 
tion ;  and  one  brig  built  for  him  at  Robbinston  was  named 
for  his  native  State.  He  was  never  married,  and  at  his 
decease,  which  took  place  May  16,  1840,  was  possessed  of 
considerable  real  and  personal  estate.  He  was  also  re- 
elected in  1822.  The  next  year  Jonathan  Bartlett  again 
represented  the  town,  and  in  1824  Judge  Burgin  was  sent 
once  more.  In  1S25,  Honorable  Timothy  Pilsbury  was 
chosen  the  eighth  representative.  He  was  born  in  Newbury- 
port,  Mass.,  April  12,  1789;  and  his  mother  was  a  daughter 
of  Deacon  Wingate,  of  Saco.  After  being  clerk  in  a  store, 
he  went  to  sea  before  the  mast,  and  then  as  supercargo  and 
master,  and  in  1816  came  to  Eastport  and  entered  into  a 
business  co-partnership  with  his  brother-in-law,  Leonard 
Pierce.  He  soon  began  to  develop  political  aspirations  and 
ability,  was  chosen  representative  in  1825,  and  again  in  1826. 
Failing  of  re-election  in  1827,  when  the  legislature  came  to- 
gether the  following  January,  he  was  chosen  a  member  of 
Governor  Lincoln's  executive  council.  He  afterward  went 
to  sea  again,  and  returning  was  in  1S35  '^"  unsuccessful  can- 
didate for  representative  against  Frederic  Hobbs,  and  at  the 
session  of  1S36  was  chosen  a  member  of  Governor  Dunlap's 
executive  council.  The  same  year,  he  secured  the  Demo- 
cratic nomination  for  representative  to  Congress  from  the 
Hancock  and  Washington  district ;  but  an  energetic  section 
of  bolters  nominated  Judge  Anson  G.  Chandler  of  Calais, 
and,  after  several  unsuccessful  trials  (a  majority  of  all  the 
votes  cast  being  then  required  for  a  choice).  Honorable 
Joseph  C.  Noyes,  the  Whig  candidate,  was  elected.  Mr. 
Pilsbury  then  went  to  Ohio  and  on   to  New  Orleans,  and 


!  I 


II 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


-:>:) 


finally  settled  in  Texas,  which  had  recently  become  an  inde- 
pendent republic.  In  1840  or  1841  he  was  elected  to  the 
legislature  from  Brazoria  County,  and  at  next  session  was 
chosen  senator,  resigned,  and  was  appointed  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate, was  again  chosen  senator,  was  active  in  bringing  about 
the  annexation  of  Texas  to  the  United  States,  was  elected 
the  first  representative  from  that  State  to  Congress  in  1S46, 
and  re-elected  the  next  term.  He  died  at  New  Danville, 
Rusk  County,  Texas,  Nov.  23,  1S58.  His  son  Albert  was 
a  lawyer  by  profession,  clerk  of  the  courts  for  Washington 
County,  a  member  of  Governor  Crosby's  executive  council 
in  1853,  and  the  Democratic  candidate  for  governor  of 
Maine  the  same  year,  though  failing  of  election.  Another 
son,  Edward,  was  mayor  of  New  Orleans ;  and  a  grandson, 
Charles  A.  Pilsbury,  is  the  present  able  and  efficient  editor 
of  the  Tielfast  Republican  Jounial. 

Thus  far  nothing  has  been  said  about  the  political  affilia- 
tions of  the  different  representatives  sent  from  Eastport. 
Nearly  or  quite  all  of  the  earlier  ones  must  have  been  mem- 
bers of  the  Republican  or  Democratic  party.  After  the 
peace  of  18 15,  political  animosities  began  to  subside.  Then 
came  on  what  President  Monroe  called  the  "  era  of  good 
feeling,"  and  at  the  presidential  election  of  1820  he  was 
chosen  for  his  second  term  by  a  nearly  unanimous  vote. 
But  such  a  condition  of  affairs  could  not  be  expct-ted  to  con- 
tinue long;  and  so  many  candidates  were  in  the  field  for  the 
succession  in  1824  that  there  was  no  choice  by  the  people, 
and  John  Quincy  Adams  was  elected  President  of  the  United 
Slates  by  the  House  of  Representatives.  Witli  this  came 
a  new  division  of  parties ;  and  Cencral  Jackson,  who  at 
the  recent  election  had  received  the  larger  electoral  vote, 
though  not  the  requisite  majority,  became  the  favorite  leader 
of  a  powerful  and  vigorous  movement  against  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Adams,  which  at  the  next  election  defeated 


-^'\ 


m\ 


'•!<    »S 


256 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAOUODDV 


him,  and  placed  General  Jackson  in  the  presidential  chair. 
The  rival  parties  called  themselves  the  National  Republican 
and  the  Democratic  Republican,  but  were  commcnly  known 
as  Adamsi-es  and  Jacksonites.  Mr.  Pilsbury  was  an  ear- 
nest supporter  of  General  Jackson,  but  his  successor  be- 
longed to  the  opposite  party. 

At  the  State  election  in  1S27,  Daniel  Kilby,  Esq.,  was 
chosen  the  ninth  representative,  and  was  the  first  Eastern 
born  man  elected.  He  was  son  of  William  and  Mary 
(Wilder)  Kilby,  and  born  in  Perry,*  Me.,  May  27,  1791. 
The  father  was  one  of  the  early  Hingham  emigration  to 
Dennys  River,  and  was  married  at  Pennamaquan.  The 
family  lived  two  or  three  years  in  Perry,  and  the  son  was 
born  at  East  Bay.  Returning  to  Dennysville,  the  father 
carried  on  his  trade  of  blacksmith,  became  the  first  post- 
master and  the  first  deacon  of  the  Congregational  church, 
and  lived  there  the  remainder  of  his  life.  The  son  worked  at 
his  father's  trade,  going  into  the  lumber  woods  in  winter, 
and  got  his  first  mercantile  experience  in  the  store  of 
Deacon  Aaron  Hayden  at  Eastport,  where  he  was  employed 
when  late  in  July,  18 12,  came  the  startling  tidings  of  declara- 
tion of  .war  with  Great  Britain.  Then,  anticipating  that  sup- 
plies might  soon  be  cut  off,  everybody  on  both  sides  of  the 
line  who  could  raise  funds  hastened  to  town  to  replenish 
his  stores,  and  the  clerks  were  overworked  in  handing  out 
goods  and  taking  in  money,  until  stocks  were  greatly  re- 
duced, and,  many  families  leaving  town,  business  became 
dull ;  and,  no  longer  needed,  the  young  man  went  back  to 
Dennysville.  In  18 13,  he  was  chosen  ensign  of  the  local 
militia  company  of  which  his  uncle,  Eb^nezer  C.  Wilder,  was 
captain.  But  though  it  w<»s  war  time,  and  close  to  the  fron- 
tier, his  only  service  seems  to  have  been  for  a  month  or 


*  I  use  the  present  town  names.    Tlien  Perry  was  Plant.ntiuii  No.   i  and  Dennys- 
ville No.  2. 


rOLITICAL    HISTORY 


'57 


ys- 


more  with  a  detachment  on  guard  at  Cobscook  Falls.  When, 
in  the  midst  of  the  war,  the  4th  of  July,  18 14  approached, 
the  young  men  at  Dennys  River  determined  not  to  let  Inde- 
pendence Day  pass  without  proper  observance  ;  and,  as  there 
was  no  piece  of  artillery  in  the  neighborhood  of  sufhcient 
calibre  to  make  the  requisite  volume  of  noise,  Daniel  Kilby 
was  despatched  to  Eastport,  and  brought  back  a  swivel  which 
he  had  borrowed,  and  with  it  they  made  the  hills  reverberate 
around  the  little  hamlet,  and  had  a  glorious  time.  The 
small  cannon  had  to  be  returned,  and,  with  another  young 
man,  he  started  off  on  the  morning  of  July  11  to  take  it 
back ;  but  the  wind  failed  them,  the  tide  was  a  little  late, 
and  they  were  obliged  to  lan-^.  at  Birch  Point  and  leave  their 
boat  on  the  beach,  while  they  decided  to  go  along  on  foot, 
to  return  and  take  the  swivel  down  next  ebb  tide.  \\'alking 
to  Tuttle's  Ferry,  they  were  put  across  to  Moose  Island,  and 
then  continued  on  to  town.  Here  they  found  everybody  in 
a  great  state  of  excitement ;  for  a  fleet  of  British  ships-of- 
war  was  lying  abreast  of  the  wharves,  and  an  officer  bearing 
a  ilag  of  truce  had  landed  and  gone  up  to  Fort  Sullivan  to 
demand  the  surrender  of  the  garrison  and  the  town.  The 
story  of  the  occupation  by  the  Ikitisli  is  told  elsewhere,  but 
the  young  men  saw  it  all,  and  then  started  for  home  ;  but, 
nearing  the  ferry,  they  were  stopped  by  some  man-of-war'.s- 
men,  who  jumped  out  from  among  the  trees,  a  sixteen-gun 
Ijrig  having  been  detached  from  tlie  squadron  and  sent 
roinid  the  island  to  prevent  any  retreat  by  the  ferry.  A 
number  of  small  crafts  had  already  been  captured  by  her 
boats,  and  people  been  arrested  on  the  shore,  some  of  whom 
seemed  to  think  that  their  end  had  come.  (;)ur  young  men, 
after  being  sharply  cjueslioned  by  an  officer,  and  iiaving 
their  boots  pulled  off  and  pockets  and  clothes  searched,  were 
allowed  to  cross  the  ferry  and  keep  on  homeward ;  and  the 
others  who  had  been  detained  were  also  given  their  liberty. 


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258 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


When,  some  months  later,  Deacon  Hayden  was  obliged  to 
leave  the  island  in  a  hurr}-,  because  of  the  attempt  to  enforce 
the  payment  of    the  captured  bonds,  the  former  clerk  was 
sent  for  to  go  into  the  store  again.     He  afterward  set  up  in 
business  at  Lubec,  and,  when  the  island  was  given  up,  came 
back  to  Eastport  and  entered  the  firm  of  his  old  employer, 
under  the   title   of   Hayden,  Jones  iV-   Kilby  and  afterward 
Hayden   iV   Kilby.     The   trade  of  the  Indians  was  then  of 
considerable   importance,   and    their   head-quarters  were    at 
Hayden  &  Kilby's.     Sanops,  squaws,  and  pappooses  swarmed 
about  the  store  ;  and  the  dock  below  was  filled  with  their 
light  canoes.    Later,  Mr.  Kilby  established  himself  at  Steam- 
boat Wharf,  as  it  was  called,  the  ofiice  of  Jonathan  Bartlett, 
the    pioneer    of    Eastern    steamer    navigation,   having  been 
there.     He  was  a  considerable  owner  of  vessels.     His  ships, 
the  "Henry  Clay"  and  "Ambassador"  and  bark  "  Hobart," 
were  thought  to  be  wonderfully  large  crafts  in  those  days ; 
but  many  schooners  are  now  built  which  exceed  the  biggest 
of  them  in  tonnage  and  cost  of  construction.     In  1849,  Mr. 
Kilby  was  appointed  collector  of  customs  i"  -  the  district  of 
Passamaquoddy  by  President  'I'aylor,  and  remained  in  ofHice 
until  the  accession  of  President  Pierce  in   1853  ;  and  during 
his  time  a  new  custom-house  was  built.     He  died  at  flast- 
port,  Jan.  3,  iSdo,  in  tlie  sixty-ninth  year  of  his  age. 

The  tenth  representative  was  JJenjamin  Folsom,  Esq.,  of 
the  National  Republican  or  anti-Jackson  school  of  politics, 
chosen  first  in  1828  and  re-elected  three  limes,  serving  four 
years  in  all.  He  was  son  ^f  Penjamin  and  Mary  (Parker) 
Folsom,  born  at  New  Mar..Jt,  N.H.,  Sept.  3,  1790,  about 
six  months  after  the  death  of  his  father.  He  learned  the 
printer's  trade  in  the  ofiice  of  the  Essex  Iii\;ister,  Salem, 
Mass.  In  1812  he  established  a  Democratic  paper  at  Wal- 
pole,  N.H.,  and  in  18 13  became  proprietor  of  the  Newbury- 
port  HcraLL     Immediately  after  the  surrender  of  the  island 


i 


POLITICAL    HLSTORV 


259 


he  established  the  Eastport  Sentinel  and  Passamaquoddy 
Advertiser^  the  first  number  of  wliich  appeared  in  August, 
1818;  and  it  is  to-day, 
with  one  or  two  excep- 
tions, the  oldest  news- 
paper in  the  State. 
He  also  set  up  a  book- 
store and  opened  a 
public  reading-room. 
At  that  time,  when  the 
mail  arrived  but  two 
or  three  times  a  week, 
four  days  from  Boston, 
and  probably  there  was 
not  a  single  daily  paper 
taken  in  town,  such  an 
institution  was  a  great 
public  benefit.  The 
columns  of  the  Sentinel 
show  that  the  editor 
sometimes  wrote  with 
a  sharp  pen,  and  could 
give  and  take  severe 
blows.  He  died  at 
Eastport,  July  9,  1833, 
in  the  forty-third  year 
of  his  age.  During  his 
service,  the  seat  of  the 
State  government  was 
removed  from  Port- 
land to  Augusta,  where 
the  tine  granite  State  House  had  been  built  for  its  accom- 
modation. In  the  decade  from  1820  to  1S30,  the  town  had 
made  good  progress,  and  the  population  had  risen  to  2,450. 


siiN  riNiu. 


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260 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAOUODDY 


Two  new  churches  had  been  built,  and  there  was  a  large 
increase  of  stores  and  comfortable  dwellings,  A  quaint 
structure  of  this  period  was  the  Bell  Tavern,  on  High  Street, 
at  the  top  of  Fort  Hill.  It  had  been  a  block-house,  part 
of  the  defences  of  the  hill  in  war  time,  and  originally  had 
a  flat  roof  caulked  like  a  vessel's  deck,  with  parapet  for  the 
protection  of  its  garrison.  After  peace,  a  pitch  roof  was 
added,  and  it  was  transformed  into  a  house  of  entertainment, 
the  principal  feature  being  the  bar-room.  Later  it  was  occu- 
pied by  private  families,  and  finally  taken  down  and  removed. 
One  of  the  best  local  institutions  established  in  1821  is  the 
Eastport  Female  Benevolent  Society,  which,  from  the  outset, 
has  commanded  the  interest  and  services  of  the  best  women 

in  town,  and  still  con- 
tinues its  career  of  use- 
fulness. 

The  trade  of  the 
town,  and  of  Lubec  as 
well,  was  largely  with 
the  neighboring  British 
Provinces ;  and  this 
had  to  be  carried  on  under  peculiar  conditions.  Until  a 
comparatively  recent  period,  the  theory  of  the  British  gov- 
ernment has  seemed  to  be  that  the  colonies  existed  mainly 
for  the  benefit  of  the  mother  country;  and  they  were 
greatly  restricted  in  their  commercial  privileges,  and  were 
not  allowed  to  trade  with  other  countries  except  in  British 
bottoms.  They  were  met  by  other  nations  on  the  same  base. 
As  the  ports  where  gypsum  or  grindstones  were  produced 
were  not  open  to  American  vessels,  British  vessels  from 
those  places  could  not  enter  at  our  custom-houses,  so  the 
plaster-laden  schooner  had  to  come  to  the  frontier,  and  out 
on  the  lines  transfer  her  cargo  to  an  American  vessel  there 
waiting,  while  a  cargo  of   staves  from  Norfolk,  Va.,  could 


POLITICAL   HISTORY 


!6l 


only  reach  the  British  West  India  Islands,  where  it  was 
needed,  by  being  sent  to  some  neutral  island  and  there 
transferred  to  an  English  vessel,  or  brought  down  on  to 
the  lines  for  the  same  purpose.  In  busy  times,  large  num- 
bers of  vessels  might  be  seen  lying  in  pairs  off  Eastport 
and  Lubec,  transferring  cargoes  across  an  imaginary  boun- 
dary line  ;  and  the  coming  and  going  of  boats  and  lighters 
made  a  lively  scene.  Under  this  peculiar  and,  withal,  unnat- 
ural system  of  concentration  of  business  on  the  frontier,  Cam- 
pobello  and  Indian  Island,  as  well  as  Eastport  and  Lubec, 
were  busy  places,  and  St.  Andrews  was  in  its  prime.  In 
1830,  the  regulations  were  modified,  and  provincial  vessels 
were  allowed  to  enter  here  ;  and  in  two  or  three  years  the 
entries  of  foreign  vessels  ran  up  to  a  number*  nearly  equal- 
ling those  at  New  York  and  exceeding  all  other  American 
ports,  though  of  course  the  value  of  imports  and  average 
tonnage  was  very  much  smaller.  Not  long  after,  the  British 
colonial  ports  were  opened,  and  the  produce  and  material 
which  formerly  came  across  the  lines  in  the  Bay  of  Passama- 
quoddy  took  the  more  direct  course  from  the  place  of  pro- 
duction to  that  of  consumption  ;  and  the  frontier  towns  on 
both  sides  severely  felt  the  loss  of  their  old  business. 

From  the  British  evacuation  in  18 18  to  1S30,  the  following 
citizens  served  as  town  officers  :  — 

Moderators:  John  Burgin,  1S19  and  1820;  I.  R.  Chad- 
bourne,  1821,  1822,  1S23,  1825;  Jonathan  D.  Weston,  1824; 
T.  Pilsbury,  1826,  1827,  and  1S29  ;  Benjamin  Folsom,  1828; 
Joseph  C.  Noyes,  1830. 

Town  clerks  :  John  Swett,  1819  to  1829,  inclusive;  Pklward 
Baker,  1S30. 

Treasurers:  Ethel  Olmstead,  1S19  and  1820;  Samuel 
Wheeler,  1821,  1822,  1823,  1824,  1829,  and  1830;  J.  D.  Wes- 
ton, 1825,  1826,  1S27,  and  1828. 

•In  1S33,  entries  of  fiircign  vessels  at  Passamaqiioddy,  1,784;  Boston,  1,017;  New 
York,  i,v25. 


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262 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


"■ 


Selectmen:  E.  Olmstead,   1819,  1S20;  John  Burgin,  1819, 

1820,  1828;  J-  t).  Weston,  1819,  1820;  Jerry  Burgin,  1821, 
1822,  1823,  1824,  1825  ;  H.  T.  Emery,  1S21  ;  Charles  Peavey, 

1821,  1822,  1829;  Daniel  Kilby,  1822,  1824;  Daniel  Gar- 
land, 1823;  George  Hobbs,  1823,  1824;  J.  C.  Noyes,  1825; 
Edward  Baker,  1825  ;  Benjamin  Bucknam,  1826,  1827,  1828, 
1829;  Benjamin  Folsom,  1826,  1S27,  1828,  1830;  T.  Pils- 
biiry,  1826,  1S27,  1829;  W.  M.  Brooks,  1830;  E.Richard- 
son,  1830, 

At  the  State  election,  Sept.  10,  1832,  Honorable  Joseph 
Cobham  Noyes  was  chosen  the  eleventh  representative,  and 
was  of  the  same  political  school  as  Mr.  Folsom,  whom  he 
succeeded.  This  election  was  one  of  the  most  fiercely  con- 
tested ever  held  in  Eastport.  The  Democratic  candidate 
was  General  Ezekiel  Foster,  who,  besides  his  high  personal 
standing  in  the  community  as  the  head  of  the  firm  which 
was  carrying  on  the  salt  works,  then  in  the  height  of  pros- 
perity, and  the  iron  works  at  Pembroke,  had  exceptional  ele- 
ments of  strength,  and  his  success  was  confidently  expected ; 
but  Mr.  Noyes  was  chosen  by  the  following  vote  :  Joseph 
C.  Noyes,  133;  Ezekiel  Foster,  122;  Charles  Peavey,  2. 

I  don't  know  whether  General  Foster's  political  friends 
felt  so  sure  of  his  success  that  preparations  were  made  for 
its  celebration  in  advance,  or  whether  the  narrow  majority 
against  him  was  considered  in  itself  a  victory.  At  any  rate, 
soon  after  the  polls  were  closed,  the  brass  field-pieces  of  the 
Eastport  Washington  Artillery  were  drawn  to  the  end  of 
Steamboat  Wharf  for  the  purpose  of  firing  a  salute  ;  and  the 
discharge  of  one  of  the  guns  resulted  in  the  accidental 
death  of  Captain  John  Swett,  a  well-known  citizen,  proprie- 
tor of  one  of  the  hotels  in  town,  who  had  been  commander 
of  the  artillery  company,  town  clerk  for  several  years,  and 
filled  other  public  positions. 

Joseph    C.    Noyes   was   son   <     Jacob    and   Ann   (Jones) 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


263 


Noyes,  born  at  Portland  in  ^pteniber,  179S.  He  came  to 
Eastport  in  1S19,  and  entered  into  partnership  with  Nathan- 
iel F.  Poor,  who  afterward  took  the  name  of  Deering. 
Later,  by  himself,  Mr.  Noyes  carried  on  a  large  business  in 
flour  and  corn,  and  was  interested  in  shipping.  He  took 
part  in  town  and  public  affairs,  served  several  times  as  mod- 
erator at  the  annual  town  meeting,  and  was  chief  engineer  of 
the  fire  department.  He  served  one  year  in  the  State  legis- 
lature, declining  a  re-election.  There  was  a  long  contest  for 
the  choice  of  representative  to  Congress  at  the  election  of 
1836  in  this  district,  and  four  ballots  were  taken  without 
either  candidate  securing  the  necessary  majority.  Frederic 
Hobbs,  the  Whig  candidate,  having  removed  from  the  county, 
Air.  Noyes  was  put  in  nomination  in  his  place ;  and,  on  the 
fifth  ballot,  he  was  chosen  over  Mr.  Pilsbury  and  Judge 
Chandler,  who  divided  the  Democratic  vote.  He  served 
through  the  Twenty-fifth  Congress,  but  failed  of  re-election. 
The  Whigs  were  successful  in  the  presidential  campaign  of 
1840,  and  President  Harrison  appointed  Mr.  Noyes  collector 
of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy.  Two  years  later.  Presi- 
dent Tyler  superseded  him  by  the  appointment  of  Judge 
Anson  G.  Chandler  to  his  position.  He  afterward  removed 
to  Portland,  and  was  for  several  years  treasurer  of  the  Port- 
land Savings  Bank,  the  largest  institution  of  its  class  in  the 
State.  He  died  in  ihat  city,  July  28,  t86S.  His  second  son, 
Frank,  succeeded  him  as  treasurer  of  the  savings  bank  ;  and, 
at  his  death,  a  younger  son,  Edward  A.  Noyes,  was  appointed 
to  the  position,  and  now  holds  it.  His  eldest  son,  George 
F.,  a  graduate  of  Powdoin  College,  made  an  honorable 
record  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion ;  and  a  book  which  he 
published,  "  Bivouac  and  Battlefield,"  is  one  of  the  most 
attractive  histories  of  that  eventful  period. 

Honorable  Lorenzo  Sabine  was  chosen  twelfth  representa- 
tive at  the  election   in   1833.     He  was  son  of  Rev. 


I 

1  '.' ^ 

i 

1 

264 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Robinson  and  Ann  (Clark)  sabine,  and  born  at  New  Con- 
cord (now  Lisbon),  N.H.,  Feb.  25,  1803.  The  father  was 
a  Methodist  clergyman,  and  was  afterward  located  at  Boston 
as  pastor  of  the  Bromfield  Street  Church  ;  and,  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  family  residence  in  that  city,  the  son  was  doing 
a  boy's  work  about  the  bookstore  of  Messrs.  Gould  & 
Lincoln.  In  181 1  and  1S12,  Rev.  E.  R.  Sabine  was  chosen 
chaplain  of  the  Massachusetts  House  of  Representatives. 
At  that  time,  Eastport  was  represented  by  Oliver  Shead  and 
Lewis  Frederic  Delesdernier.  Years  after,  when  the  chap- 
lain's son  found  his  way  to  Eastport,  his  first  employment 
was  with  the  son  of  the  latter ;  and  the  son  of  the  former 
was  his  intimate  acquaintance.  Later,  the  minister  was  trans- 
ferred to  Maine,  and  located  at  Hampden,  on  the  Penobscot 
River,  and  served  as  representative  to  the  General  Court. 
Failing  in  health,  he  went  South,  hoping  to  be  benefited,  but 
died  at  Augusta,  Ga.,  not  much  over  forty  years  of  age. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  of  18 12  with  Great  Britain, 
a  company  of  soldiers  was  enlisted  in  the  vicinity  of  Hamp- 
den to  serve  on  the  frontier,  and  among  the  soldiers  was 
William  Cobb,  who,  on  return  at  the  close  of  his  term  of  en- 
listment, was  employed  by  the  minister  to  work  on  the  farm  ; 
and  the  stories  which  he  told  about  Moose  Island,  its  scen- 
ery and  headlands,  the  rise  and  fall  of  the  tides,  the  smug- 
glers, and  the  incidents  of  his  stay  here,  greatly  interested 
the  boy,  and  by  and  by,  when  it  became  necessary  for  him  to 
start  out  and  seek  his  fortune,  he  was  led  to  come  to  East- 
port,  where  he  arrived  in  182 1,  with  ten  dollars  in  his  pocket. 
He  first  found  employment  with  William  Delesdernier,  and 
afterward  in  the  counting-room  of  Jonathan  Bartlett,  who 
was  then  busy  with  his  steamboat  enterprise.  Later,  Mr. 
Sabine  went  into  business  on  his  own  account.  While  an 
industrious  and  careful  merchant,  he  early  developed  de- 
cided literary  ability   and  taste,  particularly  in   the  line  of 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


265 


American  and  colonial  history.  His  residence  at  Eastport 
influenced  the  direction  of  his  study  and  research,  and  he 
became  an  authority  in  the  history  of  the  fisheries  and  the 
diplomacy  connected  with  them,  then  as  now  an  important 
interest  of  the  town  ;  while  his  intercourse  with  our  neigh- 
bors across  the  line,  many  of  them  descendants  of  the  Amer- 
ican Loyalists,  led  him  to  take  a  deep  interest  in  the  history 
of  the  unsuccessful  party  in  the  great  national  struggle  for 
liberty.  A  serious  accident  nearly  cost  him  his  life;  for  he 
fell  upon  the  hard  beach  in  the  rear  of  his  own  store  at  the 
head  of  Union  Wharf  dock,  and  one  of  the  early  recollec- 
tions of  the  writer  was  seeing  his  mut'lled  form  being  carried 
by  to  his  home  on  that  occasion.  He  took  a  deep  interest 
in  public  and  town  affairs,  and  helped  give  the  society  of  the 
time  a  literary  turn,  to  which  not  a  few  still  living  owe  a 
good  part  of  their  education.  He  was  for  several  years 
editor  of  the  Eastport  Sentinel,  one  of  the  founders  of  the 
Eastport  Lyceum,  and  an  incorporator  of  the  Eastport 
Academy  and  Eastport  Athenneum.  The  product  of  his  busy 
pen  found  an  outlet  in  the  local  press,  and  m  periodicals 
of  national  reputation,  like  the  North  Ameriean  Review 
and  Christian  Examiner.  His  literary  ability  was  recog- 
nized by  scholars  and  institutions  of  learning;  and  in  1846 
he  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  from 
Bowdoin  College,  and  from  Harvard  University  two  years 
later.  He  wrote  the  Life  of  Commodore  Preble  for  Jared 
Sparks's  series  of  "American  Biography";  but  his  principal 
work,  and  the  one  in  connection  with  which  he  has  been 
most  widely  known,  is  his  "History  of  the  American  Loyal- 
ists," which  gives  the  results  of  a  vast  amount  of  discrimi- 
nating labor,  and  still  retains  its  value  as  an  authority.  The 
first  edition  was  issued  in  one  large  volume  by  the  publish- 
ers, Little  &  Brown  of  Boston,  in  1847,  while  the  author  was 
still  a  resident  of  F^astport,  which  being  exhausted,  a  revised 


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266 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


edition  in  two  volumes  was  published  by  the  same  house  in 
1864,  the  preface  dated  at  Mr.  Sabine's  home  in  Roxbury, 
Mass.     He  also  published  a  work  on  "Duels  and  Duelling." 
He  had  planned  and  gathered  a  large  amount  of  material 
for  a  History  of  l'",astport,  and  to  many  of  us  it  is  a  cause  of 
great  regret  that  he  did  not  carry  out  his  purpose.     Several 
papers  prepared  for  the  work  afterward  appeared  in  print, 
and  are  republished  in  the  preceding  chapters  of  this  volume. 
Mr.  Sabine  was  chosen  representative  as  a  National  Re- 
publican, and  re-elected  in  1834  as  a  Whig.    New  names  had 
begun  to  appear  in  the  political  nomenclature.     The  Demo- 
crats were  in  power  in  State  and  nation ;  and  the  various  ele- 
ments of  the  opposition  had  consolidated  under  the  name  of 
Whigs,  which  was  the  favorite  of  our  fathers  at  the  time  of 
the  Revolution,  and  of  the  liberal  party  in  England  from  the 
days  of  the  Commonwealth.     The  other  side  insisted   that 
their  opponents  were  the  lineal  descendants  of  the  old  Fed- 
eral party,  and  so  called  them  by  that  name,  or  more  com- 
monly "  Feds"  ;  and  they  retorted  by  calling  the  administra- 
tion men  "Tories."     Friction  matches  were  then  a  novelty; 
and    in    the   internecine    quarrels   of    the    New   York    City 
Democracy,  at  a  meeting  held  at  Tammany  Hall,  the  lights 
being  suddenly  extinguished  by  those  who  wished  to  defeat 
its  objects,  the  other  side  quickly  produced  the  new  matches 
and  lighted  up  again.     Thus  this  faction  gained  the  name  of 
Loco  Focos,  and  from  them  it  was  extended  throughout  the 
country.     Mr.  Sabine  was  the  principal  deputy  collector  of 
customs  for  this    district  during   Mr.  Noyes's   collectorship 
from    1 84 1    to    1843,  and  in   1S48    moved   to  Framingham, 
Mass.,  where  he  received  from  the  governor  of  the  State  the 
appointment  of  trial  justice,  and  served  for  several  years. 
In  1852,  he  was  chosen  representative  to  Congress  for  the 
Middlesex  district,  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the  death 
of  Honorable  Benjamin  Thompson.     Later,  when  the  gov- 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


267 


ernment  wished  to  avail  itself  of  his  knowledge  of  matters 
connected  with  the  fisheries,  he  was  appointed  a  special 
agent  of  the  Treasury  ;  and  his  report  on  that  subject  has  a 
permanent  value.  For  several  years  he  held  the  important 
position  of  secretary  of  the  Board  of  Trade  for  Boston,  He 
was  an  active  member  of  the  Massachusetts  Historical  Soci- 
ety, His  own  large  and  valuable  library  was  rich  in  historical 
works,  and  in  that  line  of  study  and  research  he  found  choice 
companionship  in  his  last  years.  He  died  at  his  home  in 
(Roxbury)  Boston  on  the  14th  of  April,  1S77  ;  and  his  burial 
was  at  Eastport. 

Eastport's  thirteenth  representative  was  Frederic  Hobbs, 
Esq.,  the  nominee  of  the  Whig  party,  elected  in  1835.  He 
was  son  of  Isaac  and  Mary  (lialdwin)  Hobbs,  born  at  Wes- 
ton, Mass.,  Feb.  25,  1797.  He  graduated  at  Harvard  Col- 
lege in  1S17,  and  studied  law  in  the  office  of  Daniel  Web- 
ster at  Boston.  He  came  to  Eastport  in  1S21,  and  bought 
out  the  interest  of  Francis  E.  Putnam,  then  practising  here. 
The  latter  was  a  descendant  of  James  Putnam,  the  last  royal 
attorney  for  the  province  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  was  after- 
ward register  of  probate  for  Washington  County,  and  finally 
moved  to  St.  Andrews,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  of  Char- 
lotte County,  and  died  there  a  few  years  later.  Devoting 
himself  closely  to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  Mr.  Hobbs 
soon  gained  an  influential  position  among  tae  lawyers  of 
Eastern  Maine.  He  delivered  the  Fourth  of  July  oration 
at  Eastport  in  1S21;  but,  though  always  ready  to  give  his 
assistance  to  the  literary  and  educational  institutions  of  the 
town,  it  was  not  until  he  had  received  into  co-partnership 
Mr,  Daniel  T.  Granger,  a  native  of  Saco  and  graduate  of 
Bowdoin  College,  who  came  here  in  1833,  that  he  took  any 
very  active  part  in  politics.  He  served  the  town  most  cred- 
itably in  the  legislature  of  1836,  and  was  at  the  next  elec- 
tion nominated  as  the  Whig  candidate  for  Congress  from  the 


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268 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Hancock  and  Washington  district.  Owing  to  a  split  in  the 
Democratic  party,  there  were  several  unsuccessful  trials ; 
and,  after  Mr.  Hobbs  had  decided  to  remove  to  Bangor,  and 
Joseph  C.  Noyes  was  substituted  in  his  place  as  the  Whig 
candidate,  the  latter  was  chosen  on  the  fifth  ballot.  Mr. 
I.obbs  soon  became  a  leading  member  of  the  Penobscot  bar, 
and  continued  active  in  h's  profession  until  his  decease  at 
Bangor,  Oct.  ic,  1S54. 

Honorable  George  William  McLellan,  the  fourteenth  rep- 
resentative, son  of  William  and  Annie  C.  (Bur.iham)  McLel- 
lan, was  born  at  Portland,  Mc,  Oct.  3,  1803.  On  coming  to 
Eastport,  he  was  at  first  employed  in  the  countin^j'-room  of 
Daniel  Kilby,  and  afterward  was  established  in  business  on 
'lis  own  account.  He  soon  developed  a  taste  for  political 
life,  and  in  1836  was  chosen  as  the  Whig  candidate  to  the 
House  of  Representatives,  and  re-elected  the  following  year. 
The  Vv^higs  carried  the  State  in  1837,  and  in  1838  Governor 
Kent  appointed  Mr.  Mcl-ellan  high  sheriff  for  the  county  of 
Washington,  when  he  moved  to  Calais.  The  success  of  the 
Democratic  party  at  the  next  election  deprived  him  of  his 
office;  and,  remaining  at  Calais,  he  was  in  1840  chosen  to 
represent  that  town  in  the  legislature,  and,  when  Mr.  Noyes 
became  collector  of  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy,  he  was 
appointed  deputy  collector  at  Houlton,  By  a  political 
change,  he  lost  that  office,  and,  removing  to  Boston,  entered 
again  into  mercantile  business.  When  the  Whig  party  again 
came  into  power  by  the  election  of  General  Taylor  to  the 
presidency  in  1848,  Philip  Greely,  the  new  collector  of  Bos- 
ton, appointed  him  his  principal  deputy,  which  office  he  held 
for  several  years,  and,  after  retiring,  while  living  at  Cam- 
bridge, was  chosen  one  of  the  representatives  of  that  city  to 
the  Massachusetts  legislature.  In  the  great  political  cam- 
paign of  i860,  when  Abraham  Lincoln  was  chosen  President 
of  the  United  States,  Mr.  McLellan  was  secretary  of  the  Re- 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


269 


publican  State  Committee ;  and,  when  the  new  administra- 
tion came  into  power,  he  was  appointed  Assistant  Postmaster- 
General,  holding  the  office  several  years.  He  died  at  Wash- 
ington, Jan.  23,  1877. 

Isaac  Hobbs,  Esq.,  Whig,  who  was  the  fifteenth  represen- 
tative, chosen  in  183S,  was  the  son  of  Deacon  Isaac  and 
Mary  (Baldwin)  Hobbs,  born  at  Weston,  Mass.,  May  3,  1739. 
He  was  brother  ot  Frederic  Hobbs,  who  represented  the 
town  three  years  before.  Their  family  was  an  old  one  in 
the  town  of  Weston.  Their  grandfather  was  also  Deacon 
Ijaac  Hobbs,  and  the  house  which  he  built  one  hundred  and 
fifty  years  ago  is  still  standing.  Their  grandmother  on  the 
mother's  side  was  Rebecca  Cotton,  a  descendant  of  Rev. 
John  Cotton,  the  famous  Puritan  divine.  Mr.  Hobbs  was 
an  officer  in  the  Eastport  Light  Infantry  in  its  early  days. 
He  was  junior  partner  ot  the  firm  of  G.  &  I.  Hobbs,  for 
many  years  well  known  in  connection  with  commercial 
afifairs  of  Eastport.  The  house  was  intevestcd  in  shipping  ; 
and  their  busy  wharf  was  the  great  grindstone  depot,  the 
product  of  important  quarries  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of 
Fundy  passing  through  their  hands.  He  was  at  one  time  an 
officer  of  the  customs  at  Robbinston,  moved  afterward  to 
Massachusetts,  where  he  was  engaged  in  the  shoe  business 
in  connection  with  a  brother  in  New  Orleans.  He  died  at 
Charlestown,  Mass.,  March  3,  1853. 

The  sixteenth  representative  v.'as  Ichabod  Rollins  Chad- 
bourne,  I'lsq.,  chosen  in  1839,  and  re-elected  the  following 
year,  a  Whig  in  his  politics.  He  was  son  of  Jonathan  Ches- 
ley  and  Elizabeth  (Rollins)  Chadbourne,  born  at  South  Ber- 
wick, Me.,  Jan.  8,  1707.  He  was  descended  from  Humphrey 
Chadbourne,  who  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  first  settlers 
on  the  Piscataqua  J  and  his  grandfather,  Benjamin  Chad- 
bourne, was  prominent  in  the  Revolutionary  period,  having 
represented  South  Berwick  for  sixteen  years  in  the  General 


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270 


EASTPORT    AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Court  of  Massachusetts,  serving  in  1774  and  the  two  suc- 
ceeding years  in  the  council  from  Sagadahock  and  Maine 
under  the  royal  authority,  and  as  senator  and  councillor  for 
several  years  afterward  under  the  Constitution.  He  was 
also  judge  of  the  Court  of  Common  Pleas.  Mr.  Chad- 
bourne  graduated  at  Dartmouth  College  in  1808,  studied  law 
with  George  Wallingford  at  Kennebunk  and  Daniel  Davis 
at  Boston,  was  admitted  to  the  Suffolk  bar  in  181 2,  and 
came  to  Eastport  soon  after.  The  war  interrupted  his 
plans.  Practising  his  profession  awhile  at  Lubec,  he  was 
appointed  postmaster  there,  but  returned  to  Eastport  be- 
fore the  surrender  of  the  island  by  the  British,  and  was 
selected  by  the  citizens  to  make  the  address  of  welcome  to 
General  Miller  and  Colonel  Sargent  at  the  banquet  given 
to  celebrate  the  re-establishment  of  the  jurisdiction  of  the 
United  States.  He  was  chosen  and  served  as  captain  of  the 
Light  Infantry,  and  was  for  several  years  connected  with  the 
military  as  division  inspector.  Sullivan  S.  Rawson  was  after- 
ward connected  with  him  in  his  law  business  ;  and  Mr.  Chad- 
bourne  having  acquired  large  landed  property  in  Perry  by 
purchase  of  the  original  proprietors,  his  attention  was  mainly 
directed  to  its  management.  He  was  a  man  of  commanding 
presence,  a  marked  figure  in  our  streets,  an  effective  public 
speaker,  and  was  often  her  ;1  at  town  meetings  and  on  other 
occasions.  He  died  at  Eastport,  Dec.  8,  1855.  His  eldest 
son,  Theodore  Lincoln  Chadbourne,  was  graduated  at  West 
Point  in  the  same  class  with  General  Grant,  was  appointed 
second  lieutenant  in  the  Eighth  United  States  Infantry,  and 
fell  at  tiie  battle  of  Reseca  de  la  Palma  in  Mexico,  May  g, 
1846.  His  remains  were  brought  to  Eastport  for  burial; 
and  the  friends  and  associates  of  his  youth  erected  a  monu- 
ment to  his  memory  in  the  cemetery,  which  bears  an  inscrip- 
tion written  by  Dr.  Isaac  Ray,  a  former  resident  and  friend 
of  the  family. 


!   ■' 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


!7I 


Among  the  important  local  events  in  this  decade  were  the 
erection  of  Trescott  Hall  in  183 1,  the  Washington  Street 
Baptist  Church  in  1837,  and  the  establishment  of  the  Fron- 
tier Bank  in  1836,*  which  began  its  career  in  the  little  hip- 
roof building  that  prior  to  the  last  great  fire  stood  opposite 
the  foot  of  Washington  Street.  Being  at  one  time  an  impor- 
tant business  centre,  with  custom-house  and  post-ofiice  under 
its  low  roof,  it  was  familiarly  known  as  the  Exchange.  The 
fire  of  July  6,   1839,  was  a  serious  disaster.     Beginning  at 


I'KO.STIEK    HANK. 


1S36. 


a  little  building  known  as  "No.  9,"  next  north  of  the  Hay- 
den  store  and  from  the  foot  of  Boynton  Street,  it  swept 
southward  on  both  sides  o*"  Water  Street  to  Paine's  Wharf, 
destroying  stores,  stocks,  and  some  vessels ;  and  the  loss 
above  insurance  was  estimated  by  a  committee  of  the  town 
at  $112,000. 

The  influence  of  the  modern  system  of  centralization  in 
the  great  cities  upon  the  smaller  communities  of  the  country 

•Tin;  first  president  was  Aaron  H.iyden;  his  successors,  Samuel  Wlieeler,  William 
M.  Drooks,  O.  S.  Livermore,  S.  H.  Hume,  and  Kdw.  K.  .Shead ;  cashiers,  Edw.  Ilsley, 
C.  H.  Ilayden,  E.  J.  Noyes,  and  {'iCdine  H.  Hayes;  the  iircseiit  hoard  of  directors, 
E.  E.  Shead,  S.  I).  Leavitt,  C.  H.  Dyer,  G.  H.  Paine,  W.  S.  Hiimo,  C.  W.  Bibber  of 
Eastport,  and  Uenjamiii  Lincoln  u(  Dennysville. 


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EASTPORT   AXD    PASSAMAOUODDV 


has  frequently  been  noticed.  Half  a  century  ago,  before  the 
railroad  system  had  become  widely  extended  and  other  ap- 
IDliances  for  annihilating  time  and  space  had  been  invented, 
many  of  the  country  and  seaport  towns  of  New  England 
were  important  social  and  intellectual  centres,  each  with  its 
group  of  influential  families,  its  one  or  more  brilliant  legal 
advocates  and  skilful  medical  practitioners,  while  their  suc- 
cessors are  likely  to  be  found  among  the  specialists  in  great 
cities.  And  so  in  other  ways.  Families  of  means,  who  in 
those  days  would  have  been  found  at  home  the  year  round, 
extending  their  hospitalities  and  adding  their  influence  to 
the  social  life,  now  not  infreqrently  avoid  the  winter  climate 
by  going  to  some  more  genial  latitude,  or  seek  the  attrac- 
tions of  city  life  by  a  few  weeks'  residence  at  Boston  or 
Washington  ;  and  this  may  mean  a  serious  loss  to  the  social 
life  at  home.  To  be  sure,  when  summer  comes  round,  there 
is  a  movement  in  the  opposite  direction,  and  the  denizens  of 
the  cities  get  away  to  the  country  and  seacoast ;  but  this 
does  not  compensate  the  communities  that  suffer  from  the 
othei  tendency. 

Eastport,  like  many  places  similarly  situated,  has  felt  the 
effect  of  this  state  of  affairs;  and,  if  one  were  called  upon 
to  point  out  the  period  when  the  social  and  intellectual  life 
of  the  place  had  been  at  its  best,  if  familiar  with  its  past, 
I  think  he  would  select  the  years  of  the  thirties,  about  half 
a  century  ago.  Trescott  Hall  was  built  in  1S31,  and  in  its 
school-rooms  was  established  what  was  called  the  Eastport 
Academy  (two  schools,  one  for  boys  and  the  other  for  girls), 
where  ihe  higher  branches  were  taught  by  graduates  of  Bow- 
doin  College,  sorae  of  whom  have  since  made  their  mark  in 
the  pulpit  and  at  the  bar.  The  hall  above  was  the  home  of 
the  f^astport  Lyceum,  with  its  valuable  and  well-sustained 
courses  of  public  lectu  es :  and  liere  not  unfrequently  were 
held  balls  and  other  ontertainnients.     The  solid  as  well  as 


I'OLITICAL    HISTORY 


273 


the  lighter  literature  of  the  Eastport  Athena;um  found  many 
readers,  and  people  were  not  so  overrun  with  newspapers 
and  illustrated  magazines  as  not  to  have  time  for  the  A'orth 
Amcriian  and  foreign  quarterlies.  In  a  volume  of  American 
travel  by  an  English  officer,  published  in  London  at  this 
time,  the  writer  expresses  his  surprise  at  the  extent  and 
quality  of  the  stock  in  Favor's  bookstore,  which  he  visited 
while  passing  through  Eastport.  Mr.  Sabine  was  busy  with 
his  historical  researches;  and  Ur.  Ray  was  writing  his  work 
on  the  "Medical  Jurisprudence  of  Insanity,"  the  beginning  of 
his  valuable  labors  in  that  specialty.  The  bar  was  well  rep- 
resented by  J.  D.  Weston,  I.  R.  Chadbourne,  and  Frederic 
Hobbs  among  the  older  lawyers ;  I).  T.  Granger,  S.  S.  Raw- 
son,  and  Nelson  Weston,  junior  partners,  and  Aaron  Hay- 
den,  who  had  come  back  to  his  native  town  from  graduation. 
The  garrison  at  P'ort  Sullivan,  with  the  stars  and  stripes 
floating  aloft,  not  only  added  a  picturesque  element  to  the 
life  of  the  town  by  its  drum-beats  and  sunset  guns  and 
sprinkling  of  uniforms  in  the  streets,  but  the  families  of  the 
officers,  Major  Churchill,  Captain  Childs,  Lieutenant  Green, 
Dr.  Sprague,  and  others,  helped  tho  character  of  its  social 
elements.  Across  the  line,  the  immediate  descendants  of  the 
American  Loyalists  were  still  the  social  and  political  leaders, 
with  some  inheritance  of  the  old  courtly  manners.  They 
visited  our  families,  and  from  all  pomts  of  the  neighboring 
provinces  came  here  to  take  passage  by  the  famous  Eastport 
packets,  the  favorite  route  to  Boston  and  what  was  then  the 
West,  not  unwilling  to  rest  awhile  at  the  old  "  Quoddy 
House "  of  their  fellow  Loyalist,  Captain  Alplieus  Pine. 
When  the  average  length  of  a  passage  to  Boston  was  three 
or  four  days,  and  might  be  longer  than  it  now  takes  to  go  to 
Europe,  the  place  was  comparatively  insulated,  especially  in 
winter;  and  the  peo])le,  compelled  to  find  their  enjoyment  at 
home,  managed  to  have  pretty  good  times. 


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274 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Town  officers  during  this  period  :  — 

Moderators:  J.  C.  Noyes,  1831,  1832,  1835,  1836,  1S37, 
and  1S40  ;  Benjamin  Folsom,  1833;  F.  Hobbs,  1S34;  I.  R. 
Chadbourne,   1S38  and   1839. 

Town  clerks:  Edward  Baker,  1S31,  1S35,  1836,  1837,  and 
1S38;  John  D.  Weston,  1832,  1833,  and  1S34;  N.  F.  Fos- 
dick,  1839  ;  Oliver  Shead,  1840. 

Treasurer:  S.  Wheeler,  1831,  1832,  and  1833;  A.  Hay- 
den,  1S34,  1S35,  1836,  1S37  :  C.  H.  Hayden,  1838,  1839, 
and   1840. 

Selectmen:  Benjamin  Folsom,  1831,  1832,  1833;  W.  M. 
Brooks,  183T,  1832,  1833,  1834,  1S39,  and  1840;  E.  Rich- 
ardson, 1S31  and  1S32  ;  Jesse  Gleason,  1S33,  1834,  1835, 
1836,  1S37,  and  1S38;  D.  Pearce,  1834  and  1S35  ;  S.  B. 
Wadsworth,  1S35  ^'""^^  1836;  Samuel  Rice,  1836;  O.  S.  Liv- 
ermore,  1837,  1S38,  1839  and  1840  ]  J.  L.  Bowman,  1837; 
L.  Shaw,  1838  ;  L.  F.  Wheeler,  1S39  ^^^^  1840. 

The  population  of  the  town  in  1840  was  2,876. 

At  the  annual  election  in  September,  1841,  there  was  no 
choice  of  representative  to  the  legislature,  the  law  then 
requiring  an  absolute  majority  of  all  ballots  cast,  and 
neither  candidate  had  the  necessary  number.  At  a  special 
meeting  called  a  week  later,  the  contest  was  renewed ;  and 
Jabez  Tucker  Pike,  Esq.,  was  chosen  the  seventeenth  rep- 
resentative of  the  town.  He  was  son  of  Elias  and  Ruth 
Tucker  (Stevens)  Pike,  born  at  Salisbury,  Mass.,  June  21, 
18 13.  Having  learned  the  trade  of  cooper,  he  came  to  P^ast- 
port,  and  afterward,  as  the  head  of  the  firm  of  J.  T.  Pike 
..\:  Co.,  carried  on  the  fishing  business  at  an  extensive  estab- 
lishment near  Clark's  Ledge  at  the  North  End.  He  was 
interested  in  military  matters,  was  captain  of  the  Eastport 
Washington  Artillery,  and  was  for  several  years  an  inspector 
of  the  customs.  In  politics,  he  was  a  Democrat,  and  the 
first  member  of  that  party  chosen  since  the  modern  division 


■h. 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


275 


of  parlies,  and  was  re-elected  in  1842.  Some  years  ago,  he 
moved  to  California;  and  his  present  horn's  is  at  Sacramento 
City. 

At  the  election  in  1S43,  the  town  returned  to  its  old  habit 
and  chose  the  Whig  candidate,  and  now  for  the  first  time 
one  of  its  own  children,  the  eighteenth  representative  being 
Samuel  Bucknam,  Esq.,  son  of  Ezra  T.  and  Eliza  (Buck- 
nam)  Bucknam,  born  at  Kastport,  April  11,  1812.  The 
father  had  been  a  prominent  citizen  of  the  place  in  business 
and  town  matters,  but  afterward  moved  back  to  Falmouth, 
the  old  home  of  the  Bucknams.  The  son,  coming  here  again, 
was  for  many  years  in  the  fishing  business,  trade,  and  navi- 
gation. He  served  one  year  in  the  legislature,  and  was  not 
a  candidate  for  re-election.  He  is  now  living  at  Grinnell  in 
the  State  of  Iowa. 

The  nineteenth  representative,  chosen  in  1844,  was  Hon- 
orable Aaron  Hayden,  the  candidate  of  the  Whig  party. 
He  was  son  of  Deacon  Aaron  and  Ruth  Richard  (Jones) 
Hayden,  born  at  Eastport,  Sept.  23,  18 14. 

The  Hayden  House,  where  the  nineteenth  and  twenty- 
ninth  representatives  were  born,  was  built  by  Deacon  Hay- 
den in  1S05,  and  has  been  modernized  by  General  S.  D. 
Leavitt,  its  present  owner.  Mr.  Hayden  was  graduated  at 
Harvard  University  in  1834;  and  his  legal  education  was 
acquired  in  the  otifice  of  Frederic  Hobbs  of  this  town,  at 
the  Law  School  in  Cambridge,  and  with  Charles  G.  Loring, 
of  Boston.  He  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law  in 
Suffolk  County  in  1S38,  and  at  the  bar  of  Benobscot  County 
the  same  year.  Returning  soon  to  I'lastpori,  he  continued 
to  practise  his  profession,  and  kejn  up  an  interest  in  politi- 
cal and  educational  matters.  He  seived  several  years  on 
the  board  of  selectmen  and  as  a  member  of  the  school 
committee,  also  on  the  State  Board  of  Education.  At  the 
breaking  out  of  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  lie  was  active  in 


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276 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


promoting  enlistments  in  the  first  companies  tliat  left  this 
vicinity.  In  1845,  he  was  chosen  representative  for  a  second 
term,  and  held  an  influential  position  in  the  legislature,  and 
in  1855  was  elected  one  of  the  senators  from  Washington 
County.     He  died  at  Eastport,  Oct.  22,  1865. 

The  twentieth  representative,  chosen  in  1S46,  was  Thomas 
Gleason  Jones,  Esq.,  who  was  also  a  Whig  in  politics.     He 


was  son  of  Stephen  and  Elizabeth  (Young)  Jones,  born  at 
Eastport,  April  23,  1817  ;  and  he  served  a  second  term, 
being  re-elected  in  1847.  He  was  employed  in  mercantile 
business,  removed  from  town  a  few  years  later,  lived  in  sev- 
eral places  at  the  South  and  West,  and  died  at  Anoka,  Minn. 
Henry  Tilton  Emery,  Esq.,  Whig,  was  chosen  the  twenty- 
first  representative  of  the  town  in  1S48.  He  was  son  of  Caleb 
and  Mary  Jane  (James)   Emery,  born  at  Kittery,  March  31, 


Hf' 


POLITICAL   HISTORY 


277 


17S3.  He  was  for  several  years  engaged  in  trade  here, 
afterward  at  Deer  Island,  X.B.,  in  connection  with  an  East- 
port  firm,  and  then  moved  to  one  of  the  farming  towns  in 
Penobscot  County.  Returning  here,  he  lived  at  Kendall's 
Head  at  the  time  of  his  election  to  the  legislature,  and  died 
here  April  10,  1S65.  One  of  his  sons,  J.  Woodman  Kmery, 
was  for  several  years  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Sentinel. 

The  twenty-second  representative,  chosen  in  1849,  was 
Bion  Bradbury,  Esq.,  a  Democrat.  He  was  son  of  Jeremiah 
and  Mary  Langdon  (Storer)  Bradbury,  born  at  Biddeford, 
Dec.  6,  iSii.  His  mother's  family  was  connected  by  mar- 
riage with  that  of  Governor  John  Langdon,  of  New  Hamp- 
shire. He  was  graduated  at  Bowdoin  College  in  1830,  and 
studied  law  with  Daniel  Goodenow  of  Alfred  and  William 
Pitt  Preble  of  Portland.  In  1S34,  he  was  admitted  to  prac- 
tice in  the  county  of  York,  and  entered  upon  the  work  of  his 
profession  the  same  year  at  Calais,  which  town  he  repre- 
sented in  the  legislature  i'l  1842.  In  July,  1844,  he  was 
appointed  collector  of  cr.stoms  for  the  district  of  Passama- 
quoddy  by  President  Tyler,  and  moved  to  Eastport.  In 
1849,  after  the  accession  of  General  Taylor,  the  Whig  candi- 
date, to  the  presidency,  a  member  of  that  party  was  ap- 
pointed in  his  place.  At  the  next  presidential  election,  the 
Democratic  party  was  again  successful ;  and  President  Pierce 
reappointed  Mr.  Bradbury  to  the  collectorship,  and  he  re- 
mained through  that  administration  until  the  expiration  of 
his  term  in  1853,  and  then  continued  in  the  practice  of  his 
profession  at  Eastport.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of 
the  Rebellion,  the  patriotic  stand  taken  by  Mr.  Bradbury 
commanded  the  resi^cct  of  his  political  opponents ;  and, 
though  there  was  a  large  Republican  majority  in  town,  he 
was  with  great  unanimity  nominated  for  representative  to  the 
legislature,  and  chosen  in  1S61,  with  only  a  few  scattering 
votes  against  him.     He  soon  after  removed  to  Portland,  and 


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278 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


established  himself  in  his  profession.  He  was  at  that  time 
the  acknowledged  leader  of  the  Democratic  party  in  Maine, 
and  was  their  candidate  for  governor,  failing  of  election 
only  because  of  the  strong  Republican  majority  in  the  State. 
He  was  appointed  surveyor  of  the  port  of  Portland  by  Presi- 
dent Cleveland,  and  died  in  that  city  while  in  office,  July 
18,   1887. 

Doctor  Erastus  Richardson  was  the  twenty-third  represen- 
tative, chosen  in  1850,  and  at  the  next  election  re-elected  for 
a  second  term.  He  was  a  Whig  in  politics.  He  was  son  of 
Amasa  and  Elizabeth  (Richardson)  Richardson,  born  at 
Franklin,  Mass.,  April  3,  1794.  He  studied  with  physicians 
of  his  neighborhood,  and  completed  his  medical  education 
at  Brown  University,  Providence,  R.I.,  where  he  received  his 
degree  in  18 18,  and  that  same  year  began  the  practice  of  his 
jM'ofession  at  Eastport.  He  was  for  several  years  a  most 
efficient  town  officer.     He  died  at  Eastport,  May  23,  1855. 

Early  in  this  decade  may  be  set  down  the  establishment 
of  regular  steam  navigation  between  Eastport  and  l^joston. 
Nearly  twenty  years  earlier,  by  the  enterprise  of  Jonathan 
Bartlett,  a  line  of  steamers  was  started  along  the  coast, 
touching  at  Castine,  Bath,  etc.,  and  a  few  trips  were  made  by 
the  steam-brig  "  New  York  "  and  the  other  craft ;  but  it  was 
not  a  success,  and  travel  went  back  to  the  noted  sailing 
packets  of  those  days,  the  "Boundary,"  "Edward  Preble,'' 
"Sarah,"  "Splendid,"  and  "  Hayden."  Afterward,  English 
steamers  —  the  "Royal  Tar,"  "North  America,"  and  others 
—  ran  from  St.  John  to  Boston,  touching  here  ;  and,  as  they 
could  not  run  direct  between  two  American  ports,  they 
cleared  from  here  to  Campobello,  and  thence  to  Boston, 
returning  same  wav.  Earlv  in  the  forties,  American  steamers 
came  on  the  route,  first  the  "IJangor,"  then  the  "  Portland," 
followed  by  the  "Telegraph"  and  "Huntress,"  until  the 
"  Admiral "    and    "  Senator,"   and   afterward    the    "  Eastern 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


279 


•^t^*'' 


City,"  were  specially  built  for  the  route.  Then  came  the 
"  Adelaide,"  and  these  were  followed  by  steamers  well 
known  to  the  modern  travelling  public. 

The  principal  public  house  of  this  period  was  Mabee's 
Hotel,  originally  the  private  residence  of  Captain  John  N. 
Peavey,  a  prominent  citizen  in  the  early  years  of  the  cen- 
tury. It  was  afterward  used  as  a  tavern,  and  from  time  to 
time  received  additions  and  improvements  until  it  became 
the  large  "  Island  House,"  which  was  destroyed  in  the  fire  of 
18S6  ;  and  the  spacious  new  hotel,  the  "Quoddy,"  has  been 
built  on  the  same  site. 

The  erection  of  a  new  custom-house  may  be  recorded  as 
a  notable  event  of 
this  period.  The 
first  collector  of 
the  district  of  Pas- 
samaquoddy  kept 
his  office  at  the 
place  below  Shack- 
ford's  Cove,  where 
the  name  Custom 
House  Street  is 
still  preserved.  On 
the  capture  of  the 

island  in  18 14,  the  office  was  removed  to  Lubec,  and  re- 
mained there  until  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Thacher's  suc- 
cessor in  1829,  there  being  at  Eastport  only  a  sub-office 
under  charge  of  Deputy  Collector  J,  D.  Weston,  kept  in  the 
liat-roofed  building  at  the  foot  of  Washington  Street,  in  the 
farther  end  of  which  Judge  Burgin  had  the  post-office.  The 
United  States  owned  a  wharf  and  building  in  the  "  Hollow," 
which  had  come  into  its  possession  in  the  collection  of  a 
government  claim  ;  and.  in  accordance  with  the  economical 
habits  of  those  days,  this  cheap  and  shabby  edifice  was  for 


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a  score  of  years  the  head-quarters  of  the  large  foreign  and 
coastwise  business  of  the  district.  In  1849,  ^'"'^  spacious  and 
substantial  government  building  which  succumbed  at  the 
recent  fire  was  erected  at  an  expense  of  $40,000 ;  and  now 
a  much  larger  sum  is  to  be  expended  in  building  another  in 
its  place. 

When,  in   iSii,  the  larger  portion  of  the  town  of  Eastport 


l)ii.U,|lBlillHill|Jl|ljp|,J|,I^L 
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was  set  off  and  incorporated  by  the  name  of  Lubec,  the 
islands  lying  between  the  two  places  went  with  the  latter. 
In  1S47,  by  an  act  of  the  Maine  legislature,  that  part  of  the 
territory  of  Lubec  known  as  Allan's  or  Dudley  Island  was 
restored  to  Eastport ;  and,  as  will  be  seen  later,  a  resident 
of  this  territory  was  afterward  chosen  to  represent  the  town 
in  the  State  legislature.     Population  in  1850,  4,125. 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


:Si 


Town  officers  of  this  period  :  — 

Moderators:  J.  C.  Noyes,  1S41  ;  S.  S.  Rawson,  1842; 
D.  T.  Granger,  1S43,  1S44,  1S45,  1S46,  1847,  1S48,  1S49, 
and   1850. 

Town  clerks:  O.  Shead,  1S41,  1S42,  1843,  1844;  C,  W. 
Hume,  1845,  1S46,  1847 ;  S.  R.  Byram,  1S4S,  1849,  and 
1850. 

Treasurers  :  C.  H.  Hayden,  1841,  1842,  1843,  1844,  1845, 
1846,  1847  ;  J.  French,  1848  ;  G.  A.  Peabody,  1849,  1S50. 

Selectnien  :  W.  M.  Brooks,  1841  ;  G.  La:nphrey,  1841  ; 
I.  D.  Andrews,  1841  ;  S.  S.  Rawson,  1842  ;  L.  F.  Wheeler, 
1842  ;  G.  H.  Robl^ins,  1842  ;  C.  H.  Hayden,  1S43  ;  Jerry 
Burgin,  1843;  C.  S.  Carpenter,  1843,  1844,  1845,  1846,  1847; 
J.  L.  Bowman,  1844,  ^850;  O,  s  'J/ermnre,  1844,  1S45, 
1846,  1847;  A.  Hayden,  1845,  184''  847,  1849,  1S50; 
H.  A.  Pettingill,  1847;  S.  B.  Wadsworth,  1848;  R.  Mowe, 
Jr.,  1S48  ;  M.  D.  Bibber,  1849;  E.  Richardson,  1848,  1849, 
1850. 

In  1846,  a  change  was  made  in  the  time  of  the  meeting  of 
the  legislature;  and  the  State  made  the  experiment  of  sum- 
mer sessions,  assembling  in  May  instead  of  January,  as 
before.  After  trying  this  half  a  dozen  years,  it  was  flecided 
to  go  back  to  the  old  arrangement.  The  legislature  chosen 
in  1850  held  it::,  regular  session  in  May,  1851,  and  a  brief 
session  of  twenty-two  days  in  May,  1852,  the  State  election 
being  omitted.  So,  though  Dr.  Richardson  was  elected  but 
twice,  he  served  through  three  years. 

At  the  election  in  1853,  Joseph  Gunnison,  Esq.,  Whig,  was 
chosen  the  twenty-fourth  representative  of  the  town.  He 
was  son  of  Elisha  and  Jk'tsey  (Rounds)  Gunnison,  born  at 
Buxton,  May  10,  1799.  He  first  came  to  Eastport  in  1S15, 
and  was  employed  as  clerk  in  a  store.  Afterward,  as  partner 
in  the  firm  of  Bucknam  X:  Gunnison,  he  was  extensively  en- 
gaged in   trade,  and  later  carried  on  business  at  St.  Joiin, 


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EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


N.B.,  and  at  Magaguadavic.  Returning  here,  he  established 
in  1842  the  first  express  running  between  Boston  and  this 
section,  and  continued  in  that  business  through  many  years. 
In  1849,  '"'^  ^^'^s  appointed  surveyor  of  the  port  of  Eastport 
by  President  Taylor,  and  continued  a  full  term.  After  the 
election  of  President  Lincoln,  he  was  appointed  an  inspector 
of  the  customs  at  Mastport,  and  died  while  holding  that  office, 
June  2,  1874.  He  served  a  second  term  in  the  legislature. 
At  this  time,  important  changes  were  taking  place  in  the 
political  organizations  of  the  country.  The  Free-soil  party  — 
the  outgrowth  of  the  anti-slavery  sentiment  —  had  assumed 
large  proportions ;  and  another  short-lived  party,  called 
Know  Nothings,  with  native  American  sentiments,  had 
sprung  into  existence.  These  drew  largely  from  both  of  the 
old  parties;  and  in  1854  the  Republican  party  may  be  said 
to  have  been  born,  absorbing  the  Free-soil  party  and,  in  the 
Northern  States,  the  bulk  of  the  Whig  party.  A  fragment  of 
the  latter  still  adhered  to  the  old  name,  and  was  known  as 
straight  Whig.  In  1S53,  this  element  united  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party,  and  elected  Judge  Samuel  Wells  governor  of  the 
State ;  and  the  same  combination  also  carried  Eastport,  and 
chose  Upham  Stowers  Treat,  Esq.,  Democrat,  the  twenty- 
fifth  representative  of  the  town.  He  was  son  of  Robert  and 
Mary  (Ridley)  Treat,  born  at  Prospect,  Me.,  March  to,  1808. 
He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the  canning  business  in  this 
country,  and  came  first  to  Eastport  and  set  up  an  establish- 
ment for  canning  lobsters  at  the  Ijillings  place.  He  after- 
ward purchased  and  moved  to  the  island  in  our  harbor 
which  has  since  been  generally  known  by  his  name.  His- 
torically, it  is  Dudley  or  Allan's  Island,  the  former  in  the 
treaties  and  diplomatic  correspondence  between  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain,  and  the  latter  in  the  legislative 
acts  of  the  State  of  Maine.  As  it  was  first  owned  by,  and  is 
the  burial-place  of,   the   Revolutionary  patr'ot,  John  Allan, 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


2S3 


it  should  continue  to  be  called  Allan's  Island.  Mr.  Treat 
resided  on  this  satellite  of  our  island  when  he  represented 
the  town.  A  score  of  years  later,  when  the  Japanese  govern- 
ment wished  to  have  its  people  instructed  in  the  processes  of 
preserving  meats  and  vegetables  by  canning,  application  was 
made  for  the  friendly  services  of  the  United  States  authorities 
in  sending  them  a  competent  teacher  ;  and  Mr.  Treat  was 
selected  for  that  purpose.  After  going  to  Washington  for 
instructions,  he  left  for  Japan  in  July,  1877.  and   was  em- 


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ployed   there   several   years.     He  died  at   St.   Paul,  Minn., 
Nov.  2,  1883. 

In  1S5O,  the  newly  formed  Republican  ]\irty  swept  the 
State,  electing  Hannibal  Hamlin  governor  by  a  large  major- 
ity; but  Eastport  was  not  yet  ready  to  fall  into  the  line,  a'ld 
chose  Humphrey  Pike,  Esq.,  Democrat,  the  twenty-sixth  rep- 
resentative, and  he  was  re-elected  the  following  year.  He 
was  son  of  l',lias  and  Ruth  Tucker  (Stevens)  Pike,  born  at 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  Aug.  13,  iSii,  and  brother  of  Jabez  T. 
Pike,  seventeenth  representative  of   the  town.     He  was    at 


284 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


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one  time  an  inspector  of  the  customs,  filled  for  several  years 
the  otKice  of  collector  of  taxes,  and  finally  established  a 
flourishing  meat  market.  He  died  at  Kastport,  Aug.  25, 
1880. 

The  twenty-seventh  representative  was  Caleb  Stetson  Hus- 
ton, Esq.,  Republican,  son  of  Robert  and  Hannah  (Stetson) 
Huston,  born  at  Robbinston,  Nov.  19,  18 14.  His  father  was 
the  well-known  Eastport  ship-builder  of  his  day,  and  the  son 
his  assistant  and  successor ;  and,  between  them  both,  they 
were  the  builders  of  the  principal  part  of  the  fine  sailing  craft 
which  gave  our  frontier  town  its  wide  commercial  celebrity. 
He  was  re-elected  in  1859.  He  retired  from  business,  and 
died  at  Eastport,  Nov.  19,  1S87. 

In  i860,  Asa  Bucknam,  Esq.,  Republican,  was  chosen  the 
twenty-eighth  representative.  He  was  son  of  John  and 
Betsey  (Bucknam)  Bucknam,  born  at  Falmouth  Dec.  30, 
1822,  and  cousin  of  Samuel  Bucknam,  the  eighteenth  repre- 
sentative. He  was  for  several  years  engaged  in  trade  and 
the  fishing  business  at  Little's  Cove,  and  held  the  office  of 
selectman.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  of  the  Rebel- 
lion in  1S61,  there  being  a  desire  to  ignore  party  lines  for 
the  occasion,  and  send  Bion  Bradbury,  Esq.,  a  prominent 
Democrat,  to  the  legislature,  Mr.  Bucknam  did  not  allow 
himself  to  be  a  candidate;  but  the  following  year  he  was 
chosen  again,  and  served  a  second  term.  He  died  at  East- 
port,  Sept.  9,  1S78. 

Town  ofticers  from  1850  to  1S60  :  — 

Moderators:  D.  T.  Granger,  1S51,  1852,  1S53,  1854; 
I.  R.  Chadbourne,  1855;  B.  Bradbury,  1856;  J.  M.  Liver- 
more,  1857,  1858,  1859,  and  i860. 

Town  clerks:  S.  R.  Byram,  1851,  1S52  ;  R.  B.  Clark, 
1853,  1854,  1855,   1856,   1857,   1858,   1859,  and  i860. 

Treasurers:  G.  A.  Peabody,  1852,  1S58,  1S59,  and  i860; 
R.  Mowe,  Jr.,  1S53,  1854,  1856,  1857;  John  Hinckley,  1855. 


POLITICAL   HISTORY 


285 


Selectmen:  A.  Hayden,  1S51,  1S52,  1853,  1S54,  1S55, 
1S56 ;  E.  Richardson,  1S51,  1852,  1853;  J.  L.  l>o\vman, 
185 1,  1852,  1853,  1855,  1857;  K.  H.  Andrews,  1854,  1856; 
R.  Mowe,  Jr.,  1854,  1856,  1858;  S.  Leighton,  1855;  H. 
Whelpley,  1857,  185S,  1859,  i860;  S.  Stevens,  1857,  1858, 
1859,   1S60 ;   J.  M,  Livermore,   1S59,   1S60. 

Population  in  i860,  3,850. 

In  1863,  William  Henry  Kilby,  Esq.,  Republican,  was  chosen 
the  twenty-ninth  representative,  and  was  re-elected  in  1864. 
He  was  son  of  Daniel  and  Joanna  (Hobart)  Kilby,  born  at 
Eastport  March  24,  1820,  and  is  now  a  resident  of  Boston. 
His  father  was  the  ninth  representative  of  this  town. 

Honorable  Partmon  Houj^hton,  Republican,  was  chosen 
the  thirtieth  representative  in  1S65.  He  was  born  at  15olton, 
Mass.,  May  3,  1806,  son  of  Eleazar  and  Jjccke  (Barrett) 
Houirhton.  He  began  mercantile  life  with- the  cotton  manu- 
facturing  house  of  Parker,  Wilder  &  Co.  of  Boston,  and 
came  to  Eastport  in  1827.  First  as  junior  partner  of  the 
fnm  of  Gleason  &  Houghton,  and  then  by  himself,  he  con- 
tinued in  active  business  until,  in  the  fire  of  '64,  his  store 
in  Parallel  Ijlock  was  destroyed.  After  serving  one  year 
as  representative,  he  was  in  1866  chosen  one  of  the  sen- 
ators for  Washington  County,  and  re-elected  for  a  second 
term  in  1867.  In  1870,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
commission  for  establishing  the  valuation  of  the  State.  He 
died  at  Eastport,  Dec.  12,  1887;  :ind  among  the  public  be- 
quests in  hjs  will  were  $2,000  to  the  town  for  tlie  care  of  the 
cemetery  and  a  much  larger  sum  for  the  benefit  of  deserving 
and  needy  aged  women  of  Eastport. 

The  thirty-tirst  representative  of  the  town  was  Charles 
Brooks  Paine,  Esq.,  Republican,  chosen  in  1866,  and  re- 
elected the  following  year.  He  was  son  of  Zebulon  A.  and 
Margaret  (Starboard)  Paine,  born  at  Eastport,  Sept.  19,  1822. 
He  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business  as  a  member  of  the 


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2S6 


EASTPORT   AND    I'AsSAMAQUOUDY 


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well-known,  successful  house  established  by  his  father,  and 
continued,  after  his  decease,  by  his  son  and  other  descend- 
ants of  the  founder.  He  served  as  town  treasurer,  and  died 
suddenly  at  Chelmsford,  Mass.,  June  26,  1879,  while  visiting 
his  sister,  Mrs.  D.  A.  Bussell. 

The  thirty-second   representative  of   the  town,  chosen  in 


SAVINGS    HANK,    1SS7. 

1868,  was  Honorable  Alden  Bradford,  son  of  Andrew  R. 
and  Betsy  (Blatchford)  Dradford,  born  at  Eastport,  April  25, 
1S28.  His  grandfather  was  one  of  the  early  ship-builders  at 
Robbinston  ;  and  the  family  is  of  the  stock  of  the  Pilgrim 
governor,  William  Bradford.  He  has  been  connected  with 
the  clothing  house  of  which  he  is  the  present  head  from  the 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


2S7 


beginning.  He  was  re-elected  representative  in  1S69,  and 
in  1 8 78  was  chosen  one  of  tlie  senators  from  Washington 
County,  and  returned  again  the  following  year.  It  is  a  nota- 
ble fact  that  there  was  but  a  single  lawyer  in  the  Senate  of 
18S0;  and,  as  he  was  made  president  of  the  body,  it  became 
necessary  to  put  a  non-professional  man  at  the  head  of  the 
judiciary  committee,  and  that  position  fell  to  Senator  Drad- 
ford.  He  is  now  president  of  the  Eastport  Savings  Bank, 
which  was  established  in  1869,*  has  a  fine  banking  house, 
recently  built,  and  a  deposit  of  over  $300,000. 

Town  officers  from  i860  to  1870  :  — 

Moderators:  J.  M.  Livermore,  1S61  to  1869,  inclusive; 
G.  W.  Chadbourne,  1870. 

Clerks:  G.  W.  Sabine,  1861  ;  S.  R.  T.yram,  1862  to  1870. 
inclusive. 

Treasurer  :   G.  A.  Peabody,  186 1  to  1870,  inclusive. 

Selectmen  :  J.  M.  Livermore,  1861  to  1S69,  inclusive  ;  H. 
VVhelpley,  1861  to  1869,  inclusive;  Simon  Stevens,  18C1, 
1862,  1863,  1864,  1865  ;  M.  Small,  1866,  1S67  ;  E.  S.  Corey, 
1S68  ;  R.  B.  Clark,  1869,  1870;  N.  B.  Nutt,  1870;  A.  Brad- 
ford, 1870. 

The  most  important  local  event  of  this  period  was  the 
disastrous  fire  of  Oct.  22,  1864,  which  swept  through  the 
business  part  of  the  town,  and  occasioned  a  loss  of  nearl\- 
$200,000  above  insurance. 

The  Passaniaquoddy  Hotel,  built  in  this  period,  and  de- 
stroyed in  the  last  great  fire,  was  a  large  and  v.ell-kept  public 
house. 

Population,  3,736. 

The  thirty-third  representative  of  the  town,  chosen  in  Sep- 
tember, 1870,  was  Joseph  Anderson,  P^sq.,  Republican,  son 
of   Joseph    and  Rebecca  (Morris)  Anderson,  born  at  East- 


1 


■^i 


•At  tlie  outset,  Jolin  Ft.  McLarren  was  president,  and  X.  F?.  Nutt  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  present  bf>ar(l  of  trustees  consists  of  Alden  liradford,  N.  li.  Nutt,  Simon 
Stevens,  Wiiislow  Hates,  J.  W.  Hinckley,  R.  I'.  Clark,  J.  W.  Doring,  J.  Anderson,  and 
J.  J.  I'ike,  A'.den  Flradford  lieing  president,  and  N.  R.  Nutt  secretary  and  treasurer. 


M 


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2SS 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


port,  Oct.  20,  1823  ;  is  a  master  carpenter  and  builder,  having 
carried  on  that  business  in  town  and  vicinity  ever  since  com- 
ing: to  manhood.  He  served  for  several  vears  as  chairman 
of  the  board  of  selectmen  and  as  moderator  at  the  annual 
town  meetings.  He  was  re-elected  representative  in  1S71  ; 
is  still  in  active  business  at  Eastport. 

Simon  Stevens,  l-^sq.,  Republican,  was  chosen  the  thirty- 


fourth  representative  in  1S72.  He  was  son  of  Abel  and 
Sarah  (Thaxter)  Stevens,  born  at  Portland,  Oct.  23,  18 13. 
With  his  father,  and  as  his  successor,  he  carried  on  for  many 
years  a  meat-market  at  the  old  town  landing  at  the  foot  of 
Boynton  Street,  retiring  from  business  a  few  years  since  ; 
and  he  still  lives  in  Eastport.     In  his  younger  days,  when 


POLITICAL    fHS  rORY 


•89 


the  Eastport  Light  Infantry  was  a  crack  corps,  he  was  one 
of  its  lieutenants  ;  and  for  several  years  he  served  on  the 
board  of  selectmen.  A  dozen  years  after  his  first  term  oi 
service,  he  was  in  1SS4  again  chosen  to  represent  the  town 
in  the  State  legislature. 

Eastport  still  maintained  its  Republican  majority;  but  in 
'873>  ^'1  ''^•1  issue  connected  with  the  introduction  of  rail- 
roads. General  Samuel  Dean  Leavitt,  a  Democrat,  was 
chosen  the  thirty-fifth  representative  of  the  town,  and  was 
re-elected  the  following  year.  He  was  son  of  Benjamin  B. 
and  Hannah  (Lamprey)  Leavitt,  born  at  Eastport,  Aug.  u, 
1S38.  His  grandfather,  Jonathan  Leavitt,  a  native  of  Hamp- 
ton Falls,  N.H.,  was  one  of  the  early  settlers  of  Eastport 
and  moderator  of  the  first  town  meeting,  held  May  21,  1798, 
and  died  here  Jan.  35,  18 10.  He  served  as  a  captain  in  the 
Revolutionary  War ;  and  his  commission  as  captain  lieuten- 
ant, made  in  quaint  form  in  the  name  of  the  government  and 
people  of  the  State  of  New  Hampshire,  and  signed  by 
.Mesech  Weare,  president  of  the  council  at  Exeter,  June  30, 
1779,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  his  grandson.  In  the  War 
of  the  Rebellion,  the  latter  held  a  commission  as  first  lieuten- 
ant in  the  Fifteenth  Regiment  of  Maine  Volunteers,  which 
was  attached  to  the  department  of  the  Oulf,  and  served  as 
commissary  of  subsistence  at  New  Orleans.  He  was  after- 
ward admitted  as  a  member  of  the  Washington  County  bar. 
In  1S79,  when  a  fusion  of  the  Democratic  and  Greenback 
parties  carried  Maine,  he  was,  as  a  member  of  the  former, 
chosen  adjutant-general  of  the  State.  He  is  now  collector 
of  customs  for  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy,  by  the  ap- 
pointment of   President  Cleveland. 

Honorable    Seward     Bucknam    Hume,    Republican,    was 


ntative  in  1875,  and  re-elected 

of  William  and  Augusta  (Jack- 

an)   Hume,  born  at  Eastport,  Aug.  15,  18 13.     He  received 


chosen  the  thirty-sixth  represe 
the  following  year.    He  was 
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290 


EASlI'OkT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


in  early  life  a  business  training,  and  tstablished  over  half 
a  century  ago  the  successful  commercial  house  which  still 
bears  his  name,  and  is  carried  on  by  his  sons.  He  was  for 
several  years  president  of  the  I'rontier  National  Bank.  In 
1880,  he  was  nominated  by  the  Republicans  an  elector  of 
President  and  \'ice-president  for  Maine,  chosen  to  that  office, 


FK'iNTIlK    NATriNAI.    liANk,    lS*7, 

and  voted  for  President  Garfield.  In  1884,  he  was  elected 
one  of  the  senators  for  Washington  County,  which  position 
he  held  at  the  time  of  his  death  at  Eastport,  Sept.  10,  1S85. 
The  thirty-seventh  representative  was  George  Henry  Rob- 
bins,  Esq.,  Republican,  first  chosen  in  1877.  He  was  son  of 
Ebenezer  and  Mercy  ( Bartlett)  Robbins,  born  at  Portland, 
Jan.  18,  1807.     His  mother  was  sister  of  Jonathan  Bartlett, 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


391 


the  fifth  representative  of  the  town.  He  came  to  Eastport 
while  a  boy,  and  learned  the  pump  and  block-makinj^  busi-* 
ness,  which  he  followed  many  years.  He  was  at  one  time 
selectman  and  for  several  years  an  inspector  of  customs. 
Always  interested  in  public  matters,  he  devoted  a  good  deal 
of  time  and  effort  in  the  closing  years  of  his  life  to  arouse 
the  public  attention  to  the  feasibility  and  importance  of 
widen-ng  and  deepening  the  channel  at  Lubec  Narrows  and 
securing  the  action  of  C'ongress  for  its  survey  and  the  neces- 
sary appropriation  for  carrying  out  the  work  ;  and  he  had 
the  satisfaction  of  living  to  see  its  practical  completion. 
He  was  re-elected  to  the  legislature  in  1S78  and  for  the 
third  time  in   1879.     He  died  at  Eastport,  March   17,   18S4. 

Hiram  Blanchard,  Esci.,  the  thirty-eigiith  representative, 
who  was  elected  in  1880,  a  Republican  in  politics,  son  of 
David  and  Sophia  (fJennett)  Hlanchard,  was  born  at  Char- 
lotte, Jan.  II,  1S25.  He  came  to  Eastport  in  1873,  and 
established  a  steam-mill  business,  which  has  ijeen  greatly 
enlarged,  and  is  still  carried  on  by  himself  and  sons.  lor 
two  years,  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  selectmen. 

Town  officers  between  1870  and  1880  :  — 

Moderators:  N.  B.  Nutt,  1871,  1873;  J.  M.  Livermore, 
1872,  1874,  1S75,  1S76,  1877,  1878;  J.  Anderson,  1S79,  i8So. 

Town  clerk:  S.  R.  Byram,  187  i  to  1880,  inclusive. 

Treasurers:  C.  B.  Paine,  1871,  1S72,  1873,  1874,  1875, 
1876:   E.  H.  Wadsworth,  1877,   1878,  1879,  1880. 

Selectmen:  N.  B.  Nutt,  187 1,  1872  ;  A.  Bradford,  187 1, 
1S72.  1873:  R.  B.  Clark,  1871,  1872,  1S73,  1S74;  \V.  P. 
I'aine,  1873  ;   W.  J.   Fisher,   1874  ;  F.  A.  Buck,   1S74,  1875, 

1876,  1877,   1878,   1879;  M.   Hradish,  1875,  1876;  A.  Buck- 
nam,    1875,   1876;    M.    D.    Bibber,    1877;    D.    G.    Furbush, 

1877,  1878,    1879;   J.   .Vnderson,    1878,    1879,    1S80  ;    I*;.   E. 
Livermore,  1880  ;  A.  V.  Bradford,  1880. 

Population  in  1880,  4,006. 


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292 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


t"  ij 


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B    '*  'I  M 


The  principal  local  feature  of  this  period  was  the  introduc- 
tion of  the  nianufp.cture  of  sardines  and  the  increase  of  busi- 
ness and  population  in  consequence  of  the  new  industry. 
In  the  politics  of  the  State  there  were  the  sudden  rise  and 
growth  of  the  Greenback  party  ;  and,  in  fusion  with  the 
Democrats,  (iovernors  (iarcelon  and  Plaisted  were  elected, 
and  a  large  proportion  of  State  and  county  officers.  The 
inriuence  of  this  movement  was  not  felt  so  much  in  Eastport 
and  Washington  County  as  in  some  other  sections.  At  this 
time,  also,  a  constitutional  amendment  was  adopted,  estab- 
lishing biennial  elections  in  Maine  ;  and  there  was  no  State 
election  held  in  18S1. 

In  1S82,  Benjamin  Foster  Kilby,  Ksc].,  Republican,  was 
chosen  the  thirty-ninth  representative.  He  is  son  of  Charles 
H.  and  Julia  E.  (Foster)  Kilby,  born  at  Dennysville,  March 
I,  1S52.  His  grandfather,  Theophilus  Kilby,  was  brother 
of  Daniel  Kilby,  the  ninth  representative.  He  came  to 
Eastport  in  1S78,  set  up  a  boot  and  shoe  store;  and  he  still 
continues  in  that  business.  At  the  next  election,  in  1884,  as 
has  already  been  stated,  Simon  Stevens,  Esc].,  was  chosen 
for  a  second  term;  and  in  1SS6  Martin  Bradish,  I'^sq.,  Re- 
publican, the  present  incumbent,  was  chosen  the  fortieth 
representative  of  the  town.  He  was  son  of  David  and 
Amelia  Maria  (Colville)  Bradish,  born  at  Portland,  May  4, 
1 8 15.  He  came  to  iCastport  in  1840,  and  established  him- 
self in  the  baking  business,  and  with  a  brief  interval  has 
continued  in  the  same  line,  adding  largely  to  the  cajiacity 
of  his  establishment  and  recently  setting  up  a  branch  at 
Calais. 

He  served  for  two  years  as  chairman  of  the  board  of 
selectmen. 

Town  officers  since  1880:  — 

Moderators:  J.  Anderson,  1881  ;  W.  J.  iMsher,  1882,  1883, 
1S84;  N.  B.  Xutt,  1885,  1S86,  1887. 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


293 


Town  clerk:  S.  R.  Byram,  1S81  to  1S87,  inclusive. 

Treasurers:  E.  H.  Wadsworth,  iS8r,  1S82  ;  L.  M.  Whalen, 
1883;  W.  S.  Hume,  1S84,  1885,  1886,  1887. 

Selectmen  :  J.  Anderson,  1881  ;  E.  K.  Livermore,  18S1, 
1882  ;  A.  V.  Bradford,  1881  ;  E.  B.  Davis,  1S83  ;  R.  C. 
Green,  1882  ;  S.  D.  Leavitt,  1883  ,  VV.  Martin,  1883  ;  J.  M. 
Swett,  1883  ;  H.  Blanchard,  18S4,  1885  ;  N.  B.  Nutt,  Jr., 
1884,  1885,  1886,  1887;  R  S.  Paine,  1884;  S.  N.  Frost, 
1885  ;   K.   E.  Shead.  1S86,  18S7  ;  Jas.  Mulneaux,  1886,  1S87. 

The  great  fire  of  Oct.  14,  1886,  exceeded  in  the  amount  of 
its  losses  both  those  of  the  fires  of  1839  and  1864,  the  total 
being  estimated  at  three-quarters  of  a  million  dollars,  of 
which  rather  more  than  half  was  covered  by  insurance.  The 
town  immediately  became  the  recipient  of  a  stream  of  almost 
unprecedented  generosity,  wliich  greatly  mitigated  the  effects 
of  the  calamity.  The  process  of  rebuilding,  which  is  still 
going  on,  has  efifected  great  improvement  in  the  business 
section  ;  while  the  more  substantial  character  of  many  of  the 
new  buildings,  and  the  abundant  supply  of  water  now  being 
introduced,  will  greatly  diminish  the  risk  of  similar  disasters 
in  future. 

Of  the  men  who  have  represented  Eastport  in  the  lower 
branch  of  the  State  legislature,  as  has  been  seen,  Aaron 
Hayden,  Partnion  Houghton,  Alden  Bradford,  and  Seward 
B.  Hume  were  afterward  chosen  senators  for  Washington 
County.  Besides  these,  several  citizens  who  had  no  previous 
legislative  experience  were  elected  senators.  The  first  was 
Honorable  Benjamin  Brickett  Leavitt,  chosen  as  the  candidate 
of  the  Democratic  party  from  the  eastern  Washington  district 
in  1841.  At  that  time,  Hancock  and  Washington  Counties 
had  between  them  three  senators,  and  were  divided  into 
districts,  the  middle  district  being  composed  of  parts  of  both 
counties.  Colonel  Lea\itt  was  son  of  lonathan  and  Marv 
(Perkins)  Leavitt,  born  at  Eastport,  Nov.  C,  1798.     In  early 


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294 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAM AQUODDY 


life  he  was  engaged  in  mercantile  business,  and  later  de- 
voted his  attention  to  the  care  of  his  large  property.  He 
was  interested  in  military  affairs,  and,  after  serving  in  subor- 
dinate positions,  was  chosen  colonel  of  the  Third  Regiment, 
First  Brigade,  Seventh  Division,  of  the  militia  in  Maine.  He 
was  appointed  by  President  Polk  surveyor  of  the  port  of 
Kastport.  He  died  at  Eastport,  July  25,  1S81.  His  son. 
General  S.  D.  T.eavitt,  was  the  flirty-fifth  representative  of 
the  town. 

Honorable  Sullivan  Sumner  Rawson,  Democrat,  was  chosen 
senator  from  the  eastern  Washington  district  in   1843.     He 

was  son  of  l''.benezer  and ('raylor)  Rawson,  born  at 

Paris.  Me.,  Oct.  3,  1806.  He  graduated  at  Waterville  Col- 
lege in  1828.  His  legal  studies  were  completed  with  Nich- 
olas Emery  at  Portland,  in  183 1,  in  which  year  he  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  bar  of  O.xford  County,  and  came  to  Kastport. 
For  several  years,  he  was  associated  in  law  business  with 
[.  R.  Chadbourne,  Esq.  He  was  appointed  county  attorney 
for  Washington  County  in  1S34  and  deputy  collector  at  East- 
port  in  1839.  President  Van  Buren  appointed  him  collector 
of  customs  for  the  district  of  Passamaquoddy  in  1840,  which 
office  he  did  not  retain  long,  for  the  Whigs  were  successful 
in  the  j^esidential  election  that  year  ;  and,  on  the  accession 
of  President  Harrison,  Honorable  J.  C.  Noyes  was  appointed 
in  his  place.  While  in  the  Senate  in  1844,  he  was  appointed 
one  of  Governor  Anderson's  aids.  Several  years  later,  he 
moved  from  liastport  to  California,  and  died  there. 

Honorable  Joseph  Mason  Livermore,  Republican,  was 
chosen  senator  in  1858,  Washington  County  being  now  en- 
titled to  two  senators.  He  was  son  of  Oliver  S.  and  Sarah 
S.  (Johnson)  Livermore,  born  at  Eastport,  Nov.  22,  1824. 
Hi'  greatgrandfather,  Samuel  Tuttle,  who  was  a  captain  in 
the  Revolutionary  army,  was  the  fust  officer  of  customs  in 
this  district.    M  that  time,  the  eastern  boundary  line  between 


POI.ITICAI,    HI>1>)RY 


295 


the  I'nited  States  and  the  neiiihborinji  British  Provinces 
was  in  dispute.  Tlie  British  claimed  Moose  Island,  and  1  . 
bade  Mr.  Tattle  from  exercising  authority;  and.  for  his 
refusal  to  obey  their  behest,  he  was  arrested  in  December, 
1785,  and  committed  to  jail  at  St.  Andrews,  but,  tinding 
him  unyielding,  he  was  set  at  liberty  after  a  few  days'  deten- 
tion. Mr.  Livermore  was  engaged  in  commercial  business 
at  Eastport.     I''or  nineteen  years  he  served  as  moderator  at 


II 


'M 


MA-illNIC    IIAl.t  ,    t<$J. 

the  annual  town  meetings,  and  for  eleven  years  was  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  selectmen.  His  father  and  his  son, 
I'xiward  I-",.  Livermore.  the  present  county  attorney,  have  also 
served  as  selectmen  ,  and  there  are  citizens  of  Kastport  who 
have  voted  for  all  three.  He  was  appointed  surveyor  of  the 
port  of  i'lastport  by  President  lancolu,  and  held  that  posi- 
tion, with  the  exception  of  a  short  lime,  when  the  duties  of 
the  otTice  were  suspended,  until  his  death,  which  took  place 
at  Kastport,  Nov.  20,  187S. 


(1, 

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296 


EASTPOKT    AND    PASSAM AOUODDY 


i  !•:  * 


U  i 


General  Charles  Henry  Smith,  Republican,  was  chosen 
senator  in  18G5.  He  was  son  of  Aaron  and  Sally  (Gile) 
Smith,  born  at  HoUis,  Me.,  Nov.  1,  1827.  His  grandfather, 
John  Smith,  was  a  soldier  in  the  Revolutionary  army  under 
Washington,  and  while  at  Valley  Forge,  and  after  peace,  was 
a  member  of  the  Massachusetts  General  Court.  His  mother 
was  related  to  the  Simpson  family,  from  which  General 
Grant  descended.  He  was  graduated  at  Waterville  College 
in  1S56,  and  came  to  Kastport  in  1857  as  principal  of  the 
High  School.  When  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  broke  out,  he 
was  studying  law  in  the  office  of  Honrrable  Aaron  Hayden, 
interested  himself  in  recruiting  for  the  Sixth  Maine  Regi- 
ment, and  on  the  23d  of  September,  1861,  enlisted  in  the 
First  Maine  Cavalry,  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  Wash- 
ington County  squad,  and  on  arrival  at  the  rendezvous  at 
Augusta  was  appointed  captain  of  Company  I).  The  follow- 
ing March,  the  regiment  moved  forward  to  Washington  ; 
and,  on  arrival,  he  was  sent  by  General  Wadsworth.  the  mill 
tary  governor,  to  a  command  at  Upton  Hill,  south  of  the 
Potomac,  and,  from  this  time  until  the  close  of  the  war,  he 
was  in  active  service,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  sick 
leave. 

The  report  of  the  adjutant-general  of  Maine  for  1S64  '^i^'"' 
1865  gives  a  detailed  account  of  his  services,  enumerating 
many  of  the  numerous  engagements  in  which  he  and  his 
command  had  part,  of  which  only  a  brief  synopsis  can  be 
given  here,  They  shared  the  varying  fortunes  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac  in  advance  and  retreat,  in  reconnoissance 
raids  and  pitched  battles,  generally  successful,  sometimes 
repulsed,  but  never  demoralized,  sometimes  dashing  through 
the  enemy's  lines  and  at  others  sweeping  beyond  and  around 
them,  in  September,  18G2,  Captain  Smith  was  appointed 
provost  ma'  ^1  at  Frederick, —  a  responsible  position,  in 
which  he       .    .  the  ber.'^fit  of  his  legal  education.     In  Jan- 


POLIIICAL    HISTORY 


!97 


uary,  1863,  he  returned  to  his  regiment,  of  whicii  on  the  2d 
of  March  he  was  appointed  major,  and  March  21  was  pro- 
moted to  lieutenant-colonel.  Colonel  Doughty  was  killed  at 
the  battle  of  Oldie,  June  17  ;  and  I^ieutenant-colonel  Smith 
assumed  command  of  the  regiment.  At  this  time,  he  was 
participating  in  Stoneman's  raid  toward  Richmond.  At  the 
Ijattle  of  Upperville,  June  21,  (General  Kilpatrick  called  on 
the  commanding  general,  Pleasanton,  for  the  First  Maine 
Cavalry  to  charge  upon  the  town  ;  and,  as  the  column  disap- 
peared, General  Kilpatrick  exclaimed,  "Those  Maine  boys 
would  charge  straight  into  hell  if  they  were  ordered  to." 
The  attack  proved  entirely  successful.  Lieutenant-colonel 
Smith  participated  in  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  was 
with  the  cavalry  following  uj)  (leneral  Lee  in  his  retreat 
after  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  On  the  24th  of  July,  he  was 
appointed  colonel  of  the  regiment,  rank  to  date  from  June 
18.  During  the  following  months,  his  command  was  en- 
gaged in  numerous  skirmishes  and  battles.  On  the  4th  of 
May,  1864,  Colonel  Smith  crossed  the  Rapidan  with  General 
Sheridan's  command,  and  on  the  9th  startetl  on  the  Rich- 
mond raid  of  that  brilliant  commander,  being  on  the  12th 
within  three  miles  of  the  city.  In  an  action  near  Leaver- 
dam  Station  of  the  loth.  Lieutenant-colonel  Boothby  was 
mortally  wounded.  On  the  24th.  Colonel  Smith  himself 
received  a  gun-shot  wound  in  the  thigh,  and  had  two  horses 
shot  under  him,  one  being  disabled  and  the  other  killed. 
Mounting  a  third,  he  remained  on  the  field  until  10  r.M. 
I'rom  that  time  until  August  20,  he  was  absent  on  sick  leave, 
on  account  of  his  wound.  Rejoining  his  regiment  at  James 
River,  lie  took  command  of  the  Second  Lrigaile  in  absence 
of  its  commander,  and  was  soon  after  assigned  to  the  com- 
mand of  the  Third  Lrigade,  recently  formed ;  October  (< 
received  otlficial  notice  of  his  promotion  as  brevet  brigadier- 
general.     In  the  spring  of  1865.  General  Smith  was  actively 


:  i:  i»i  K 


\i\- 


#: 

i,:f    ■ 

1 

■*|:il  i 

-. 

1 
1 

I 

>9S 


EASTPORT    AND    PA.SSA.MAQUUDDY 


engaged  in  the  battles  and  skirmishes  which  preceded  the 
fall  of  Richmond.  On  the  7th  of  May,  he  moved  to  Appo- 
mattox Court-house,  where  his  brigade  held  the  Lynchburg 
Pike  in  front  and  in  sight  of  Lee's  army  all  night.  At  day- 
light, the  brigade  was  within  carbine  range  of  the  place 
made  memorable  by  the  signing  of  the  capitulation.  Early 
in  the  morning  of  the  9th,  General  Smith  was  attacked  by 
the  enemy  ;  but,  although  the  struggle  was  for  a  time  severe, 
he  successfully  fought  the  rebels,  and  held  that  only  path  of 
egress  until  the  Hag  of  truce  announced  the  final  surrender. 
On  the  nth,  General  Smith,  with  his  brigade,  escorted  Lieu- 
tenant-general Grant  and  staff  to  J^uckville  Station,  and  at 
this  time  was  further  honored  by  being  brevetted  major-gen 
etal.  He  was  appointed  to  the  command  of  the  sub-district, 
of  the  Api^omattox,  with  head-quarters  at  Pittsburg,  from 
which  he  was  released  on  the  30th  of  July  by  the  following 
special  order :  — 

Brevet  Major-general  C.  H.  Smith,  Colontl  1st  .Maine  Cav- 
alry, is  hereby  icleased  from  tiie  command  ni  tlie  sub-district  of 
the  Appomattc.v,  and  will  proceed  to  Augusta,  Me.,  to  await  the 
arrival  of  his  regiment,  ordered  there  for  its  tinal  discharge  fmm 
the  service.  In  releasing  (leneral  Smith,  the  commanding  den- 
eral  takes  great  pleasure  in  expressing  liis  entire  satisfaction  with 
the  mi».nr.c;r  in  wliich  he  has  performed  his  duties  while  in  this 
command.  l>y  his  good  judgment  and  prudence  in  the  conduct  of 
the  atfairs  of  Ids  sub-district,  he  has  in  another  field  added  to  tlie 
(deservedly  high  reputation  he  had  previously  won  on  the  battie- 
tj.'ld. 

ILiving  been  thus  released  from  his  command,  he  repaired 
to  .Augusta,  where  on  the  iith  of  August,  1865,  ^e  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service  of  the  United  States. 

Returning  to  Eastport,  he  formed  a  business  copartner- 
ship, was  elected  State  senator  in  September,  and  spent 
the  winter  at  Augusta.     Congress  having  passed  a  law  creat- 


POI.ITICAI,    HISTORY 


299 


ing  additional  regiments  in  the  regular  army,  Cleneral  Smith 
was  appointed  colonel  of  the  new  Twenty-eighth  Infantry, 
his  commission  dating  July  28,  1866;  and  in  1869,  by  con- 
solidation, he  was  transferred  to  the  Nineteenth  Regiment, 
and  he  was  subseciuently  promoted  to  brevet  brigadier-gen- 
eral and  brevet  major-general  of  the  regular  army.  From 
November,  1866,  to  January,  1S70,  he  served  in  Arkansas. 
and  was  in  command  in  that  State  throughout  the  reconstruc- 
tion period.     His  later  service  has  been  in  Louisiana,  Colo- 


n\ 


-U^ 


m 


rado,  and  Kansas,  and  for  the  last  half-do/en  years  on  the 
Texas  frontier,  with  occasional  attendance  at  Washington  on 
court-martial  and  other  duty.  He  still  regards  Kastport  as 
his  home,  and,  whenever  the  opportunity  occurs,  avails  him- 
self of  his  privilege  of  voting  here. 

Two  of  our  townsmen,  whose  service  as  representatives  to 
the  legislature  have  already  been  noticed,  were  also  members 
of  the  executive  council  of  the  State.  Honorable  Timothy 
Pilsbury  was  a  member  of  Governor  Lincoln's  council  in 
1828  and  a<jain  of  Governor  Dunlap's  council  in  1836,  and 


«:«  f 


300 


EASTPORT   AXD    PASSAMAQUODDV 


11  Ir' 


Judge  Rurgin  was  in  Governor  Huntoon's  council  in  1830. 
Besides  these,  General  Charles  Peavey,  a  Democrat  in  poli- 
tics, was  chosen  a  member  of  Governor  Smith's  council  in 
1S31-32.  He  was  son  of  James  and  Mary  (Xutter)  Peavey, 
born  at  Newington,  N.H.,  Dec.  i,  1790,  and  came  to  East- 
port  in  1804  as  an  apprentice  to  his  brother,  Captain  John  N. 
l^eavey.  who  was  a  master  carpenter  and  builder.  The  ap- 
|)rentice  system,  which  is  now  nearly  a  thing  of  the  past, 
was  then  and  for  many  years  after  in  general  practice ;  and 
Mr.  Sabine  says  that  young  Charles  Peavey  was  the  first 
apprentice  to  nicchanical  business  in  Eastport.  Coming  to 
his  majority,  he  for  a  time  continued  in  the  same  business, 
but  later  in  life  acquired  large  landed  interests  in  l'',astern 
Maine  and  the  neighboring  provinces,  which  took  up  his 
whole  time  and  attention.  He  was  interested  in  military 
matters,  and  by  rapid  promotion  became  brigadier-general  of 
the  First  Brigade  of  the  Seventh  Division  of  the  militia  of 
Maine.  After  the  death  of  Doctor  Ayer,  he  was  appointed 
surveyor  of  the  port  of  Eastport  by  President  Jackson,  and 
at  the  expiration  of  his  term  reappointed  by  President  Van 
Buren.     He  died  at  Machias,  Oct.  17,  1854. 

Of  the  forty-five  men  noticed  in  the  foregoing  sketches, 
ten  were  natives  of  Eastport,  five  of  other  towns  of  Wash- 
ington County,  and  thirteen  from  other  parts  of  the  State, 
making  twenty-eight  natives  of  Maine  in  all,  eleven  from 
Massachusetts,  four  from  New  Hampshire,  one  from  Ver- 
mont, and  one  from  out  of  the  country, —  L.  F.  Delesdernier, 
who  was  born  in  Nova  Scotia.  The  average  age  of  the 
whole  number  at  the  time  of  service  was  about  forty-two 
years.  J.  T.  I'ike,  the  youngest,  was  chosen  soon  after  his 
twenty-eighth  birthday,  and  Oliver  Shead,  Aaron  Hayden, 
Thomas  J.  Jones,  and  B.  I"'.  Kilby  before  they  were  thirty. 
J.  M.  Livermore  at  thirty-three  was  the  youngest  of  our  sen- 
ators.    Seward   B.   Hume,  a  member  of  the   Senate  at  the 


POLITICAL    HISTORY 


3°' 


time  of  his  decease,  and  George  H,  Robbins,  lit  the  close  of 
his  last  term  as  representative,  were  the  oldest  oWoui  legis- 
lators. There  are  two  groups  of  father  and  son,  Daniel 
Kilby  and  W.  H.  Kilby,  Benjamin  B  Leavitt  and  S.  D. 
I-eavitt;  two  of  brothers,  Isaac  Hobbs  and  Frederick  Hobbs. 
Humphrey  Pike  and  Jabez  T.  Pike  ;  and  four  of  brother-- 
in-law, George  W.  McLellan  and  A.  Harden,  Joseph  Gunni- 
son and  J.  M.  Livermore,  |.  M.  Livermore  and  C.  H.  Smith, 
and  Humphrey  Pike  and  Asa  Bucknam.  Jonathan  I5artlett 
and  George  H.  Robbins  were  uncle  and  nephew;  and  Samuel 
Bucknam  and  Asa  Bucknam,  Aaron  Hayden  and  Thomas  G. 
Jones,  were  cousins. 


\ 


X.„..-^ 


,  II 


,i''! 


i  ? 


CHAPTER  \1I. 


KARLV  KASTPORT  SCHOOLS. 


1;Y    DANllCI-    T.    (IRANOER. 


ill**'* 


ii  si 


I      i! 


The  dedication  of  the  Hoynton  School  on  tlie  28th  of 
May,  1847,  was  an  important  event  in  the  history  of  public 
schools  in  Kastport,  and  was  made  the  occasion  for  special 
services.  For  several  years  there  had  been  dissatisfaction 
with  the  town  school  system.  The  people  had  not  been  un 
mindful  of  the  importance  of  good  educational  privileges; 
and  private  schools  of  e.Kcellent  character  had  been  main- 
tained for  several  years,  and  ke|)t  in  the  rooms  under  Tres- 
cott  Hall.  There  was,  however,  a  growing  feeling  that  the 
public  schools  ought  to  be  made  equal  to  the  educational 
wants  of  the  community  ;  and  when,  in  1846,  the  Old  South 
School-house  >vas  burned,  and  it  became  necessary  to  build 
another,  advantage  was  taken  of  the  circumstance  to  inaugu- 
rate a  better  system.  The  Boynton  School-house,  built  upon 
the  site  which  was  given  to  the  district  by  Caleb  Boynton, 
one  of  the  original  pioneers,  and  upon  which  had  stood  the 
"  Old  South  "  as  well  as  an  earlier  predecessor  which  had 
also  been  burned,  was  fitted  for  the  high  school,  the  head  of 
the  new  system.  The  teachers  appointed  were  Frederic 
Vinton,  principal ;  Miss  Annie  Webster,  Miss  Frances  M. 
Foster,  Miss  Hannah  Hinkley,  assistants.  The  school  com- 
mittee of  the  town  consisted  of  Rev.  Kendall  Brooks,  Jr., 
chairman,  Daniel  T.  Granger,  Aaron  Hayden,  Leonard  Pea- 
body,  William  Henry  Kilby.     At  the  dedication,  Mr.  Gran- 


r.AKI.V    KASTl'OKI'    SCHOOLS 


303 


ger*  delivered  an  address,  the  historical  portions  of  which 
were  as  follows  :  — 

Standing  here  this  day  for  the  interesting  purposes  which 
have  now  been  indicated,  it  is  quite  natural,  and  seems  to 
me  not  inappropriate  to  the  occasion,  to  cast  back  a  glance 
upon  the  past  ;  and   I   have  imagined  that  some  brief  and 


V. 


*  t 

'1 


> 


.% 


:■■  ■  m 


BfiVNTON    SClIOdL-HOUSE,    IIUII.T    iS};. 

rapid  notices  of  the  history  of  our  town  from  its  earliest 
periods,  in  its  connection  with  schools,  would  not  be  without 
interest  to  you. 

For  many  years  after  the  first  inhabitants  planted  them- 
selves on  this  island,  there  was  nothing  like  public  schools; 

■  Daniel  T.  Gran^ier  was  born  at  Saco,  Me.,  July  18,  1S07,  was  graduated  at  How- 
doin  College  in  1S22,  read  law  in  the  office  of  John  and  Kther  Sliepley  at  Saco,  and  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  of  York  County  in  1829.  Coming  to  Kastport  in  i'-j3,  he  associated 
himself  with  Frederic  Hobbs,  and  continued  in  the  practice  of  his  profession  and  a  resi- 


ti,.'i 


1 1 


I 


:!!• 


i 


304 


EASTPOkr   AND    ]'ASSAMAQUODDY 


nor  should  we  expect  to  find  them.  There  was  not,  at  first, 
the  immi::^ration  of  large  numbers, —  the  springing  up  at  once 
of  a  populous  and  well-organi/ed  community;  nor,  after  the 
first  settlements,  was  the  increase  for  many  years  a  rapid 
one.  Moose  Island  was  for  some  time  a  mere  fishing  sta- 
tion, to  which  those  engaged  in  taking  fish  were  attracted  by 
the  advantages  ot'fered  by  its  local  position  for  prosecuting 
their  employment.  The  first  settlements  were  made  about 
the  time  of  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  comjirising 
four  or  five  families  ;  and  at  the  time  of  the  incorporation  of 
tlie  town  of  Eastport,  in  179S,  there  were  probably  on  this 
island  less  than  three  hundred  inhabitants.  Up  to  this 
period,  the  only  advantages  of  education  enjoyed  by  the  chil- 
dren were  such  as  could  be  derived  from  the  occasional 
labors  of  some  individual  who  was  induced  to  varv  his  ordi- 
nary  occupation  by  an  attempt  at  teaching. 

For  the  facts  which  I  am  about  to  state  in  relation  to  the 
schools  here  prior  to  the  incorporation  of  the  town,  I  am  in- 
debted to  the  kindness  of  one  of  our  citizens,*  who  has  wit- 
nessed the  progress  of  the  place  almost  from  the  first  days 
of  its  municipal  existence.  I  shall  give  the  information  de- 
rived from  him  in  nearly  his  own  words.  "As  far  as  I  can 
ascertain,"  he  says,  "the  first  school  that  was  kept  on  the 
island  was  taught  by  Mrs.  Bell,  from  New  Market,  N.H.  I 
can  find  no  one  who  can  remember  the  exact  date  of  the 
school ;  but  from  some  circumstances  there  is,  I  think,  no 
doubt  that  it  was  between  the  years  1784  and  1788.  The 
building  occupied  for  the  school  stood  in  a  central  part  of 
the  salt-works  plat,  but  has  long  since  been  demolished. 
This  school  consisted  of  small  children  mostly. 

dent  of  the  town  until  his  decease,  Dec.  27,  rS54.  He  had  been  appointed  judge  of  the 
Supreme  Judicial  Court  of  the  State  by  Governor  Crosby,  but  on  account  of  the  state  of 
his  he.ilth  declined  the  honor.  By  his  death  the  town  lost  an  able  and  e.xeinpKiry  cidzen, 
and  the  cause  uf  education  and  sound  morals  an  intelligent  and  earnest  friend 

•  Probably  tl  e  late  Jerry  I'urgin.—  K. 


EARLV    EA.^ri'tjUr    ■SCHOOLS 


30s 


■'I  cannot  find  that  there  was  any  other  school  kept  on 
Moose  Island  until  about  the  years  1793  and  1794,  when  a 
man  by  the  name  of  Greenwood  kep:  what  was  called  a 
school,  in  a  small  house  standing  on  Water  Street,  near  the 
foot  of  J5oynton  Street.  The  iiouse  was  about  sixteen  by 
thirty  feet,  divided  into  two  rooms,  and  wholly  unfinished. 
One  room  was  used  as  a  tavern  and  bar-room,  while  the 
other  was  appropriated  to  the  school.  Mr.  Greenwood  was 
the  proprietor  of  both,  and  performed  the  duties  of  landlord 
and  bar-keeper  in  one  and  teacher  of  youth  in  the  other,  in 
a  sort  of  interchani^eahle  service.  And  although  he  may 
probably  have  iniendeil  to  spend  the  larger  portion  of  his 
time  in  the  school-room  during  the  hours  appropriated  for 
teaching,  yet  he  would  occasionally  hear  the  call  of  some  of 
the  patrons  of  the  other  room, — •  Here,  old  man,  fill  tiiis 
pitcher  1 '  And,  as  that  side  of  the  house  was  the  most  diffi- 
cult to  please,  he  would  very  promptly  obey  the  summons  ; 
while  the  scholars  were  not  unwilling  to  dispense  with  his 
services  for  a  season,  and  during  his  absence,  by  way  of 
variety,  would  recreate  themselves  with  an  eight-handed  reel, 
and,  as  the  music  was  by  general  chorus,  it  would  often  serve 
for  both  rooms.  We  have  no  certain  information  as  to  the 
proficiency  made  in  this  school  in  the  elements,  but  believe 
that  those  who  sat  under  Mr.  Greenwood's  tuition  remember 
it  more  for  the  singular  combination  of  duties  undertaken 
by  the  teacher,  and  their  somewhat  uncommon  amusements, 
than  for  any  great  amount  of  learning  acquired." 

After  this  there  seems  to  have  been  no  scin^ol  here  until 
the  town  was  incorporated.  This  event  took  place,  as  I  have 
already  stated,  in  179S.  The  first  efforts  of  the  town  in  its 
municipal  capacity  were  not  marked  by  a  very  enlarged  pro- 
vision for  the  wants  of  the  children.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
inhabitants  in  November,  179S,  the  question  of  raising  money 
for  schools  came  up;  and  the  record  sets  forth  that,  "having 


-'•< 


■•'Vi 


i4 


3o6 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAOUODDV 


discussed  on  raising  money  for  the  support  of  schools,  it  was 
put  to  vote  by  the  question,  Shall  money  be  raised  ?  when  it 
passed  in  the  negative."  Another  vote,  passed  at  the  same 
meeting,  may  perhaps  be  considered  as  presenting  a  somewhat 
singular  contrast  with  that  just  quoted  :  "that  money  should 
be  raised  for  procuring  powder,  ball,  flints,  and  camp-kettles, 
agreeably  to  law,  for  the  militia  and  defence  of  the  town." 
It  seems  not  then  to  have  been  so  well  understood  as  it  has 
been  since  that  there  are  no  fortifications  for  the  protection 
of  a  people  to  be  compared  to  good  schools.  As  the  law 
then  stood,  all  towns  containing  fifty  families  were  required 
to  maintain  schools  for  the  teaching  of  certain  enumerated 
branches  of  study,  and  "decent  behavior,"  for  such  a  term 
of  time  as  should  be  equivalent  to  six  months  for  one  school 
in  each  year,  under  a  pecuniary  penalty  for  neglecting  so  to 
do ;  and  the  amount  of  the  requisition  was  increased  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  families.  But  perhaps  it  should  be 
mentioned  that  the  town  was  quickened  in  its  duty,  in  rela- 
tion to  "the  militia  and  defence  of  the  town,"  by  a  present- 
ment of  the  grand  jury  for  their  neglect  sooner  to  vote 
money  for  those  purposes ;  for,  at  this  very  meeting,  the 
record  states  that  a  letter  was  presented  to  the  moderator  by 
the  foreman  of  the  jury,  giving  notice  of  the  presentment. 
Whereat  the  indignation  of  the  town  was  much  roused,  and 
the  selectmen  were  directed  to  reply  to  the  letter,  and  say 
that  the  town  regarded  the  presentment  as  an  insult. 

At  its  incorporation,  Eastport  embraced  within  its  limits 
the  present  town  of  Lubec,  and  continued  of  that  extent 
until  iSii,  when  a  separation  took  place.  While  this  con- 
nection lasted,  the  provision  made  for  schools  by  the  town 
seems  not  to  have  been  of  a  very  liberal  character.  We  have 
already  seen  what  was  the  action  of  the  town  on  this  subject 
during  the  first  year  of  its  existence.  At  its  annual  meeting, 
in  1799,  it  voted  to  raise  one  hundred  dollars  for  the  support 


LARLY    EASTPORT   SCHOOLS 


307 


of  schools,  having  then  a  population  of  some  five  hundred 
inhabitants.  From  the  period  of  its  incorporation  until  the 
division  of  the  town,  the  amount  raised  for  schools  gives  an 
average  of  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  dollars  only  a  year. 
In  one  instance  only  did  the  amount  exceed  two  hundred 
and  ^fty  dollars,  and  that  was  in  the  last  year  of  the  connec- 
tion, when  a  vote  was  obtained  to  raise  six  hundred  dollars. 
While  in  nine  of  the  years  the  sum  did  not  exceed  two  hun- 
dred dollars,  twice  it  was  only  one  , 
hundred  dollars,  and  in   1798  and                     \ 


^"^tm^^. 


^  *  \   ':■' 


OLU   SOUTH    SCHOOL,    HAY   SCALli,    AND    TOWN    I'UMP    SIXTY   YBARS   AGO. 


1803  none  was  raised  at  all ;  and  yet  from  1800  to  18 10  the 
population  had  increased  from  five  hundred  to  fifteen  hun- 
dred inhabitants. 

It  is  manifest,  however,  from  an  inspection  of  the  records, 
and  deserves  to  be  mentioned,  that  this  state  of  things  was 
far  from  satisfactory  to  that  portion  of  the  town  which  was 
comprised  in  Moose  Island  ;  for  in  1807  an  act  of  the  legis- 
lature was  obtained,  authorizing  the  inhabitants  of  the  school 
districts  here  to  raise  money  for  the  support  of  schools,  in 
addition  to  that  raised  by  the  town.  Under  the  provisions  of 
this  act,  the  inhabitants  of  this  district,  during  the  remaining 


\\ 


•1  f 


30S 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


t 


If 


years  of  the  connection  between  Eastport  and  Lubec,  did 
vote  money  for  schools,  varying  in  amount  from  fifty  to  four 
hundred  dollars,  as  the  sum  raised  by  the  town  was  more 
or  less ;  and  this  practice  was  continued  for  several  years 
after  the  island  was  restored  to  the  United  States  in  iSiS. 
During  the  period  just  indicated  (from  1807  to  1S12),  this 
district  raised  for  schools  seven  hundred  and  fifty  dollars, 
in  addition  to  the  money  voted  by  the  town  for  the  same 
purposes,  besides  the  sum  of  twelve  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  dollars  for  the  erection  and  repair  of  a  school-iiouse,  in 
which,  however,  is  included  one  hundred  and  twenty  dollars 
appropriated  for  the  [nu'chase  and  putting  up  of  the  bell  that 
for  thirty-five  years  rang  out  its  sharp  note  from  the  "Old 
South,"'  but  vvhich  was  partially  melted  and  broken  in  the 
conflagration  of  that  building,  and  was  afterward  stolen. 

In  the  year  succeeding  the  separation  of  Lubec  and  Mast- 
port,  our  town  raised  for  schools  four  hundred  dollars,  and 
this  district  raised  the  additional  sum  of  five  hundred  and  iifty 
dollars,  and  voted  to  maintain  a  man's  school  the  whole  year, 
and  two  women's  schools  to  continue  as  long  as  the  money 
raised  would  admit.  The  declaration  of  war  with  Great 
Britain  was  made,  as  you  all  know,  in  June  of  that  year. 
Upon  the  fact  becoming  known  here,  the  public  schools  seem 
to  have  been  abandoned  by  common  consent.  The  to'.vn 
immediately  voted  to  pay  out  of  its  funds  three  dollars  a 
month  to  the  officers  and  privates  stationed  here,  in  addition 
to  their  regular  governmeiit  pay,  and  shortly  after  appropri- 
ated for  this  purpose  the  money  which  had  been  raised  at 
the  preceding  annual  meeting  for  schools.  From  this  time, 
no  money  was  raised  by  the  town  for  schools  until  after 
the  restoration  of  the  island,  nor  by  the  district  until  the 
spring  previous  to  that  event,  when,  in  anticipation  of  it, 
they  voted  the  sum  of  six  hundred  dollars  for  the  purpose, 
and  directed  their  committee  in  the  words  of  the  record  to 


? " 


EARLY    EASIIMJRT    SCHOOLS 


309 


"  procure  one  master  and  two  good  women  to  keep  schools 
to  the  best  advantage."  After  the  declaration  of  war,  and 
while  the  island  was  in  possession  of  the  British  troops,  the 
town  maintained  its  municipal  organization,  held  its  annual 
meetings  for  town  purposes  as  usual,  and  there  is  no  inter- 
ruption in  its  records.  There  is  a  hiatus  in  the  records  of 
the  district,  from  May,  1S12,  to  January,  1S15,  when  we 
find  a  correspondence  between  the  district  committee  and 
Colonel  (Jubbins  commanding  the  British  forces  here,  in 
relation  to  the  "Old  South."  In  this  correspondence,  the 
district  committee  state  that  the  school-house  on  the  capture 
of  the  island  was  appropriated  by  the  British  troops  for  a 
barrack,  but  tiiat  on  application  to  the  then  commandant, 
Lieutenant-colonel  Pilkington,  the  troops  were  immediately 
withdrawn  from  it ;  that,  under  Colonel  Gubbins,  it  had 
again  been  converted  into  a  barrack,  and  at  the  date  of 
their  letter  was  fitted  up  by  the  British  officers  for  a  theatre. 
The  purpose  of  their  letter  was  to  ask  that  the  house  might 
be  restored  to  the  control  o*"  the  committee.  Colonel  (nib-' 
bins  replied  that  its  occupation  for  theatrical  purposes  had 
been  approved  by  some  of  the  principal  inhabitants  ;  that 
some  expense  had  been  incurred  in  fitting  it  up,  and  he 
could  not  then  comply  with  their  wishes,  but  that  he  would 
embrace  the  first  opportunity  of  doing  so.  In  the  following 
year,  the  house  was  again  under  control  of  the  district,  aufl 
so  remained  afterward. 

Prior  to  1801,  as  the  records  show,  there  was  no  division 
of  the  town  into  sciiool  districts ;  but  in  that  year  such  a 
division  was  made,  and  two  were  formed  on  Moose  Island, 
called  the  North  and  South  districts,  the  line  of  division 
being  "  the  line  of  Joseph  Clark's  land,"  which  corresponds 
with  the  present  northern  boundary  of  this  district.  These 
remained  unchanged  until  1819,  when  the  North  district  was 
diviiled  bv  the  "line  of  the  Holmes  and  Lane  lots,"  which 


ii 

Mil 


3  ■ 


•J 


lU 


\ 


I  if" 


310 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


is  Still  the  northern  limit  of  the  Middle  district.  In  the  fol- 
lowing year,  the  North  was  again  divided;  but  in  1825  the 
two  districts  thus  formed,  which  were  called  the  North  and 
North  Middle,  were  again  united.  Our  school  districts  have 
remained  unchanged  from  that  time  until  the  present.  An 
attempt  was  made  in  1834  to  abolish  all  districts,  making 
but  one  of  the  whole  town  ;  but  it  did  not  then  meet  with 
any  favor.  The  time  is  not  distant,  however,  when  this  will 
probably  be  accomplished.  If  our  success  in  the  undertaking 
on  which  we  now  enter  shall  be  such  as  our  hopes  and  wishes 
inspire  us  with  the  belief  that  it  will  be,  it  will  be  fitting 
and  proper  that  all  the  children  within  our  limits,  who  have 
been  sufficiently  advanced  in  the  rudiments,  shall  have  the 
privileges  which  this  school  will  afford,  making  all  the  other 
public  schools  in  the  town  preparatory  to  this.  And  it  is 
believed  that  the  schools  may  be  so  classified,  and  such  an 
amount  of  qualification  required  for  admission,  that  all  who 
merit  it  shall  have  the  benefit  of  the  privileges  to  be  enjoyed 
here  without  overcrowding  these  rooms. 

To  one  who  examines  our  early  records,  it  may  perhaps 
seem  quite  singular  that,  while  at  the  annual  meeting  in  1799 
a  vote  was  passed  for  building  two  pounds,  nothing  appears 
on  record  in  relation  to  a  school-house  until  two  years  after- 
ward, and  then  an  article  in  the  warrant  for  the  annual  meet- 
ing, "to  see  if  the  town  will  build  any  school-houses,  how 
much  money  they  will  raise,  and  in  what  manner,"  seems  to 
have  been  passed  by  in  silence.  It  is  to  be  considered,  how- 
ever, that  up  to  the  year  iSoo  there  had  been  no  legislation 
in  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts  specially  upon  the 
subject  of  the  erection  of  school-houses ;  nor  was  any  obli- 
gation in  this  respect  imposed  upon  towns,  or  any  power 
conferred  upon  them,  other  than  such  as  arose  from  the 
general  duty  to  maintain  schools.  In  that  year,  an  act  was 
passed,  authorizing  school  districts  to  raise  money  for  the 


EARLY    EASTPORT   SCHOOLS 


3" 


purpose  of  building  school-houses ;  and  at  the  meeting  of 
the  town  just  spoken  of,  in  1801,  the  division  into  districts 
took  place,  and  the  subject  of  school-houses  thenceforward 
fell  within  the  cognizance  of  the  district  and  not  the  town. 
Our  district  records  do  not  go  back  farther  than  1S07, 
Hence  we  have  no  record  of  the  action  of  the  district  in 
relation  to  the  erection  of  the  first  school-house  ;  but  we 
learn  from  those  who  were  then  inhabitants  that  it  was  built 
on  the  spot  on  wliich  we  now  stand.  The  lot  for  the  pur- 
pose, forty  by  sixty  feet,  was  given  to  the  district  by  Mr. 
Caleb  Boynton,  who  was  one  of  the  original  proprietors  of 
the  island.  The  lot  has 
been  enlarged  by  sub- 
sequent purchases.  The 
house  was  a  small  one, 
twenty-four  by  twenty- 
one  feet.  It  was  burned 
in  the  winter  of  1808-9 
in  the  night  time.  Prior 
to  its  erection,  the  pub- 
lic school  was  kept  in  a 
building  near  Aqueduct 
Wharf,  not  now  stand- 
ing. 

In  February,  1S09, 
the  district  raised  five 
hundred  dollars  for  the  purpose  of  replacing  that  which  had 
just  been  burned  by  a  building,  as  the  record  states,  "on 
an  enlarged  plan,  not  exceeding  forty  by  thirty  feet " ;  and 
the  committee  were  authorized  to  erect  one  of  two  stories 
"in  conjunction  with  any  who  will  pay  the  extra  expense  or 
on  such  terms  as  they  may  think  proper,"  the  object  un- 
doubtedly being  to  have  a  hall  in  the  second  story.  The 
house,  however,  was  built  of  one  story,  forty  by  twenty-four 


Named  for  Rev.  Kendall  Krooks,  Jr.,  previously 
Chairman  of  the  .School  Cnmniitlee.  Rev.  Dr. 
Brooks  now  resides  at  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  hav- 
ing; retired  after  several  years'  «;ervice  as  Pres- 
ident of  Kalamazoo  College. 


)S 


k  1 1.1 

1  w. 

i  *;  ji 

■  :  I  ifii 


;i^;  ¥: 


!  I 


1.- 


>H 


■', 


I' 


I 


h<H 


i 


I    li 


312 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


feet :  and  in  the  following  year  an  additional  five  hundred 
dollars  was  raised  for  completing  it.  This  seems  to  have 
been  the  only  school-house  in  the  district  until  1820,  when 
the  south  district  was  divided  into  three  wards,  and  fifteen 
hundred  dollars  were  raised  for  building  a  school-house  in 
each  ;  and  these  are  the  houses  on  Fort  Hill,  below  the  cove, 
and  that  in  the  rear  of  the  building  we  now  occupy,  and 
which  has  been  familiarly  known  as  the  "  Old  South  Junior." 
An  effort  was  made  in  1826,  and  seems  for  a  year  or  two 
to  have  been  followed  up  with  some  vigor  and  perseverance, 
to  erect  a  school-house  worthy  of  the  district,  and  to  estab- 
lish a  system  of  schools  that  should  better  answer  the  pur- 
poses of  education  than  had  hitherto  been  attained.  In  that 
year,  a  committee  was  raised  to  consider  the  expediency  of 
establishing  monitorial  schools.  At  the  succeeding  annual 
meeting,  this  committee  made  a  report  favorable  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  such  schools,  and  the  district  voted  to  adopt 
that  system,  if  funds  could  be  obtained  to  erect  a  suitable 
house  ;  and  a  committee  was  then  raised  to  see  if  funds  could 
be  obtained.  .  .  .  How  it  happened  that  this  project,  which 
was  entered  upon  with  such  spirit  and  earnestness,  and  was 
followed  up  for  more  than  a  year  with  such  zeal,  and  which 
many  of  the  inhabitants  of  enlightened  views  on  the  subject 
of  education  were  really  desirous  of  seeing  accomplished, — 
how  it  haj^pened  that  it  came  to  so  "  lame  and  impotent 
conclusion."'  I  am  not  informed. 


CHAPTER  \'III. 

EARLY  ECCLESIASTICAL  HISTORY  OF 
EASTPORT. 

FROM  THE  UNl'UIiLISHEn  I'APKRS  OK   THK  LATE  LORENZO  -SAIilNF..* 

There  was  but  one  settled  minister  east  of  the  Penobscot, 
or,  indeed,  of  the  St.  George,  before  the  Revolution. 

The  first  was  the  Rev.  James  Lyon,  who  accepted  a  call  at 
Machias  in  1772,  and  who  continued  his  labors  at  that  place 
upward  of  thirty  years.  It  is  related  that  he  had  a  singular 
defect  of  vision,  not  being  able  to  distinguish  between  the 
colors  of  black  and  red ;  and  that  *'  he  once  purchased  a 
piece  of  scarlet  cloth  for  the  purpose  of  making  himself  a 
coat,  thinking  it  to  be  black,  until  apprised  by  his  wife  that  it 
would  be  much  more  suitable  for  a  British  officer  than  a 
dress-coat  for  a  clergyman." 

As  late  as  1790,  the  number  of  ordained  clergymen  be- 
tween the  Penobscot  and  the  Passamaquoddy  was  but  three, 
though  at  this  time  there  were  twenty-one  incorporated  towns 
and  eight  plantations  within  these  limits. 

The  first  house  for  public  worship  on  the  island  "  was 
erected  by  a  few  individuals  at  the  bend  of  the  road  a  little 
north  of  the  burying-ground  '  in  1794;  but  there  was  no 
settled  minister  in  town  for  many  years  afterward.  Relig- 
ious instruction  was  given  in  this  house  by  missionaries  and 
itinerant  preachers  until  the  capture,  in  18 14,  when  it  was 
removed  by  the  British  to  the  corner  of  High  and  Boynlon 

'This  fragment  appears  to  have  been  written  in  1847  or   >^4^>  ^vhen  .Mr.  Sabine  had 
planned  .1  complete  history  of  the  town. —  k. 


■1   i 
t 

If 


ill 


\  m  ■ 


3'4 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


r  ' 


It 


Streets,  and  occupied  by  clergymen  of  the  Episcopal  com- 
munion, under  the  auspices  of  the  captors.* 

This  building  appears  to  have  been  the  only  one  appro- 
priated to  sacred  uses  for  this  section  for  several  years. 
People  came  here  from  the  neighboring  islands,  from  the 
main  on  the  American  side  of  the  Passamaquoddy,  and  even 
from  St.  George,  New  Brunswick.  The  distant  worshippers 
brought  food  for  the  day,  and  sometimes,  detained  by  fogs 
and  adverse  winds,  lodged  in  their  boats.  The  women  ap- 
peared in  church  in  short  loose  gowns,  and  with  aprons  or 
handkerchiefs  tied  over  their  heads. 

"  In  1807,  an  association  of  eighteen  persons,  without  re- 
gard to  theolog- 
ical differences 
of  opinion,  pur- 
chased a  lot  of 
land  where  the 
-.  Methodist  meet- 
1*fi:iiiJtT-'^;^y'^  ing-house  now 
stands,  and  pro- 
cured materials 
for  a  large  house 
of  public  worship ;  but  the  passage  of  the  embargo  laws  in 
the  winter  of  1807-8  defeated  the  object,  and  the  materials 
were  disposed  of." 

An  effort  to  settle  a  minister  appears  to  have  been  made 
as  early  as  the  year  1800,  when  the  question  whether  Mr. 
James  Murphy  of  Steuben  should  receive  a  call,  and  be 
maintained  by  a  town  tax,  was  submitted  to  the  inhabitants 
in  town  meeting.     The  vote  was   in  the   negative  ;   and  in 


MOOSB   ISLAND   MEBTING-HOUSE,    nUII-T    I794. 


*  Winslow  Bates  and  William  D.  Dana  remember  attending  the  service  of  the  Cliurch 
of  England,  conducted  in  the  old  meeting-house  by  Parson  Aiken,  the  post  chaplain  at 
tlie  time  of  the  British  occupation.  There  was  no  inside  finish  except  the  high-backed 
pews  and  about  the  pulpit,  and  no  provision  for  warming.  Mr.  Bates  says  it  was  after- 
ward sold  at  auction,  ami  purchased  by  his  father  for  sixteen  dollars,  then  used  as  a  place 


EARLY    ECCLESIASTICAL    HISTORY 


315 


1810  the  Rev.  Thomas  Green,  of  North  Yarmouth,  was  in- 
vited by  the  town  to  labor  for  one  year  "  for  five  dollars  each 
Sabbath  with  the  contributions  and  seven  dollars  for  each 
Sabbath  without  them."  The  town  voted  two  hundred  dol- 
lars. The  committee  —  Oliver  Shead,  Aaron  Hayden,  Joseph 
Clark,  Jr.,  John  N.  Peavey,  and  Jonathan  D,  Weston  —  re- 
mark in  their  letter  that  religious  opinions  were  various,  and 
that  from  the  inquiries  they  had  made  they  "  knew  of  no 
gentleman  more  likely  to  please  all  and  unite  the  different 
persuasions." 

Thus  far  no  sectarian  preferences  seem  to  have  been  in- 
dulged ;  but  in  181 1  a  subscription  was  opened  for  the  sup- 
port of  a  "  Congregationalist  minister."  As  this  paper  is 
probably  the  only  memorial  which  has  been  preserved  of 
some  of  the  subscribers,  and  as  it  marks  the  period  of  the 
second  denominational  division,  it  is  here  inserted  :  — 


The  subscribers  agree  to  pay  the  sums  annexed  to  their  names 
toward  supporting  a  Congregationalist  minister  to  preach  in  this 
place  as  long  as  the  whole  subscription  will  pay  one. 


Eastport,  7th  May, 

Jona  D.  Weston 

$15  00 

John  Swett 

Jabez  Mowrv  tS:  Co 

30  00 

Daniel  Garland 

B  D  Prince' 

15  00 

John  Wood 

N  B  &  S  Bucknam 

20  00 

Daniel  Powers 

Josiah  Dana 

15  00 

Solomon  Rice 

Samuel  .Maclay 

10  00 

J.  W.  Baxter 

Samuel  Hall 

10  00 

Wm.  Hills 

Isaac  Lakeman 

10  00 

Jolin  Buck 

Zebulon  Brown 

5  00 

En  Steele 

Joseph  Sumner 

5  00 

Oliver  Shead 

Edward  Baker 

10  00 

L  F  Delesdenier  Jr 

Amos  Johnson 

5  00 

J.  Bardett 

J.  W.  Cusliing 

10  00 

Jesse  Stej^henson 

William  Frost 

5  00 

Sam"l  Wund worth 

iSir. 

$5  00 
7  00 
5  00 
5  00 
5  00 

10  00 
5  00 
5  00 

10  00 
5  00 
2  00 

7  50 
5  00 
4  00 


for  shows  and  exhibitions,  there  being  no  other  suitable  place  in  town.  Later,  it  became 
Willard  Childs's  stable,  and  in  iS4o\vas  taken  down  and  a  portion  of  its  material  was  used 
in  the  construction  of  the  house  on  Accommodation  Street  afterward  owned  and  occu- 
pied by  Captain  John  Beckford. —  K. 


! 


3l6                           EASTPORI 

AND 

(Jeo.  Hobbs 

$5  00 

Moratio  (i.  iJalch 

3  00 

Perley  Parker 

5  00 

Thos.  H.  Woodward 

lO  00 

Jereh  F.  Young 

5  00 

Anna  Young 

5  00 

John  Webster 

5  00 

Samuel  Buck 

5  00 

PASSAMAQUODDV 


Roljert  Dutch 

?S  00 

Amasa  Cheney 

5  00 

Anthony  lirooks 

!S  00 

Rufus  Hallowell 

2  00 

James  Goold 

5  CO 

Wm  Coney 

5  00 

Samuel  15ro\vn 

2  00 

Joshua  Harriss 

5  00 

George  Norton 

5  00 

Total 


?327 


r 


i  V 


In  iSii,a  second  effort  was  made  to  erect  a  meeting- 
house by  an  association  of  individuals,  wlio  purcliased  tlie  lot 
now  occupied  by  the  Unitarian  church,  and  contracted  with 
Moses  Hovey  of  Machias  to  furnish  the  materials,  and  built 
an  edifice  *'  equal  to  the  Tuscan  order  of  architecture," 
sixty  feet  long,  forty-six  feet  wide,  and  twenty-eight  feet 
high,  with  a  "  cupola  dome  and  short  spire,"  an  arched  ceil- 
ing, galleries,  and  a  handsome  sounding-board  over  the  pul- 
pit. The  founders,  whose  names  appear  in  the  contract,  are : 
Jonathan  D.  Weston,  Esquire ;  Benjamin  Bucknam,  Seward 
Bucknam,  Ebenezer  Steele,  merchants;  John  Wood,  gentle- 
man ;  Asa  Fowler,  joiner  ;  Thomas  Green,  Robert  Dutch, 
merchants ;  Daniel  Garland,  gentleman  ;  Thomas  H.  Wood- 
ward, Jonathan  Bartlett,  Daniel  Powers,  Abijah  Gregory, 
merchants  ;  William  Cony,  gentleman;  James  Goold,  baker; 
Edward  Baker,  Kzekiel  Prince,  merchants ;  John  Webster, 
trader;  John  W.  C.  Baxter,  physician;  Jabez  Mowry,  Isaac 
Lakeman,  Amasa  Cheney,  merchants ;  and  Otis  Lincoln, 
yeoman,  all  of  Eastport.  The  frame  was  nearly  completed 
at  Machias  early  in  1812,  but  the  war  put  an  end  to  the 
undertaking.  The  Rev.  Ephraim  Abbot  was,  however,  em- 
ployed to  preach  a  part  of  the  last-mentioned  year,  to  —  as 
appears  by  his  bill  of  services  — "  The  Congregational  So- 
ciety in  Eastport." 

The  foundation  of  the  First  Congregational,  or  Unitarian, 


EARLY    ECCLESIASTICAL    HISTORY 


317 


Meeting-house,  Shackford  Street,  was  laid  in  the  fall  of  1S18  ; 
and  in  the  following  year  the  building  was  completed.  The 
following  is  a  copy  of  the  agreement  under  which  the  house 
was  erected :  — 


^ 


Moose  Island,  June   )th,  iSi>S 

ourselves  into  a 
purchasiriLC  a  lot 
for  the  use  of  a 
We  further 
number  of  shares 
at  one  hundred 
vided  the  cost 
estimate  we  are 
or 


We  the  subscribers  form 
company  for  the  purpose  of 
and  building  a  Meeting-House 
Congregational  minister, 
agree  to  take  and  pay  for  the 
affi.xed  to  our  names  estimated 
flollars  each  share  —  and  pro- 
exceeds  or  falls  short  of  such 
to  pay  in  proportion  to  our 
notes  are  to  be  given  by  each 
amount  of  his  subscription  to 
such  person  or  persons  as  may 
be  appointed  for  that  pur- 
pose. 

Any  profit  that  may 
arise  on  the  sale  of  pews 
is  to  be  appropriated  for 
the  use  of  the  congrega- 
tion, as  a  majority  of  the 
subscribers  may  direct. 

We  further  agree  that 
the  Iniilding  is  for  a 
Congregational  Minister, 
such  as  a  majority  of  the 
subscribers  mav  aiiree  to 

hire  or  settle  for  a  limited  time  or  for  life,  without  reference  to 
any  party  or  particular  denomination  of  Congregationalists. 

And  we  further  agree  to  be  bound  by  the  decision  of  the  major- 
ity of  the  subscribers  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  the  premises. 

Robert  Little, 
Solomon  Rice, 
Kzekiel  Prince, 
Leonard  I'ierce, 


FIRST   CON(;HE(iATI0NAI.   Mi:i-.TINr,.HOU-;E, 
IXILT    iSli). 


Three 

.Shares 

One 

do 

Two 

do 

One  1.*^  one-half 

do 

I 


>   !    ! 


ihi 


Hi 


-r 


11 


V  I 


I 


IT 


t: 

I'  V 

I 


fc   1 

i  ^ 

A 


318 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


(ieorge  Hobbs, 

One  (S:  jne-half 

Shares 

Anthony  IJrooks  .S:  Joh 

n  Webster, 

One  &  one-half 

do 

Ezra  Whitney, 

Four 

do 

N.  B.  &  S.  Bucknam, 

F'our 

do 

J.  IJartlett, 

Two 

do 

Jacob  Pcnniman. 

One  &  one-half 

do 

Stephen  Thacher, 

Two 

do 

Henry  Byram. 

One 

do 

ICzra  T.  Bucknam, 

One 

do 

Worster  Tuttle. 

Two 

do 

Thomas  Haycock, 

One 

do 

Oideon  Stetson, 

One 

do 

Joseph  Wlielpley. 

One 

do 

Jesse  (ileason. 

Two 

do 

Warren  Gilmore, 

One 

do 

iM.  Hawkes, 

One 

do 

J.  D.  Weston, 

One 

do 

J.  MilHken  lS:  Samuel  White, 

One 

do 

Daniel  (Garland. 

One 

do 

Henry  T.  Emery, 

One 

do 

Daniel  Kilby, 

One 

do 

Andrew  Curry, 

One 

do 

Joshua  Hinkley, 

One 

do 

I.  R.  Chadbourne, 

One 

do 

Samuel  Starboard, 

One 

do 

Benj.  Kinii, 

One 

do 

I.  Hobbs  for  self  &  T. 

Childs, 

One 

do 

Thomas  Green. 

One 

do 

Jonas  Gleason  &  Sam'l  Stevens, 

One 

do 

Noah  Fitield, 

present 

Ten  dollars 

A  present,* 

Ten  dollars 

Merrill  &  Veazey, 

One 

Share 

Starboard  &  Rice, 

One 

do 

John  Norton, 

One 

do 

Ebenezer  Tuttle, 

One 

do 

John  Milliken,  Jr., 

One 

do 

Barney  Allen  transferred  to 

Eben  Adams, 

One 

do 

Daniel  Aymar, 

One 

do 

Fifty-three  shares  in  all,  and  the  house  cost  $10,343.25. 
It  was  dedicated  Jan.  13,  1820.  Andrew  Bigelow  preached 
the  sermon,  Rev.  Mr.  Rand  officiating. 

•John  Wilson  of  St.  Andrews. 


CHAPTER    IX. 


A   FRONTIER    MISSIONARY. 


With  Kxthacts  fkom  the  Journals  and  Corkesi'ondence 

OF    I\E\'.    El'IIRAl.M    AliliOT.    CoNf.RECiATIONAL    MISSION- 
ARY  TO   THE    PASSAMAQUOnnV    TOWNSHII'S    IN 
iSlI    AND    1812. 

[Notes  by  compiler.) 

Till-:  Theological  School  at  Andover,  Mass.,  has.  since  it 
began  its  work  of  educating  religious  teachers,  sent  out 
many  earnest,  consecrated  men  on  missionary  service  to  all 
parts  of  the  world.  At  the  very  head  of  this  long  and  nota- 
ble list  stands  the  name  of  Ephraim  Abbot,  the  first  gradu- 
ate from  the  institution  ;  and  his  missionary  field  was  the 
Passamaquoddy  region. 

Ephraim  Abbot  was  son  of  Benjamin  and  Sarah  (Brown) 
Abbot,  born  at  Newcastle,  Me.,  Sept.  28,  1779.  His  father 
fought  at  Bunker  Hill.  The  son  was  graduated  at  Harvard 
College  in  1806,  where  among  his  classmates  was  William 
Pitt  Preble,  afterward  known  as  a  leading  jurist  and  politi- 
cian in  Maine.  Mr.  Abbot  entered  the  Andover  Theologi- 
cal Seminary,  then  recently  established,  and  graduated  there- 
from in  1810  in  the  first  class  that  left  the  institution,  stand- 
ing alphabetically  at  the  head  of  the  list.  In  his  own  report, 
he  says:  "In  June,  181 1,  I  received  an  appointment  from 
the  Society  for  Propagating  the  Gospel  among  Indians  and 
others  to  perform  a  mission  of  two  months  in  the  eastern 


l\ 


u 


' 


I  i 


I  ■ 


1i 


i 


■ 


320 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


parts  of  Maine.  In  this  mission  and  in  another  mission 
from  the  same  society  for  two  months,  which  I  commenced 
in  March,  18 12,  I  visited  almost  every  house  east  of  Machias 
in  Washington  County." 

By  the  favor  of  Mr.  Abljot's  family,  the  jjrincipal  parts  of 
the  journals  which  he  kept  while  engaged  in  these  missions 
ar :  repeated  here,  supplemented  by  extracts  from  his  private 
letters  written  at  the  time,  the  whole  giving  a  graphic  picture 
of  the  condition  of  the  region  just  before  the  War  of  1S12,  as 
seen  from  a  missionary's  point  of  view:  — 

June  26th,  A.I).  iSi  I.  Left  Aiitlovcr  in  the  accommodation  stage. 
.  .  .  i'liursday,  June  27th,  went  on  boa.'d  brig  Elder  Snow  to 
sail  first  to  Thomaston  and  then  to  lOastport.  ('riie  wind  continu- 
ing unfavorable)  on  the  30th  tlie  LORD'-S  day,  went  to  Mr  .Sam- 
uel Abbots  on  shore  &  went  to  meeting.  In  the  morniiii;  I 
heard  a  ciiscourse  on  the  ciiaracter  of  St  Paul  by  the  Roman 
Catholic  Bisiiop  Chivereau.  In  tiie  afternoon  I  heard  a  discourse 
on  the  character  of  the  |)ure  in  heart  by  -Mr  Osgood  a  missionary. 
The  discourse  was  delivered  in  the  Reverend  Huntingdon's  meet- 
ing house.  In  the  evening  I  heard  a  discourse  by  DrCirittlnin 
the  I'ark  street  meeting  house  on  the  sufficiency  of  Christ.  .Mon- 
day I'.M.  went  on  board  [the  description  of  the  voyage  is  omitted] 
and  next  Sabbath  July  7th  beat  up  past  West  Quoddy  Head  and 
came  to  anchor  six  miles  l)elow  ICastport,  and  held  two  religious 
services  on  board  with  all  who  were  pleased  to  attend. 

On  Monday  July  <Sth  I  came  to  Moose  Island  in  a  boat,  dined  at 
.Mr  Cliipman's  tavern.  ^\fter  dinner  I  called  on  Mrs  Weston,  and 
Mrs  Holmes,  found  them  very  serious  and  I  trust  good  people. 
They  wish  very  much  to  have  a  Congregational  minister  settled 
among  them.  The  majority  oi  the  people  of  the  Congregational 
persuasion  would  be  pleased  to  have  a  man  of  such  sentiments  as 
Dr  Kirkland  would  recommend,  yet  there  are  some  who  would 
be  pleased  with  a  man  of  the  HonkinsiaL  denomination.  This 
town  not  lieiuij;  considered  missionary  ground  |  meaning  probably 
that  the  people  were  able  to  support  their  own  religious  institu- 
tions] I  left  it,  at  4  I'.M.,  and  went  on  board   Mr  Spooncr's  boat 


A    FRONT!  KR    MISSIONARY 


321 


to  sail  with  liiiii  to  Robbinston,  but  the  wind  dyin<;  after  we  had 
proceeded  a  few  miles,  and  the  tide  being  a<;ainst  us,  we  went 
on  shore  and  lodijod  at  a  public  house  kepc  by  a  Mr  Kendal.* 
Next  morning,  after  toiling  at  our  oars  until  ten  o'clock,  we  went 
on  shore  at  No.  i  r  and  took  breakfast  at  a  public  house  kept  by 
a  Mr  Swett.  In  our  passage  from  .Mr  Kendal's  to  .Mr  .Swett's, 
we  passed  by  Pleasant  Point  where  is  an  Indian  settlement. 
Tiiey  have  a  Roman  Catholic  i)riest  residing  amongst  them,  whose 
name  is  Romagne.  He  is  said  to  be  a  very  worthy  man.  Many 
of  the  Indians  are  said  to  abstain  from  ardent  liquors,  and  to 
bo  prudent,  exemplary  and  religious  characters.  Just  before  we 
arrived  at  Pleasant  I'oint,  we  heard  their  bell  calling  them  to 
morning  prayers,  and  heard  them  chant  their  morning  service. 
Their  meeting  house  is  a  large  white  building.  I  [)resume  nearly 
as  large  and  handsome  as  Phillips  Academy  |  [Antlover].  Their 
houses  arc  built  in  three  rows,  most  of  them  small,  some  of  them 
in  the  form  of  a  cone.  Most  built  in  the  Knglish  fashion  are 
covered  with  bark.  .  .  .  .As  we  passed  the  Point  they  came  out 
from  [)rayers,  and  came  to  the  shore  and  saluted  us  with  the  dis- 
charge of  a  swivel.  Th  report  was  very  loud,  and  the  eciio 
exceeded  anything  of  the  kind  I  ever  heard.  The  sound  was  like 
distant  tluunler,  passing  between  the  distant  islands,  and  con- 
tinued probably  more  than  a  minute,  to  my  apprehension  nearly 
as  loud  as  the  first  rejiort.  .About  noon  we  arrived  at  (General 
Ibewcr's.  In  the  afternoon  I  was  introduced  to  .Maj  Trescott 
Collector  of  Eastport,  and  .\Ir  LeDernicr  the  former  Collector. 
I  was  also  inlrotluced  to  I'.sq  V'ose  and  Es(|  IJalkam  who  with 
Cieneral  Ilrewer  received  me  very  kindly,  i  was  also  introduced 
to  Esq  I'ike  of  Calls.  .AH  these  gentlemen  received  me  very 
cordially.  .Mess  ISrewer  \'ose  and  Halkam  accompanied  me  to 
the  meeting  house,  and  there  they  agreed  th.it  on  Thursday  after- 
noon at  4  oclock  we  should  have  a  lecture  at  the  meeting  house. 
July   loth.     This  day  (General   Drewer  and   I'.sq  \'ose  ver\  kindly 

*  At  KLiulal's  lle.iil. 

I  Township  No.  I  WIS  iiicorpnmtecl  in  iSiS  with  the  name  of  Perry. 

i  In  seeing  this  Iniililini;  from  the  w.ncr,  Mr.  Abbot  evidently  overeslini.itefl  il.s  si/e. 
It  wis  bnilt  by  the  Comntonwealth;  .md  Tliomas  Kastman,  of  Dennysvillc,  was  inastii 
worlinian 


»"««• 


'Ifli 


322 


EASfPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


accompanied  me  to  Mr  Jones's  and  Mr  liugbee's,  two  aged  men 
who  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  town  have  assembled  every 
LORD'S  day  as  many  of  the  inhabitants  as  would  meet  them;  at 
first  in  some  private  house,  and  since  the  building  of  the  meeting 
house  in  that.  Their  custom  is  to  read  some  select  discourse, 
and  to  perform  the  other  parts  of  worship  as  is  usual  in  congrega- 
tional societies.  These  aged  gentlemen  appear  to  be  sensible  and 
very  devout  men.  This  day  I  was  introduced  to  Col  Wire  *  and 
Mr  Jack  from  St  Andrews  who  dined  at  General  B's.  .  .  .  July  ii. 
This  day  preached  a  lecture  in  the  meeting  house  from  Corinthi- 
ans 2d.  2d.  .  .  .  It  rained  and  there  was  not  a  large  assembly  per- 
haps 70  people.  They  appeared  solemn  and  attentive.  14th. 
Preaclied  in  the  meeting  house  to  about  100  people  who  were 
very  attentive.     From   meeting  I    went  to  Mr  Jones's  spent  the 

afternoon  and  evening   in    religious 

^::~:^,  -        conversation  and  hearing  his  grand 

-  ciiildren  read  in  the  Bible  &  recite 
their  catechism,  some  of  which  I 
endeavored  to  explain  to  them.  1 5th. 
Called  on  Mrs  McKean,  Mrs  Brown 
"'^  &  Mrs  Felt,  afterwards  on  Mr  Bug- 
bee  ;  the  old  gentleman  accompanied 
me  to  the  school  in  his  neighborhood.  The  instructress  is  a  Miss 
Waterhouse  from  Machias.  Her  school  consists  of  25  children. 
Lads  and  misses  under  twelve  years.  The  woman  appeared  v^ry 
capal)le  to  teach  her  school.  Three  children  read  in  the  testament 
and  the  rest  read  in  the  spelling  book.  There  were  three  primers 
in  school.  She  said  there  were  no  more  primmers  to  be  had  in 
town.  I  then  visited  the  house  of  Mr  Samuel  Jones.  ...  I  next 
called  at  the  house  of  Mr  Hezekiah  Jones.  He  was  shaving 
shingles  at  the  door  but  did  not  go  in  to  converse  with  me.  I 
went  into  the  house  and  conversed  with  his  wife  and  her  sister 
a  widow  who  has  seen  much  trouble.  .  .  .  Night  was  approaching 
and  I  had  to  walk  three  miles  to  my  lodgings  at  Cen  Brewer's. 
Mr  Hugbee  had  accompanied  me  all  the  afternoon.  I  arrived  at 
Esq  Vose's  much  fatigued.  I  took  tea  with  them  and  went  to 
my  lodgings.  I  hope  GOD  will  bless  the  truths  I  have  this  day 
spoken  (r6)  visited  a  private  school  in  the  neighborhood.     (i8th) 

•  Colonel  Thomas  Wyer. 


nKB\VI-.R     HOU'^R,     UnnniNSTON 

1791, 


\u 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARY 


323 


h  \ 


visited  the  families  of  Mr  Potall  Mr  Parker,  Mr  Brooks,  and  Mr 
Balkam  and  conversed  on  religious  subjects. 

July  19 — Friday.  Left  Robbinston  about  9  in  the  morning 
&  arrived  at  Calls  \2^.  (20th)  Preparing  for  the  sabbath ;  (21st) 
preached  two  sermons  from  I  Cor  2,  2  in  a  house  belonging  to 
Mr  Willet.  There  were  as  many  as  150  persons  present.  They 
were  well  dressed,  and  apparently  very  intelligent  people  seriously 
attentive  to  the  religious  exercises.  Thursday  preached  a  lecture 
at  the  house  of  a  widow  Sherman.  .  .  .  Mr  McCall,*  a  minister  of 
the  Methodist  denomination,  who  has  preached  for  many  years 
at  St  Stephen  &  who  generally  attends  the  funerals  at  Calls,  and 
whose  meeting  many  of  the  Calis  people  attend  when  they  have 
no  meeting  in  Calis,  was  present  and  made  a  prayer  after  the 
sermon.  He  is  much  esteemed  in  Calis  as  a  prudent  exemi)lary 
and  pious  man. 

July  24  —  Wednesday.  Rode  up  the  St  Croix  about  7  miles 
on  the  St  Stephen  side  to  William  Vance  Esq's.  Dined  with 
him  and  crossed  the  river  into  Xo  6  and  preached  in  his  barn  a 
discourse  to  above  50  people  belonging  to  No  6  iV  7  excepting 
a  few  from  Calis  and  some  carpenters  and  other  laborers  in  the 
employ  of  Esq  Vance.  Text  Prov  23.  7.  In  No  6t  &  7  there 
are  iS  families  consisting  of  about  a  hundred  persons,  old  and 
young.  They  are  destitute  of  meetings  schools  and  books.  Esq 
\'ance  informs  me  tliat  there  are  not  more  than  four  or  five  bibles 
in  both  townships.  There  are  besides  the  bibles  a  few  testaments 
and  mutilated  bibles.  ...  1  had  promised  Esq  \'ance  a  few  days 
before  the  lecture  that  I  would  come  and  preach,  and  he  sent  in- 
formation to  all  the  families  in  both  townships.  In  the  two  fam- 
ilies furthest  up  the  river  and  farthest  from  the  place  of  meeting, 
there  are  three  women,  all  of  whom  are  barefoot  because  they 
have  no  shoes.  After  they  were  invited  to  attend  the  meeting, 
said  if  Esq  Wince  had  sent  them  some  shoes  they  would  have 
come.  .  .  . 


■  ,1 


^    i 

if. 


m 


,v.i 


*  Rev.  Duncan  McCnll,  of  St.  Sieplien,  states  in  his  diary  for  i.Sii.  as  reported  in 
Kiiowltcn's  History  ol  Calais,  that  "  tlie  people  at  Calais  have  eniploxed  Rev.  Mr. 
Abbnd  a  Congregationalist  to  preach  for  them." 

t  No.  f)  was  incorporated  in  1S25,  and  called  Daring,  and  No.  7  "  Alexander,"  in  1835. 
These  were  included  in  the  Bingham  piircliase,  and  were  so  named  for  Alexander  liariiig, 
one  of  the  tiingham  heirs,  who  afterward  became  Lord  Ashburton, 


II 


r-i 


I-    ; 


324 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


A  number  of  pages  are  taken  up  with  accounts  of  several 
schools  in  Calais,  which  Mr.  Abbot  visited  with  Mr.  Jones 
Dyer  and  Captain  Dovvnes,  selectmen  of  the  town,  giving 
statistics  of  attendance,  school-books,  etc. 

July  27  —  Saturday  p.m.  Came  from  Calls  to  Robbinston  on 
horseback.  Road  so  poor  that  by  far  the  greater  part  of  the  way 
two  horses  cannot  go  abreast.  The  distai:ce  is  said  to  be  about 
12  miles.  From  Mr  Pettygroves  in  Calis  to  General  I5rewers  in 
Robbinston  it  is  said  to  be  7^  miles,  and  there  is  no  family  be- 
tween and  excepting  a  peice  of  two  or  three  acres  on  which  the 
trees  are  lately  cut  down,  both  sides  of  the  path  are  covered  with 
trees  of  the  original  growth. 

July  28  —  LORDS  day.  Preached  at  Robbinston  in  the  meet- 
ing house  two  discourses  John  15th  24th.  Seven  gentlemen  and 
ladies  had  come  from  Calis  to  attend  the  meeting,  and  several 
persons  from  No  i  township.  The  whole  assembly  consisting  of 
about  200  souls. 

July  29th.  Visited  the  house  of  Mr  Stanhope  and  conversed 
with  Mrs  S.,  Mr  S.  not  at  home.  Visited  also  Mrs  lioyes  who 
is  a  serious  woman  &  an  Episcopalian.  Visited  also  Mrs  Ma- 
lona  &  her  daugliter  Mrs  Hall,  whose  husband  *  is  under  .sen- 
tence of  death.  Ilotii  of  the  women  appear  serious,  and  find  com- 
fort in  prayer.  Visited  Mr  Stickneys  family.  Mr  S  is  a  Metlio- 
dist  apparently  a  serious  man.  He  had  his  house  burnt  not  long 
ago.  and  with  his  house  almost  all  his  household  furniture,  and 
his  iJible  and  some  other  good  books.  He  has  nine  children 
seven  of  which  he  hopes  will  go  to  school  next  winter ;  six  0*^ 
them  must  read  in  the  spelling  book,  and  they  have  but  one  copy. 
Thursday  Aug  1st.  Preached  a  lecture  at  Mr  Ziba  Ijoyclen's.  His 
wife's  mother  is  an  aged  woman  unal)Ie  to  attend  meeting  at  the 
meeting-house,  which  is  six  miles  distant,  and  the  road  very  bad. 
About  25  people  attended  the  meeting.  Text  Luke  23  —  43. 
Mess  ISugbee,  Vose  and  Palkam  accompanied  me  to  the  lecture.  .  . 

Friday  August  2d.     Loft  Robbinston  to  go  to  Dennysville,  in 

•  Kbeneier  Hall  w.is  executed  at  Castine,  Oct.  31,  i8ii,for  thooting  John  T.  Downcs 
on  the  2Sth  of  January,  same  year,  in  the  lower  part  of  Calais,  while  the  latter  was  under- 
taking to  arrest  liim  for  being  engaged  in  manufacturing  counterfeit  money. 


A    FRONTIER    MlSSION.\R\ 


->  ■>  r 

j-5 


company  witli  the  post.  Arrived  at  Peiimaquan  at  3  oclock  p.m. 
Jiuli^e  Lincoln  had  requested  me  to  be  at  that  place  if  possible 
in  season  to  attend  the  funeral  of  a  Mrs  Wilder,*  mother  to  a 
considerable  part  of  the  town.  I5ut  the  relations  not  e.xpecting 
me  had  sent  to  llastport,  and  invited  a  .Mr  Clarke  a  ]!a|)tist  candi- 
date to  come  and  preach  on  the  occasion.  When  I  anived  Mr 
Clarke  had  almost  concluded  his  discourse.  I  was  well  pleased 
at  beini;-    thus   relieved    from   i)reachin<^   at    that   time,   as    I    was 


l.lNCDl.N    IIOesK,    LlliNNNsVII.l.E,     I'.l  Il.T    17^7 


fatigued  with  a  hurried  ride  over  broken  bridj^a's,  rocks,  rodts, 
mud  and  mire  so  deep  that  the  horse  could  scarcely  .:;et  along,  foi' 
[as  he  writes  to  a  correspondent]  "the  road  from  Kobbinston  to 
Dennysville  is  worse  than  I  ever  saw  or  you  ever  heard  of  be- 
fore."' 1  walked  to  the  <;rave  with  .\lr  Clarke  and  after  the 
funeral  conversed  a  little   with   the  a^ed   widower,  almost   heart 


1. 


^■;:ti 


•  My  niont-(;raiulni()lln.'r.  I  let  Inisb.uul,  Captain  'riu-'niiliiliis  Wilder,  was  diie  of  the 
pioneers  I  if  tlie  town,  being  a  pafseiij;er  on  llie  sloop  "Sally,"  tlie  "  M.i\ll.iwer  "  of  the 
Hinnh.ini  Dennys  Rivei  emigration,  arrivinj;  May  iS,  178C).  He  served  in  the  Revolii- 
tiunary  War,  and  toinmaiuled  the  Hingliain  Company  at  .Saratoga  at  the  lime  of  lliir- 
i;oyne'»  surrender. 


326 


EASTPORT   AND    I'ASSAMAQUODDV 


. 

; 


I 


]■■ 


f     ■ 


broken  at  the  loss  of  his  wife  and  the  mother  of  his  children.  I 
accompanied  Judge  Theodore  Lincoln*  to  his  home.  [In  a  let- 
ter written  the  same  evening  he  says]:  I  am  now  at  the  house 
of  Judge  Lincoln.  I  arrived  this  afternoon  at  this  mansion,  far 
famed  for  its  hospitality  and  am  hospitably  received.  ...  I  see  a 
Goliath  before  me,  and  I  feel  much  less  than  David.  Here  is  a 
whole  county,  and  I  believe  not  more  than  one  settled  minister 
in  it.  Here  are  many  families,  who  have  no  bibles  and  can  attend 
no  meeting.  Here  are  many  children  who  can  attend  no  school, 
and  have  no  books.  Here  are  many  christians,  who  have  no  ordi- 
nances; many  sinners  who  have  no  GOD. 

t  Dennysville  (or  No  2  as  it  is  not  incorporated)  consists  of  three 
settlements  considerably  distinct  from  each  other.  One  settle- 
ment in  which  Judge  Lincoln  lives  is  on 
the  northern  shore  of  Dennys  River  at 
the  head  of  the  tide  and  the  falls.  Here 
they  have  lately  erected  a  new  building 
large  enough  to  accommodate  conven- 
iently two  hundred  people,  assembled 
for  religious  worship,  and  it  is  made 
so  warm  %  by  having  the  walls  filled 
with  bricks  that  it  is  very  convenient 
for  a  school  house.  Another  settle- 
ment is  on  the  Pemmaquan  river  §  prin- 
cipally on  the  western  shore.  The  people  are  principally  good 
farmers,  and  raise  good  crops  of  wheat,  rye,  oats,  potatoes,  grass 
and  an  abundance  of  garden  sauce.  They  live  as  well  as  the 
majority  of  the  farmers  in  the  old  towns  of  Massachusetts,  This 
settlement  is  not  compact,  but  extended  about  live  miles.  It  is 
about  6  miles  from  Dennys  River.  The  third  is  about  what  is 
called  Youngs  Cove;   this  is  on  the  northern  and  eastern  shore 


rnNNVS    KIVKR    SCIIODL-HOI'SR. 


*  Judge  Theodore  IJncoln  was,  like  Mr.  Abbot,  a  Harvard  man,  being  a  graduate  in 
1784.  His  iiouse  built  in  1787,  the  first  iwo-story  house  in  this  part  of  the  Slate,  is  still 
standing  unchanged,  in  excellent  preservation. 

t  Dennysville  was  incoriiorated  18 18. 

\  It  was  not  then  considered  necessary  to  have  meeting-houses  warmed. 

§  In  1832,  Pennamaquan  and  the  adjoining  section,  being  the  larger  part  of  the  area 
of  the  township,  were  set  off,  and  incorporated  with  the  name  of  Pembroke. 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARY 


327 


of  the  bay  into  which  Dennys  River  empties,  and  is  on  tlie  west- 
ern side  of  the  point  of  land  on  which  is  the  Penamaquan  settle- 
ment and  distant  2  or  3  miles. 

Saturday  August  3. —  Attended  the  conference  at  Penmaquan. 
This  conference  is  attended  once  a  month.  Few  attend  it  ex- 
cept such  as  have  made  a  public  profession  of  religion,  or  hope 
they  are  experimentally  acquainted  with  it.  There  are  in  this 
town  two  churches,  one  of  Congregational  and  tlio  other  of  Bap- 
tist denominations.  Persons  in  the  neighboring  townships  i,  10, 
3  and  Kobbinston  belong  to  these  churches.  The  Baptist  church 
is  largest.  Ail  the  members  of  both  churches  that  can  attend 
meet  in  this  conference  and  in  a  harmonious  manner  converse  on 
the  importance  of  religion,  on  the  state  of  their  own  minds,  and 
on  the  nature  and  evidences  of  true  religion. 

LORDS  day  August  4.  Preached  at  Dennys  River  in  the  new 
meeting  house,  about  200  attended.  2  persons  came  from  Kobbin- 
ston 12  miles,  a  few  from  No  3,  12  miles  or  more,  one  from  No  y 
10  miles,  several  from  No  10  &  from  Penamaquan  many.  Texts 
Matthew  5,  3,  Proverbs  23,  7,  Before  the  close  of  the  afternoon 
service  there  was  a  collection  for  the  society  of  $4.60. —  Monday 
August  5. —  Visited  the  family  of  Mr.  William  Kilby*  a  worthy 
pious  man.  Tuesday,  sick.  Wednesday  visited  Mr  Runnels,  Mr 
Eastman,  and  Mr  Wilder.  Thursday  —  visited  Esq  Hobart  in 
No  ID,*  and  dined  with  Capt  John  Crane  in  No  9,*  went  with 
him  his  family  and  others  in  a  boat  about  two  miles  to  No  i2.t 
Preached  a  lecture  in  the  house  of  Mr  Abijah  Crane  to  about  35 
people.  The  people  almost  all  in  the  neighborhood  attend,  and 
were  very  thankful  for  the  opportunity  to  hear  preaching.  Re- 
turned to  Dennysville.  .\[r  Kilby  accompanied  me  to  day. — 
i'^riday  visited  the  family  of  Mr  Lippingcott.  Mr  L  is  a  quaker 
and  was  not  at  home.  Mrs  L  was  baptized  in  infancy,  was  well 
educated,  and  seems  now  to  be  in  some  measure  awakened.  She 
thinks  favorably  of  f[uakerism  but  is  not  settled  in  opinion.  I 
visited  also  Mr   Benjamin  Jones  in  No  10.     He  appears  to  be  a 


II 


I  i  n 


•William  Kilby  and  Isaac  Hobart,  my  two  grandfathers. 

t  No.  9,  Trescott,  incorporate'!  1S27;    No.   10,  Edmands,   i^aS;  and  No.  12,  Whit- 
ing,  1S25, 


ii 


''I 


§ 


ill 


l\ 


i 


32S 


EASTPORT   AXD    PASSAMAQUODDY 


christian,  a  man  of  natural!)-  superior  abilities,  and  has  acquired 
much  inf(5rmation. 

Saturday  went  to  Penmaquan,  lodged  with  Mr  Warren  Gard- 
ner who  is  a  Baptist  and  I  trust  an  experimental  christian. 
LORDS  day  August  i  ith,  preached  at  Mr  Gardners  two  sermons. 
The  assembly  as  last  LORDS  day  was  composed  of  Baptists  and 
Congregationalists.  The  morning  was  rainy  and  the  tide  not 
favorable  for  people  coming  by  water  so  that  not  so  many  attended 
as  did  attend  at  Dennys  River.  Collection  taken  for  the  society* 
$5.45.  After  meeting  I  went  to  Mr  Bela  Wilders  to  pass  the 
night.  Mr  Theophilus  Wilder  and  his  wife  came  in  to  spend  the 
evening.  .  .  .  Monday  Mr  Theophilus  Wilder  accompanied  me  to 
West  cove.  I  preached  a  lecture  at  the  house  of  Mr  James 
Mahar.  About  35  persons  were  present.  The  meeting  was  very 
solemn.  Among  my  hearers  were  Sabbath  breakers,  swearers, 
is:c.  Many  seemed  to  be  affected  and  every  one  seemed  to  be 
looking  at  himself.  I  was  enabled  to  speak  and  to  pray  with 
much  freedom  and  tenderness.  Congregationalists,  Baptists  and 
Catholics  thanked  me,  and  appeared  very  grateful  to  the  society 
for  affording  them  the  opportunity  to  hear  a  discourse.  Most  of 
the  families  of  this  settlement  are  very  poor,  they  have  never  had 
a  school  among  them,  and  veiy  seldom  any  preaching.  They  live 
4  or  5  miles  from  the  places  where  the  private  meetings  are 
usually  held  at  Penamaquan,  and  much  farther  from  the  meetings 
at  Dennys  River.  After  lecture  I  returned  to  Judge  Lincolns, 
but  could  not  get  there  without  returning  a  distance  of  about  6 
miles  to  .Mr  Wilder's  whence  it  was  more  than  6  miles  to  Judge 
L%  and  the  road  was  so  bad  I  did  not  arrive  until  9  o'clock  in  the 


evenmg. 


meetmg 


Tuesday  Aug  13. —  Catechised  the  children  in  the 
house  at  Dennys  River.  About  25  attended.  .  .  .  Visited  a  Mr 
Presson  a  member  of  the  Congregational  church  in  this  place. 
Wednesday  Aug  14. —  Preached  a  lecture  in  the  meeting  house  at 
Dennys  River.  About  seventy  five  people  assembled  and  gave 
serious  attention.  Thursday  Aug  15  came  from  Dennysville  to 
Robbinston.     Friday  and    Saturday,   called    on    his    Excellency 

•The  iiiissionarv  societv  that  sent  Mr.  Abbot. 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARV 


329 


E.  H.  Robbins*  &  was  employed  in  writing  for  the  Sabbath. 
During  my  absence  there  has  been  considerable  improvements 
made  in  the  meeting  house  in  this  town.  The  house  is  now 
painted ;  a  new  pulpit  and  new  pews  have  been  made.  .  .  . 

Tuesday  August  20  went  to  No  I  accompanied  in'  Mr.  Daniel 
Bugbee.  Preached  in  the  house  of  Mr  Swett.  The  audience 
was  small.  It  is  said  that  considerable  hay  was  down,  and  that 
as  it  was  uncommonly  good  hay  weather  they  could  not  leave  it. 
About  25  persons  attended.  .  .  .  The  people  were  very  serious  and 
thanked  me.  I  visited  a  school  taught  by  Miss  Mary  Bond  in  the 
house  of  Mr  William  Bugbee.  15  children  attended.  .  .  .  Visited 
Mr  Job  Johnsons,  Mr  .Morrisons,  and  called  on  Mr  Robert 
Cooper:  not  at  home.  Sabbath  25th  went  on  horseback  to  Calis 
and  preached  in  a  hall  belonging  to  Capt  Downes.  In  the  morn- 
ing about  60  were  present  and  in  the  afternoon  about  100  and  per- 
haps more.  People  were  attentive.  Aged  and  hardened  sinners 
seemed  to  listen  as  those  who  must  give  account,  passed  the  night 
at  Stephen  Brewer  Escf.  Monday  Aug  26,  visited  the  family  of 
Mr  Francis  Pettygrove  and  examined  the  school  in  Dist.  No  4 
in  his  house  15  children  attend,  9  present  .  .  .  passed  the  night  at 
Mr  Samuel  Darling's.  Tuesday  27th,  visited  the  family  of  Mr 
Paul  Knight  &  e.xamined  scliool  Dist  No  3,  26  were  present.  In 
the  afternoon  preached  a  lecture  in  the  school  house.  I  passed 
the  night  with  Mr  Paul  Knight.  Mrs  Knight  has  borne  him  18 
children  all  living  except  one  who  died  in  the  r7th  year.  Among 
the  children  are  three  pairs  of  twins. f  Passed  the  night  of  the 
2Sth  with  the  family  of  Esq  Pike. 

Monday  Sept  2.  Went  from  Robbinston  to  No  3.$  Rode  to 
Mr  Boyden's  on  horseback,  and  crossed  a  part  of  Boyden's  Lake 
in  a  birch  canoe.  Then  my  guide  Mr  Eljene/er  Fisher  carried 
tiie  canoe  on  his  back  about  a  half  a  mile.  Tiience  we  descended 
the  stream  that  leads  from  Boydens  Lake  to  Penmaquan  Lake, 
and  crossed  the  lake  to  the  mouth  of  Round  Pond  stream.     Then 


1 


1 


I 


i:^ 


<Xf 


■    !' 


'Hon.   Edw.  H.  Robbins  of  Milton,  former  lieutenant  governor  of  the  Common, 
wealth,  the  principal  proprietor  of  the  township. 

t  I  am  told  that  on  ,t  single  occasion  the  father,  mother,  and  eighteen  cliildren  sat  at 
the  table  together. 

t  Incoriiorated  in  1825  as  Charlotte. 


33° 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


we  poled  up  this  stream  into  Round  Pond  and  landed  at  Mr  Dan- 
iel Fisher's.  There  arc  now  9  families  in  No  3  —  67  persons,  and 
32  children  of  a  proper  age  to  attend  school.  They  have  no  school 
books  and  have  never  had  anj-  school  in  town.  It  is  three  years 
since  the  commencement  of  the  settlement  .  .  .  On  Tuesday  I  vis- 
ited the  family  of  Mr  Abiah  Damon  and  preached  a  lecture  in  his 
house  to  about  40  people,  also  visited  the  family  of  Mr  John 
Uridges  and  Mr  Trusdale.  Sept.  4,  I  visited  Mr.  Greenlaw's  fam- 
ily, took  breakfast  with   him  and  returned  to    Robbinston.—  My 


:  ..  ' X'i'^'-'-^i'^ 


WESTON    HOUSE,    EASTPOKT,    BL'ILT    iSlO. 

mission  is   now  closed.     It  was   eight  weeks   yesterday  since    I 
arrived  at  General  Brewer's  Robbinston. 


Here  closes  Mr.  Abbot's  first  journal,  and  what  follows  is 
taken  from  his  private  letters,  written  at  the  time,  and  other 
minutes.  He  was  engaged  by  the  Congregationalists  of 
Eastport  to  preach  for  them.  While  here,  made  his  home 
with  J.  D.  Weston,  Esq.,  who  was  graduated  from  Har- 
vard four  years  in  advance  of  him  ;  and  the  subscription  list 
in  Mr.  Sabine's  article  preceding  this  gives  the  names  of  the 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARY 


33 » 


principal  supporters  of  the  movement.     Sept.  19,   iSii,  he 
writes  :  — 

There  are  lying  east  of  Machias  in  a  body  four  incorporated 
cind  fourteen  unincorporated  townships,  covering  a  country  about 
47  miles  long  20  broad,  containing  between  3  and  4000  people,  all 
of  whom  are  as  sheep  having  no  shepherd.  In  all  this  region  there 
is  at  present  no  jjerson  who  preaches  except  myself.  How  can  I 
leave  them  alone.''  Few  of  them  are  acquainted  with  religion; 
many  are  very  ignorant  very  thoughtless  and  very  wicked.  Yet  in 
the  incorporated  townshijjs,  there  is  as  large  a  proportion  of  peo- 
ple of  taste  and  fashion  as  in  any  seaport  in  New  ICngland.  .  .  . 

There  is  in  this  town  considerable  superstition  among  some 
aged  people.  .  .  .  Though  they  are  ignorant,  I  believe  them  pious, 
and  therefore  am  grieved  for  them.  Their  prejudices  I  believe 
have  been  strengthened  by  the  preaching  of  a  Mr  Murphy  who 
deceased  a  little  before  I  came  to  this  town.  Mr  Murphy  taught 
that  a  man  ought  never  to  know  his  te.xt  before  he  entered  the 
meeting  house ;  then  he  said  if  the  preacher  was  sent  by  God  he 
would  be  taught  what  to  say.  Two  aged  men  who  had  imbibed 
this  sentiment  were  grieved  at  my  using  notes  and  did  not  attend 
in  the  afternoon.  .  .  .  Those  who  are  opposed  to  preaching  with 
notes,  are  also  opposed  to  having  a  bass  viol  in  the  meeting 
house.  .  .  . 


! 


91 


:-|f 


Among  his  papers  is  preserved  the  following  letter   — 

RoiiiiiNSTOX  Sei)t.  1 2th  1811. 
Vc'ur  Sir, —  It  would  be  agreeable  to  the  Field  officers  of  the 
3d  Reg'  if  you  could  make  it  convenient  to  attend  the  Revew  at 
East  port  on  Tuesday  next.  Gen'  Brewer  has  written  me  on  the 
subject  and  requested  that  I  should  present  his  compliments,  rep- 
resenting that  we  shall  probably  be  destitute  of  a  chaplain.  A 
conveyance  shall  be  provided  from  this  place  either  on  Monday  or 

Tuesday  morning. 

With  esteem 

I  am  yours 

John  Bai.kam. 
.Mr  E  Ahbot. 


'  -1 


M 


332 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


': 


Mr.  Abbot  performed  chaplain's  duty  on  the  day  of  mus- 
ter. The  regiment  was  commanded  by  Lieutenant-colonel 
Oliver  Shead,  and  John  iJalkam  and  Joseph  Whitney  were 
majors.  Mr.  Abbot  had  not  been  ordained,  and  expressed 
regrets  at  his  inability  to  administer  the  ordinances.  Presi- 
dent Appleton  was  writing  and  urging  him  to  accept  the 
position  of  tutor  at  Bowdoin  College,  but  he  decided  to 
remain  at  his  post  in  Passamaquoddy. 

He  writes  from  Robbinston,  November  4  :  — 

Mr  Jotliani  Sewall  is  on  a  mission  in  tills  region  and  is  expected 
to  preach  a  lecture  in  this  town  on  Wednesday  evening.  I  hope 
for  the  pleasure  of  seeing  him  before  I  go  to  Eastport.  I  con- 
sider him,  under  God,  the  father  of  almost  all  the  religion  in  this 
[part  of  the]  country.  Nov.  24.  Agreeably  to  arrangements  with 
Mr  Sewall  I  went  to  Robbinston  and  was  present  at  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  church  there.  Mrs  Jones,  Mrs  French's  sister,  with 
five  other  persons  (two  men  and  three  women)  constituted  the  new 
church.  Dec.  2.  The  winter  on  many  accounts  is  the  best  sea- 
son to  missionate  in  new  places.  In  the  summer  roads  are  bad, 
and  it  is  difficult  getting  from  town  to  town,  and  difficult  for  people 
to  come  together;  but  the  snow  which  covers  up  the  mud,  and 
makes  rough  places  smooth,  removes  all  these  difficulties,  and 
sleds  and  sleighs  will  bring  people  together. 

Dec  2S. —  The  meeting  house*  in  this  town  is  at  a  distance, 
and  is  a  cold  and  unccmfortable  place  in  the  winter,  and  no  meet- 
ing is  held  in  it.  It  is  unfinished  has  no  fire  and  is  little  larger 
than  the  school  house  in  which  I  preach.  Mr.  Clarke  preaches 
in  the  upper  part  of  a  large  house.  Dec  29. —  The  people  in  this 
region  are  liberal  of  their  property;  their  minister  will  never  want 
temporal  things  so  much  as  they  do  spiritual. 

He  makes  frequent  reference  to  Mr,  Clark,  the  Baptist 
minister;  and  they  attended  each  other's  services. 

*  The  meeting-house  referred  to  was  the  old  Moose  Island  meeting-house,  which 
stood  at  the  turn  of  the  road,  up  island,  until  the  P>ritish  afterward  moved  it  to  the  head 
of  Boynton  Street ;  and  the  school-house  in  which  he  preached  was  the  "  Old  South." 


A    FRONTIER    .MISSIONARY 


1   -^  ^ 


Feby  i,  1812.  Mr  Mory  informed  me  that  he  had  prx)mised 
money  and  material  for  buildinLC  a  meeting  house  (Fel)y  7).  The 
heads  of  a  consideralile  part  of  the  families  of  my  society  sailed 
up  to  Robbinston  in  the  Now   I'ackPt  on  a  party  of  pleasure,  ex- 


.t 


I 
,  ) 


»l 


■'■n 


if 


'tl^'K 


H0I3AUT    llOU^K,    LITTI.l'    FALLS,    ED.MANDS,    I'UILT    iSofi, 


pecting  to  return  on  Saturday,  but  the  storm  and  contrary  wind 
prevented  their  returning  before  the  afternoon  of  the  Sabbath. 
As  so  many  of  the  society  were  absent,  instead  of  preaching  1 
went  to  hear  Mr  Clarke.  Feby  10 — Went  to  Dennysviile  with 
Judge  Lincoln.  12  —  visited  Capt  Hobart  proprietor  of  Planta- 
tion No  10.     He  is  a  Baptist.     He  treated  me   hospitably  and    I 


.     t 


f   : 


334 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


passed  the  night  with  him.  lie  has  Fuller's  Dialogues  on  De- 
pravity. .  .  .  This  subject  with  Antinomianism  afforded  abundant 
matter  for  conversation.  I  spoke  what  I  think  is  the  truth  plainly, 
and  I  hope  God  will  make  it  effectual  for  good.  While  at  Judge 
Lincoln's  I  tried  hard  to  make  the  judge  believe.  . .  .  But  he 
seems  to  be  one  of  Dr  Ware's*  men  (He  is  you  know  from  Hing- 
ham).  He  was  really  very  kind  to  me.  His  wife  is  a  superior 
woman.  .  .  .  Feby  15 — Visited  the  school  at  Dennys  River  taught 
by  Miss  De  Woife.f 

March  17th  —  I  took  tea  at  Mr  Prince's. J;  ...  I  think  he  is  a  truly 
good  man.  ...  I  trust  he  will  be  persuaded  to  join  in  establishing 
a  church  and  that  he  will  be  a  blessing  to  this  place.  Mar  iS  — 
Took  tea  with  Capt  Brooks  who  commands  the  E  V  I'acket. 
Mrs  Brooks  is  daughter  of  Rev  Mr  Webster  of  Biddeford.  .  .  . 
After  tea  passed  the  night  at  Mr  Seward  Bucknam's.  ...  It  is 
now  very  probable  that  my  society  will  have  a  good  meeting  house 
50  by  60  feet  completed  by  next  fall.  Capt  llovey  of  Machias 
has  contracted  with  some  of  the  gentlemen  of  my  society  to  build 
the  house.  ...  I  e.xpect  that  the  pulpit  will  be  at  one  end,  and 
that  there  will  be  a  vestry  under  the  belfry.  .  .  .  Mrs.  Weston  who 
is  very  Orthodox,  or  highly  Calvinistic  in  sentiment,  has  several 
times  said  she  was  afraid  I  was  so  plain  that  I  should  offend. 
Yet  I  do  not  know  that  I  have  offended  in  conversation  or  preach- 
ing, one  of  my  people,  and  the  Baptists  generally  treat  me  with 
much  kindness.  .  .  .  April  iSth.  .  .  .  The  land  for  a  meeting  house 
here  is  purchased  and  forty  of  the  pews  are  sold,  and  all  the  obli- 
gations for  building  it  are  signed.  .  .  . 

Besides  names  already  mentioned,  amonj;  others  upon 
whom  he  called  were  Messrs.  iJanu,  Shead,  Garland,  Benja- 
min Bucknam,  Drs.  Balch  and  Ba.xter,  Steele,  Cheney,  Chase, 
Wood,  Baker,  Webster,  Cary,  Mayden,  and  Judge  Burgin. 

"Rev.  Henry  VV .ire,  D.D.,  was  a  ciassiiiate  of  Judge  Liticnln  at  ccillo);e.  His  ap- 
pointment a  few  years  before  at  Hollis  Professor  of  Divinity  at  Harvard,  against  the 
indignant  protest  of  the  orlliodox  or  evanuelical  wing  of  the  ConnreKational  bndy,  may 
be  N.iid  to  liave  been  a  proniiiietit  cause  of  the  est.iblishnient  of  tiie  new  Theological 
School  at  Aiidover,  with  its  sharply  defined  creed. 

t  Afterward  Mrs.  John  Webster.  t  Afterward  Deacon  Eiekiel  Prince. 


A    FROXTIIiR    MISSIONARY 


335 


.-^r-y^ 


■\.i^\f.>.':i: 


The  journal  of  Mr.  Abbot's  second  mission  begins  March 
21,  1812  :  — 

Went  from  Eastport  to  Dennysvillc,  callud  on  tlie  family  of 
Mr.  Moses  Lincoln  in  Township  Xo  i,  conversed  with  liim  on 
religion  and  conversed  with  Mr  Zenas  Wilders  family  in  Dennys- 
ville.  Passed  the  night  at  Judge  Lincolns.  March  22  —  Preached 
in  Dennysville  two  sermons.  After  meeting  went  to  l'>  R  Jones 
Esq's,  conversed  with  him,  and  catechised  his  children.  Mr 
Jones  is  desirous  of  joining  the  Congregational  church  in  Dennys- 
ville, but  he  has  doubts.  Passed  the  evening  and  night  with  Mr 
Kilby.  Mrs  Kilby  and  her  daughter  Mary  appear  to  be  worthy  of 
joining  this  church  of  which 
Mr  Kilby  is  already  a  mem- 
ber. 

March  23d.  Went  to 
Eastport  to  get  a  horse 
tS:  sleigh  and  some  books 
for  distribution:  called  on 
the  families  of  ])i-  Balch, 
Capt  iJrooks,  Mrs  Kobbius. 
Mr   Steele   and    Mr   01m- 

stead.  .  .  .  Mar  24  —  went  to  Rol^binston  t!v:  25th  to  Calis:  called 
on  the  families  of  Mess  Downes.  Pike,  George  Knights  and  Jones 
Dyer.  March  26 — Dined  at  Mr  Days  in  Township  No  6,  called 
on  the  families  of  the  Mess  Scott.  In  No  7  called  on  Mr  I'^li 
Sprague.  In  No  17  for  Poke  Moonshine  called  at  Mr  P.rowns. 
Preached  a  lecture  at  Mr  JClisha  Grants  and  lodged  with  him. 
There  arc  but  four  families  in  No  17  ov;  29  jieople.  19  are  chil- 
dren and  only  three  of  them  know  the  alphabet. 

After  giving  the  names  of  people  to  whom  he  distributed 
books,  he  writes  :  — 

There  is  now  a  bible  in  every  family  in  Townshii)s  Nos  6,  7 
Ov  17,  and  the  children  are  well  supplied  with  school  bodks. 

•William  Kilby  was  appointed  postmaster  in  tlie  year  i?oo,  ulien  the  mail  arrived 
once  a  fortnight,  brought  tiiroitgh  the  woods  t)y  a  man  nn  foot;  and  at  first  the  oflice 
income  was  at  the  rate  of  little  over  five  dollars  a  year.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  sons 
.md  j;r,iiidsons,  and  the  oflice  remained  in  the  family  ei>;hty-six  years. 

t  No.  17  incorporated  in  1S32  as  I'linceion. 


KII.HV    m)L'SK    AND   B.\RI.V    DBNNVS    KIVKl; 
I'OST-dFI-ICn.* 


')  ■ 


fW 


■"'^^r™'^*''**'**'**"''^''^*^ 


33^ 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


.March  29 — Preached  two  sermons  at  Air  Day's.  30th,  visited 
in  Xo  6  Mr  Boyd,  and  Mr  Solomon  Perkins's  family,  came  to 
No  3,  visited  Mr  David  Fisher  and  Mr  Warren  Gardiner.  (31) 
went  to  Penamaquan,  visited  Mr  Samuel  Leighton  and  Capt 
Hardy.  Went  to  Dennysville,  put  up  at  Judge  Lincoln's  and 
visited  Mr  Mahew.  April  i, —  visited  the  families  of  Mess  Bos- 
worth,  Presson,  Benner,  Wilder  &  Kilby  »S:  preached  a  lecture  in 
the  schoolhouse  in  Dennys  River. —  April  2  —  visited  Mr  Zadock 
Hersey's  family  on  the  east  side  of  Penamaquan.  Preached  a 
lecture  at  Mr  I.saiah  Hersey's  *  in  the  afternoon,  &  in  the  even- 


f^^^ 


»;■..; 


CON(iKHf;Ari()NAI,   CHURCH    AND    I'UHI.IC     HLILDINn,    CONTAINING    SCHOi  IL-ROOMS    AM) 

TOWN    MALI.,    IIUILT   ON    TlIK    llll.l.    IN    DKNN VSVII.I.E,    WHKRK   THi;    SCHOol.- 

HOUSE    ■rilBN    STOUD. 

ing  at  Mr  Warren  Gardiner  Jrs  on  the  West  Side.  April  3  — 
visited  Ox  Cove,  Mr  Josepii  Bridges,  Abraham  Uridgcs,  i^v  John 
Carter,  and  preached  a  lecture  at  Mr  Solomon  Cushings.  April 
7th  —  At  Eastport  received  ^20.00  worth  of  books  from  my 
friends  for  di.»;tribution.  Engaged  Miss  Deborah  Crosby  to  teach 
a  school,  and  carried  her  with  me  in  my  sleig^i  to  Penamaquan.  .  . 
April  10  —  came  to  Eastport  to  exchange  my  sleigh  for  a  saddle 
i.^:  to  take  more  books  for  distribution.  y\pril  —  Left  Easti)ort 
for  Kobbinston.  In  township  No  1  lodged  at  the  house  of  Mr 
Peter  Loring.  12 — Preached  two  sermons  in  the  meeting  house 
at  Robbinstnn  and  put  up  with  Tho~  Vose  Esq.     14  —  preached  a 

•  Isai.ili  llersey,  my  Rreal-Rraiidfatlicr. 


i  1 


)hn 
)ril 
my 
;icli 

(lie 
){)rt 
Mr 
>iise 
.Ml  a 


A    FRONTIER    MLSSIONARY 


337 


lecture  at  Mr  Job  Johnson's.  19 — Preached  two  sermons  in  the 
house  of  Mr  John  Leighton  in  Xo  i.  60  people  attended.  21  — 
Visited  three  families  and  preached  a  lecture  in  the  house  of  Mr 
Nathaniel  Stoddard.  .  .  . 

April  25th.  Came  to  Lubec  with  Major  Trescott.  Called  on 
the  widow  of  Dr  John  L  B  Green.  Dr  Green  was  drowned  yes- 
terday about  4  o'clock  PM.  He  with  3  other  persons  was  in  a 
boat  loaded  with  salt,  there  was  considerable  wind  which  occa- 
sioned a  chop  where  it  opposed  the  tide.  In  passing  one  of  these 
chops  which  was  near  Roger's  Island  the  boat  filled  iS;  sunk. 
Two  of  the  men  took  hold  of  each  others  hand  across  the  bomb 
[boom]  and  supported  themselves  until  men  came  to  their  relief 
from  Rice's  Island.  Dr  Green  and  Mr  Daniel  Small  Jr  swam 
towards  Rogers  Island,  and  before  the  boat  could  come  to  them 
they  sank.  Dr  Green  was  about  28  years  old,  a  skilful  physician, 
v\:  was  doing  considerable  business  as  a  merchant  in  company 
with  Mr  Page  of  Beverly.  Dr  Green  has  left  a  widow  ct  three 
children.*  Mr  Small  was  an  industrious  young  man  and  has  left 
a  widow  >S:  three  children. 

April  26 —  LORDS  day.  Preached  two  discourses  in  the  school- 
house.  Visited  Mrs  Green  in  the  morning,  and  after  meeting 
visited  Mrs  Allan,  widow  of  the  late  Col  John  Allan  who  during 
the  Revolutionary  War  was  at  the  head  of  the  Indian  department 
in  this  region,  Col  Allan  died  in  1S05,  since  which  two  of  his 
sons  have  been  drowned,  one  of  them  a  very  promising  young 
man.  .  .  .  The  mother  appears  to  be  a  pious  woman,  and  two 
maiden  daughters  and  daughter  in  law  are  very  amiable  and 
accomplished  women.  April  27 —  I  have  passed  two  nights  with 
.Major  Trescott. 

April  29  —  Set  out  from  Capt  \'eat()n"s  to  ride  to  that  part  of 
this  town  which  is  called  South  I'.ay.  But  when  I  enteretl  the 
woods  I  found  the  road  so  bad  that  I  could  not  ride  with  so 
much  ease  or  safety  as  1  could  walk.  I  therefore  sent  back  the 
hi)rse  and  walked  about  three  miles  X:  a  half  thro  the  mud  and  ice. 
Some  places  there  was  snow  and  ice  a  foot  deep,  in  others  tiie  ice 

*  Dr.  Grucn's  name  is  presurved  in  diijen  .Streut,  Kattport.  Mrs.  Ooen  was  after- 
ward Mrs,  Solomon  Rice;  and  the  three  little  i;irls  ^rew  up  and  becitnc  Mrs.  Lorenzo 
Sabine,  Mrs   William  D.  Dana,  and  Mrs.  Jatnes  H    Andrews. 


I 


II 


m 


338 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


was  so  thin  and  hollow  as  to  break  &  let  me  clown  on  the  mud. 
In  consequence  of  the  badness  of  the  road  I  did  not  arrive  at  the 
place  where  I  had  appointed  a  lecture,  so  soon  by  half  an  hour 
as  the  time  had  been  appointed.  Almost  all  the  people  in  the 
neighborhood  were  assembled  &  I  immediately  preached  to  them. 
There  had  been  no  preaching  for  three  years  before.  I  distributed 
primers  and  spelling  books. 

April  sotli,  walked  four  miles  through  the  mud  to  what  is  called 
Bailey's  Mistake,  called  on  three  families  and  ])reached  a  lecture 
at  Mr  Theodore  Tucker"s  house  .  .  .  after  lecture  walked  a  little 
more  than  a  mile  to  what  is  called  Haycocks  harbour  &  put  up  in 
the  family  of  Mr  Josiah  Tucker.  .  .  .  May  i  — took  breakfast  with 
Mr  Mark  Wiggins,  returned  to  Bailey's  Mistake  and  South  Bay. 
Dined  with  Mr  Samuel  Small  &  preached  a  lecture  at  Mr  Collis. 
A  very  general  attendance  of  men  wtmien  &  children  «;:c  a  solemn 
meeting.     Put  up  at  Mr  Davis. 

May  2d — Took  breakfast  with  Mr  Eaton's  familv  and  walked 
a!)out  3  miles  to  Johnson's  Bay.  \'isited  eigiu  families  and 
preached  a  lecture  at  Capt  Morton's.  May  3d  —  Called  on  Mr 
Jonathan  Reynolds  who  accompanied  me  to  CajA  I'lamsdeU's.  .  .  . 
Preached  twice  in  the  school  house,  took  tea  with  Widow  Mary 
Cutts  Allan  «&  put  up  with  Mr  Jonathan  Reynolds.  May  4  — 
Before  breakfast  went  to  luistport,  and  liought  two  do/,  spelling 
books  at  first  cost  of  .Mr  Hayden.  Went  to  Dudley  Island,  dined 
at  Mr  Allan's,  and  left  tlie  books  which  1  had  directed  to  John 
son's  Cove  and  the  light  house.  Thence  I  went  to  Seward's  Neck 
A:  called  on  Capt  Kamsdell.  .  .  .  From  there  I  came  with  Mi- 
Isaac  Crane  thro  Cobscook  Falls  to  Capt  John  Crane's  wliere  wc 
took  tea,  and  with  Mr  Isaac  Crane  to  his  house  in  .\o  12  com- 
monly called  Orangetown  where  I  put  up  for  the  nigiil. 

May  5  —  I'reached  a  lecture  at  the  house  of  Mr  Abijah  Crane 
in  the  forenoon.  The  people  wiio  could  attend  listened  with  very 
solemn  attention.  There  has  been  a  cold  storm  of  rain  and  snow 
tlirough  the  day  so  some  of  the  women  could  not  attend.  .  .  . 
\'isited  Mr  Horatio  Gates  Allan's  family  Mr  Samuel  Wiieclers 
cS:  .Mr  Saunders'  family.  Visited  the  family  of  Mr  Mark  Allan. 
He  was  at  meeting,  but  could  not  be  at  liome  when  1  called.  .Mrs 
Allan  appears  to  be  a  pious  woman,  and  anxious  to  liring  up  her 
children  in  the  nurture  and  admonition  of  the  Lord. 


ers 
Ian. 

her 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARY 


339 


May  6  —  Visited  Capt  John  Crane's  family  and  Mr  William 
Bell's.  In  consequence  of  the  winds  blowing  very  strong  I  was 
obliged  to  walk  from  Mr  Abijah  Crane's  here,  a  distance  of  two 
miles.  I  had  appointed  a  meeting  at  Mr  Hatevil  Leighton  Jrs. 
The  wind  continuing  so  strong  that  I  covdd  not  go  by  water,  I 
continued  to  walk  visiting  two  families  in  No  lo  and  put  up  at  Mr 
Nathaniel  Cox's,  much  fatigued  and  unwell,  having  walked  eight 
miles  in  a  very  bad  road.  May  7th  —  Mr  Cox  set  me  across  Cobs- 
cook  bay  to  Crow's  neck  No  9  .  .  .  hence  Mr  Nathaniel  Huckings- 
carried  me  across  the  head  of  Strait  bay  about  two  miles  to 
Denbo's  Point,  and  I  walked  a  mile  and  a  half  and  preached  a 
lecture  at  Mr  Hatevil  Leighton  Jrs.  There  are  in  this  neigiibor- 
hood  a  number  of  Roman  Catholics,  and  yesterday  when  1  was 
expected  to  preach  several  of  these  assembled  to  hear  me.  .  .  . 
After  lecture  two  young  men  set  me  across  the  head  of  South 
Day  to  Mr  Clement  Hucking's,  and  having  walked  about  two 
miles  I  put  up  at  Capt  Ramsdells.  There  were  very  few  bibles 
or  testaments  in  this  region,  Lubec  Nos  9  tX:  10  and  that  part 
of  No  12  called  Orangetown,  before  I  sent  them.  I  have  distrib- 
uted 97  bibles,  76  testaments,  74  spelling  books.  36  primers  and 
a  few  psalm  books,  sermon  books,  and  other  religious  books  iS; 
tracts.  I  have  made  careful  inquiry  and  know  of  but  one  family 
that  has  not  an  entire  copy  of  the  bible.  The  head  of  that  family 
says  he  has  jjart  of  a  bible  and  is  able  to  buy  a  new  one  when  he 
has  opportunity. 

May  Sth  —  came  to  Eastport  then  made  another  visit  to  Rob- 
binston  &'  Calls  and  returned  to  Eastport  by  .St  Andrews  jjacket. 
May  15  went  to  Lubeck  &  attended  the  funeral  of  Capt  Hopli 
N'eaton.*  He  was  73  years  old,  had  been  failing  for  several  _\ears. 
His  death  was  sudden  and  at  tiie  time  unexpected.  He  had  been 
a  Captain  in  the  naval  service  of  the  United  States.  He  had  a 
high  sense  of  honor  in  the  discharge  of  every  tluty  due  to  his 
country  >!v:  was  buried  under  the  tlag  of  the  L'S. 

'Captain  Hopley  Veaum  was  commander  of  llie  lir>t  revenue  cnttc-r  on  llic  I'aasa- 
inaiiuockly  station.  I  have  heard  Mrs.  Veatnn  described  as  a  st.uely  lady  by  diie  wiio 
knew  her  in  old  age,  and  been  told  that  while  the  family  was  Itvin;.;  at  Pnrtsmnmli.  N.H., 
in  178),  when  President  W.ishmgion  visited  the  town,  she  was  one  of  his  partners  at  the 
liall  given  ill  his  lionnr. 


IP 


i\ 


.....uj.  luujii^^mg 


i 


340 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


Here  Mr.  Abbot's  journal  closes.  The  Massachusetts 
Bible  Society  had  supplied  him  with  two  hundred  and  six- 
teen Bibles  and  one  hundred  and  sixty  Testaments,  and  his 
friends  at  Andover  and  Boston  had  sent  him  about  one  hun- 
dred dollars'  worth  of  religious  and  school  books.  Full  lists 
are  given  of  those  to  whom  these  were  distributed,  which 
show  many  names  still  familiar  in  the  region.  In  one  place, 
it  is  recorded,  "Gave  Benjamin  Leavitt  a  testament."  Ben- 
jamin must  have  been  a  stout  boy  at  that  time.  May  25,  he 
left  in  the  Eastport  packet  "  Expedition,"  Captain  Brooks  (a 
vessel  which  was  captured  by  the  British  in  the  war  that 
followed),  and  arrived  at  Boston  two  days  later. 

In  summing  up  the  results  of  his  missionary  labors,  Mr. 
Abbot  writes, — 

I  have  always  considered  it  a  very  happy  circumstance  that  I 
distributed  so  many  books  there  at  that  time,  for  war  was  declared 
against  Great  Britain  immediately  after  the  close  of  my  mission ; 
and  if  1  had  not  distributed  here  the  religious  and  school  books 
both  parents  and  children  would  have  suffered  much  for  the  want 
of  them. 


The  breaking  out  of  the  war  not  only  prevented  the 
building  of  a  Congregational  meeting-house  at  Eastport, 
but  made  it  necessary  for  Mr.  Abbot  to  turn  his  attention 
in  other  directions.  The  following  year,  Oct.  26,  18 13,  he 
was  ordained  and  installed  i)astor  of  the  Congregational 
church  at  Greenland,  N.H.,  where  he  remained  fifteen  years. 
In  18 1 5,  he  made  a  visit  to  his  old  missionary  field  at  Pas- 
saniaquoddy,  and  was  cordially  welcomed  by  his  numerous 
friends.  In  1828,  he  became  jirincipal  of  the  academy  at 
Westford,  Mass.,  in  which  position  he  continued  nine  years, 
and  during  a  portion  of  the  time  and  afterward  was  pastor 
of  the  Unitarian  church  at  that  place.  The  compiler  of  this 
volume  was,  during  one  season,  his   pupil  at  the   academy 


A    FRONTIER    MISSIONARY 


341 


and  a  member  of  his  household,  and  retains  most  pleasant 
memories  of  that  happy  year.  Mr.  Abbot  was  a  competent 
land  surveyor,  served  as  a  magistrate,  represented  the  town 
in  the  General  Court  of  Massachusetts,  and  was  always  an 
earnest  and  influential  citizen.  He  died  at  Westford,  July 
2,  1870,  aged  ninety  years,  nine  months,  twenty-three  days. 


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The  above  represents  an  okl-tinit;  Eastpurt  truck.  Most  famous  and  best  known 
among  the  teamsters  of  those  days  was  Josiah  Chubbuck ;  but,  as  the  infirmities  of  age 
began  to  tell  upon  him,  he  was  obliged  to  give  up  his  truck-horse  and  take  to  wood-horse 
and  saw;  and  by  and  by  even  this  resource  failed  him,  and  he  drifted  to  the  poorhouse, 
where  he  died.  There  was,  among  the  town's  people  who  had  long  known  him,  a  kindly 
feeling  toward  the  poor  old  truckman  ;  and  on  the  day  of  his  funeral  a  goodly  number 
assembled  to  pay  their  last  tribute  of  respect  to  liis  memory.  As  the  group  was  standing 
looking  townward,  they  saw  coming  out  a  singular  cortege,  composed  of  all  the  truck 
teams  in  town,  nearly  a  score  in  number;  and,  with  this  addition,  the  procession,  which 
moved  on  to  the  cemetery  with  slow  and  solemn  tread,  stretched  out  to  an  unusual  length. 
Then  it  was  remembered  what  was  not  known  by  those  who  iironipted  the  arrangement, 
—  that  it  was  only  the  fulfilment  of  the  old  teamster's  own  prophecy.  He  was  contin- 
ually boasting  of  the  number  of  his  friends;  and  once,  when  irritated  by  a  close-fisted 
bachelor,  who  was  one  of  the  town's  assessors,  he  retorted:  "  Perez  li.,  now  you  stop  ! 
I've  got  more  friends  in  town  than  you  have;  and,  when  I  die,  I'll  have  a  longer  funeral." 


i' .  i 


rarr 


II 


I  H! 


)■   s 


CHAPTER    X. 
EASTPORT    CHURCHES. 

WASHINGION    STREEI     DAITISI     CHURCH. 

As  H.vs  been  related  in  preceding  chapters,  a  meeting- 
house was  built  on  Moose  Island  as  early  as  1794;  but 
several  years  elapsed  before  any  permanent  religious  organi- 
zation was  effected.  Services  were  conducted  in  the  meet- 
ing-house from  time  to  time  by  itinerants,  who  were  mostly 
Baptists;  and  in  July,  1801,  Elder  Edward  Manning  bap- 
tized over  thirty  persons.  At  length,  on  the  eighth  day  of 
August,  1802,*  the  church  now  known  as  the  Washington 
Street  Baptist  Church  was  instituted  by  Rev.  James  Murphy, 
who  became  pastor,  assisted  by  Rev.  Elijah  Brooks,  of 
New  Brunswick.  Aaron  Hayden  was  the  first  deacon.  The 
church  at  the  beginning  consisted  of  fifty-seven  persons, 
widely  scattered  about  the  vicinity  and  neighboring  islands, 
some  as  far  away  as  Pennamaquan,  who  soon  after  with- 
drew and  formed  a  church  at  home ;  and  several  years  later 
others  established  a  church  at  Lubec.  At  first,  the  up  island 
meeting-house  was  occupied.  After  the  South  School-house 
was  built,  services  were  held  there ;  and  later  the  society 
worshipped  in  a  room  above  a  store  on  Water  Street.  The 
breaking  out  of  the  War  of  18 12  interrupted  plans  for  build- 


•Mr.  Weston  fixes  the  date  of  the  organization  of  tliis  church  as  1798;  but  among 
the  Sabine  papers  is  a  sketch  written  in  1848  by  Rev.  Kendall  Brooks,  Jr.,  pastor  at  the 
time,  which  makes  the  year  1S02,  and  is  doubtless  correct.  It  is  not  only  the  earliest 
religious  organization  in  town,  but  the  oldest  in  the  county  east  of  Machias.  Tlie  East- 
ern Lodge  of  Masons,  instituted  August  11,  1801,  is  the  oldest  organization  in  the  Passa- 
maquoddy  region  except  the  town  of  Eastport. 


EASTPORT   CHURCHES 


343 


ing  a  meeting-house  ;  but  services  were  continued  with  con- 
siderable reguhirity  during  the  British  occupation,  and,  after 
the  departure  of  their  forces,  the  work  was  taken  up  again. 
The  meeting-house  on  High  Street  was  dedicated  Nov.  12. 
1820,  the  pastor.  Rev.  Henry  J.  Ripley,  preaching  the  ser- 
mon.    This  house  was  ]Dlainly  built,  without  tower  or  steeple  ; 

and  the  interior  was  arranged 
in  a  peculiar  manner,  the  i:)ul- 
pit  standing  between  the  en- 
trance doors,  with  the  congre- 
gation seated  in  the  pews  facing 


-i5^&i'^. 


■-< 


■  ■ /•.■•.•v,'"'*'T'v' 

■'  ,-r-'-  l-'l    "''■l'i:'.''lM','[<|l| 

i;i|iiiui:ir;i(iiui|i,i,i.i.irJiiik.J.v:|''i'il| 


I' 


WA-HINdT'iN    hTKHET    MACTIST    CHURCH. 


that  way.  In  1S37,  when  under  the  pastoral  care  of  Rev, 
John  B.  Hague,  the  new  house  of  worshij)  was  built  un 
Washington  Street,  and  dedicated  Dec.  13,  1837,  Rev.  James 
Huckins  of  Calais  preaching  the  sermon.  In  18 18,  Samuel 
Wheeler  was  appointed  deacon.  Both  he  and  Deacon  Hay- 
den  continued  in  service  until  their  decease  ;  and  their  sons, 
Charles  H.  Hayden  and  Loring  F.  Wheeler,  were  their  im- 
mediate successors. 


i 


344 


EASTPORT    AXD    PASSAM AQUODDV 


jf  > 


For  many  years,  the  prayer  and  conference  meetings  of  the 
church  were  held  in  the  Hayden  School-house,  on  the  ledge 
at  the  top  of  lioynton  Hill.  Afterward,  a  commodious  vestry 
was  built  on  Green  Street.  Recently,  the  church  building 
has  been  raised,  and  in  the  basement  spacious  and  conven- 
ient vestry,  parlor,  library,  and  other  rooms  arranged,  giving 
the  parish  its  needed  equipment  all  under  one  roof;  and  the 
former  vestry  is  now  the  armory  of  the  Frontier  Guards. 
Although  the  society  had  been  in  existence  for  so  many 
years  under  the  Commonwealth  of  Massachusetts,  it  was  not 
until  the  separation  of  the  State  of  Maine  that  steps  were 
taken  to  secure  a  legal  organization;  and  on  the  15th  of 
June,  1820,  the  petition  of  Aaron  Hayden  and  seven  others 
was  presented  to  the  Maine  legislature  for  the  incorpora- 
tion of  the  "First  Baptist  Church  and  Society  in  Eastport." 
The  prayer  of  the  petition  was  granted  and  organization 
completed  Aug.  28,  182 1.  Bequests  amounting  to  $1,000 
have  been  received  from  the  estate  of  Deacon  Samuel 
Stevens. 

Organizatio7i  in  1SS8. 

Pastor,  Rev.  A.  J.  Hughes. 

Deacons,  John  S.  Pearce,  Samuel  Campbell,  Harvey 
Bishop,  T.  C.  Adams. 

Church  clerk,  Horace  Wilder. 

Parish  clerk,  Simon  Stevens. 

Treasurer,  T.  C.  Adams. 

Collector,  B.  A.  Gardner. 

Trustees,  P.  M.  Kane,  T.  C.  Adams,  John  McGregor. 

Sunday-school  superintendent,  E.  S.  Kinney. 

NORTH    CHRISTIAN   CHURCH. 

In  Weston's  History,  it  is  stated  that  the  church  then 
known  as  the  North  Baptist  was  organized  April  13,  18 16. 
At  first,  services  were  held  in  the  Old  South  School-house, 


EASTPORT    CHURCHES 


345 


where  other  religious  societies  met  before  and  afterward. 
It  was  also  frequently  called  the  Free-will  Baptist,  to  distin- 
guish it  from  the  older  or  Calvinist  Baptist  church.  Though 
the  second  in  order  of  time,  it  was  the  first  in  town  to  com- 
plete its  house  of  worship,  built  at  the  head  of  Washington 
Street,  which  was  dedicated 
Dec.  I,  1819,  the  pastor,  El- 
der Samuel  Rand,  preaching 
the  sermon.  A  bequest  of 
$500  was  received  from  the 
estate  of  Mrs.  Phoebe  Pea- 
vey,  widow  of  Captain  John 
N.  Peavey,  toward    the  cost 


NORTH    CllKISTIAN    CHLKCH. 


of  the  building.  John  Burgin,  Charles  Peavey,  and  Jerry 
Burgin  formed  the  building  committee.  A  peculiarity  of  the 
internal  arrangement  is  remembered.  Instead  of  placing 
the  heating  apparatus  on  the  floor,  or  beneath  it,  as  is  now 
the  custom,  the  stoves  were  hung  in  mid-air,  attached  to  the 
columns  which  support  the  roof ;  and  the  sexton  was  obliged 
to  mount  some  steps  to  make  or  replenish  the  fires. 

The  society  was  incorporated  under  an  act  of  the  General 


fi 


I 


546 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Court  of  Massachusetts,  Feb.  12,  1820,  as  the  "  P'irst  Baptist 
Society  of  Eastport."  The  following  persons  were  named 
in  the  act  of  incorporation  :  Sylvanus  Appleby,  John  liab- 
cock,  John  Burgin,  Jerry  Burgin,  Alexander  Capen,  Thomas 
Haycock,  John  Hinkley,  John  C.  Lincoln,  Robert  Mowe, 
Darius  Olmstead,  Ethel  Olmstead,  Charles  Peavey,  John 
Shackford,  and  William  Shackford.  For  several  years,  even- 
ing and  prayer  meetings  were  held  in  a  room  fitted  up  in  the 
basement  of  Mr.  Warren  Hathaway's  house  at  North  End. 
Afterward,  a  vestry  hall  was  built  on  Green  Street,  which 
was  occupied  until  the  church  building  was  raised,  and  con- 
venient accommodations  prepared  for  similar  purposes  in  the 
basement;  and  the  local  post  of  the  Grand  Army  of  the 
Republic  now  occupies  the  former  vestry.  The  present  de- 
nominational connection  of  the  society  is  with  the  religious 
body  holding  the  simple  name  of  "Christians." 

Organization  in  1888. 

Pastor,  Rev.  A.  G.  Hammond. 
Deacons,  George  P.  Andrews,  John  A.  Capen. 
Church  clerk,  George  P.  Andrews. 
Sunday-school  superintendent,  Fremont  A.  Bibber. 
Trustees,    William    Newcomb,    William   T.    Spates,   E.   S. 
Martin. 

Parish  clerk,  Thomas  M.  Bibber. 
Treasurer,  John  Higgins. 

FIRST    CONGRKGATIONAI.    (UNITARIAN)    CHURCH. 

In  a  preceding  chapter,  Mr.  Sabine  has  given  an  ace  iit 
of  the  building  of  the  first  Congregational  meeting-house. 
When  completed  and  in  accordance  with  the  original  agree- 
ment, a  vote  was  taken  to  ascertain  the  preferences  of  the 
proprietors  ;  and,  though  a  minority  wished  to  have  a  minis- 


EASTPORT   CHURCHES 


347 


ter  from  the  Andover  Theological  Seminary,  by  a  decided 
majority  it  was  voted  to  send  to  Cambridge,  and  President 
Kirkland  engaged  Andrew  Bigelow,  a  graduate  of  the  class 

of  1814,  at  the  time  em- 
ployed in  the  govern- 
ment of  the  college,  who 
had  not  yet  been  or- 
dained. He  was  son  of 
Honorable  Timothy  Big- 
elow, then  speaker  of  the 
Massachusetts  House  of 
Representatives.  Arriv- 
ing at  Eastport  in  mid- 
winter, he  preached  the 
sermon  at  the  dedication 
f  the  new  church,  Jan. 
13,    1S20,   Polder  Samuel 


FIKST    CONGRHl.ATMNAL   (I'MT AKI AN)    CHCKCH. 

Rand  assisting  in  the  other  services.     Returning  to  Boston 

a  few  weeks  later,  he  was  ordained  at  the  univ'ersity  chapel, 

!    fJsident  Kirkland  preaching  the  sermon,  and  remained  at 

stport  a  year  longer.     In  those  days,  "  the  big  meeting- 


i  H 


-     5  ■ 
f 

n 

'It: 

■yyi 
'■  i ' 


mmmmnivmmmi 


348 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


!      i 


I 

i     i 


f  I 


house,"  as  it  was  frequently  called,  was  used  quite  regularly 
for  Fourth  of  July  celebrations  and  other  public  occasions, 
its  floor  and  deep  side  galleries  giving  accommodation  for 
large  crowds.  A  bell  paid  for  by  the  town  with  some  private 
contributions  was  hung  in  its  steeple.  During  the  pastorate 
of  Rev.  Edward  H.  Edes  in  1831,  the  first  church  organ  used 
in  public  worship  in  Eastern  Maine  was  introduced  here. 
The  evening  and  social  meetings  of  the  society  were  held  at 
private  houses,  at  the  Masonic  Hall  on  Middle  Street,  or  in 

one  of  the  school-houses 
under  Trescott  Hall, 
until  the  rebuilding  of 
the  church  during  the 
pastorate  of  Rev.  Hen- 
ry F.  Edes  in  1854  and 
1855.  While  this  was 
being  done,  by  the  hos- 
pitality of  the  Washing- 
ton Street  Baptist  Soci- 
ety, the  regular  Sunday 
services  were  continued 
in  their  vestry  on  Green 
Street.  The  expense  of  the  changes  in  the  meeting-house 
was  about  the  same  as  the  original  cost  of  the  building.  The 
high  pulpit  and  side  galleries  were  removed,  the  floor  raised, 
and  space  gained  for  vestry  and  other  rooms  beneath.  Sev- 
eral years  later,  a  convenient  parsonage  was  built  on  the 
adjacent  lot,  once  the  parade  ground  of  the  Light  Infantry 
and  a  favorite  place  for  games  of  ball. 

A  recent  bequest  of  the  late  Partmon  Houghton,  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  Standing  Committee  and  superin- 
tendent of  the  Sunday-school,  gives  the  parish  the  sum  of 
$2,000,  the  income  to  be  devoted  to  keeping  in  repair  and 
ornamenting  the  house  and  grounds. 


UNITARIAN    PARSONAOE. 


EASTPORT   CHURCHES 


Ormnization  iti  1888. 


349 


Pastor,  Rev.  H.  D.  Catlin. 

Standing  Committee,  George  F.  Wadsworth,  Edward  E. 
Shead,  Noel  B.  Nutt,  Mrs.  William  S.  Hume,  Miss  Anna  A. 
Noyes. 

Clerk,  George  F.  Wadswortii. 

Treasurer,  Henry  Whelpley. 

Sunday-school  superintendent,  Rev.  H.  D.  Catlin. 


CENTRAL   CONGREGATIONAL   CHURCH. 

In  the  winter  of  1819,  Rev.  Mighill  Blood,  of  Bucksport, 
employed  by  a  Massachusetts  missionary  society,  came 
through  to  Eastport,  and  on  the  8th  of  February  instituted 
a  church  consisting  of  five  persons,  Ezekiel  Prince,  Samuel 
Starboard,  Samuel  Whitcomb,  Jane  N.  Weston,  and  Sarah 
S.  Whitney.  The  first  Congregational  meeting-house  was 
then  in  process  of  construction  ;  and  it  was  the  expectation 
of  the  members  of  the  newly  formed  church  that  it  would  be 
connected  with  the  society,  worshipping  in  the  new  meeting- 
house when  completed.  But,  when  the  time  came,  the  pro- 
prietors voted  to  send  to  Cambridge  for  a  Unitarian  min- 
ister ;  and  the  connection  was  not  made.  The  church, 
however,  kept  together,  worshipping  generally  with  the  Bap- 
tists, and,  though  the  numbers  were  reduced  by  death  and 
removal,  others  were  added  by  letter;  and  in  1825  Rev. 
Wakefield  Gale,  a  graduate  of  Andover  Theological  Semi- 
nary, who  had  been  preaching  for  a  few  Sundays  for  the 
Baptists  while  they  were  without  a  minister,  commenced 
regular  services  in  the  Old  South  School-house,  and  soon 
gathered  a  congregation  exceeding  the  capacity  of  that 
building.  On  the  iith  of  January,  1S28,  the  society  was 
organized  under  the  name  of  the  "  First  Evangelical  Congre- 
gational   Church    and    Society   of    Eastport."     It    was    then 


35° 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


I] 


decided  to  have  a  new  house  of  worship  ;  and  Ezekiel  Prince, 
Thomas  Rogers,  Nathan  Bucknam,  Benjamin  B.  Leavitt,  and 
Daniel  Low  were  chosen  a  building:  committee.     The  house- 


was  built  under  the  direction 
architect  and  builder,  and 
i8, 1829,  Mr.  Gal  ^  preaching 
This  was  the  first  church  in 
vestry  under  the  same  roof, 
one     retaining     the     then 
of   interior  finish.     Its  tall 
blown    over    in    the   great 
and    replaced    by    one    of 
ent  form.     It   has  a  clock 
town.     On   account  of  the 
name  originally  adopted,  it 
1830  by  act  of    the    State 
the  "Central  Congregational 
port."    The  first 
deacons  chosen 
were     Ezekiel 
Prince  and  Lib- 
be  us     Bailey. 
Deacon     i'rince 
may  be  said   to 
have    founded 
the  church  and 
society,  and  was 
its     ti  r  ni    a  n  d 


of  Mr.  Low  as 
dedicated  Feb. 
the  sermon, 
town  with  a 
and  is  the  only 
prevalent  style 
steeple  was 
gale  of  1S69, 
slightly  difi^er- 
paid  for  by  the 
ngth  of  the 
was  changed  in 
legislature  to 
Societvof  East- 


CENTKAL   CONGRBGAXruNAL   CHl'KCH. 


faithful  friend  to 

the  end  of  his  long  life.  He  died  July  iS,  1852,  aged  ninety- 
one  years.  His  was  a  marked  figure  in  our  streets, —  the 
last  of  the  old  school. —  clad  in  long  stockings  and  knee 
breeches.  Deacon  George  A.  Peabody  is  now  in  the  fiftietli 
year  of  his  service  in    that  capacity.     Not    long  since,  the 


EASTPORT   CHURCHES 


35' 


church  received  a  bequest  of  $2,000  from  the  estate  of  Miss 
Sarah  Leavitt,  and  earlier  in  its  history  the  sum  of  $400 
from  Mrs.  Margaret  Dawson. 

Orgiviizatum  for  18SS. 

Pastor,  Rev.  Ora  A.  Lewis. 
Deacon,  George  A.  Peabody. 

Prudential  committee,  George  A.  Peabody,  John  A.  Lowe, 
Herbert  Kilby. 

Clerk,  and  treasurer,  George  A.  Peabody. 
Superintendent  Sunday-school,  George  A.  Peabody. 


ROMAN    CAIHULIC    CHURCH. 

In  1826,  Rev.  Charles  Ffrench  came  here  to  labor  as  a 
clergyman  of  the  Roman  Catholic  faith,  and  began  to  gather 
a  society.  The  few  Catholic  churches  then  established  in 
Maine  were  connected  with  the  diocese  of  Boston,  and  the 
Setifinel  of  that  time  published  the  following  report  of  the 
first  visit  of  the  bishop  :  "  20th  July,  1827,  Bishop  Fenwick 
arrived  from  Boston  on  the  steamer  Patent,  and  was  escorted 
<in  the  same  day  by  Rev.  Mr.  French  and  several  Indians 
dressed  in  rich  costume  to  Pleasant  Point,  where  he  was 
most  graciously  received  by  that  people  amidst  their  salute 
from  their  large  cannon  and  several  discharges  of  musketry  ; 
and  on  Thursday  evening,  at  the  request  of  gentlemen  of 
Eastport,  he  delivered  in  the  Congregational  (Unitarian) 
meeting-house,  before  a  crowded  and  most  res[)cctab!e  assem- 
blage of  citizens,  an  impressive  and  most  eloquent  discourse." 
Soon  after,  steps  were  taken  for  the  erection  of  a  chapel  ; 
antl,  in  this  undertaking,  Mr,  Edward  Gilligan  was  a  most 
efficient  assistant  to  Father  Ffrench,  and  a  number  of  Prot- 
estants contributed  toward  the  funds.  The  corner-stone  was 
laid  May  3,  1828  ;  and  the  chapel  was  completed  the  follow- 
ing  year.     Later,  a  residence    was   built  for  the  priest  on 


i'  4 


I  ■    I 

:■      'I 


352 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


the  same  lot.  When  some  years  after  the  parish  had  out- 
grown the  capacity  of  their  house  of  worship,  it  was  moved 
to  another  phice  ;  and  the  present  St.  Joseph's  Church,  which 


was  dedicated 
by  Bishop 
Bacon  in 
1873,  was 
built  on  the 
same  site. 
Recently,  ex- 
tensive addi- 
tions and  al- 
terations have 
been  made  in 
the    building, 


a  larger  organ  introduced, 
and  it  was  rededicated  by 
Bishop  Healey  July  17, 
1SS8. 

Rev.  John  O'Dowd  is 
the  present  priest  in  charge 
of  the  parish,  and  Stephen 
Sherlock  superintendent  of 
the  Sunday-school. 

METHODIST    EPISCOPAL 
CHURCH. 

The  first  regular  class  of 
the    Methodist     Episcopal 


ST.    JOSEPH  S    CHIUCH.    HOMAN    rATII' II.Ii: 


Church  was  formed  in  Mastport  in  November,  1838,  by  Rev. 
William  Brown,  who  was  stationed  at  Robbinston  ;  and  the 
first  quarterly  meeting  was  held  by  Presiding  Fllder  Rev.  1). 
Copeland    the   same   year,     In    1S39,  Eastport  was  made  a 


EASTPORT   CHURCHES 


3S3 


missionary  station,  under  charge  of  Rev.  Isaiah  McMahon, 
Isaac  Bridges,  leader,  Joseph  Jlridges,  James  Luckley,  and 
John  Loveley,  stewards.  The  ]5aptist  society  having  built  a 
new  house  of  worship  on  Washington  Street,  their  meeting- 
house on  High  Street  was  first  hired  by  the  Methodists,  and 
purchased  by  them  in  1842.  While  in  their  possession,  the 
building  was  greatly  improved  by  the  addition  of  a  tower, 
and  in  other  ways.  Across  the  street  stood  the  gun-house  of 
the  Eastport  Wash-  . 
ington  Artillerv,  the  ~""~^  . 

lower  story  occupied  ^•'   •- 


•  '■'  Is  ti 

I  If 


S1 


;l.AKh:V    MF;MI)I<1,\I.    i  MUKiH,    MICTlloDI.sl     Ul'l  >H.l' \  1.. 


by  their  brass  cannon  and  other  equipments,  with  drill  hall 
above.  This  buildin^';  the  Methodists  converted  to  peaceful 
uses,  moving  it  across  alongside  of  the  church,  and  adajiting 
ir  to  vestry  and  parsonage  purposes. 

By  the  generosity  of  Mr.  L.  C.  Blakey,  a  former  member 
of  the  parish,  who  left  a  bequest  larger  than  has  e\-er  been 
received  by  any  other  religious  society  in  town,  it  was  enabled 
to  undertake  the  building  of  a  new  church  edifice,  which  was 
completed  in  i8S  (,  and  bears  the  name  of  the  Blakey  Memo- 


i 


i!?' 


( 't 


hj 


354 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


rial    Methodist    Episcopal   Church.     The  society  also  owns 
a  parsonage. 

Organization  for  1888. 

Pastor,  Rev.  M.  G.  Prescott. 

Stewards,  A.  Flagg,  E.  J,  Farris,  G.  F.  Raye,  S.  O. 
Bridges,  Joseph  Farris,  G.  Stevenson,  Robert  Spear,  A.  K. 
McLeod,  George  Farris. 

Trustees,  M.  Thompson,  R.  Flagg,  J-  Farris,  G.  F.  Raye, 
R.  Spear,  Henry  Farris,  William  Irving,  Amos  Boyd,  A.  K. 
McLeod. 

Recording  steward,  R.  Flagg. 

District  steward,  A.  K.  McLeod. 

Superintendent  Sunday-school,  R.  Flagg. 


iM 


\i 


PROTESTANT    EPISCOl'AL   CHURCH. 

During  the  British  occupation,  regular  services  were  con- 
ducted by  the  chaplain  of  the  post  according  to  the  forms  of 
the  Church  of  England  ;  and,  in  later  years,  visiting  clergy- 
men of  the  American  Episcopal  Church  occasionally  held  ser- 
vices in  the  houses  of  \vorship  of  some  of  the  other  societies 
in  town.  However,  no  attempt  was  made  to  organize  an 
Episcopal  church  here  until  1S57,  when  Rev.  William  Stone 
Chadwell  began  to  hold  services  in  the  Baptist  vestry  on 
Green  Street ;  and  on  the  4th  of  November  of  that  year 
Christ  Church  was  established,  with  Mr.  Chadwell  for  its 
first  rector,  Robert  Ker  and  Gideon  W.  Stickney,  wardens, 
and  Winslow  Bates,  D.  N.  Clark,  and  Theodore  Cary,  vestry- 
men. Steps  were  immediately  taken  toward  building  a 
church  on  Key  Street,  which  was  comj)leted  the  following 
year,  and  consecrated  by  Bishop  Burgess  on  the  loth  of 
November,  1858.  Recently  there  has  been-  added  to  the 
l^arish  equipment  a  convenient  and  fine-looking  rectory, 
which  stands  on  the  lot  adjoining  the  church. 


EASTI'URT   CHURCHES 


355 


Organization  for  iSSS. 

Rector,  Rev.  Joseph  Dinzey. 

Wardens,  W.  S.  Mildon,  A.  W.  Clark. 

Vestrymen,  S.  D.  Leavitt,  Winslow  Bates,  J.  M.  Swett, 
E.  M.  Small,  M.D.,  F:zra  Rumery,  A.  \V.  Woodman,  E.  W. 
Eogret. 

Clerk,  J.  M.  Swett. 

Treasurer,  W.  S.  Mildon. 

Sunday-school  superintendent,  Rev.  J.  Dinzey. 


r; 


CHKIST    CHURCH,    PROTUaTANT    BrlJCUl'AL. 


CHAPTER    XI. 


EASTPORT    IN    THE   WAR    OF   THE   REBELLION, 


BY    CHARLES    T.    EI. BRIDGE, 


It  is  universally  conceded  that  the  War  of  the  American 
Rebellion  was  initiated  Oct.  5,  1S60,  but  that  its  conception 
was  formed  somewhat  anterior  to  that  date.  Actual  hostil- 
ities, however,  did  not  commence  until  the  morning  of  April 
12,  1S61,  when  General  Beauregard,  who  was  in  command 
of  the  defences  in  Charleston  Harbor,  announced  to  General 
Anderson,  the  commandant  of  Fort  Sumter,  that,  unless  he 
immediately  evacuated  that  fort,  he  would  open  fire  forth- 
with. Anderson  peremptorily  declined ;  and  the  result  was 
that  at  half-past  four  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  12, 
1 86 1,  the  batteries  opened  fire,  thereby  inaugurating  the 
opening  scene  in  the  local  drama  which  culminated  in  a 
terrible  and  bloody  civil  war  of  four  years'  duration. 

The  news  of  the  attack  and  downfall  of  Sumter  was  imme- 
diately carried  by  wire  to  every  home  and  hamlet  in  the  North 
and  West ;  and,  as  a  natural  consequence,  the  patriotic  zeal  of 
the  law-abiding  American  citizen  was  aroused  to  fever  heat. 
Immediately  following  the  evacuation  of  Sumter  was  promul- 
gated (April  15)  the  proclamation  of  President  Lincoln, 
callirig  "  forth  the  militia  of  the  several  States  of  the  Union, 
to  the  aggregate  number  of  seventy-five  thousand,"  and 
appealing  "  to  all  loyal  citizens  to  favor,  facilitate,  and  aid 
this  effort  to  maintain  the  honor,  the  integrity,  and  existence 
of  the  National  Union,  and  the  perpef  'ty  of  popular  govern- 


<  ' 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR   OK     IHE    REIiELLIOX 


357 


merit,  and  to  redress  wrongs  long  enough  endured."  This 
proclamation  had  its  desired  effect.  Response  came  from 
all  over  the  land,  and  in  less  than  fortv-eight  hours  after 
its  issuance  troops  were  en  route  to  the  expected  border  of 
conflict.  The  good  old  State  which  bears  the  motto  Dirigo 
was  among  the  first  to  respond  to  the  call  for  troops.  She- 
was  only  required,  under  the  President's  call,  to  furnish  one 
regiment  of  infantry ;  but,  anticipating  the  wants  and  appre- 
hending the  eml)arrassments  under  which  the  general  gov- 
ernment would  labor  in  having  troops  for  three  months  only 
in  its  service,  the  legislature,  at  an  extra  session,  determined 
upon  furnishing  the  general  government,  at  the  shortest  time 
possible,  with  ten  regiments,  fully  armed  and  equipped,  to 
serve  under  a  three  years'  enlistment. 

As  the  space  allotted  me  in  this  chapter  is  rather  limited, 
and  will  not  permit  me  to  enter  into  any  extended  details.  I 
must  therefore  "cut  my  cloth  according  to  its  measure.'' 

THE    ARMY. 


1 


THE    riRST    MAINE    CAVALRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Nov.  5. 
1861,  for  three  years.  The  term  of  the  original  members 
expired  Nov.  4,  1S64;  but  the  organization,  composed  of 
veterans  and  recruits,  was  retained  in  service  until  Aug.  i, 
1865,  when  it  was  mustered  out.  in  accordance  with  orders 
from  the  War  Department.  Its  entire  period  of  service  was 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac ;  and  the  following  are  the  prin- 
cipal and  important  engagements  in  which  the  regiment 
participated,  and  which  are  emblazoned  in  letters  of  gold 
upon  its  battle-flags,  namely, — 

Middletown,  Winchester,  Cedar  Mountain,  Second  Bull 
Run,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Rappa- 
hannock Station,  Brandy  Station,  Aldie,  Middleburg,  Upper- 


i 


!i    1 


1 


35» 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


ville,  Gettysburg,  Shepherdstown,  Sulphur  Springs,  Mine  Run, 
Fortifications  of  Richmond,  Old  Church,  Todd's  Tavern, 
Ground  Squirrel  Church,  Hawes's  Shop,  Cold  Harbor,  Tre- 
vilian  Station,  St.  Mary's  Church,  Deep  Bottom,  Ream's  Sta- 
tion, Wyatt's  Farm,  Boydton  Road,  and  Bellefield. 

Eastport  was  very  well  represented  in  this  regiment,  and 
the  rolls  of  Co.  D  bear  evidence  to  the  fact  that  the  fo'low- 
ing  served  their  country  faithfully  and  gave  great  credit  to 
the  town  which  sent  them:  — 

George  D.  Haley,  assistant  surgeon.  Taken  prisoner  and 
paroled  at  Middletown. 
Co.  D.  Charles  H.  Smith,  captain,  Oct.  19,  1861  ;  major,  Feb.  16, 
1863;  lieutenant-colonel,  March  i,  1863;  colonel,  June 
iS,  1863.  Brevetted  brigadier-general  volunteers,  Aug. 
I,  1864,  for  distinguished  conduct  in  the  engagement 
at  St.  Mary's  Church  (wounded  June  24,  1864).  Bre- 
vetted major-general  volunteers,  March  13,  1865,  for 
highly  distinguished  and  meritorious  service.  Mus- 
tered out  Aug.  II,  1S65.  Received  brevets  of  briga- 
dier-general, U.S.A.,  March  2,  1S67,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  service  in  the  battle  of  Sailors'  Creek,  \'a., 
and  brevet  major-general,  U.S.A.,  March  2,  1S67,  for 
gallant  and  meritorious  service  during  the  war.  (Ser- 
vice after  the  war  closed  omitted.) 

A.  H.  Bibber,  first  sergeant.  Promoted  second  lieu- 
tenant, Co.  D.  Promoted  adjutant.  Promoted  cap- 
tain, Co.  F.  Promoted  assistant  adjutant-general  of 
volunteers. 

Ebed  L.  Shackford,  corporal  and  quartermaster-sergeant. 

Andrew  B.  Stetson,  farrier. 

Elijah  C.  Wilder,  saddler, 

George  P.  Andrews,  private.     Promoted  sergeant. 

Charles  H.  Bell,  Jr.,  private.  Promoted  corporal  and  ser- 
geant.    Wounded  July  16,  1863,  and  June  9,  1864. 

Loring  W.  Bell,  private. 

Leslie  B.  Gardner,  private.  Died  June  30,  1863,  at  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 


li' 


Co.  K. 


KASTl'UKT    IN     IHE    WAR    OK    THE    REHEI.LIOX 


359 


Gilbert   X.   Harris,  private.     I'romoted  corporal  and  ser- 


geant. 


James  E.  Nutt,  private. 
James  E.  Stayner,  private. 


I'romoted  first  seu'ean^  -^nd 


second  lieutenant.     Promoted  first  V.e^'i- 


\illef' 


at  Chamljer'.ain':;  Creek,  near   iJinwiddie  Court-house, 

\'a,,  .Marrh  31,  'SO4. 
James  T.  Williams,  private. 

Peter  N.  Kane,  private.     Transferred  to  signal  corps. 
John  Abrams,  private.     Promoted  corporal  and  sergeant. 

Transferred  from  First  Massachusetts  Infantry. 
William  W.  Bryant,  private. 
Charles  J.  Davis,  private. 

Alexander  Falconer,  private.     Wounded  June  24,  iS''i4. 
Joseph  Merriam,  private.     Appointed  bugler.     Wounded 

Aug.  23,   1S64. 
Jeremiah  L.  Carson,  private. 


V- 


I 
ii 

il 

;1 

111! 


1 


THE    SECOND    MAINE    CAVALRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  from  Nov. 
30,  1863,  to  Jan.  2,  1S64,  for  three  years;  mustered  out 
between  Dec.  6  and  21,  1S65.  It  had  its  service  in  the 
Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  participated  in  the  engage- 
ments at  Cherryville  Cross  Roads,  Marksville,  A\oyelles 
Prairie,  Yellow  Bayou,  La.,  Milton,  Fla.,  Spanish  Fort,  Ala. 

The  only  Eastport  boys  in  this  regiment  were  :  — 

Jacob  M.  Dean,  private,  Co.  D,  who  died  at  Thibodeau.x,  La., 
July  2,  1S64. 

James  A.  Nichols,  corporal,  Co.  U.  Promoted  sergeant.  Residence 
when  enlisted,  Calais.     Enlisted  to  fill  quota  of  Thoniaston. 

Jesse  G.  Chambers,  private,  Co.  H.  Enlisted  to  fill  quota  of  Bel- 
fast, iMe. 

COAST    GUARDS    ARIILLKRY. 

Co.  C  was  organized  in  July,  1861,  and  garrisoned  Fort 
Sullivan,  Me.     The  following  is  the  list  of  Eastport  boys  in 


360 


EASTPUKT    AND    PASSAM AQUODDV 


this  company.  Those  marked  *  were  transferred  to  the 
Eighteenth  Maine  Infantry  Aug.  4,  1S62,  and  those  marked 
t  were  mustered  out  of  service  Sept.  13,  1S62  :  — 

■"  George  W.  Sabine,  first  lieutenant, 
t  L.  L.  Potter,  second  lieutenant. 
*Gershoni  C.  iJiblier,  first  sergeant, 
t  George  P.  Potter,  sergeant. 

*  Ezra  Dean,  corporal. 
*John  W.  Prussly,  cdrporal. 

*  Hiram  F.  Swett.  corporal. 

t  Andrew  Harrington,  Jr.,  musician. 

*  James  Mooney,  musician. 

John    ISarbrick,  private.     Discharged   troni    Fort    .Sullivan.   Me., 
July  1-1.,  1862. 

*  Elias  Brewster,  private. 

t  Evan  E.  Bridges,  private. 
*l'arrion  VV.  Cook,  private. 
*Abner  S.  Farrow,  private. 
"James  Unn,  private. 

*  Edward  J.  Gilligan,  private. 

*  George  E.  Higgins,  private, 
t  Hibl)ard  Hunt,  private, 
■^(ieorge  Hunter,  private. 

t  Wilson  Lawler,  private. 
t  Benjamin  ]\Iurphy,  private. 

*  Cornelius  Xickerson.  private, 
t  Stillman  Rhodes,  private. 

*  William  J.  F.  Richter.  private. 
*John  ]'lobinson,  private. 

*  James  Sears,  private. 

*  Richard  .Sears,  private. 
"*  Hiram  Smith,  private. 

*  Robert  Smith,  private. 

t  Robert  Thompson,  private. 

*  Andrew  Tucker.  ]jrivate. 

*  John  Johnson,  Jr.,  private. 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    Ol-     IHE    KEHEI.I.IOX 


■^61 


III 

Vf^ 

3 

r  ' 

♦ 

•\\ 

THE    FIRST    RECIMENT    (JI      MAINE    HKAVV    ARIII.I.ERV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Bangor  and  Augusta,  Me.. 
Aug.  21,  1862,  for  three  years,  as  the  Eighteenth  Regiment 
of  Infantry,  changed  to  heavy  artillery,  and  designated  the 
First  Regiment,  1S62.  Two  additional  companies  were  or- 
ganized,—  one  in  Ja.nuary,  1S64,  the  other  in  February,  1S64. 
The  original  members  were  mustered  out  June  6,  1S65  ;  and 
the  organization,  composed  of  veterans  and  recruits  of  this 
regiment  and  accessions  from  the  Seventeenth  and  Nine- 
teenth Regiments  of  Maine  Infantrv.  remained  in  service 
until  Sept.  II,  1S65,  when  it  was  mustered  out  in  accordance 
with  orders  from  the  War  Department.  This  regiment  had 
its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  list  of  battles 
emblazoned  on  its  battle-flags  are  as  follows  :  — 

Fredericksburg,   Tolopotomy,   Cold    Harbor,   Petersburg. 
Deep  Bottom,  and  Boydton  Road. 

This  regiment  lost  heavily  in  the  engagements  before 
Fredericksburg  and  Petersburg,  the  aggregate  loss  in  the 
former  being  476,  in  the  latter  4G4.  In  this  regiment,  P]ast- 
port  had  a  large  representation  ;  and  all  or  nearly  all  were 
huddled  together  in  Co.  K,  while  a  few  appear  on  llie  rolls 
of  Cos.  A  and  M.  The  following  are  the  names  of  the  boys 
who  left  their  homes  to  brave  the  dangers  of  war  and  to  aid 
their  country  in  putting  an  end  to  the  terrible  civil  conflict :  — 

(leorge  W.  Sabine,  captain.  Promoted  major  and  lieutenant- 
colonel.     Fatally  wounded  June  17,  1S64;  died  May  2S,  iS'if. 

Gershom  C.  Bibber,  first  sergeant.  Promoted  second  and  first 
lieutenant.     Killed  May  19,  1864. 

John  \V.  Pressly,  sergeant.     Wounded  May  19,  1S64. 

Ezra  Dean,  sergeant.     Wounded  June  18,  1864. 

Hiram  F.  Swett,  corporal.  Promoted  sergeant,  first  sergeant,  antl 
second  lieutenant. 

Abner  S.  Farrow,  corporal.     Died  Oct.  28,  1863. 

Robert  Smith,  corporal.  Exchanged  prisoner.  Died  in  Phila- 
delphia December,  1864. 


i  'I 
) 


^62 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Wounded  June 


Edward  J.  Gilligan.  corporal. 

John  Johnson,  Jr.,  corporal.     Died  of  wounds  June  19,  1864. 

Cornelius  Nickerson,  corporal.     Wounded  May  31,  (864. 

James  Mooney,  musician. 

Andrew  Tucker,  musician. 

Elias  ^Jrewster,  private.     Wounded  June  18,  1864. 

Parrion  W.  Cook,  private.     Wounded  May  19,  1^64. 

Arthur  S.  Chickerinij;,  private. 

Timothy  Collins,  private.     Died  of  wounds  July  9.,  1864. 

James  Finn,  private. 

George  E.  Hi<,fgins,  private. 

George  Hunter,  private.     Wounded  June  iS,  1X64. 

Edward  J.    Kirnin,  private-     Promoted  corporal. 

18,  1864. 
Arch' jald  McEenzie,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 
Jacob  Henry,  private.     Promoted  serL:;eant. 
•Vlbion  K.  Tripp,  private.     Died  of  disease  Dec.  22,  1S64 
Charles  Miller,  private.     .Missing  Au;^.  26,  1.S62. 
Joseph  Moholland,  private.     Wounded  June  17,  1864. 
William  J.  F.  Richter,  private. 
John  Robinson,  private.     Wounded  June  18,  iSC)^. 
James  Sears,  private.     Died  of  woumls  Aug.  5,  1S64. 

National  Cemetery,  Alexandria,  V'a. 
Richard  Sears,  private.     Kilkid  in  action  June  i,  1S64. 
Hiram  Smith,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 
Thomas  Toohey,  private.     Wounded  June  18,  1864. 
John     T.     Ward,    private.      Promoted     corporal    and 

Wounded  June   18,  1S64.     Died  of  disease   March   10.   1865. 
Robert  H.  (iibson,  jirivate. 
John  E.  Corbett,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 
George  P.  Potter,  private.     Killed  in  action  May  20,  1864. 

Co.  A.     Andrew  Hooper,  private.     Wounded  1864. 

George  W.  Hooper,  private.     Wounded  18^14. 

Penjamin    F.    Shaw,    private.     Promoted    corporal    and 
transierred  from    Nineteenth   Infantry. 
Co.  M,     *  William  P.  Jolinson,  private. 

*  Frederick  Stanhope,  private. 

*  Edwin  Stanton,  private.     Killed  in  action  June  18,  1864. 

•  Recruits  mustero'l  into  sen'ice  by  [irovost  marshal,  i^'''3  .uul  i"*''). 


Interred  in 


sergeant. 


11 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF     IHE    REIUiLLION 


3<^3 


FIRST    nATTALION    MAINE    LICHT    ARTILLERY. 

This  organization  was  composed  of  seven  batteries,  serv- 
ing in  different  commands,  which  were  organized  for  three 
years.  In  this  battalion,  the  East[)ort  boys  are  represented 
as  having  served  in  the  first,  fifth,  and  sixth  batteries, 
and  of  these  batteries  a  brief  history  of  the  organization, 
etc.,  is  furnished,  namely  :  the  first  was  organized  at  Port- 
land, Me.,  Dec.  i8,  1861  ;  the  fifth  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Dec.  4, 
1861  ;  the  sixth  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Feb.  7,  1S62.  The  former 
was  mustered  out  July  15,  1865;  the  fifth  mustered  out 
June  17,  1865  ;  the  last,  June  31,  1865. 

The  first  battery  contained  the  names  of :  — 

Albert  W.  Bradbury,  second  lieutenant.  Promoted  first  lieuten- 
ant.    I^romoted  captain.     I'romoted  inajor. 

John  E.  Morton,  first  sergeant.  I'romoted  second  lieutenant. 
Promoted  first  lieutenant.  Killed  in  action  at  Cedar  Creek. 
\'a.,  Oct.  19,  1864. 

Edward  Cross,  private.     Promoted  quartermaster-ser;j,eant. 

Charles  D.  Henry,  private.     Died  of  disease  Jan.  1,  1.^63. 

Michael  Mooncy,  private.  Promoted  to  sergeant.  Promoted 
second  lieutenant.     Wounded  Oct.  19,  1864. 

Israel  Robinson,  private.  I'romoted  to  sergeant.  Killed  in  action 
Oct.  i[),  1S64. 

John  \'ellson,  private.     Missing  March  26,  1864. 

Isaac  N.  Chickering,  private.     I'romoted  corporal. 

\V.  H.  Balkam,  private.     Missing  Aui;.  Ii,  1864. 

Harrison  \V.  Hendrie,  private. 

John  P.  O'Connor,  i)rivate. 

Samuel  Patterson,  private. 

The  fifth  battery  contained  the  name  of  Private  George  A. 
Appleby,  missing  March  31,  1SG2.  The  sixth  battery  con- 
tained the  names  of  William  H.  Rogers,  second  lieutenant 
I'eb.  18,  1862.  Promoted  first  lieutenant  March  12,  1863. 
Promoted  captain  Jan.   i,   1865.     James  E.  Winchester,  pri- 


3(^4 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


vate.  Transferred  to  navy  April,  1S64.  George  L.  Win- 
chester, private.     Transferred  to  navy  April,    1S64. 

The  first  battery  was  in  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf  from  1862  to  1S63  inclusive,  and  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac  from  1864  to  1865  inclusive,  and  distinguished 
itself  in  engagements  at  Georgia  Landing,  Gotten,  liisland. 
Port  Hudson,  and  Gox's  Plantation,  La. 

The  fifth  served  wholly  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
participated  in  the  following  engagements  :  ChancellorsvillL-, 
Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  Spotlsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Peters- 
burg, Opequan,  Fisher's  Kill,  and  Cedar  Creek.  The  sixth 
served  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  the 
following  battles  :  Cedar  Mountain,  Second  Pull  Run.  Chan- 
tilly,  Antieiam,  Gettysburg,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsyl- 
vania.  North  Anna,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  and  Deej? 
Pottom. 

FIRST    i'.ATTALION   OF    SHARPSHOOTERS. 

This  battalion  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  from  Oct.  27. 
1S64,  to  Dec.  29,  1S64,  for  one  and  three  years.  It  was 
consolidated  with  the  Twentieth  Regiment  Mainu  Wjlun- 
teers  June  21,   1S65. 

I'^astport  had  a  representative  in  Co.  E  of  this  battalion, 
namely,  Alexander  Stinson,  cor'^oral,  transferred  to  Twen- 
tieth  Re^riment  ]\Iaine  Volunteers. 


FIRST    VETERAN    REtllMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  Sept.  20,  1S64,  !jy  consolida- 
tion of  the  veterans  and  recruits  of  the  Fifth,  Sixth,  and 
Seventh  Reg  'ucnts  Maine  Volunteers,  and  mustered  out  of 
service  June  28,  1865.  It  had  its  service  whoUv  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  list  of  engagements  in  which  it 
bore  an  honorable  part  is  as  follows:  Pull  Run,  \'orktown, 
Williamsburg,  West    Point.  Gaines's    Mill,   Savage    Staii(jn, 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


365 


White  Oak  Swamp,  Malvern  Hill,  Crampton's  Gap,  Antie- 
tam,  Marye's  Heights,  Salem  Heights,  Gettysburg,  Rai)pa- 
hannock  Station,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor, 
Petersburg,  Fort  Stevens,  Opequan,  Fisher's  Hill,  and  Cedar 
Creek, 

With  but  few  exceptions,  which  will  hereafter  appear,  Co. 
D  of  this  regiment  bears  the  names  of  the  Eastport  boys 
who  formerly  did  service  in  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine,  and  wlio 
continued  the  good  work  in  the  First  Veterans  which  they 
commenced  and  performed  throughout  their  entire  service  in 
Co.  K  of  the  "Old  Fighting  Sixth."  The  list  is  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

Daniel  ^Vpt,  Jr.,  private  from  Co.  K,  .Sixth  Maine. 

barney  Cassidy,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine.      Missing  Auijj. 

6,  1864. 
Patrick  Dugan,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine.     Missing. 
George  P.  Davis,  private  from  Co.  K,  .Sixth  Maine. 
Joseph  H.  Demott,  sergeant  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine. 
Henry  Hudson,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine. 
Thomas  C.  Jones,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine. 
Wellington  Logan,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine. 
Richard  Magee,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixtii  Maine. 
Andrew  Mathews,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  .Maine. 
Andrew  J.  Potter,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine. 
Robert  R.  P.  Potter,  ])rivate  from  Co.  K,  Sixtii  .Maine. 
Dt-'iinis  ( )uinn,  Jr.,  private  from  Co.  K,  Sixth  .Maine. 
Joseph  Ramsdell,  jirivate  fnmi  Co.  K.  Sixth  Maine. 
Frederick  Tucker,  private  from  Co.    K,  Sixth   .M 


imc 


'romoied 


se'-geant-major  Seventh  Regimen 


John  !!.  Wait],  second  lieutenant.     Promoted  tirst  lieiilt.'iiaiit,  Co.  ti. 
Joseph  Wheli)ley,  sergeant.     Promoted  secontl  lieutenant.     Died 

of    wounds   March    25,    1.S65.     Buried    near    I'atrick    Station, 

Petersburg,  V'a. 
Charles  T.  Witherell,  captain  Aug.  .11,  1S64;  firevet-majoi    vohui- 

teers  Oct.  19,    1864,    for   gallant   conduct   durnig   the    whole 

campaign  before  Richmond,  and  especially  in  the  i)attlcs  ol 


bhi 


!  J 


366 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill,  and  Cedar  Creek,  \'a.  Mustered 
out  June  28,  1S65.  Received  l)revets  of  cai'tain,  U.S.A., 
.March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Marye's  Heights,  \'a.,  and  brevet-major,  U.S.A.,  March 
2,  1867,  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service  i-i  the  battle  of 
Rappahannock  Station,  Va.  Was  wounded  at  Spottsylv^inia 
Court-house,  at  Petersburg,  and  twice  at  Rappahannock  Sta- 
tion.    (Service  after  the  war  closed  omitted.) 

Stephen  Canfield,  private  from  Co.  K,  .Sixth  Maine. 

Sidney  Hunter,  private,  represented  Co.  A,  having  been  trans- 
feired  from  Co.  H,  Fifth  Maine. 

John  McGregor,  sergeant,  and  William  Marshall,  private  and  cor- 
poral, represented  Co.  K,  having  been  transferred  from  Co. 
G,  Si.xth  Maine. 

John  B.  Waid,  represented  Co.  G  as  first  lieutenant,  having  been 
transferred  as  second  lieutenant  from  Co.  D. 

Alexander  Humes,  ])rivate  (wounded  March  25,  1865),  repres-  nted 
Co.  F,  and  Matthew  Thompson,  private,  represented  Co.  K. 
Missing. 

John  M.  Gookin,  private,  represented  Co.  li.  Transferred  fiom 
Co.  B,  Seventh  Maine  Volunteers.  Subsequently  transferred 
to  the  navy. 

THE    FIRST    liAlTALIOX    OK    MAhVF.    !\I  AXrR\'. 

This  battalion,  composed  of  four  companies,  was  organ- 
ized at  Augusta  and  Portland,  Me.,  in  February  and  March, 

1865,  to  serve   three   years.     It  was  mustered  out  April  5. 

1866.  Its  period  of  service  was  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
and  the  Department  of  the  South.  No  battles  are  reported. 
In  Co.  A  of  this  battalion  are  found  the  names  of  the  follow- 
ing Eastport  boys :  — 

Calvin  S.  Brown,  captain.     Promoted  lieutenant-ci^ilonel. 
Sylvester  L.  Brown,  second  lieutenant.     Promoted  first  lieutenant. 
J.  De  Wolfe  Andrews,  private. 
Demetrius  A.  Blanch,  private. 

William  C.  Corbett,  private.  Promoted  corporal.  Murdered 
Oct.  9,  1865. 


!m 


I  :i  It 


EASTPORT    IN     JHE    WAR    01     THE    REBEIIION 


3(^7 


William  V.  Conk,  private.     I'romoted  sergeant  aiul  second  lieu- 
tenant. 

I'atrick  W.  Cunningham,  private. 

Samuel  VV.  Eye,  private. 

Henry  A.  Eye,  private. 

Robert  Green,  private. 

Edwin  F.  Gardner,  private. 

Charles  W.  Lewis,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 

Elias  S.  Lane,  private. 

James  A.  Morrison,  private. 

Edward  McNeill,  private, 

Peter  Martin,  private. 

John  O'Grady,  Jr.,  private.      Promoted  corporal.     Promoted  ser- 
geant. 

Charles  vS.  Patterson,  private. 

John  S.  Patterson,  private. 

Norman  Patterson,  private.     Promoted  corporal  and  sergeant. 

Fergus  I 'otter,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 

Charles  O.  Ouinby,  private.     Promoted  sergeant. 

I'lcnjamin  P.  Ricker,  private. 

James  Koop,  jirivate.     Died  July  7,  1865. 

(ieorge  M.  Ross,  private. 

James  E.  Searles,  private. 

James  W.  Spear,  private. 

Asa  Ward,  private. 

Samuel  W.  Wood,  i)rivate. 
geanl. 

James  1>.  Lewis,  private. 


Promoted  cori)oral.      Promoted  ser- 


rdered 


in  Co.  C,  Clc'orgc  'I'iioinpson,  pri\ale.  is  enrolled;  and,  in 
Co.  D,  Robert  Mci-llroy,  private,  Robert  'I'honipson,  private, 
and  Lorcn/o  \ose,  private  (promoted  corporal),  are  enrolled 

THE    SECOND    KKCIMENT   OF    M.MNE    INPANrin'. 

Tills  regiment  was  organized  at  IJangor,  and  mustered  into 
the  United  States  service  at  Willet's  I'oint,  N.N'..  May  2S 
1S61,  to  serve  two  and  three  years;   performed  duty  in  the 


368 


KASTPORT    AND    PASSAMA(  lUODDV 


Army  of  the  l'otoin:ir.  1 1  look  ;i  prominent  p:irt  in  the 
battle  of  iJull  Kiin,  the  cngngemcnt  ;it  Hanover  Court- 
house, the  battles  of  Malvern  Hill,  Manassas,  Antietam, 
and  Fredericksburg.  The  two  years'  men  were  mustered 
out  of  service  June  9,  1863;  and  the  remaining  men  were 
transferred  to  the  Twentieth  Maine  \'olunteers. 

The  only  names  of  J^astporters  appearing  in  this  regiment 
are  enrolled  in  Co.  A,  namely  :  — 

William].  Canday,  private.  Prison  paroled  Sept.  3.  \^f^2.  Trans- 
ferred to  Twentieth  Maine  Volunteers  .May  20,  1863. 

William  F.  Gould,  private.  Transferred  to  Twentieth  Maine 
Volunteers   May  20,   1863,  Co,   15,   musician. 


THK     I'HIKD    RE('.IMi:XT    OK    MAIXK    IXFAXrRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  June  4, 
1 86 1,  for  three  years.  The  original  members  were  mustered 
out  June  28,  1864,  and  the  recruits  transferred  to  the  Seven- 
teenth Maine.  This  regiment  had  its  entire  service  in  the 
Arm\  of  the  Potomac,  and  distinguished  itself  in  the  battle 
of  Dull  Run,  Siege  of  Vorktown,  battle  of  Williamsburg, 
Seven  Fines,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Malvern  Hill.  lUill  Run, 
Chantilly,  Monocacy,  I'redericksburg,  Wilderness,  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Gettysburg,  Feach  (Orchard,  Kelly's  Ford,  Orange 
drove.  Mine  Run,  Spottsylvania,  and  Cold  Harbor. 

William  S.  Fine,  private,  is  the  only  F.astport  boy  enrolled 
in  this  regiment;  and  his  service  was  with  Co.  K.  He  was 
discharged  .\pril  15,  1864,  to  enter  the  United  States  Xavy. 


ill 


THE    I'DCRril    RK(;iNrKNr    OF    I.\FA\TRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Rockland,  Me.,  June  15, 
1861,  to  serve  three  years.  'Fhe  oiiginal  members  (except 
veterans)  were  mustered  out  of  service  July  19,  1S64,  and 
the    veterans    and     recruiis    transferred    to    the    Nineteentli 


EASTPORT    IN     IHE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


569 


Maine  Volunteers.  This  regiment  had  its  entire  period  of 
service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  the 
following  engagements  :  Bull  Run,  Siege  of  Yorktown,  Chan- 
tilly,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Wapping  Heights, 
Kelly's  Ford,  Torbet's  Tavern,  and  Wilderness. 

John  Maguire,  private,  is  the  only  Eastport  name  enrolled 
in  this  regiment;  and  his  service  was  with  Co.  1.  He  was 
transferred  to  the  navy  April  26,  1S64. 

lUE    FIFTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Portland,  Me.,  June  24, 
1S61,  for  three  years.  The  original  members  (e.xcept  vet- 
erans) were  mustered  out  of  service  July  27,  1S64,  and  the 
veterans  and  recruits  transferred  to  the  Si.xth  Maine  battal- 
ion. This  regiment  performed  duty  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  It  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Bull  Run,  West 
Point,  Gaines's  Mill,  Crampton's  Pass,  Antietam,  ("hancel- 
lorsville,  Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  .'^potts^lvania,  Cold  Har- 
bor, and  Petersburg. 

,The  only  Eastport  names  enrolled  in  this  regiment  are 
those  of  Nathaniel  Daggett,  private,  Co.  B,  discharged  in 
1863,  on  Western  gunboat  service.  Charles  K.  Sherwood, 
private,  promoted  first  sergeant,  Co.  F,  and  Edwin  J.  Sevvall, 
private,  and  Sidney  Hunter,  private,  Co.  H.  The  latter 
was  transferred  to  the  I-'irst  Maine  Veteran  Infantrv. 


THE    SIXI'H    RECIMENr. 

The  gallant  Sixth  Maine,  or  more  widely  known  through- 
out the  Army  of  the  Potomac  as  the  "'Fighting  Sixth,''  con 
tained  some  of  the  l)est  tigliting  material  it  was  pf-v^ible  for 
a  regiment  to  contain,  and  was  one  of  the  best  thai  ever  left 
the  State  in  defence  of  the  general  government.  This  regi- 
ment was  organized  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  State,  one 
battalion  having  formed  at  Bangor,  the  other  at  Fort  Sulli- 


I-.] 


370 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


van,  East])ort,  Me.  This  latter  battalion  was  under  the 
charge  of  Major  Aaron  Hayden.  In  it  was  incorporated 
Co.  K,  the  Eastport  company,  under  the  gallant  and  fear- 
less leader  Captain  Theodore  Cary.  These  battalions  were 
united  at  Portland  on  tlie  15th  of  July,  and  on  the  17th  the 
regiment  left  for  the  seat  of  war.  The  original  members 
(except  veterans)  were  mustered  out  of  service  Aug.  15, 
1864,  and  the  veterans  and  recruits  transferred  to  the 
Seventh  Maine  Volunteers.  This  regiment  had  its  service 
wholly  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  Among  the  many 
prominent  engagements  in  which  it  participated  and  dis- 
tinguished itself  may  be  mentioned  Siege  of  Yorktown,  bat- 
tle of  Lee's  Mills,  Williamsburg,  Garnet's  Farm,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock 
Station,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  and  Petersburg. 

In  the  battle  of  Chancellorsville,  it  lost  128  officers  and 
men  in  killed  and  wounded.  In  the  capture  of  the  enemy's 
works  at  Rappahannock  Station,  it  lost  16  officers  and  123 
enlisted  men,  killed  and  wounded.  At  Spottsylvania,  it  lost 
125  men  in  killed,  wounded,  and  missing;  and  on  the  12th 
of  May,  1864,  the  regiment,  numbering  in  ali  70  men,  was 
under  fire  eight  hours,  and  lost  16  officers  and  men,  killed 
and  wounded.  The  regiment  participated  in  long  and 
fatiguing  marches  of  the  Pennsylvania  campaign,  and  was 
present  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  though  not  actively  en- 
gaged with  the  enemy. 

Eastport  was  represented  in  three  companies  of  this  regi- 
ment;  namely,  Cos.  F.  G.  and  K.  William  O.  Henry,  pri- 
vate, was  on  the  roll  of  Co.  F.  Died  iJec.  6,  1S63.  John 
McGregor,  sergeant,  transferred  to  Co.  E,  First  Maine  Vol- 
unteers ;  John  (iriftin,  private;  Charles  W.  McGregor,  pri- 
vate ;  and  William  Marsiiall,  private  (promoted  corporal),  on 
the  roll  of  Co.  G.  Griffin  was  transferred  to  the  navy  April 
10,  1864,  and  Marshall  transferred  to  Co.  E,  First  ]\Iaine  Vet- 
erans. 


'ill 

m 


EASTPORT    IX     THK    WAR    OV     THK    KKBELLIOX 


371 


Tl 

fl  fM  ] 

[51  ! 

ii 

i  ii 

li  1 

'  li  II 

If 

i  n'll 

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5^i| 

!♦  1 

< 

;  1 

Co.  K  contained  the  following  Eastport  boys  :  — 

Theodore  Cary,  captain.     Resigned  Feb.  12.  1863. 

Thomas  P.  Roach,  fir.st  lieutenant.  Prcjmoted  captain.  Wounded 
May  3,  1S63.     Died  May  28,  1863. 

Charles  Day,  second  lieutenant.     Resigned  March  i.  1862. 

John  B.  Waid,  first  .sergeant.  Promoted  second  lieutenant. 
Wounded  Sei)tember,  1862.  Promoted  first  lieutenant,  Co.  G. 
First  Maine  Veteran  Infantry.  Commissioned  captain,  Co.  G, 
First  Maine  Veteran  Infantry,  .March  25,  18^15. 

George  H.  Patterson,  sergeant.  Discharged  lor  disability  Sept. 
3',  1862. 

Charles  T.  Withered,  sergeant  May  7,  1S61.  Discharged  March 
10,  1S62.  Appointed  second  lieutenant  .March  10,  1S62.  Pro- 
moted first  lieutenant  Feb.  12,  1S63.  Promoted  captain  Aug. 
13,  1863.  Transferred  to  Co.  D,  Seventh  Maine,  August, 
i8'')4.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  \'eterans  Sept.  17,  1S64. 
Wounded  at  Rappahannock  Station,  \'a.,  Nov.  7,  1863. 

Sanuiel  H.  Wheeler,  sergeant. 

George  W.  Corbett,  corporal. 
7,  1863. 

Francis  E.  Saliine,  corporal.     Missing  Jan.  14.  1S63. 

Robert    H.    Gibson,    corporal.      Disciiarged    for    disability    Dec. 


Left  service  in   1863. 
Promoted  sergeant. 


K'llcd  Nov. 


10,    l8'')2. 


Discharged 


Harrison  Huckings,  corporal.     E.xchanged  prisoner 

for  disability  March  7,  1S62. 
Joseph  Wlielpley,  corporal.    Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veterans. 
James  Hutchinson,  corporal.     Discharged  for  disability  Nov.  28, 

1.S62.     Mustered  in  again  Jan.  27,  1.^64. 
Frederick  Tucker,  musician.     Transferred    to    First   .^Iaine    \et- 

erans. 
George  Anderson,  private.     Promoted  corporal. 
Daniel  Apt,  Jr.,  private.     Transferred  to  F'irst  .Maine  \'eterans. 
Daniel  Andrews,  private.     Discharged  for  disal)ility  June  30,  1SG2. 
George  .\.  Archer,  private.     Missing  Oct.  10.  1861. 
vV'illiam  H.  H.  Bates,  private.     Promoted  quartermaster  sergeant. 

Discharged  for  disability  March  30,  1864. 
liarney    Cassidy,   private.     Transterred    to    First   .Maine  Veteran 

Volunteers. 


372 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


m 


Joseph  H.  Demott,  private.  Promoted  corporal.  Promoted  ser- 
geant.    Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veterans. 

Patrick  Dugan,  private.  Wounded  \ov.  7,  1^63.  Transferred  to 
First  Maine  Veterans. 

George  S.  Dunn,  private.  Discharged  Nov.  i''i,  iSr)3.  Trans- 
ferred to  Western  Flotilla. 

John  A.  Gray,  private.  Promoted  to  corporal  and  to  color-ser- 
geant.    Killed  Nov.  7,  1S63. 

Jacob  .S.  Hinkley,  private. 

Henry  Hudson,  private.  Transferred  to  Co.  D,  First  Maine  Vet- 
eran \'()lunteers. 

Charles  Hammond,  private.     Killed  Xov.  7,  1S63. 

I'.mile  Hanniman,  private.  Wounded  Nov.  7,  1S63;  died  Nov.  12, 
1S63.     15uried  at  Military  Asylum. 

Lorenzo  .S.  Kimball,  private.  Discharged  for  disability  Dec.  23, 
1 862. 

Wellington  Logan,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veteran 
\'olunteers. 

William  McHance,  private.     Missing  June  30,  1S63. 

Hugh  Mangum.  jirivate.  Wounded  .May  3,  1863.  Transferred  to 
the  navy  April  14,  1S64. 

Richard  Magee,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  \'eteran 
Volunteers. 

Andrew  Matthews,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veteran 
\'olunteers. 

Jeremiah   K.  Pike,  private. 

Andrew  J.  Potter,  private.     Transferred  to  First  Maine  \'eterans. 

Robert  R.  I'.  Potter,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  Vet- 
erans. 

Fergus  Potter,  jirivate.     Wounded  Nov.  7,  1S63. 

Robert  F.  Parker,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veteran 
Infantry.     Transferred  to  Invalid  Corps. 

Dennis  <)uinn,  Jr.,  private.  Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veteran 
Volunteers. 

Joseph  Ramsdell,  private.  Transferred  to  First  .Maine  \'eteran 
Volunteers. 

John  W.  Renshaw.  private.  Discharged  for  disability  March  1. 
1802. 


EASTPORT  IN  THK  WAR  OF  IHK  K  Kl'.EM.K  iX 


373 


William    Stinson,    private.     Detached  to    Mott's     liatterv    iSri2, 

.Missing  in  action  May   lo,   1.S64. 
All)ert  P.  Cottln.  private.     Died  at  Alexandria.  \'a.,  April  4,  1862. 
Edward  J.  Short,  private.     Discharged  for  disability  Dec.  7,  1862. 

.■\histered  in  again  Jan.   27,   1864.     Transferred    to  the   navy 

June  25,  1864. 
Oilman  A.  Swett,    private.     Promoted   corporal.     Killed    .May  3. 

1863. 
Thomas  Sharkey,  private.      Promoted  corporal.     Killed   Xov.   7. 

KSG3. 
Hugh  Thompson,  private.     Wounded   May  3,  18^3.     Discharged 

for  disability  May  14,  1864. 
Stephen  Canfield,  private.     Transferred  to  First  Maine  Veterans. 
Joseph  Coad,  private.     Discharged  for  disability  Dec.  23,  \SCii. 
Richard  Walsh,  private.     Promoted  corporal.     Wounded   .May  3, 

1S63. 
Joseph  Williamson,  private. 


"■ 


leteran 
leteran 
[eleran 
rch  I, 


THE    SEVENTH    REGIMEXT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Aug.  21, 
1861,  to  serve  three  years.  On  the  e.xpiration  of  term  of 
service,  the  original  members  (e.xcept  veterans)  were  mus- 
tered out,  and  the  veterans  and  recruits  consolidated  with 
the  Fifth  and  Sixth  Regiments  to  form  the  First  Veteran 
Infantry,  September,   1864. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Williamsburg,  Mechanics- 
ville,  Fair  Oaks,  Savage  Station,  White  Oak  Swamf),  Mal- 
vern Hill,  South  Mountain,  Antietam.  Fredericksburg,  Chan- 
cellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock  Station,  Mine  Run, 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Cold  Harbor,  Wcldon  Railroad, 
and  Fort  Stevens. 

Co.  B.     John   M.  Gookin.  private.      Transferred  to  Co.  1],  Fir.st 

Maine  Veterans. 
Co.  C.     John    Ci.  Lambert,  private.      Transferred  lo  the    regular 

army  Jan.  27,   1S63. 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y    14580 

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374  EASTPOfiT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 

Co.  D.     James  Smith,  private.     Promoted  sergeant.     Reduced  to 

ranks.     I'romoted  to  sergeant  for  good  conduct  at  An- 

tietam    Sept.  17,  1^62.     Transferred   to   regular  army 

Jan.  26,  iiS63. 

Charles   T.    Witherell,   captain.      Transferred    to    First 

Maine  Veterans. 
John  15.  Waid,  second  lieutenant.     Transferred  to  First 
Maine  Veterans. 

Co.  F.     Alexander  Humes,  private.     Transferred  to  Co.  F,  First 
Maine  \'eterans.     Wounded  March  25,  1S65. 

THE    NINTH    REGIMENT, 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Sept.  22, 
186 1,  to  serve  three  years.  The  original  members  (except 
veterans)  were  mustered  out  of  service  Sept.  27,  1864, 
and  the  regiment,  composed  of  veterans  and  recruits,  re- 
tained in  service  until  July  13,  1865,  when  it  was  mustered 
out  of  service. 

This  '■ogiment  had  its  service  in  the  Departments  of  the 
South  and  Virginia,  and  was  engaged  in  the  capture  of  Port 
Royal,  Fernandina,  and  Morris  Islnnd,  in  several  assaults  on 
Fort  Wagner  (in  which  over  three  hundred  men  were  killed, 
wounded,  and  missing),  engaged  the  enemy  at  Walthall  Junc- 
tion, Drury's  Bluff,  Bermuda  Hundred,  Cold  Harbor,  Peters- 
burg, Deep  Bottom,  Forts  Harrison  and  Gilmore,  Chapin's 
Farm,  Derbytown  Road,  and  P'ort  Fisher,  N.C. 

Quite  a  number  of  Fastport  boys  are  found  in  this  regi- 
ment, namely :  — 

Sabine  Emery.  Appointed  captain,  Co.  A,  Sept.  21,  1862. 
Promoted  major  Sept.  23,  i,S62.  Promoted  lieutenant- 
colonel.  Promoted  colonel.  Wounded  at  For^  Wagner 
July  18,  1863.     Resigned  May  25,  1S64. 

(ieorge  Ihirton  Dyer.  Commissioned  major  Oct.  4,  1864. 
Brevettcd  lieutenant-colonel  and  c^-lonel  ^^a^ch  13, 
1865,  "  for  gallant  and  meritorious  conduct  during  the 


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EASXrORT    IN    THK    WAR    OF    THE    REliEl.I.IOX 


375 


war.'*  Detailed  acting  assistant  quartermaster,  First 
l^rigade,  Tenth  Army  Corjjs,  Aug.  19,  1.S63:  acting 
aide-de-camp,  Tliird  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Tenth 
Army  Corps,  July  i,  1864;  acting  assistant  adjutant- 
general,  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Tenth  Army 
Corps,  Sept.  6,  1S64;  acting  assistant  inspector-gen- 
eral. Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Tenth  Army 
Corps,  Sept.  11,  1864.  Assigned  to  command  redoubt 
on  the  front  of  Third  Brigade,  Second  Division,  Tenth 
Army  Corps,  Oct.  21,  1864.  Assigned  to  command 
First  Provisional  Battalion  of  Provisional  Brigade, 
Third  Division,  Twenty-fourth  Army  Corps,  Jan.  3. 
1865.  Provost  marshal,  city  of  Raleigh,  N.C.,  April 
30,  1865.  Discharged  the  service  July  13,  1865.  (For 
prior  ;  "r-'ce,  see  Co.  B.) 
Co.  A.  Frederici  A  ..;  vy.  Appointed  second  lieutenant  Sept. 
22,  1861.  i  ro  noted  first  lieutenant  Sept.  23,  1862. 
Resigned  Oct.  27,  1862. 

Henry  Hopkins,  private. 

Robert  S.  Tripp,  private.     Missing. 

Aaron   Morang,   private.     Promoted   corporal    and    ser- 
geant.    Prisoner  Aug.  16,  1864. 
Co,  B.     John  Le  B.  Andrews,  private. 

Charles  W.  Bibber,  private.  Transferred  to  Co.  F, 
Tenth  \'eteran  Reserve  Corps. 

George  H.  Bibber,  private.  Promoted  quartermaster 
sergeant. 

Josiah  N.  Coffin,  private.  Transferred  to  Co.  F  as  sec- 
ond lieutenant  Dec.  30,  1862.     Kesigned  April  18,  iSOj. 

Daniel  I'.  Cofiin,  private.     Wounded  May  16,  1864. 

Corneliv.s  Coveny,  private. 

George  Burton  Dyer,  private,  Sept.  10,  1862.  I'romoted 
first  sergeant  Ai>ril  25,  1863.  Promoted  second  lieu- 
tenant June  23,  1863.  Promoted  cai)tain  Aug.  22,  1864. 
(Subse(|uent  service  in  the  line.) 

William  B.  Grovcr,  private.  Discharged  lor  promotion 
in  medical  department. 

Charles  II.  Hardy,  i)rivate.     Wounded  June  30,  i8ri4. 

Frederick  Paine,  private.     Wounded  May  16,  1864. 


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376  EASTPOKT   A\n    PASSAM AQUODDV 

Co.  H.     Charles  E.  Harris,  private.     Transferred  to  Co.  F,  Tenth 
Veteran  Reserve  Corps. 

James  H.  Camplin,  private. 

William  Hatch,  private.     Died  of  disease  July  i,  1863. 

George  W.  Stevens,  private. 

W.  S.  Guptill,  private. 

Richard  C.  Wallis,  private. 

James  Whalen,  private. 

M.  Henry  Woodbury,  private. 

George  W.  Woodward,  private.     Died  of  disease   April 
4.  1S65. 

Henry  H.  Wadsworth.  Promoted  sergeant-major.  Com- 
missioned second  lieutenant,  Co.  H,  Oct.  26,  1.S64.  Pro- 
moted first  lieutenant,  Co.  G,  Jan.  4,  1S65.  Transferred 
from  first  lieutenant,  Co.  G,  and  promoted  adjutant. 
DischarLjed  as  adjutant  on  account  of  disability  from 
wounds  received  in  action. 
Co.  K.     Frank  Baker,  i^rivate.     Transferred  to  Co.  E.     Promoted 

commissary  sergeant  1S65. 
Co.  I.      Morgan  Hogan,  private. 

Michael  Myiies,  private. 
Co.  G.     Edward  Johnston,  musician. 

THE   TENTH    IN'IANTRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Cape  EIizal:)eth,  Me.,  in 
October,  1S61,  to  serve  two  and  three  years.  The  two 
years'  men  were  mustered  out  of  service  May  7  and  S,  1S63, 
and  the  remaining  men  consolidated  into  a  battalion,  which 
was  transferred  to  the  'I'wenty-ninth  Maine  Volunteers  Nov. 
I,  1863. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  joined  in  the  retreat  of  General  Banks's  forces  to  Will- 
iamsport,  Md.,  particiiiated  in  the  battle  of  Cedar  Mountain, 
where  it  lost  heavily,  and  took  i)art  in  the  battle  of  Antietam. 

The  only  Eastport  names  found  on  the  rolls  are  those  of 
Josepii   lierwin,  private,  in  Co.  A,  who  was  afterward  trans- 


EASTPORT    IN   THE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


377 


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ferred  to  Co.  H,  Twenty-ninth  Maine  Volunteers,  and  Henry 
A.  Burnham,  sergeant,  Co.  C. 

THE    ELEVENTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  in  Novem- 
ber, 1861,  to  serve  three  years.  On  the  expiration  of  its 
term  of  service,  the  original  members  (except  veterans)  were 
mustered  out,  and  the  organization,  composed  of  veterans 
and  recruits,  mustered  out  Feb.  2,  1S66. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
South  and  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  It  was  engaged  at 
Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  Seven  Pines,  White  Oak  Swamp, 
Port  Walthall  Junction,  Chester  Station,  Bermuda  Hundred, 
New  IMarket,  Petersburg,  Derbytown  Road,  Hatcher's  Run, 
and  in  the  assault  on  I'orts  Gregg  and  Baldwin,  and  in  the 
engagement  at  Clover  Hill. 

Among  the  Eastport  boys  enrolled  in  this  regiment  are  :  — 

James  Stinson,  private. 

Robert  Mathews,  private,  Co.  D.     Wounded  April  2,  1865. 

Thomas  T.  Taber,  private,  Co.  F.  Transferred  to  Co.  B  Nov.  7. 
1S61.  Transferred  to  Co.  G  Oct.  i,  1S62.  Promoted  ser- 
geant Jan.  I,  1865.     Wounded  April  <),  1N65. 

Nathaniel  Hooper,  private,  Co.  (i.  Transferred  from  Co.  15. 
Wounded  in  action  May  15,  1864.  Promoted  corporal  July 
30.  1^64. 

THE   TWKI.ITH    UECIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Cape  Elizabeth,  Me.,  Nov. 
16,  1861,  to  serve  three  years.  The  original  members  (ex- 
cept veterans)  were  mustered  out  Dec.  7,  i^Gj^,  and  the  vet- 
erans and  recruits  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  four  com- 
panies, and  retained  in  service.  Six  new  com])aniLS  were 
organized  at  Portland,  Me.,  in  February  and  March,  1865, 
to  serve  one,  two,  and  three  years,  and  assigned  to  this 
organization,  and  mustered  out  of  service  April  iS,  1S66. 


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378 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUGDDY 


This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  Department  of  the  South, 
and  participated  in  the  expedition  to  Manchac  Pass,  Port 
Hudson,  Donaldsonville,  Irish  Bend,  La.,  Winchester  and 
Cedar  Creek,  Va. 

In  Co.  B  of  this  regiment  were  enrolled  :  — 

John  Enrii^ht,  private.     Discharged  iar  disability  Sept.  9,  1S63. 
Charles  E.  Preston,   private.     Drowned   at    Ship   Island,    Miss., 

April  5,  1862. 
Hibbard  Hunt,  private.     Discharged  for  disalMlity  Jan.  2,  1S62. 
Edward  Robinson,  i)rivate.     Died  at  New  Orleans  July  i,  1S62. 
Moses  Series,  private.     Transferred  to  battalion,  Twelfth  Maine, 

Co.  D. 
George  H.  Mack,  private.     Missing  Aug.  6,  1863. 

HATTALION    TWF^r.FTH    RECIMENT    IXFANTRY. 

This  battalion  was  composed  of  re-enlisted  men  and  re- 
cruits of  the  Twelfth  Regiment  Maine  Infantry,  organized 
into  a  battalion  of  four  companies,  lettered  A,  B,  C,  and 
T),  by  Special  Orders  85,  Head-quarters  Middle  Military 
Division,  Nov.   16,    1861. 

Co.  D.     .Moses  Series,  private.     Transferred  from  Co.  1),  Twelftii 
Infantry. 

THE    FIFTEENTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  from  the 
6th  to  31st  of  December,  1861,  to  serve  three  years.  On  the 
e-xpiration  of  its  term,  the  original  members  (except  veterans) 
were  mustered  out.  The  organization,  composed  of  vet- 
erans and  recruits,  was  mustered  out  July  5,   1866. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  Department  of  the  South, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  storming  of  the  enemy's  works  on 
Mustang  Island  and  in  the  capture  of    Fort  Esperan/.a  in 


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EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF   THE    REIiELLION 


379 


i^i 


Matagorda   Bay,  Tex. ;  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Pleasant 
Hill,  Cane  River  Crossing,  and  Sabine  Cross  Roads,  La. 
In  this  regiment,  Eastport  is  credited  with  the  following : 

James    F".    Tilton.   quartermaster    sergeant.      Promoted 
quartermaster  and  acting  brigade  quartermaster.     Re- 
signed July  5,  1S65 
Thomas    L.    Lynch,   commissary  sergeant.     Reduced  to 

ranks,  and  transferred  to  Co.  K. 
Charles  O.   Dodge,   private,   Co.   A.     Appointed   drum- 
major  Jan.  23,   1 862. 
Co.  A.     Samuel  D.  Leavitt,  first  lieutenant.     Resigned  June  21, 
1862. 
James    E.  Nutt,   private.     Promoted   to   sergeant.     Dis- 
charged for  disability  March  30,  1SC4. 
Lewis  E.  Sylvay,  private.     Discharged  Feb.  25,  1S63. 
Co.  C.     Andrew  Dougherty,  private.     Transferred  from  Co.   A. 
Promoted  corporal.     Reduced  to  ranks  in  1M62. 
James  Mulholland,  private.     Mustered  out  Jan.  19,  1.865. 
Co.  D.     Martin  X.  Grant,  private.     Discharged  at  Augusta,  July 

31,  1862. 
Co.  G.     Charles  W.  Carpenter,  private.     Died  at  P)razos  Island, 

Tex.,  Dec.  i,  1863. 
Co.  K.     George  H.  Lingley,  private. 

George   \V.    Capen,   second   lieutenant,    Dec.    16,    1861. 
Acting  aide-de-camp.  First  Brigade  United  States  forces. 
Promoted  first  lieutenant  July  21,  1863. 
Charles    Powers,    private.      Promoted    sergeant.      Dis- 
charged Oct.  ID,  1862. 

THE    SIXTEKNTH    REdlMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Aug.  14, 
1S63,  to  serve  three  years.  The  original  nierid)ers  were 
mustered  out  of  service  June  5,  1S65,  and  the  recruits  trans- 
ferred to  the  Twentieth  Maine  Volunteers. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  engaged  at  South  Mountain  and  Antietam.     In  the 


III 


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380 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


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battle  of  Fredericksburg,  it  lost,  in  killed,  wounded,  and 
missing,  226  men,  nearly  fifty  per  cent,  of  their  number  en- 
gaged. It  took  part  in  the  Chancellorsville  campaign,  was 
actively  engaged  all  through  the  Gettysburg  battle,  and,  at 
the  close  of  that  battle,  all  that  remained  for  duty  of  248, 
officers  and  men,  who  entered  the  engagement  in  the  first 
day,  were  2  officers  and  15  enlisted  men.  It  was  also 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  and  Spott- 
sylvania.  In  this  last  engagement,  the  regiment  lost,  in 
killed,  wounded,  and  missing,  nearly  one  hundred  men.  It 
also  participated  in  the  charge  upon  the  enemy's  lines  at 
Laurel  Hill,  and  lost  50  men  in  killed,  wounded,  and  miss- 
ing. Engaged  at  North  Anna,  I3ethesda  Church,  Petersburg, 
Weldon  Railroad,  Hatcher's  Run,  and  Gravelly  Run. 
In  this  regiment,  the  following  Eastporters  appear:  — 

Co.  A.    James  A.  Steeves,  private.     Transferred  to  Co.  F,  Six- 
teenth Infantry. 
Henry  A.  White,  private.     Missing  in  action  June  7,  1864. 
Co.  B.     George  Williams,  private.     Missing  P"eb.  20,  1S64. 
Co.  D.     Charles  H.  Hunt,  private.     Discharged  April  2C,  1S65. 

EIGHTEEXTH    MAINE    INKANIRV. 

(For  history  of  this  regiment,  see  First  Maine  Heavy  Ar- 
tillery, to  which  organization  the  name  of  the  Eighteenth 
Maine  was  changed.) 


ROSTER    OF    COMPANY    K. 

The  following  names  marked  *  were  transferred  from  Co. 
C,  Coast  Guards:  — 


♦(ieorge  W.  Sabine,  captain.  *  Hiram  P'.  Swett,  corporal. 

*Gershom  C.  Bibl^er,  first  serg"t.  *Abner  S.  Farrow,  corporal. 

*John  W.  Prcssly,  sergeant.  *  Robert  Smith,  corporal. 
*  Ezra  Dean,  sergeant.  Cliarles  Mifler,  corporal. 


H,! 


EASTPORI'    IN    THE    WAR    OF   THE    REHELLION 


?S. 


*  Edward  J.  Gilligan,  corporal. 

*  James  Mooney,  musician. 

*  Ellas  Brewster,  private. 
*Parrion  W.  Cook,  private. 

Arthur  S.  Chickcring,  private. 
Timothy  Collins,  private. 
•James  Finn,  private. 

*  George  Eben  Higgins,  private. 

*  George  Hunter,  private. 
*John  Johnson,  Jr.,  private. 

Edward  J.  Kcrnan,  private. 


Archibald  McKenzie,  private. 
Joseph  Moholland,  private. 

*  Cornelius   Nickerson,   private. 

*  William  J.  F.  Richter,  nrivate. 
*John  Robinson,  private. 

*  James  Sears,  private. 

*  Richard  Sears,  private. 

*  Hiram  Smith,  private. 
Thomas  Toohey,  private. 

*  .Andrew  Tucker,  private. 
John  T.  Ward,  private. 


i  '  3   1 


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THE    XINETEENIH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Bath,  Me.,  Aug.  25,  1862, 
to  serve  three  years.  The  original  members,  whose  terms 
of  service  e.xpired  previous  to  October,  1865,  were  mustered 
out  of  service  May  31,  1865,  and  the  remaining  men  trans- 
ferred to  the  First  Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  \'ir- 
ginia  and  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  It  had  its  first  figlit  at 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg,  was  engaged  at  Chancellors- 
ville,  Bristow  Station,  and  Gettysburg.  In  this  latter  battle, 
the  regiment  went  into  action  with  440  officers  and  men  ;  and 
their  loss  during  the  two  days  engaged  was  12  oflicers  and 
220  enlisted  men,  killed  and  wounded.  Engaged  at  Bristow 
Station,  Mine  Run,  Todd's  Tavern,  Wilderness,  and  Spott- 
sylvania.  Loss  in  these  engagements  very  severe.  Partici- 
pated in  engagements  at  Po  River,  North  Anna,  Beihcsda 
Church,  Cold  Harbor,  Deep  Bottom,  Ream's  Station,  Wel- 
don  Railroad,  Strawberry  Plains,  and  Boydton  Road. 

The  following  Eastporters  appear  in  this  regiment ;  — 

Co.  H.     Thomas    Murrey,    private.      Died   of   disease    March    5 

1 8f  )4. 
Co.  K.     Samuel    E.  Buckman,  private.     Promoted  corporal    and 


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EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


'I'i 


sergeant.     Promoted    second    lieutenant.       Wounded 
July  2,  1863. 
Co.  A.     Benjamin  F.  Shaw,  private.     Promoted  corporal.     Trans- 
ferred to  First  Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 

THE   TWENTIETH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Portland,  Me.,  Aug.  29, 
1862,  to  serve  three  years.  The  original  members,  whose 
terms  of  service  expired  previous  to  Oct.  i,  1865,  were 
mustered  out  June  4,  1865.  The  enlisted  men  of  the  Six- 
teenth Maine  Volunteers  and  First  Maine  Sharpshooters, 
whose  term  of  service  had  not  expired,  were  transferred  to 
this  organization  June  5  and  June  21,  1865.  The  whole 
regiment  was  mustered  out  of  the  United  States  service 
July  16,  1865. 

This  regiment  had  its  term  of  service  in  the  Armv  of  the 
Potomac.  It  participated  in  the  battle  of  Antietam,  and  at 
the  battle  of  Fredericksburg  was  under  a  hot  and  galling 
fire  of  thirty-six  hours.  It  was  engaged  at  the  battle  of 
Chancellorsville,  and  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  it  was  hotly 
engaged.  In  this  engagement,  it  lost  3  officers  killed  and 
134  enlisted  men,  killed  and  wounded.  Took  part  in  the 
engagement  at  liristow  and  Rappahannock  Stations,  Mine 
Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Bethesda 
Church,  Hatcher's  Run,  Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  and 
Peeble's  Farm. 

In  this  regiment,  the  following  Eastporters  are  credited 
with  service  :  — 

Co.  B.  William  F.  Gould,  private.  Transferred  from  Second 
Infantry. 

Co.  A.  William  J.  Canday,  private.  Transferred  from  Second 
Infantry. 

Co.  E.  Alexander  Stinson,  private.  Transferred  from  First 
Maine  Sharpshooters.  Transferred  to  Co.  I,  Twen- 
tieth Maine. 


m 


EASTPORT    IN    TFE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


THE   TWENTV-FIFTH    REGIMENT. 


38: 


This  regiment  was  organized  at  Portland,  Me.,  Sept.  29, 
1862,  to  serve  nine  months,  and  mustered  out  of  service 
July  10,  1S63.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Poto- 
mac.    No  battles  recorded. 

In  this  regiment,  the  only  Eastport  boy  whose  name  is 
mentioned  is :  — 

John  H.  Knight.     Commissioned  first  lieutenant  of  Co.  H,  Oct.  14, 
1862. 

THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Bangor,  Me.,  Oct.  11, 
1862,  to  serve  nine  months,  and  mustered  out  of  service 
Aug.  17,  1863. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
and  the  Department  of  the  (}ulf.  Its  term  of  service  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac  was  of  brief  duration.  It  joined  that 
army  in  October,  1862,  and  in  December,  1862,  joined 
15anks's  expedition.  Cos.  A,  F,  D,  I,  arrived  at  New  Orleans 
tlie  middle  of  same  month,  and  the  remaining  companies 
arrived  the  ist  of  Januarj-,  1S63.  It  joined  in  the  re- 
connoissance  to  Port  Hudson  in  March,  1863;  was  en- 
gaged with  the  enemy  at  Irish  Lend,  La.,  and  met  with 
severe  loss.  It  was  complimented  on  the  field  by  General 
Grover  for  its  bravery  and  discipline.  After  this  engage- 
ment, it  was  engaged  in  supporting  a  battery  at  Port  Hud- 
son from  May  30  to  June  12,  and  participated  in  the  assault 
on  that  invincible  stronghold. 

In  this  regiment,  the  following  Kastport  boys  were  enrolled 
in  Co.  H,  and  took  an  active  part :  — 

George  P.  Potter,  private.     I'romoted  sergeant.     Promoted  first 

sergeant. 
I'^leazer  G.  15ibber,  private. 
Charles  T.  Eldridge,  private. 


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EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


James  Eldridge,  Jr.,  private. 

William  P.  Higgins,  private. 

James  15.  Lawler,  private. 

John  A.  Lowe,  private. 

Joseph  Morang,  private.     Died  of  disease  June  21,  1S63,  at  New 

Orleans. 
Nathaniel   Norwood,  private.     Died   of  disease   May  6,  1SG3,  at 

liayou  BfL'uf,  La. 
James  Peters,  private.     Discharged  at  hospital  Feb.  27,  1S63. 

THE    TWENTV-EIGHIH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  Oct.  18, 
1S62,  to  serve  for  the  period  of  nine  months,  and  mustered 
out  of  service  Aug.  31,  1863. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf,  and  was  engaged  with  the  enemy  at  Donaldsonville 
and  Port  Hudson.  Co.  I  of  this  regiment  contained  the 
names  of  the  following  Easlport  boys:  — 

Walter  F.  Bradish,  private. 

Fklward  A.  Mack,  private. 

George  McDermid,  private.     Died  of  disease  Aug.  3i,   1.S63,  at 

Indianapolis,  Ind. 
Harlan  P.  Parsons,  private.     Promoted  corporal  and  sergeant. 

Co.  V,  contained  Charles  H.  Owen,  private. 


THK     rWKNTV-NINTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment,  with  the  e.xception  of  Cos.  A  and  D,  was 
organized  at  Augusta,  Me.:  from  Nov.  13,  1SG3,  ^o  January, 
1S64,  to  serve  three  years.  Cos.  A  and  I)  were  transferred 
from  the  Tenth  Maine  Ikxttalion.  Co.  A  was  mustered  out 
Oct.  iS,  1S64.  Captain  ]>utler"s  unassigned  company  Maine 
infantry,  organized  Sept.  16,  1S64,  to  serve  one  year,  was 
assigned  to  the  regiment  as  Co.  A,  after  tiie  muster  out  of 
service  of  the  former  Co.  A. 


EASTPOR'l"    IN    THE    WAR    OK    THE    REBELLION 


38s 


This  regiment  had  its  term  of  service  in  the  Departments 
of  the  Gulf,  Virginia,  and  the  South.  It  was  engaged  at 
Sabine  Cross  Roads,  Mansfield,  Pleasant  Hill,  Cane  River 
Crossing,  La.,  in  battles  of  Winchester,  Fisher's  Hill,  and 
Cedar  Creek,  Va. ;  performed  guard  duty  at  Washington  Ar- 
senal over  the  assassins  of  President  Lincoln. 

Joseph  Bervvin,  private,  Co  A,  afterward  transferred  to 
Co.   H,  was   the   only  Eastport   man  on   the   rolls  of   this 


regiment. 


THE   THIRTIETH    REGIMENT. 


This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  from  Dec. 
12,  1863,  to  June  8,  1S64,  for  three  years.  The  enlisted 
men  of  the  Thirteenth  Maine  Volunteers,  whose  term  of 
service  had  not  expired  at  the  date  of  muster  out  of  that 
regiment,  were  transferred  to  this  organization  Nov.  18, 
1864.  The  entire  regiment  was  mustered  out  of  service 
Aug.  20,   1865. 

This  regiment  had  its  period  of  service  in  the  Depart- 
ments of  the  Gulf  and  Virginia.  It  took  an  honorable  part 
in  the  battles  of  Sabine  Cross  Roads  and  Pleasant  Hill, 
La.  In  both  these  engements,  it  lost  1 1  killed,  66  wounded, 
and  71  missing.  It  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  engage- 
ment at  Cane  River  Crossing,  La.,  and  lost  2  officers  and 
10  enlisted  men  killed,  2  officers  and  67  enlisted  men 
wounded,  and  7  enlisted  men  missing.  While  in  service  in 
the  Department  of  Virginia,  it  guarded  Washington,  and 
was  also  on  guard  duty  at  Washington  Arsenal,  where  the 
trial  of  the  conspirators  was  being  held. 

In  this  regiment,  Eastport  boys  were  enrolled  as  fol- 
lows :  — 

Co.  D.     George  T.  Gillespie,  private.     Transferred  to  Fourteenth 
Regiment  Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery. 
Charles  A.  Gillespie,  private.     Transferred  to  Fourteenth 
Regiment  Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery. 


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386  EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 

William  Gillespie,  private.  Transferred  to  Fourteentl: 
Regiment  Rhode  Island  Heavy  Artillery. 

Co.  F.  Charles  E.  Munson,  private.  Transferred  from  Co.  K, 
Tliirtieth  Infantry.     Missing  July  16,  1S65. 

Co.  K.     Charles    E.    .Munson,   private.      Transferred   to    Co.    F. 

THE   THIRTY-FIRST   REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Augusta,  Me.,  from  March 
I,  1864,  to  April  29,  1864,  for  three  years.  There  were 
two  unassigned  companies  of  Maine  volunteers  organized 
in  October,  1S64,  and  assigned  to  this  regiment  as  Cos.  L 
and  M.  The  Thirty-second  Maine  Volunteers  was  consoli- 
dated with  this  regiment  Dec.  12,  1864,  and  the  entire  regi- 
ment mustered  out  of  service  July  15,  1S65. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  participated  in  the  battle  of  the  Wilderness,  in  which 
it  lost  heavily  in  killed  and  wounded.  At  SpcUsylvania,  it 
lost  12  killed,  75  wounded,  and  108  missing.  It  was  also 
engaged  at  Tolopotomy,  Bethesda  Church,  ('old  Harbor. 
Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  IVplar  Springs  Church,  and 
Hatcher's  Run. 

William  Hickey,  j^rivate,  Co.  1!,  and  Robert  F.  Parker, 
private  (promoted  corporal),  and  John  Hunter,  private,  Co. 
L,  appear  to  be  the  only  Eastport  boys  who  did  service  in 
this  regiment.     Hunter  died  April  2,  1865. 

THE    COAST   CUAKD    liATTALION. 

This  battalion,  composed  of  seven  companies,  was  organ- 
ized at  Delfast,  Augusta,  and  ICastport,  Me.,  from  March  18, 
1864,  to  March,  j,  1865,  to  serve  one,  two,  and  three  years. 
It  was  mustered  out  by  companies,  as  follows:  Co.  A,  May 
25,  1865;  Co.  ]!,  June  24,  1865;  Co.  G,  July  6,  1865;  Cos. 
E  and  F,  July  7,  1865  ;  and  Cos.  C  and  I),  Sept.  6,  1865. 

Co.  C  (Captain  Thomas  P.  Hutchinson)  was  mustered  into 


li  iS, 
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into 


EASJPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OK    THE    REHELLION 


3«7 


the  United  States  service  at  Eastport,  Me.,  May  i6,  1864,  to 

serve  three  years,  and  was  stationed  at  Fort  Sullivan,  Me. 

The  following  P'astporters  were  enrolled  in  this  company  : 

.Andrew  J.  Gibson.  Commissiuiiecl  second  lieutenant  April  24, 
1864.  Promoted  first  lieutenant  .May  5,  1S64.  Mustered  out 
Sept.  6,  1865. 

James  M.  Laskcy,  private. 

John  Laskcy,  private. 

Robert  H.  Mullineaux,  private. 


Samuel  W.  Doty,  private. 
John  F,nri<^ht,  private. 
Horace  W.  (hass,  private. 
Robert  Huntley,  private. 
Albert  Harrinnton,  private. 
James  Kcirstcad,  private 
Andrew  J.  Kinney,  private. 
Daviil  E.  Kinney,  private. 


Charles  Munson,  private. 
Mort^an  I).  Owen,  privat':. 
Stillman  Rhodes,  jirivate. 
William  T.  Kobipson.  pi  ivate. 
Jesse  Searlcs,  private. 


Gleason  S.  Sumner,  private. 
UNASSIONED    MAIM-:    INF.W  IRY. 

This  company  (Captain  Samuel  L.  Gilmanj  was  organized 
April  14,  1S65,  remained  at  Augusta,  Me.,  and  was  mus- 
tered out  of  the  service  at  that  place  May   19,   1S65. 

The  name  of  William  McLaughlin,  private,  appears  to  be 
the  only  Eastport  boy  in  this  company. 


RECORD   OF    EASTPORT    MEX    WHO   SKKVEI)    IN   OTHER 

TILV.X    MAIXI':    REO[Mi:XT.S    DURIXO    THE    WAR 

()[■'   THE   RE]ii;i,I.IoX,  ARRAX(iEI)   ACCORD- 

IXC   'I'o   TIH'.   ORDER    OF   .STATES. 

Xi;W    HA.NH'SHH-li;. 
THE    THIRIEKNTII    RKCIMEN'T    OK    IXKANIRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Concord,  N.ll.,  Sept.  20, 
1S62,  for  three  years,  'i"he  original  members  were  mustered 
out  June  21,  1865,  and  the  remaining  men  transferred  to  the 
Second  Regiment  New  Hampshire  Volunteers.  This  regi- 
ment had    its    service    in   the   Army   of  the    Potomac,   and 


*     '  ! 


388 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


distinguished  itself  at  Fredericksburg,  Siege  of  Suffolk, 
Walthall  Junction,  Swift  Creek,  Kingsland  Creek,  Drury's 
Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  and  Battery  Harrison. 

Charles  C.  Favor,  private,  Co.  H.  Mustered  in  Nov.  27,  1862. 
Promoted  sergeant-major  March  7,  1863.  Promoted  to  sec- 
ond lieutenant,  Co.  B,  Nov.  28,  1S63.  Honorably  discharged 
Sept.  5,  1864. 


THE  FOURTEENTH  REGIMENT  OF  INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Concord,  N.H.,  Sept.  24, 
1862,  for  three  years.  It  was  mustered  out  of  service  July  8, 
1865.  This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  Department  of  the  Gulf,  and  Department  of  the 
South.  It  lost  in  the  engagement  at  Opequan  13  officers 
and  130  men  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners.  It  was  en- 
gaged at  Fisher's  Hill.  In  its  period  of  service,  it  lost  by 
death  above  two  hundred  men  and  officers.  Seventy  of 
these  fell  in  battle  or  died  of  their  wounds.  The  remainder 
sank  under  disease  brought  on  in  the  discharge  of  their  duly 
in  unhealthy  climates. 

George  W.  Swett,  private,  Co.  I).     Mustered  in  Sept.  23,  1862. 
Mustered  out  June  i  r,  1865. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
FIRST   CAVALRY. 

Cos.  A  to  H  of  this  regiment  were  organized  at  Readville, 
Mass.,  from  Sept.  5,  186 1,  to  Nov.  i,  1861,  for  three  years. 
Cos.  I  to  M,  inclusive,  of  the  original  organization  were  de- 
tached Aug.  4,  1863,  to  form  an  independent  battalion  of  cav- 
alry, to  which  eight  new  companies  were  added  Feb.  12,  1864, 
forming  the  Fourth  Massachusetts  Cavalry.  Four  new  com- 
panies were  raised  from  Dec.  5,  1863,  to  Jan.  14,  1864,  to  take 
the  place  of  the  transferred  companies.     The  original  mem- 


EASTPORr    IN    THE    WAR    OF    THE    REHELLION 


389 


bers  were  mustered  out,  and  the  veterans  nd  recruits  consoli- 
dated into  eight  companies,  Oct.  24,  1864.  Mustered  out  of 
service  June  29,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  participated  in  the  following  engagements ; 
Poolesville,  South  Mountain,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg, 
ChancellorsviP.e,  Brandy  Station,  Aldie,  Upperville,  Gettys- 
burg, Willlamsport,  Culpepper,  Auburn,  Todd's  Tavern,  For- 
tifications of  Richmond,  Vaughan  Road,  St.  Mary's  Church, 
Co'd  Harbor,  and  Bellefield. 

Charles  ArcCullough,  private.  Co.  A.     Mustered  in  Aug.  23,  1S62. 

Discharged  expiration  term  of  service,  Oct.  24,  18^14. 
William  H.  Martin,  private,   Co.  G.     Mustered  in  Oct.  10,  1S61. 

Discharged  expiration  term  of  service,  Oct.  31,  1864. 


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THIRD    CAVALRV. 

This  regiment,  with  the  exception  of  Cos.  I,  L,  and  M, 
was  organized  as  the  Forty-first  Infantry  at  Bo.vford  and 
Lynnfield,  Mass.,  from  Aug.  31,  1862,  to  Nov.  i,  1862,  for 
three  years.  Its  designation  was  chnnged  to  the  Third  Cav- 
alry July  22,  1S63.  Cos.  A,  B,  and  C,  Battalion  Second 
Massachusetts  Cavalry,  unattached.  Gulf  Squadron,  organ- 
ized at  Lowell,  Mass.,  Dec.  27,  1861,  for  three  years,  were 
assigned  to  this  regiment,  as  follows  :  Cos.  A  and  B  as  Co. 
M  ;  Co.  C  as  Co.  L.  The  former  was  mustered  out  Jan.  31, 
1865  ;  the  latter,  Dec.  27,  1S64.  Two  new  companies  were 
organized  at  Readville,  Mass.,  February,  1865,  to  serve  one 
year,  and  assigned  to  this  regiment  as  Cos.  L  and  M.  The 
regiment,  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  six  companies  July 
21,  1865,  was  mustered  out  Sept.  28,  1865. 

This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the 
Gulf  and  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  It  participated  in  the 
following  engagements  :  Irish  Bend,  Henderson  Hill,  Cane 
River,   Port    Hudson,  Sabine   Cross  Roarls,  Muddy  Bayou, 


yi 


39° 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAOUODDY 


Piny  Woods,  Red  River  Campaign,  La.,  Opequan,  Fisher's 
Hill,  Snag  Point,  Winchester,  Cedar  Creek,  and  others  in 
Virginia. 

Reed  B.  Granger,  sergeant,  Co.  G.  Commissioned  second  lieuten- 
ant June  17,  1863.  Promoted  first  lieutenant  March  6,  1S64. 
Acting  provost  marshal  general  middle  military  division. 
Resigned  May  27,  18G5.     (See  Ninth  Infantry.) 

Calvin  G.  Tuttle,  private,  Co.  L.  Mustered  in  Sept.  26,  18C1. 
Died  April  14,  1863,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Robert  Hunter,  private,  Co.  M.  Mustered  in  Nov.  19,  1861.  Dis- 
charged Aug.  29,  18C3,  for  disability. 

THE    FIRST    REGIMENT   OF    HEAVY    ARTILLER\-. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston,  Mass.,  from  July 
5,  1861,  to  March  26,  1862,  for  three  years.  The  original 
members  were  mustered  out  of  service  as  their  terms  expired, 
and  the  remaining  members  mustered  out  Aug.  16,  1S65.  It 
had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated 
in  the  following  engagements:  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna, 
Tolopotomy,  Cold  Harbor,  Petersburg,  Strawberry  Plains, 
Deep  llottom.  Poplar  S|:)rings  Church,  Poydton  Road,  Hatch- 
er's Run,  Duncan's  Run.  and  Vaughan  Road. 

Nathaniel  S.  Chambers,  private,  Co.  A.  Mustered  in  July  5,  1S61. 
Discharged  Nov.  4,  1863,  to  re-enlist.  Re-enlisted  Nov.  5, 
1863.     Died  of  disease   Feb.  16,  1865.  at  Patrick  .Station,  \'a. 


THE    EIGHTH    liATTERV    OK    LlGHr    ARTILLERY. 

This   battery  was  a  volunteer   battery,  which   served    for 
six  months  in   18O2.     No  battles  are  recorded. 

Seward    15.    Davis,   corporal.     Mustered  in  May  30,    1862.     Dis- 
charged expiration  term  of  service,  Nov.  29,  1862. 


EASTPORT    I\    THE    WAR   Ol'   THE    REBELLION 


THE    NINTH    BATTERY   OK    LIGHT    ARTILLERY. 


391 


This  battery  was  organized  at  Lynnfield,  Mass.,  Aug.   10, 

1862,  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  of  service  June 
6,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
took  part  in  the  following  engagements  :  Gettysburg,  Mine 
Run,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy,  Bethesda 
Church,   Petersburg,  Weldon  Railroad,  and   Hatcher's  Run. 

John  K.  Norwood,  private.  Mustered  in  Aug.  10,  1862.  Dis- 
charged for  disability  Feb.  1,  1864. 

THE    FIRST    REGIMENT    Ol-     INIAXTRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston,  Mass.,  June  15, 
1861,  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  May  25,  1864. 
It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  en- 
gaged in  the  following  battles:  First  Bull  Run,  Williamsburg, 
Fair  Oaks,  Glenddle,  and  other  battles  on  the  Peninsula, 
Kettle  Run,  Second  liull  Run,  Chantilly,  Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Locust  Grove,  Wilderness,  and 
Spottsylvania. 

John  Abrams,  private.  Co.  A.  Mustered  in  May  23,  1861. 
Wounded  at  Williamsburg  and  .Second  liull  Run.  Dis- 
charged for  disability  Jan.  7,   1863.     (See  Maine.) 

THE    ITFIH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Wenham,  Mass.,  Septem- 
ber,   1862,   for  nine  months,  and  was  mustered  out  July  2, 

1863.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the  South. 
It  was  engaged  at  Kinston,  Whitehall,  Goldsboro,  Cove 
Creek. 

Joseph  S.  Nutter,  corporal,  Co.  C.  Mustered  in  Sept.  i6,  1862. 
Mustered  out  July  2,  1863. 


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392 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


THE    SIXTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston  and  Lowell,  Mass., 
from  Aug^.  31  to  Sept.  8,  1862,  for  nine  months,  and  was 
mustered  out  June  3,  1863.  This  regiment  had  its  service 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  It  will  ever  hold  a  proud 
place  in  the  history  of  the  Rebellion.  Its  passage  through 
Baltimore  on  the  19th  of  April,  1861,  on  its  way  to  Wash- 
ington, the  assault  upon  it  by  the  mob  of  Baltimore,  the 
life-blood  shed  upon  the  streets  of  that  city,  the  first  in 
the  war,  would  alone  forever  render  this  regiment  histori'^'^.l. 
It  was  the  first  in  the  three  months'  service,  and  was  the  first 
in  the  nine  months'  service.  It  was  engaged  on  the  Black- 
water,  Siege  of  Suffolk,  and  Hebron  Church. 

Mendall  Spencer,   private,   Co.  K.     Mustered  in  April  22,  1S61. 
Expiration  term  of  service,  Aug.  2,  1.S61. 


■ 


THE    EIGHTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boxford,  Mass.,  from  Sept. 
15  to  Oct.  30,  1862,  for  nine  \nonths,  and  was  mustered  out 
Aug.  7,  1863.  This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  South  and  Army  of  the  Potomac.  No  battles 
recorded. 

Edward  A.  Mack,  private,  Co.  D.  Mustered  in  July  iS,  1S64. 
Expiration  term  of  service,  Nov.  16,  1S64.  (See  Pennsyl- 
vania.) 

THE    NINTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston,  Mass.,  June  11, 
i86t,  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  June  21,  1864. 
This  regiment  had  its  term  of  service  in  the  Army  of 
the  Potomac,  and  took  part  in  the  following  engagements : 
battles  on  the  Peninsula,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville, 
Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River,  Po 
River,  Bethesda  Church,  Shady  Oak,  and  Cold  Harbor. 


EASTPORT   IN   THE   WAR    OF   THE    REHELLION 


393 


Reed  B.  Granger,  hospital  steward.  Mustered  in  June  ii,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability  Feb.  18,  1S62.  (See  Third  Cav- 
alry.) 

THE    ELEVENTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston,  Mass.,  June  13, 
1861,  for  three  years.  On  the  expiration  of  its  term  of 
service,  the  original  members,  except  veterans,  were  mus- 
tered out.  The  veterans  and  recruits,  together  with  the  vet- 
erans and  recruits  of  the  Sixteenth  Massachusetts  Volun- 
teers, which  were  transferred  to  this  regiment  July  11,  1864, 
were  consolidated  into  a  battalion  of  seven  companies,  and 
mustered  out  July  14,  1865.  This  regiment  had  its  service 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  the  follow- 
ing engagements:  First  Bull  Run,  Yorktown,  Williamsburg, 
Fair  Oaks,  Savage  Station,  Glendale,  Malvern  Hill,  Bristow 
Station,  Second  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  Fredericksburg,  Chan- 
cellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Kelly's  Ford,  Locust  Grove,  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy,  Cold  Harbor, 
Petersburg,  Strawberry  Plains,  Deep  Bottom,  Poplar  Springs 
Church,  and  Boydton  Road. 

Patrick  Kinney,  sergeant,  Co.  H.  Mustered  in  June  13,  1861. 
Transferred  to  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  April,  1S64. 


THE   THIRTEENTH    REGIMENl'    OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Boston,  Mass.,  from  July 
16  to  Aug.  I,  18C1,  for  three  years,  and  mustered  out  Aug. 
I,  1S64.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  participated  in  the  following  engagements  :  Second  Bull 
Run,  Antietam,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg, 
Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna  River,  Cold  Har- 
bor, and  Petersburg. 

Daniel  E.  Knox,  private,  Co.  C.  Mustered  in  July  16,  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability  Feb.  17,  1H63.  Wounded.  (See 
Navy.) 


.',  *- 


394  EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE   NINETEENTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Lynnfielcl,  Mass..  Aug  28, 
1 86 1,  to  serve  three  years.  On  the  e.xpiration  of  its  term 
of  service,  the  original  members  (non-veterans)  were  mus- 
tered out,  and  the  regiment,  composed  of  veterans  and 
recruits,  retained  in  service  until  June  30,  1865,  when  mus- 
tered out  in  accordance  with  orders.  The  regiment  had  its 
service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in 
the  following  battles :  Ball's  Bluff,  Yorktown,  West  Point, 
Fair  Oaks,  Peach  Orchard,  Savage  Station,  White  Oak 
Swamp,  Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Bristow  Station, 
Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Spottsylvania,  Tolopotomy,  Cold 
Harbor,  Petersburg,  Deep  Bottom,  Ream's  Station,  and 
Boydton  Road. 

Jonah  Franklin  Dyf;r,  credited  to  Rockport,  Mass.,  was  commis- 
sioned surgeon  Aug.  22,  1861,  and  mustered  out  of  service 
Aug.  28,  1S64.  Served  as  surgeon-in-chief  of  Second  Di- 
vision, Second  Army  Corps,  on  the  staff  of  Major-generals 
Howard.  Gibbon,  and  Webb,  and  at  times  medical  director  of 
the  Second  Army  Corps  under  Major-generals  Hancock  and 
Couch. 

THE    TAVENTV-.SECOND    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Lynntield  and  Boston, 
Mass.,  from  Sept.  4  to  Oct.  26,  i86r,  for  three  years,  and 
mustered  out  Oct.  17,  1S64.  This  regiment  had  its  service 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  participated  in  the  fol- 
lowing engagements :  battles  before  Richmond,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Rappahannock 
Station,  Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill,  Spottsylvania,  Jericho  Ford, 
Little  River,  Tolopotomy,  Bethesda  Church,  Shady  Grove 
Church,  and  Petersburg, 

Frank  ]>.  Smith,  private.  Co.  R.  Mustered  in  Sept.  2,  1861.  Dis- 
charged for  disability  Nov.  30,  1862. 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF   THE    REIIELLIOX 


THE   TWENTV-THIRD    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 


395 


This  regiment  was  organized  at  Annapolis,  Md.,  Sept.  28, 
1 86 1,  for  three  years.  On  expiration  of  term  of  service,  the 
original  members,  not  veterans,  were  mustered  out,  and  the 
veterans  and  recruits  mustered  out  June  25,  1865.  It  had 
its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  Department  of 
the  South,  and  participated  in  the  following  engagements  : 
Roanoke,  New  Berne,  Rawle's  Mills,  Kinston,  Goldsboro, 
Wilcox  Bridge,  Winton,  Smithfield,  Heckman's  Farm,  Ar- 
rowfield  Church,  Drury's  Bluff,  Cold  Harbor,  and  other 
battles  before  Richmond. 

John  Coad,  Jr.,  private,  Co.  H.  Mustered  in  Oct.  8,  1861.  Dis- 
charged for  disability  Oct.  7,  icS62. 

Isaac  H.  Edgett,  sergeant,  Co.  A.  Mustered  in  Sept.  2.S.  1861. 
Promoted  sergeant-major  Jan.  12,  1863.  Promoted  second 
lieutenant  May  5,  1863.  Promoted  first  lieutenant  and  adju- 
tant Dec.  16,  1863.  Promoted  captain  Oct.  14,  1864.  Expi- 
ration of  service  June  25,  1865. 

THE   TWENTY-SIXTH    REGIMENT    OK    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Lowell,  Mass.,  Nov.  4, 
1861,  for  three  years.  Original  members  mustered  out 
Nov.  7,  1864,  and  remaining  men  consolidated  into  a  bat- 
talion of  five  companies,  mustered  out  Aug.  26,  1865.  This 
regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and 
participated  in  the  following  engagements  :  Winchester, 
Cedar  Creek,  and  Fisher's  Hill. 

James  C.  Wood,  private,  Co.  K.  .Mustered  in  Oct.  25,  1861. 
Missing  Nov.   15,  1S62. 


•  I' 


'■'  ■:'■;  r 


■    m 

i 


THE   THIR'IY-I'HIRD    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Springfield,  Mass.,  Aug. 
13,  1862,  for  three  years,  and  mustered  out  June    11,  1SG5. 


(Hi 


396 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMA()UODDY 


I 


It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  and  Depart- 
ment of  the  South,  and  participated  in  the  following  battles : 
Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Beverly  Ford,  Gettysburg, 
Lookout  Mountain,  Missionary  Ridge,  and  the  battles  of 
General  Sherman's  grand  army. 

Nathaniel  Daggett,  private,  Co.  K.  Mustered  in  Aug.  8,  1862. 
Discharged  for  disability  Feb.  11,  1863.  The  rolls  of  the 
regiment  show  he  belongs  to  Eastport,  but  he  claims  Grand 
Menan. 

THE    FORTY-FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Readville,  Mass.,  Sept.  12, 
1862,  for  nine  months,  and  mustered  out  June  18,  1863.  It 
had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the  South,  and  was  en- 
gaged at  Rawle's  Mill,  Kinston,  Whitehall  Bridge,  Golds- 
boro.  Siege  of  Washington,  N.C.,  and  Hill's  Point. 

Joseph   C.  Noyes,  private,  Co.  A.     Mustered  in   .Sept.   12,  1862. 

Discharged  June  iS,  1S63. 
Silas  T.  Shackford,  private,  Co.  A.     Mustered  in  Sept.  12,  1862. 

Discharged  June  iS,  1863. 

THE    FORTY-FIFTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Readville,  Mass.,  from 
Sept.  26  to  Oct.  28,  1862,  for  nine  months,  and  mustered 
out  July  7,  1863.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of 
the  South,  and  was  engaged  at  Kinston  and  Whitehall. 

Reuben  Edgett,  private,  Co.  A.  Mustered  in  Sept.  26,  1862. 
Discharged  July  7,  1S63. 


NEW  YORK. 
THE   THIRD    REGIMENT   OF    CAVALRY. 

This  regiment  (called  the  Van  Allen  Cavalry)  was  organ- 
ized  at    New   York   City,  from  July  17,   186 1,  to  Aug.  22, 


EASTPURT    IX   THE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


397 


1 86 1,  for  three  years.  On  the  expiration  of  its  term  of  ser- 
vice, the  original  members  (except  veterans)  were  mustered 
out,  and  the  regiment,  composed  of  veterans  and  recruits, 
retained  in  service.  It  was  consolidated  with  the  Seventh 
New  York  Cavalry  July  21,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  the  following 
battles .  Petersburg,  Stony  Creek,  and  Derbytown  Road,  Va. 

Daniel  W.  Newcomb,  sergeant,  Co.  K.     Killed  in  action  at  Po!- 
locksville,  N.C.,  July  26,  1S62. 


t 


I! 


THE    ELEVENTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  (called  First  Fire  Zouaves)  was  organized 
in  New  York  City,  N.Y.,  in  May,  1861,  for  the  war.  It  was 
mustered  out  of  service  June  2,  1862.  The  only  battle  in 
which  this  regiment  took  part  was  the  First  Bull  Run,  in 
which  it  lost  24  killed,  46  wounded,  and  52  missing,  many  of 
the  latter  taken  prisoners.  The  regiment  was  unfortunate. 
In  the  death  of  Colonel  E.  Elmer  Ellsworth,  its  able  com- 
mander, who  was  shot  and  killed  by  a  rebel  named  Jackson 
at  the  Marshall  House  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  it  lost  the  em- 
bodiment of  the  pivotal  idea  in  its  organization;  and  demor- 
alization naturally  followed,  which  necessitated  the  return  of 
the  regiment  to  New  York  and  its  muster  out. 

Edward  B.  Knox.  Commissioned  first  lieutenant,  Co.  A,  May  7, 
1 861.  Honorably  mustered  out  Aug.  4,  1861.  (See  Forty- 
fourth  New  York  Volunteers.) 


THE   TWENTY-SEVENTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Elmira,  N.Y.,  May  21, 
1861,  for  two  years,  and  was  mustered  out  May  31,  1863. 
The  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  Siege  of  Yorktown,  battles  of 
Gaines's  Mill,    Chickahominy,  Charles   City   Cross    Roads, 


398 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  South  Mountain,  Antietam, 
Fredericksburg,  and  Rappahannock  Station. 

William  H.  McMahon,  born  in  Eastport,  .Me.,  US39,  private,  Co. 
G.  Promoted  cnsiiiii,  Co.  K,  Sept.  11,  1862.  Second  lieu- 
tenant Nov.  21,  1862,  and  from  time  to  time  to  lieutenant- 
colonel.     Was  wounded  at  Bull    Run   and  South  Mountain. 


THE    FORTIETH    REGIMENF   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  (Mozart  Regiment)  was  organized  at  Yonk- 
ers,  X. v.,  June  27,  1861,  for  three  years.  The  Eighty-seventh 
New  York  Regiment  was  consolidated  with  this  regiment  in 
September,  1862,  and  this  organization  again  consolidated 
May  25,  1S63,  to  receive  a  battalion  of  the  Thirty  eighth 
New  York  Volunteers,  formerly  of  the  Fifty-tifth  New  York 
Volunteers,  and  the  veterans  and  recruits  of  the  Thirty- 
seventh  New  York  Volunteers,  original  members  (except 
veterans),  mustered  out  in  July,  1S64..  Th.e  Seventy-fourth 
New  York  was  consolidated  with  it  July  27,  1S64,  and  was 
mustered  out  June  27,  1S65.  The  rej;;ineiiL  had  its  service 
in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  the  follow- 
ing battles  :  Yorktown,  Williamsburg,  Fair  Oaks,  Glendale, 
Malvern  Hill,  Second  Bull  Run,  Chantilly,  Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Mine  Run,  Wilderness,  Po 
River,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy.  Cold  Har- 
bor, Petersburg,  Strawberry  Plains,  Deep  Bottom,  and  Boyd- 
ton  Road. 


George  E.  lIanini;ton,  private,  Co.  C.  .Mustered  in  June  14, 
1861.  Promoted  color-sergeant.  In  active  service  First  Bull 
Run  and  Petersburg.  Wounded  at  Malvern  Hill  and  Chan- 
cellorsville.    Mustered  out  Nov.  23,  1S64. 

THK    FORTY-FOURTH    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  (People's  Ellsworth  Regiment)  was  organ- 
ized in  Albany,  N.Y.,  from  Aug.  30,  1S61,  to  Oct.  29,  1S61, 


t 


s  ■ 

I 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF    THE    REHELMON 


399 


for  three  years,  and  mustered  out  Oct.  ii,  1864.  The  vet- 
erans and  recruits  were  transferred  to  the  One  Hundred  and 
Fortieth  and  One  Hundred  and  Forty-sixth  New  York  Vol- 
unteers, This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac.  The  list  of  battles  engaged  in  is  as  follows : 
Siege  of  Yorktown,  action  of  Hanover  Court-house,  battles 
of  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Sjiottsyl- 
vania,  Rappahannock  Station,  Wilderness,  Siege  of  Peters- 
burg, and  battle  of  Weldon   Railroad. 

Edward  B.  Knox.  Commissioned  tirst  lieutenant  and  adjutant 
Sept.  25,  1S61.  Promoted  captain,  Co.  D,  July  4,  1S62.  Pro- 
moted major  July  14,  1S62.  Commissioned  lieutenant-colonel 
Aug.  27,  i8'')3.  Honorably  musturud  out  Oct.  li,  i>^(>^. 
Brevetted  captain,  U.S.A.,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  service  at  the  battle  of  Hanover  Court-house,  Va. 
Brevetted  major,  U.S.A.,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant  and 
meritorious  service  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  Pa.  Bre- 
vetted lieutenant-colonel,  L'.S.A.,  March  2,  1867,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  service  at  the  battle  of  Spottsylvaiiia. 
Wounded  at  Hanover  Court-house  and  Si)Ottsylvania.  (Sub- 
sequent service  in  regular  army  after  War  of  Rebellion  closed 
omitted.) 

THE    .SIXl  V-NI.\TII    REGIMENT     OF    INKAN  IRY. 

This  regiment  (First  Regiment  Irish  Brigade)  was  organ- 
ized at  New  York  City,  from  Sept.  7,  iS6r,  to  Nov.  17,  1S61, 
for  three  years.  On  the  expiration  of  its  service,  the  orig- 
inal members  (except  veterans)  were  mustered  out,  and  the 
regiment,  composed  of  veterans  and  recruits,  muL'^^cred  out 
June  30,  1865.  This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles  : 
Yorktown,  Fair  Oaks,  Gaines's  Mill,  Savage  Station,  Peach 
Orchard,  White  Oak  Swamp,  Malvern  Hi!!,  Antietam,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  P.ristow  Station, 
Mine     Run,    Wilderness,    Po    River,     Spottsylvania,     .North 


1 


an 


i  I 


¥:, 


i 


400 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Anna,  Tolopotomy.    Cold    Harbor,    Petersburg,    Strawberry 
Plains,  Deep  Bottom,  and  Ream's  Station. 

John  Libby,  private,  Co.  G.  Mustered  in  Oct.  12,  1861.  Died 
Dec.  II,  1S62.  Amputation  of  leg  resulting  from  wounds 
received  in  action  at  Antietam. 


THE    EIGHTY-THIRD    REGIMENT   OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  (Ninth  New  York  State  Militia)  was  organ- 
ized principally  at  New  York  City,  from  May  to  August, 
1 86 1,  for  three  years.  On  the  expiration  of  its  term  of 
service,  the  original  members  (except  veterans)  were  mus- 
tered out,  and  the  veterans  and  recruits  transferred  to  the 
Ninety-seventh  New  York  Volunteers, 
its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 


This  regiment  had 


List  of  battles  not  given  in  orders. 

Joseph  M.  Roberts,  private,  Co.  C.  Mustered  ii.  Oct.  5.  1861. 
Wounded  at  Antietam  and  First  Fredericksburg.  Transferred 
to  Co.  C,  Ninety-seventh  New  York  Infantry. 


i 


THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND  TWENTIETH   REGIMENT  OF   INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Kingston,  N.Y.,  in  August, 
1862,  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  June  3,  1865.  It 
had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  and  was  engaged 
in  the  following  battles :  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville, 
Spottsylvania,  Gettysburg,  Wilderness,  North  Anna,  Tolo- 
potomy, Cold  Harbor  Petersburg,  Boydton  Road,  Strawberry 
Plains,  Deep  Bottom,  and  Poplar  Springs  Church. 

William  A.  Norton,  commissioned  second  lieutenant,  Co.  C,  Aug 
15,  1S62.  Promoted  first  lieutenant  April  13,  1S63.  Hon- 
orably discharged  on  account  of  physical  disability  Aug. 
28,  1863. 


7 


EASTPOKl     IN    IHE    WAR    Ol"     IHE    RKBELLlOX 


401 


THE  ONE  HUNDRED  AND   FIFTY-I'IKTH    REGIMENIOF    INI-AMKY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  tlie  State  of  New  Yor]<  at 
large  in  November,  1862,  for  three  years,  and  was  mustered 
out  July  15,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the 
Potomac,  and  participated  in  the  following  engagements  : 
Suffolk,  Spottsylvania,  North  Anna,  Tolopotomy,  Cold  Har- 
bor, Petersburg,  Strawberry  Plains,  Dee])  Pottom,  Ream's 
Station,  and  Boydton  Road. 

l^atrick  ^^cGowan,  private,  Co.  K.  Mustered  in  Nov.  19,  1S62. 
Taken  prisoner  and  paroled,  rromoted  corporal  and  ser- 
geant. Honorably  discharged  April  cS,  iSGj.  Was  com- 
missioned second  lieutenant,  but  not  mustered. 


i       ■£      '•' 

*  I 't  ■ 


PKNXSVLVAXLX. 
THE    ELEVENTH    REGIMENT   (JF    INKANIRV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Harrisburg  and  Westmore- 
land County,  Pennsylvania,  Dec.  11,  1861,  for  three  years. 
On  the  expiration  of  its  term  of  service,  the  original  members 
(except  veterans)  were  mustered  out,  and  the  organization, 
composed  of  veterans  and  recruits,  mustered  out  July  i,  1865. 
This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Pi^omac, 
and  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Cedar  Mf)untain, 
Gainesville,  Second  Dull  Run,  Chantilly,  Antietam,  Freder- 
icksburg, Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg,  Mine  Run.  Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania,  North  .'\nna,  Tolopotomy,  IJethesda 
(Jhurch,   Petersburg,  and  Weldon   Railroad. 

I' red.  S.  ilradbury,  ])riv;ite.  Co.  C,  Xfiv.  zC).  li^O^.  (Transierrcd 
from  XMnetietn  Pennsylvania  Infantry.)  Died  at  Salisbury, 
N.C.,  Dec.  16,  i8r,4. 


^  f 


I    V 


rf 


B    11 


402  EASTFORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE    TWENTY-NINTH    RKGIMENT    OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  July  i, 
1861,  to  serve  three  years,  and  mustered  out  July  11,  1865. 
This  regiment  had  its  service  in  the  Army  of  the  Potomac 
and  Department  of  the  South. 

List  of  battles  not  given  in  orders. 

Edward  A.  Mack,  private,  Co.  B.     Mustered  in  Jan.  30.  1S65,  tor 
one  year.     Mustered  out  July  17,  1S65.     (Sec  Massachusetts.) 


MAR  VI. AN  I). 
THE     THIRD    RECIMENT    OF    CAVALRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Baltimore,  Md.,  from  Aug. 
8,  1863,  to  Jan.  9,  1864,  for  three  years.  Mustered  out 
Sept.  7,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Departments  of  the 
Gulf  and  Mississippi. 

List  of  battles  not  given  in  orders. 

Joseph    S.    Claridge.    assistant    surLiCon,    March    22.    1.^64.     (See 
Navy.) 

LOl'ISIA.NA. 
\\\\:    FIRST    REGIMENT    OF    CAVALRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  from 
AugLjt,  1S62,  to  December,  1863,  for  one,  two,  and  three 
years.  The  Second  Louisiana  Cavalry  was  consolidated 
with  it  Sept.  7,  1864.  'IMie  regiment  was  mustered  out  Dec. 
18,  1865.  It  had  its  service  in  the  Department  of  the  (lulf, 
and  participated  in  the  following  engagements :  Georgia 
Landing,  Gotten,  and   Port   Hudson. 

George    H.  Mack,  private,   Co.    II.     Mustered  in   Sept.  30.   i.sr.3. 
.Mustered  out  with  comi)any   Dec.   iS,  1.SO5. 


ihl;  high  1  \'-Kit;ii hi   kKdiMExr  n\-   ini-antky. 

This  regiment  \v;\s  nrt^anized  at  Chica.i^o,  III.,  Aul;.  37. 
1862,  for  three  years.  It  was  imistered  out  ol  service  June 
'),  1S65.  It  was  enj^aged  in  the  battles  of  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain, Peach  Tree  Creek,  ()a..  Stone  River,  Jonesboro.  Resaca, 


wr: 


W^ 


EAS'1P(JRT    IN     IHE    WAR    OF    THK    KEI'.ELLIOX 


403 


d  I 


ILLINOIS. 
IHK    K()t;RrH    RECIMENT    OV    CAVALRN  . 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Ottawa,  111.,  from  Sept.  26 
to  Oct.  17,  1 86 1,  for  three  years.  Consolidated  with  Twelfth 
Illinois  Cavalry  June  14,  1865. 

No  battles  reported  in  orders. 

James  .Sherlock.     Commissioned  second  lieutenant,  Co.  A,  Sept. 
26.  1861.     Resigned  June  3,  1863. 

THE    l-IRSr    REGIMENT    OV    LIGHT    ARIII.LERV. 

This  battery  was  organized  at  Cairo,  Ottawa,  Camp  Doug- 
las, Springtield,  Chicago,  and  Camp  Yates,  111. ;  namely, 
liatteries  A  and  1!,  July  16,  1861.  The  lormer  was  mustered 
out  July  10,  1S65,  the  latter  July  26,  1865, 

Battery  A  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles  :  Fort 
Donelson,  Chickasaw  IJayou,  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Shiloh, 
Arkansas  Post.   Champion   Hills,  and  Jackson. 

Oliver  F.  Shead,  private.  Battery  A.     Mustered  in  July   1''),  1861. 
Discharged  for  disability  Oct.  10,  1861. 

Battery  B  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Belmont, 
P'ort  Donelson,  Shiloh.  Chickasaw  Bayou.  Arkansas  Post, 
Siege  of  Vicksburg. 

GenvLce  T.  Match,  private,  Hatteiy  \).     Mustered  in  July  1^',  i>!6i 
Mustered  out  as  corporal  July  23,  1S64. 


!  J.  \\ 


404 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


Chickamauga,  Dallas,  Missionary  Ridge,  Adairsville,  Perry- 
ville,  and  Franklin. 

Alexander  S.  Chadbourne.  Commissioned  lieutenant-colonel 
Aug.  27,  iiS62.  Slightly  wounded  at  battle  of  Chickamauga. 
Resigned  Oct.  14,  1S63. 


IOWA. 

THE    FOURTH    REOIMENT    OF    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  in  the  State  of  Iowa  at  large, 
June  to  August,  1861,  for  three  years.  Mustered  out  July 
24,  1865.  It  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Kenesaw  Moun- 
tain, Atlanta,  Jonesboro,  Marietta,  Chickasaw  Bayou,  Arkan- 
sas Post,  Siege  of  Vicksburg,  Grand  Gulf,  Jackson,  Lookout 
Mountain,  and  Missionary  Ridge. 

William   F.  Goold,  first  sergeant,  Co.  B,  July  10,  i.s6i.     Promoted 
second  lieutenant  Oct.  11,  1861.     Resigned  Jan.  22,  1S62. 


WTSCOX.SIX. 
THE    FIRST    KKOIMENT    (»K    INFANrkV. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Milwaukee,  Wis.,  Oct.  8, 
18G1,  for  three  years.  The  original  members  (except  vet- 
erans) were  mustered  out  Oct.  13,  1864,  and  the  veterans 
and  recruits  transferred  to  the  Twenty-first  Wisconsin  In- 
fantry. It  was  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Chaplin  Hills, 
Stone  River,  Chickamauga,  Dallas,  NashvillL',  Kenesaw 
Mountain,  Jonesboro,  Chattanooga,  and  Athmta. 

William  Farron,  private,  Co.  A.  Mustered  in  Oct.  8,  i8^i[. 
Transferred  to  Co.  H  same  regiment.  Died  at  Andersoii- 
ville.  Ga.,  Aug.  20,  1864, 


EASI1'<)K1     IN     THE    WAR    OK    THE    REIiEI.MOX 


405 


MISSOURI. 
SEVENTH    REGIMENT    ENROLLED    MISSOURI    MILITIA. 

E.  C.  Pike,  lieutenant-colonel.  Commissioned  Sept.  25,  1S62,  to 
date  Sept.  23,  1S62.  IJrigadier-general  First  Drigade  of  En- 
roiled  .Missouri  Militia.  Commanded  the  First  .Military  Dis- 
trict of  Missouri.  He  assumed  command  April  i,  1S64.  Me 
assumed  command  of  the  post  of  Washington,  Mo.,  Oct.  ii, 
1X^)4.  On  Oct.  24,  1864,  he  removed  his  head-quarters  to 
Franklin,  Mo.,  and  assumed  command  of  all  the  troops  at 
Hermann,  Washington,  Franklin,  and  detachments  at  bridges 
on  South-west  Branch  Pacific  Railroad.  Turned  over  his 
command  at  P>anklin  to  Colonel  D.  O.  Gale,  commanding 
Fifty-fourth  Regiment  Enrolled  Missouri  .Militia,  pursuant  to 
orders,  and  on  the  ist  of  November,  1864,  arrived  in  St.  Louis 
with  his  staff  and  Co.  A,  First  Battalion  Cavalry. 

William  Snow  Dyer,  surgeon.  Commissioned  Nov.  7,  1S62,  to 
date  Nov.  4,  i8'')2.     Resigned  July  27,  1863. 


CALIF*  )R\IA. 


f! 


THE    FIRSr    REGIMENT    OF    CAVALRY.  • 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  San  Francisco,  Sacra- 
mento, Stockton,  and  Camp  Merchant,  Cal.,  from  August, 
1 86 1,  to  Dec.  31,  1863,  for  three  years.  It  was  mustered  out 
by  companies  at  different  dates  from  March  6  to  (^ct.  19, 
1866.  It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Pechacho 
Pass,  White  Mountains,  Tularosa  Valley,  Indian  Village, 
Oregon  Moimtains,  Bent's  Old  Fort,  Sacramento  Mountains, 
Croton  Springs,  and  Lamonico  Springs. 

Henry  J.  Hathaway,  sergeant,  Co.  1.  Enlisted  .March  23,  1863. 
Commissioned  second  lieutenant,  Co.  L,  .\pril  29,  1865.  Dis- 
charged for  disaJiiiity  July  5,  1S65. 


, 


406 


EASTl'UKT    ANIJ    PASSAM  AOUOIiUV 


THE    SECiiNT)    RKni.MKNT    OF    CAVAI.KV. 


This  regiment  was  organized  at  San  l'"rancisco.  Cal.,  from 
Sept.  5  to  ( )ct.  iS,  1S61,  for  three  years.  Mustered  out  by 
companies  at  different  dales  from  l'"eb.  i  to  July  12,  1S66. 
It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Owen's  River, 
Apache  Pass,  Madelaine  Plains,  Pear  River,  Owen's  \'alley, 
Cedar  Fork,  Spanish  I''ork  Canon,  Big  Pine  Creek,  Keysville. 
Clear  I-'ork,  Pine  Forest  District,  F'ish  Creek,  and  .Rock 
Canon. 

E.  M.  Savage,  private,  Co.  B.     Mustereil  in  Oct.  24,  1.S64.     Mi.ss- 
ing  from  Dun  Glen  Nov.  12,  1S65. 

THE    I-IKST    REGIMEXr    OK    INFAXPRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  San  I'rancisco,  Sacramento, 
Orville,  and  Amador,  Cal.,  from  August  to  r)ctober,  1S61, 
for  three  years.  Mustered  out  by  companies  from  Sept.  15 
to  Oct.  21,   1866. 

It  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Rio  de  las  Animas. 

John    ]).    Savage,  [irivate,    Co.    K.     Mustered    in    Dec.    16,    1.S61. 
Discharged  on  expiration  term  of  service  at  Fort  Union,  X.M. 


Hancock's  First  Arviy  Corps  (United  States    Feteran 

Volunteers). 


THE    FOURTH    REGIMENT    OK    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Camp  Stoneman,  D.C. 
from  December,  1SG4,  to  May,  1.S65,  for  one,  two,  and 
three  years,  and  was  mustered  out  by  detachments  from 
March   i   to  Aug.  6,   1S66. 

James  l-"inn,  private,  Co.  I.     Mustered  in  March  5,   1865.     Mus- 
tered out  on  individual  roll  March  14.  1S66. 


El  '■ 


EASTPORT    IN'     IHK    WAR    01'    VWV.    REHELLION 


407 


Levi  Flood,  private,  Co.  I.  Mustered  in  Fct).  2.S,  1S65.  Trans- 
ferred to  Co.  H,  and  mustered  out  with  that  company  Au^.  3, 
i(S66,  as  first  sergeant. 

Ciiarles  McOregor,  private,  Co.  I.  Mustered  in  Marcli  20.  1865. 
Mustered  out  as  corporal  March  19,  1S66. 

James  Mooney,  private,  Co.  I.     Mustered  in  Feb.  25,  18^5. 

Hiram  F.  Swett,  private.  Co.  I.  Mustered  in  March  15.  iS^j. 
Mustered  out  on  detached  roll  March  15,  1866. 

Feteran  Reserve  Corps. 

I'HF,    TKNTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  New  York  City  Oct.  lo, 
1863,  and  mustered  out  by  detacliments  between  July  i  and 
Nov.  28,  1865. 

Charles    W.    Bibber,  private.    Co.   F.     Transteried    from    Co.    H, 

Ninth    Maine,    Sept.    i,    1863.     Mustered   out    Aug.   1    or  3, 

1S65. 
Charles    E.    Harris,    private,    Co.    F.      Transferred    from    Co.   H, 

Ninth     .Maine    Volunteers,    Sept.     1,    1863.      Regiment    not 

known. 
Patrick    Kinney.      Transferred    from    private,   Co.    H,    I'levcnth 

Massachusetts  \'olunteers,  April,  1864. 


illl  I 


United  States  Colored  Troops. 

THK    ELEVENTH    RE(iIMENT    HEAV\     ARTILLERY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Providence,  R.I.,  from  Aug. 
28,  1863,  to  Jan.  25,  1864,  as  the  Fourteenth  Regiment 
Rhode  Island  Colored  Heavy  Artillery,  for  three  years. 
Mustered  out  Oct.  2,  1865. 

It  was  engaged  at  Indian  \'illage,  La. 

James  E.  Simmons,  private.     Mustered   in   Feb.  i\,  x'^Uy     Mus 
tered  out  Oct.  23,  1865. 


4o8 


' 


5 


Mt 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


THE    KORTV-THIRD  REGIMENT    OF    INFANTRY. 


This  regiment  was  organized  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  from 
March  12  to  June  2,  1864,  for  three  years.  Mustered  out 
Oct.  20,  1865.  Engaged  in  battles  of  Petersburg  and 
Hatcher's  Run. 

George  P.  Gillespie,  Charles  A.  Gillespie,  William  Gillespie, 
privates,  Co.  B.  Mustered  in  June  30,  1864.  (Transferred 
from  Co.  D,  Thirtieth  Maine  Infantry.)  Mustered  out  Oct. 
20,  1865. 

THE    FORTY-FOURTH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  and 
Rome  and  Dalton,  Ga.,  from  .April  7  to  Sept.  16,  1864,  for 
three  years.  Mustered  out  April  30,  1866.  Engaged  in 
battle  of  Nashville. 

James  E.  Skanks,  private.  Mustered  in  March  5,  1S64.  Mus- 
tered out  Oct.  20,  1S65. 

THE    EIGHTIETH    REGIMENT. 

This  regiment  was  organized  at  Port  Hudson,  La.,  Sept. 
I,  1863,  as  the  Eighth  Regiment  Infantry,  Corps  d'Afrique, 
for  three  years.  Designation  changed  to  Eightieth  Regi- 
ment April  4,  1864.  Mustered  out  March  i,  1867.  Engaged 
in  Siege  of  Port  Hudson,  La. 

Leonard  L.  Potter.  Commissioned  captain  July  17,  1S65.  Pro- 
moted major  by  brevet  May  21,  1866. 

Subsistence  Department  U.S.  Army. 

George  Freeman  Noyes.  Appointed  captain  commissary  of  sub- 
sistence, United  States  Volunteers,  April  21,  1S62.  Resigned 
March  22,  1864,  per  Special  Orders  124,  1864.  Served  on  staff 
of  General  Doubleday.  Was  brevetted  major,  lieutenant- 
colonel,  and  finally  colonel  for  gallant  and  meritorious  service 
during  the  war. 


H    « 


EASTPORT    IN    THE   WAR    OF    THE    REI!ELLION 


409 


Benjamin  L.  Chadbourne.  Appointed  captain  commissary  of 
subsistence,  United  States  Volunteers,  March  2,  1S64.  Re- 
ceived the  brevet  of  major.  On  duty  in  Washington,  D.C., 
at  the  office  of  the  Depot  Commissary  (General  (ieorge 
Bell,  commissary  of  subsistence,  U.S.A.,  in  ciiarge)  during 
the  early  part  of  1S64,  and  had  charge  of  company  savings. 
Later  on,  in  1864  and  during  1S65,  on  duty  in  office  Com- 
missary-General of  Subsistence,  in  charge  of  tlie  records  of 
examination  of  commissaries  of  subsistence  of  volunteers, 
and  was  a  valuable  assistant  to  the  Commissary-General  of 
Subsistence.      He  was  mustered  out  of  service  Sept.  i,  1.S65. 


■fl 

1 

1 

Regular  Army  of  the  United  States. 

THE    .SEVExVTH    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  by  act  of  Congress,  approved 
June  26,  1812.  Reorganized  by  consolidation  of  the  Eighth, 
Tenth,  Twenty-fourth,  Thirty-sixth,  Thirty-eighth,  and  Thirty- 
ninth  Regiments  of  Infantry,  approved  by  act  of  Congress 
March  3,  18 15.  It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles 
during  the  War  of  the  Rebellion :  Valverde,  N.M.,  Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville,  and  Gettysburg. 

William  Williams,  private.     Mustered  in  June  18,  1864. 


THE    ELEVENTH    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  by  direction  of  the  Presi- 
dent May  4,  1 86 1.  Confirmed  by  act  of  Congress  July  29, 
1861.  It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Gaines's 
Mill,  Bull  Run,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg, 
Wilderness,  Laurel  Hill,  Spottsylvania,  Petersburg,  and 
Weldon  Railroad. 


Benjamin  Webb,  private,  Co.    F. 
Missing  Sept.  12,  isr)4. 


Mustered   in    Feb.    14,    18C: 


4IO 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


IHK   THIRTEENTH    INFANTRY. 

This  resinient  was  organized  bY  direction  of  the  President 
May  4,  1 86 1.  Confirmed  by  act  of  Congress  July  29,  1S61. 
It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Chickasaw  Bayou, 
Arkansas  Post,  Walnut  Hills,  near  Vicksburg,  Siege  of 
Vicksburg,  Collierville,  Missionary  Ridge. 

Nathaniel  F.  Swett.  Commissioned  first  lieutenant  May  14,  1861. 
Died  at  Alton.  111.,  April  25,  1S62. 

THE  SEYENTEENTH  INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  by  direction  of  the  President 
May  4,  1S61.  Confirmed  by  act  of  Congress  July  29,  1861. 
It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles:  Gaines's  Mill, 
Hull  Run,  Fredericksburg,  Chancellorsville,  Gettysburg, 
Laurel   Hill,  Cold  Harbor,  and  Weldon  Railroad. 

Daniel   P.  Deering,  jirivate,  Co.  A.     Mustered  in  July  22,   1S61. 

Expiration  of  term  of  enlistment  July  29,  1S64. 
William   H.  Norwood,  private,  Co.  G.     Mustered  in  April  i,  1862. 

Discharged  for  disability. 

IHE    NINETEENTH    INFANTRY. 

This  regiment  was  organized  by  direction  of  the  President 
May  4,  1861.  Confirmed  by  act  of  Congress  July  29,  1861. 
It  was  engaged  in  the  following  battles  :  Shiloh,  Murfrees- 
boro,  Chickamauga,  Missionary  Ridge,  Resaca,  New  Hope 
Church,  Kenesaw  Mountain,  and  Atlanta. 

Joseph  Aiitricken,  private.  Mustered  in  April  24,  1862.  Expira- 
tion of  term  of  enlistment  April  25,  1865. 

James  A.  Ross,  private.  Mustered  in  I\Iarch  22,  1862.  Dis- 
charged June,   1863. 

PAY    DEPARTMENT    U.S.    ARMY. 

Henry  Prince,  major  and  paymaster,  U.S.A.  Brigadier-general. 
United  States  Volunteers,  April  28,  1862.     In  Northern  Vii- 


EASTPOKT    IN     THE    U'AK    OF     I  H  K    kKliKI.LION 


411 


j^inia  c:imj>ai;^n,  July  16  to  Auu;.  9,  1862,  bein^  t'liLiagecl  in  the 
battle  of  Cedar  Mountain  Au^.  9,  icSri2,  where  lic  was  capt- 
ured: as  prisoner  of  war.  August  9  to  DucembLr,  1S62.  In 
Nortli  Carolina  operations.  Jan.  1 1  to  June  24,  1863,  beint; 
enijaged  (in  command)  on  a  raid  into  Onslow  County,  March 
6-11,  1S63.  Demonstration  on  New  lierne,  Marcli  14.  iN''i3, 
and  pursuit  of  the  rebels,  March  15.  r6,  1.S63.  Defence  of 
barricade  in  Pamlico  River,  April  1-7,  1863.  Demonstration 
on  Kinston,  April  16-21,  1863,  and  in  command  of  the  Dis- 
trict of  Pamlico,  May  1  to  June  24,  1863.  In  [pursuit  of  the 
Rebel  Army  retreating  from  Maryland,  being  engageti  in 
action  at  Wapping  Heights,  \'a.,  July  23,  1S63.  In  the  Rap- 
idan  campaign,  Octoher-Deceml)er,  1863,  being  engaged  in 
several  actions,  October-November,  1863,  and  Mine  Run 
operations,  Nov.  26  to  Dec.  3,  1863.  In  command  of  Dis- 
trict of  Columbus,  Ky.,  April  28  to  Aug.  17,  1864.  J"  pursuit 
of  P'orrest's  Rebel  Raiders  in  Tennessee  and  Alabama,  Oc- 
tober-November, 1864.  In  command  of  a  Provisional  Divi- 
sion on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  January-May,  1865,  and 
on  courts-martial  at  Washington,  D.C.,  June  24,  1865,  to 
April  24,  1866.  Mustered  out  of  volunteer  service  April 
30,  1866.  Brevetted  lieutenant-colonel,  U.S.A.,  Aug.  9.  1862. 
for  gallant  and  meritorious  services  in  the  battle  of  Cedar 
Mountain,  \'a.  Brevetted  colonel,  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865, 
for  faithful  and  meritorious  services  during  the  war.  Bre- 
vetted brigadier-general,  U.S.A.,  March  13,  1865,  for  gallant 
and  meritorious  services  in  the  field  during  the  war. 
(Service  before  and  after  the  Rel)ellion  omitted.) 


ARMY. 
Roll  of  Honor. 

Bradbury.  Fred.  S..  private,  Co.  C,  Eleventh  Pennsylvania  Infan- 
try.    Died  Dec.  16,  1864. 

Bibber,  Gershom  C,  first  lieutenant,  Co.  K,  First  Maine  Heavy 
Artillery.     Killed  in  action  May  19,  1864. 

Carpenter,  Charles  W.,  private,  Co.  G,  Fifteenth  Maine  Infantry. 
Died  at  Brazos  Island.  'I'e.x..  Dec.  1,  1863. 


412 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Chambers,  Xathaniel  S.,  private,  Cu.  I),  First  Massacluisetts 
Heavy  Artillery.  Died  of  disease,  Patrick  Station,  V'a.,  Feb. 
1 6,  1S65. 

Coffin,  Albert  P.,  private,  Co.  K.  .Sixth  Maine  Infantry.  Died  at 
Alexandria,  Va.,  April  4,  1862. 

Corbett,  Ceorge  W.,  serijeant,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine  Infantry. 
Killed  at  Kappahannock  Station,  Va.,  Nov.  7,  1.^63. 

Corbett,  William  C,  corporal,  Co.  A,  First  Maine  Battalion  In- 
fantry.    .Murdered  Oct,  9,  1.S65. 

Collins,  Timothy,  private,  Co.  K,  First  Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 
Died  of  wounds  received  in  action  July  <j,   1864. 

Dean,  Jacob  M.,  private,  Second  Maine  Cavalry.  Died  at  Thiljo- 
deaux,  La.,  July  2,  1S64. 

Farrow,  Abner  S.,  private,  Co.  K.  First  Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 
Died  Oct.  28,  1863. 

Farron,  William,  private,  Co.  A,  First  Wisconsin  Infantry.  Died 
at  Andersonville  I'rison  Aug.  20.  1S64. 

Gardner,  Leslie  B.,  private,  Co.  D,  First  Maine  Cavalry.  Died  at 
Wasliington,  D.C.,  June  30,  1863. 

Gray,  John  A.,  color-sergeant,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine  Infantry. 
Killed  at  Rappahannock  Station,  \'a.,  Nov.  7,   1863. 

Hammond,  Charles,  private,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine.  Killed  at  Rap- 
pahannock Station,  V'a.,  Nov.  7,  1863. 

Hanniman,  Emil,  private,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine.  Wounded  at  Rap- 
pahannock Station.     Died  of  wounds  Nov.  12,  1863. 

Hatch,  William,  private,  Co.  H,  Ninth  Maine.  Died  of  disease 
July  I,  [863. 

Henry.  Charles  D.,  private,  Battery  A,  First  Maine  Light  Artil- 
lery.    Died  of  disease  Jan.  i,  1863. 

Henry,  William  O.,  private,  Co.  F,  Sixth  Maine  Volunteers.  Died 
Dec.  C>,  1863.     Buried  at  Military  Asylum. 

Hunter,  John,  private,  Co.  L,  Thirty-first  Maine  Infantry.  Died 
April  2,  1865. 

Johnson,  John,  Jr.,  corporal,  Co.  K,  Eighteenth  or  First  Maine 
Heavy  Artillery.  Died  of  wounds  received  in  action  June  19. 
1 864. 

Libhy.  John,  private,  Co.  G,  Sixty-ninth  New  York  Infantry.  Died 
of  wounds  received  in  action  Dec.  11,  1S62. 


EASTPORT    IN'    THI-:    WAK    Ol'    THE    REBELLION 


413 


McDiarmid,  George,  private,  Co.  I,  Twenty-eighth  Maine  In- 
fantry.    Died  of  disease  Aug.  21,  1.S63.  at  Indianapolis,  lud. 

Morang,  Joseph,  jjrivate,  Co.  H,  Twenty-sixth  .Maine  Infantry. 
Died  of  disease  at  New  Orleans,  La.,  June  21,  1S63. 

Morton,  John  E.,  first  lieutenant,  First  Battery.  Maine  Light  Artil- 
lery.    Killed  in  action  at  Cedar  Creek,  Va.,  Oct.  19,  1S64. 

Murrey,  Thomas,  private,  Co.  H.  Nineteenth  Maine  Infantry. 
Died  of  disease  .March  5,   1864. 

Newcomb,  Daniel  W.,  sergeant.  Co.  K,  Third  \e\v  York  Cavalry. 
Killed  in  action  July  26.  1S62. 

Norwood,  Nathaniel,  private,  Co.  H,  Twenty-si.\th  Maine  In- 
fantry.    Died  of   disease  at  Bayou  Boeuf,  La.,  .May  6,  1863. 

Potter,  George  P..  private,  P'irst  Maine  Heavy  Artillery.  Killed 
in  action  May  20,  1S64. 

I'reston,  Charles  K.,  private,  Co.  B,  Twelfth  .Maine  Infantry. 
Drowned  Ship  Island,  Miss.,  April  5,  1S62. 

Roach,  Thomas  P.,  captain,  Co.  K.,  Sixth  Maine  Infantry.  Died 
of  wounds  at  Washington,  D.C.,  May  28,  1S63. 

Robinson,  Edward,  private,  Co.  B.  Twelfth  Maine  Infantry.  Died 
at  New  Orleans,  La.,  July  i.  1S62. 

Robinson,  Israel,  sergeant,  Battery  A,  First  Maine  Light  .Artil- 
lery.    Killed  in  action  Cedar  Creek,  \'a.,  Oct.  19,  iN64. 

Roop,  James,  private,  Co.  A,  First  Maine  Battalion  Infantr\. 
Died  of  disease  July  7,  1865. 

Sabine,  George  W.,  lieutenant-colonel.  First  Maine  Heavy  Artil- 
lery. Died  May  28,  1865,  from  wounds  received  in  action 
June  17,  1864. 

Savage,  E.  H.,  private,  Co.  B,  .Second  California  Cavalry.  Miss- 
ing from  Dun  Glen  Nov.  12,  1865. 

Sears,    James,    private,    Co.    K,    First    Maine 
Died  of  wounds  received  in  action  Aug.  5 

Sears,    Richard,    private.    Co.    K,    First    Maine 
Killed  in  action  June   i,   1864. 

Sharkey,  Thomas,  corporal,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine  Infantry.  Killed 
at  Rappahannock  Station,  Va.,  Nov.  7,  1863. 

Smith,  Robert,  corporal,  Co.  K.  First  Maine  Heavy  .Artillery. 
Died  in  Philadelphia  December,  1864. 

Stanton,  Edwin,  private,  Co.  M,  First  Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 
Killed  in  action  June  18,  1SG4. 


Heavy    Artillery. 

1.SC4. 

Heavv   Artillery. 


414 


EASIJ'ORI-    AND    ]'ASSAMAOi;uDDV 


kVi 


Stayner,  James  E.,  second  lieutenant,  Co.  D,  First  Maine  Cavalry. 

Killed  in  action  March  31.  1S64. 
Stinson.  William,  private,  Co.  K,  Sixth  Maine   Infantry.     Missing," 

in  action  May  10,  1S64. 
.Swett,  ("■ilman  A.,  cor])oral,  Co.  1\,  Sixth  Maine  Infantry.     Killed 

at  Fredericksbuig,  Va.,  .May  3,  1S63. 
Swett.  Nathaniel    F.,   lirst  lieutenant,  Thirteentli    United    States 

Infantry.      Died  at  Alton,  111.,  April  25,  1862. 
Tuttle,  Calvin  G.,  private,  Co.  L,  Third  Massachusetts  Cavalry. 

Died  April  14,  1^63,  at  Baton  Rouge,  La. 
Tripp,  Albion    K.,  private,   Co.    i\.   First  .Maine  Heavy  Artillery. 

Died  of  disease  Dec.  22,  1.S64. 
Ward,  John   T.,  sergeant,  C^).   K,   First  .Maine    Heavy  Artillery. 

Died  of  disease  March  10,  1865. 
Whelpley,  Joseph,  second  lieutenant,  Co.  D,  First  Maine  Veteran 

X'okinteer    Infantry.      Died    of    wounds    received    in    action 

.March  25,  1S63. 
White,    Henry    ,\..,    private,    Co.    A,    .Sixteenth     .Maine    Infantry. 

.MissiuL;  in  action  June  7,   1S64. 
Woodward,   (jcorge   W.,   private,  Co.   H.  Ninth    .Maine   Infantry. 

Died  of  disease  April  4,   r-i;. 


!.[ 


'■-IS- 

-if 

In 


THE    NA\'Y. 

It  IS  now  my  pleasant  duty  to  point  with  a  just  and  honor- 
able pride  to  what  the  town  of  Eastport  did  in  furnishing 
officers  and  men  to  the  general  government  to  siipjiort  the 
navy.  From  time  immemorial,  the  great  extent  of  Maine's 
l)opulous  seacoast  has  always  induced  tlunisands  of  her  citi- 
zens to  embrace  the  mariner's  vocation  ;  and  the  breaking 
out  of  the  war  afforded  a  nursery  for  seamen  for  the  navy 
unequalled  upon  this  continent.  Fastp(Mt  dou])ly  earned  iiei 
proud  title  by  her  patriotism  and  the  gallant  achievements  ol 
her  sons.  Along  the  3,600  miles  of  coast  blockaded  by  our 
navy  and  on  the  thousand  bays,  inlets,  rivers,  and  oilier 
waters  of  our  nation,  her  stalwart  children  bravely  toiled  and 


EASTPOKI     IN     IHE    WAR    i)K     THK    RKl'.KI.I.Ii  )N 


4'S 


fought  with  unceasing  vigilance.  Without  invidious  compar- 
ison, it  may  be  said,  with  all  due  justice,  that  she  was  not 
behind  any  of  her  sister  towns  in  the  assistance  she  rendered 
in  putting  down  the  great  Rebellion.  The  following  list 
give  the  number  of  each  rank  l)orne  on  the  rolls  of  the 
navy,  and  includes,  in  addition  to  those  credited  to  Kastport, 
a  few  natives  oi  the  town  not  so  credited  :  — 


1.  f' 


Regulars. 

Edcs,  Robert  T.,  was  coniniissiDncd  as^istaIll  siiri^con,  L'.S.  Nav\. 
Jan.  24,  1SG2.  Original  entry  into  the  service  Sept.  30. 
iSfii.  P;ist  assistant  surgeon,  U..S.  Navy,  Ai)ril  24,  iS(')5. 
Resigned  May  31,  1S65.  Served  on  l)ark  "Horace  Deals," 
in  Western  Gull  lilockai.ling  Squadron  ;  on  steamer  '•  Hlaek 
Hawk '' (rlag  ship).  Mississippi  Squadron;  and  at  Xaval  Ho.s- 
pital,  Chelsea,  Mass. 

liarry,  Cicorge  J.,  third  assistant  engineer.  Service  prior  to  the 
Rebellion  omitted.  First  assistant  enL;ineer  July  1.  1S61. 
Cont,  led  chief  March  21.  1 S70.  to  date  from  Nov.  10, 
i8ri3.  Served  on  "Wabash.'"  ••  Weslernport,"'  "  Narragan- 
sett,"'  "  Adirondack,'"  •'  l\)ntoosuc,'"  and  "  California." 

Barry,  Patrick  H.,  third  assistant  engineer.  Enlisted  May  3.  iS''i2. 
Ordered  to  "Tioga"  Ahiy,  1SO2.  Condemned  by  medical 
survey  May  30,  18^)3.  Ordered  to  "  Canonicus  ""  July  22,  1S63. 
Died  at  Kastport  .\iil;.  i,  i8(')3. 


/  'oliiiitecrs. 

Langthorn,  .\mos  R.,  acting  master,  lailisted  December,  1S61. 
I'romotetl  acting;  volunteer  lieiitenaiU  Jan.  21;,  18^3.  Servec' 
on  ^b)rtar  flotilla  1862;  Mississippi  .Squadron  1863,  isrq. 
ukI  1SO5.  Honorably  discharged  as  acting  volunteer  lieuten- 
ant March  6,  1S66.  Was  acting  master  "  C.  I".  Williams"' 
(Porter's  Mortar  flotilla)  in  i8ri2.  as  acting  volunteer  lieu- 
tenant and  commander  "  Mound  City."'     Participated  as  com 


mauder  of  "Alabama"  in  line  .No. 


if  tlu 


lee:   coiuerned 


in  the  successful  attack  on  I"ort  fisher  July  15.  iS^^ 


/:  I 


416 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


'  f 


Folsom,  Charles,  acting  master.  Enlisted  Oct.  31,  1S61.  Served 
on  "State  Georgia''  1861  and  1S62.  Commanded  tug  "Dan- 
delion" 1S62-63.  Served  on  "Colorado"  1863-64.  Resigned 
as  acting  master  Feb.  8,  1S64. 

Crosby.  John  K.,  acting  master.  Enlisted  April  15,  1862.  Served 
on  "  Housatonic  "  until  she  was  sunk  by  "  David  "  torpedo, 
Charleston  Harbor,  Feb.  17,  1864.  Served  on  South  Atlantic 
Squadron  in  1864  and  1865.  Honorably  discharged  Sept.  16, 
(865. 

Baker,  Henry  R.,  acting  ensign  Aug.  1  i,  1862;  acting  master  July 
6,  1864;  ensign  March  12,  1868;  master  Dec.  16,  1868;  lieu- 
tenant March  21,  1870.     Retired  Dec.  2,  1876. 

Cony,  Joseph  S.,  acting  ensign.  Enlisted  Dec.  29,  1862.  Pro- 
moted acting  master  Sept.  7,  1S63.  Served  on  "  Shockokon  " 
1863;  North  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron  1864-65.  Rec- 
ommended for  promotion  for  gallantry  in  action  with  blockade 
runner  '•  Alexander  Cooper."  Commanded  boat's  crew  from 
"Shockokon"  off  Wilmington.  N.C.  As  acting  master  of 
steamer  "  Britannia  "  receives  mention  in  report  from  acting 
volunteer  lieutenant  James  Huse.  Was  executive  officer  "  Bri- 
tannia," and  temporarily  commanded  that  vessel  at  Beaufort. 
N.C,  during  illness  of  her  commander.  Participated  in  attack- 
ing party  on  Fort  Fisher  in  armed  boats  from  Fort  Jaciison. 
Honorably  discharged  as  acting  master  Nov.  7,  1865. 

Shackford,  William,  acting  ensign.  Enlisted  July  17,  1863.  Or- 
dered to  "Home"  Aug.  11.  1863.  Promoted  acting  master 
Oct.  27,  1864,  and  ordered  to  ironclad  "Nahant"  in  South 
Atlantic  Blockading  Sc[uadiun.  Honorably  discharged  Nov. 
1  I.  1865. 

Wheeler,  Frederick  L.,  acting  master's  mate.  Enlisted  March  5, 
1864.     Served  on  "  Wamsulta."     Resigneil  March.  1 5,  (.S65. 

Knox,  Daniel  E.,  acting  master's  mate.  Enlisted  Sept.  22,  1864. 
Ordered  to  "Wabash."  Served  on  "  Monticello."  Ctd.\ed 
to  "  Powhatan,"  then  on  board  "  X'anderbilt." 

Murphy,  Charles  J.,  acting  master's  mate.  Originally  enlisted  ai 
Boston  as  seaman  Sept.  24,  1861.  Was  slightly  wounded  in 
engagement  of  "  Wyoming"  with  the  Japanese  at  Simonosaki 
July  16,  1863,  and  received  honorable   mention  in  report  of 


EASTPORT    IN     IHE    WAR    OK     IIIK    REBELLION 


417 


Commodore  D.  McDougal  of  that  vessel  July  23,  1.S63.     Kn 
listed    Nov.   2,   1864.    as   acting  master's    mate.     Ordered    to 
"  Suwanee  "  Nov.  12,  1S64.     ( )rdered  to  Naval  Academy  May 
25,  1S67,  and  still  in  service  there  on  board  sloop  "  Dale  '"  as 
mate.     (See  service  as  "  seaman.") 

(Isley,  Edward  D.  Appointed  acting  assistant  paymaster,  U.S. 
Navy,  Aug.  18,  1862.  .Served  on  steam  gunboat  "Conestoga," 
Mississippi  Squadron,  Acting  Ivear-admiral  David  I).  Porter 
commanding.     Resigned  July  27,  1864. 

Wheeler,  Edmund  S.,  acting  assistant  paymaster.  Enlisted  Sept. 
24,  1S63.  Ordered  to  '•  Pampero."'  Monorably  discharged 
Oct.  31,  1865. 

Kinney,  Edward,  acting  third  assistant  engineer.  Enlisted  Aug. 
2.  1864.  Served  on  "Selma."  West  Gull  Squadron.  Pro 
moted  to  second  assistant  engineer,  and  ordered  to  "Cilide,"' 
West  (}ul{  Squadron.     Resigned  June  9,  iS'15. 

Birchell,  William,  cook.  Enlisted  Jan.  28,  1864.  lor  one  year. 
Served  on  ''Atlanta.'"     Discharged  Jan.  27,  1865. 


i 


Ashton,  Robert,  seaman.  Enlisted  July  15,  18O3.  lor  one  year. 
Served  on  ''  Passaic.'' 

Dates,  William  H.,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  7,  1864.  for  two  years. 
Served  on  "' Pontoosuc."     Missiiig  Aug.  13.  1864. 

Black,  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  Sept.  2,  1864.  Served  on  "  Ta- 
cony."     Discharged  from  hospital  Dec.  8.  1S64, 

Hogart,  Henry  R.,  seaman.  Enlisted  April  18,  i8'')i,  lor  three 
years.     Served  on  "  Wabash." 

Uowie.  James,  seaman.  Enlisted  Oct.  14,  1861.  tor  three  years. 
Served  on  "Morning  Eight  "  and  '•  Oneida.'" 

bowman,  Edwin  R.,  seaman.  Enlisted.  Sept.  30,  1862,  tor  one 
year.  Served  on  '■  Circassian '' and '•  Ossipee.'"  Disch;irL;t'd 
Oct.  21,  1863,  and  re-enlisted  for  three  years.  Was  bontswain 
on  "  Ticonderoga."  Was  quartermaster  "  TiconJeroga.'' .ind 
wounded,  left  leg  broken,  in  first  attack  I'ort  l•■l^her.  Dec.  24, 
1S64.  Received  metlal  for  gallantry  in  th.it  attack.  Dis- 
charged March  22.   1865.  Hospital.  Norfolk,  \'a. 

Bridges,  Josiah,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  6,  18O4.  Served  on 
"Pontoosuc.'"     Discharged  April  24,  1S65. 


m 


m  J 


418 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Bridges,  Mark,  seaman  Enlisted  (Jet.  25,  1S61.  Served  on 
"  Rachel  Seaman  "  and  "  Penobscot.'' 

Hrown,  Philip,  seaman.     Knlisted  April  i,  (S62. 

Brown.  William,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  11,  i860.  Served  on 
"  Constitution  "  and  '■  Richmond."     Died  June  22,  1861. 

Bryan.  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  Aug.  20.  1S62.  Served  on  -'Roe- 
buck." 

Chambers,  William,  seaman.  Enlisted  July  30,  1S62.  for  vear. 
Served  on  "  Oneida." 

Burns.  Daniel,  seaman.  Enlisted  May  10,  1S61.  Served  on 
•' Santee,"  "Ossipee,"  and  "Brooklyn." 

Case,  Richard,  seaman.  Enlisted  May  25,  1S61.  for  three  years. 
Served  on  ''Isaac  Smith'"  and  "Circassian."  Discharged 
July  7,  1863.  Re-enlisted  and  transferred  to  "  Vicksburg." 
North  Atlantic  Blockading  Squadron,  to  "  Minnesota."  Dis- 
charged Oct.  28,  1864. 

Conley.  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  Oct.  7,  1861.  Served  on  "  .Mid- 
night." 

Connelly,  George,  seaman.  Enlisted  Feb.  5,  [S61.  Served  on 
"Perry,"  "  Bienville,"  "Gov.  Buckingham,"  and  "  Brooklyn." 

Co.x,  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  Sept.  25,  1S62,  for  one  year.  Served 
on  "  Midnight.'"     Discharged  Oct.  26,  1863. 

Cunnal)le.  John  A.,  seaman.  Enlisted  March  19,  i8f)2.  Served 
on  "  Sebago."'     Discharged  Feb.  2.  1863. 

Curlinu;.  Richard,  seaman.  Enlisted  Sept.  i,  i860.  Served  on 
"  Richmond.'' 

Daggett,  James,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  ro,  1861.  Served  on 
•'Vincennes"  and  receiving  ship  at   Philadelphia. 

Daly.  Francis,  se.iman.  h'nlisted  July  6,  iSi)i.  Served  on  "Po- 
tomac" and  •' Oravetta."'     Discharged  Aug.  29,  1864. 

Dely,  Charles,  seaman.  T^nlisted  May  27,  1861.  Served  on  "Col 
orado." 

Diamond.  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  May  7,  1861.  Served  on 
"  Montgomery,"'  "Memphis."  and  "(lov.  BuckiuLtham."'  Dis- 
charged Nov.  29,  1864. 

Dowling,  John,  seaman.     Enlisted  Feb.  20,  1863. 

Dunn,  Francis,  seaman.  Enliste<I  Jan.  28,  1862.  Served  on 
''Cayuga.'"      Discharged  May  14,  1864. 


m  n 


m 


1      ! 


EASIPOKT    IN     IHK    WAR    .)F    THK    KEIiELl.IOX 


4'9 


Farrell,   John,    seaman.      Enlisted    Aug.    21,    1S60.      Served    on 

'•  Cumljerland."    as    quartermaster,    when    sunk    by   "  Merri- 

mac,"'   March  8,   1S62. 
Fifield,  Henry  P.,  seaman.     Enlisted  May  i,  iS6i,tor  three  years. 

.Served    on    -'Minnesota"    and    '•  Shawsheen."      Rc-eidisted 

March  2,  1S65.     Served  on  "'Supply."     Discharged  June  29. 

1 868. 
Flagg.    lulwin.   seaman.      Enlisted    Nov.    14,    1861,      Served    on 

••  Chocura."     Discharged  Dec.  16.  1X64. 
Flagg.    William,    seaman.     Enlisted    May    24,    1864.     Served    on 

■'Seminole"  as  coxswain.     Missing  Sept.  2.  1865. 
Forbes.    Edward,    seaman.     Enlisted    Feb.    5.    i8')2.     Served    on 

'•  Currituck.'' 
Ford,  Alfred,  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  13.  1S61.     Discharged  Aug. 

26,  1862. 
Franks,  George,  seaman.     Enlisted  April   15.   i'^64.     Transferred 

from  army.     Served  on  ".Mackinaw."     Died  Nov.  13,  1865. 
French,  lienjamin    F..  seaman.     Enlisted   Aug.  25,  1862.     Served 

on  "J.    P.   Smith.''     Discharged   March    16,   1863. 
Frill.  William,  seaman.     Enlisted  Feb.  7,  1S60.     Served  on  "  Ni- 
agara."    Discharged  Dec.  20,  1861. 
fiorham.  Wellington,  seaman.     Enlisted   July   6.    1864.     Missing 

July  2y,   r^i'M,  from    receiving  ship  ''Erie." 
(iorham,   William,  seaman.     Enlisted    Feb.  8,    1S62.     Served   on 

"  Colorado." 
Hall,    Silas     P.,   seaman.      Enlisted    May    5,    1864.      Served    on 

"  Chicopee  ■' and  •' Mattabessett."     Discharged  June  19.  1S65. 
Harrington,  John,  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  28.  1S62. 
Hickey,   William,  seaman.     Enlisted    Jan.   15,    1.S64.     Served    on 

'•  Wyalusing."     I-^nlisted  Oct.    15.   1864.  in  Thirty-first  Maine 

Infatitry. 
Hillman,    Richard,  seaman.     Enlisted   .Aug.   20,    1802.     Served  on 

"North    Carolina"  and    '■  Un.idill.i.''     Discharged    Sept.    17, 

1863.     Re-enlisti;d    Sept.    23.    1863.      Served    on    '•Niagara.'" 

Drowned  Feb.  <).  1  ^64. 
Hilyard,   Cliarles,  seaman.     Enlisted    Jan.    15,    1 S62.     Served    on 

"  \'ermont."    Boatswain's  mate  on  '•  Wissahickon."    Captured 

at   Fort  Sumter.  S.C  Sept.  s,  1X63.     Released   from   Libby 


i- 


iff 
■I 

•iff 


i 


420 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Prison  in  Octoljcr,  1S64.    Honorably  discharged  Nov.  2,  18G4. 
Three  years'  previous  service. 

Ingersoll,  Charles,  scannan.  Enlisted  Nov.  28.  1.S61.  Served 
on  "  Chocuni.''     Discharged  Nov.  5,  1864. 

Johnson,  Alexander,  seaman.  Enlisted  May  24.  iS^jI.  Served 
on  "Roanoke,"  "'Somerset,"  and  "J.  S.  Chambers.'"  Dis- 
charged June   13,  1S64. 

Johnson,  Gradis,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  12.  1861.  Served  on 
"  Vincennes." 

Johnson,  James,  seaman.  Enlisted  Nov.  5,  1.S61.  Served  on 
"Winona.'"     Discharged  Jan.  6,  1865. 

Kay,  Jacob,  seaman.  Enlisted  Nov.  2,  1861.  Served  on  "Saga 
more." 

Keifier,  George,  seaman.  Enlisted  April  ii.  i!>C)^.  Served  on 
■'  Brooklyn."'     No  further  record. 

Kelly,  Charles,  seaman.  Enlisted  Jan.  17,  1S61.  Served  on 
"Jackson."'     Discharged  Jan.   16,  1S65. 

Kelly,  John,  seaman.  Enlisted  Dec.  30,  18O1.  Served  on  "  Lan- 
caster." Quartermaster  of  "  Hartford  "  in  I S64.  Discharged 
Dec.  20.  1S64.  Had  eleven  and  one-half  years'  previous 
service. 

Kennard,  George,  seaman.  Enlisted  July  13.  1S62.  Served  on 
"  Powhatan  ''  and  "  Kansas." 

Kirnan,  William  H.,  seaman.  Enlisted  Dec.  3,  1863.  Served  on 
"Niagara,'"  "  Glaucus,"  "Hero."  Missing.  Returned  to  ves- 
sel Aug.  29,  18G4.  Transferred  to  "Michiight."  Discharged 
July  IS,  1865, 

Lambert,  Richard,  seaman.  Enli£;ted  Aug.  13.  1861.  Served  on 
"Sabine,"  "  Carondelet."  Discharged  Aug.  24,  1864.  Re- 
enlisted  Sept.  29,  1S64.  Served  on  "Little  Ada."  Missing. 
Returned  July  14,  1865.     Honorabl\  discharged  Sept.  7,  iSd;. 

Larkin,  Walter,  seaman.  Enlisted  Nov.  13.  1S61.  Served  on 
"  Winona  "' and  "  Penguin.""     Discharged  1864. 

Laten,  Charles,  seamar.  Enlisted  May  21,  t86i.  Served  on 
"  Colorado. ■■ 

Low,  George,  seaman.  Enlisted  Sept.  6,  1861.  Served  on 
"  Mount  Vernon." 

Matthews,  Samuel,  seaman.  Enlisted  May  22.  1862.  Served  on 
"Wabash."     Discharged  April  21,  1865. 


w 


TT 


EASIPORl-    IN    THE    WAR    UK    THE    REBEI.I.IOX 


421 


Matthews,  William  J.,  seaman.     Enlisted   Nov.  2,   1S61.     Served 

on  "  Sagamore.'' 
Miliiken,  Andrew,  seaman.     Enlisted    Aug.  3,   rS62.     Served    on 

'•Sylvia."     Discharged  Aug.  S,  1S63. 
Mitchell,    Charles,   seaman.     Enlisted    Oct.   <'i,    1S62.     Served    on 

"Juniata." 
Mitchell,  Matthew,  seaman.     Enlisted  May  22,  1861.     Served  on 

"  Louisville."     Discharged  June  29,  1864. 
Monroe,    Henry,   seaman.     Enlisted    Dec.    26,    1861.     Served    on 

•'  Hartford." 
Mooney,  Michael  J.,  seaman.     Enlisted  Dec.  7,  1S61.     Served  on 

•'Pursuit."     In  hospital  at  Key  West. 
.Morton.  Frederick,  seaman.     Enlisted  July  27,  1864. 
.Murphy,   Charles  J.,    seaman.      (See    service    .i.^    acting    master's 

mate.) 
Murphy,  Thomas,  seaman.     Enlisted    May  14,   1862.     Served  on 

"  Saranac  "  and  "Lancaster."     Missing  Nov.  24.  1S63. 
McBride.   John,    seaman.      I'.nlisted    Nov.    2,    1S62.      Served    on 

''Pembina.''     Discharged  Sept.  2,  1863. 
McDonald,  John,  seaman.     Enlisted  Sept.  21,  1864. 
McFarlane,  Hugh,  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  22,   1S62.     Served  on 

•' iMontauk."     Discharged  Oct.  26,  1863. 
McNeely,   John,  seaman.      Enli.sted   July    10,    1S60.      Served   on 

••Constitution"  and  "Richmond."' 
Nordstrom,  Charles  E.,  seaman.     Enlisted  June  4,  1861.     Served 

on    "Connecticut"    and    "  C'olorado."     Discharged    June    30, 

1S62. 
Owen,  James,  seaman.     I^nlisted  March  3,  1862.     Served  on  "San 

Jacinto,"  "St.  Lawrence,"  and  "  lieauregard." 
Pickell,   John    E.,  seaman.     Enlisted    Aug.  20,   1861.     Served  on 

'■  Fernandina."     Discharged  September,  1863. 
Pine,  Charles    H.,  seaman.     l-'.nlisted    Nov.   ti,    1861.     Served  'm 

•'Quaker  City."     Master  .it  arms  on '■  Wissahickon."     Capt- 
ured at  Fort  Sumter.     Discharged  Sept.  S,  1864. 
Quinn,    Thomas,    seaman.      Enlisted    Jan.    21,    18^)2,      F'romoted 

boatswain's  mate  of  "  Para."     Discharged    l'"eb.  1.4,  1865. 
Ramsay,  John    D.,  seaman.     Enlisted    May  7,   1S61.     Served  on 

•'  Daylight." 


lii 


422 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAM AQUODDV 


,1 


til 
m 


Served  on 

Served    on 

Served    on 
Killed   on 


Discharged 


Rice,  George    E.,   seaman.     Enlisted   Sept.  5,  1861.     Served   on 

South  lilockading  Squadron.     Discharged  Xov.  4,  rS62. 
Richardson,  (ieorgt,   seaman.     Enlisted  June   25,   1861.     Served 

on  "  Pensacola."     Died  Sept.  9.  1861. 
Robinson,  William,  seaman.     Enlisted  May  29,  1S61. 

•'  Roanoke.'' 
Rogers,    Henry,    seaman.      Enlisted   July    29,    1861. 

"  Louisiana." 
Sergeant,    John,    seaman.     Enlisted   May   20,    r86i. 

"Jamestown."'     Gunner's   mate   on  "Powhatan.' 

expedition  F^ort  Sumter  Sept.  8,  1S63. 
Sharpless,  George,  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  31,  1S61. 

Aug.  30,  1S62.     Re-enlisted.     Served  on  "San  Jacinto." 
Small,  Augustine,  seaman.     Enlisted   Jan.   27,   1862.     Served    on 

"Clifton."     Discharged  Nov.  4,  1862. 
Smith,    Charles,   seaman.     Enlisted    April    23,    1861.     Six   years' 

previous  service. 
Smith,  Charles,  seaman.     Enlisted  May  4,  1861. 
Smith,    Charles,    seaman.      Enlisted    Nov.    6,    1862.      Served    on 

"  Colorado." 
Smith,  Charles  H.,  seaman.     Enlisted  Nov.  6,   iSC^z.     Served  on 

Western  Flotilla. 
Spicer,    Henry,    seaman.      Enlisted    Xov.    23,    iS6o.      Served    on 

"  Macedonian  "  and  "Kennebec."     Discharged   Nov.  4,  1862. 
Sprague,  William  T..  seaman.     Enlisted  Dec.  3,  1861.     Served  on 

"  Sumter." 
Taylor,  Thomas,    seaman.      Enlisted    May    5,    1S61.      Served    on 

•'  Mississippi  "  and  "  Magnolia."     Discharged  Nov.  5,  1S63. 
Thompson,  George,  seaman.     Enlisted  July   [7,  1862.     Served  on 

"  Housatonic,"  "  Fernandina,"  "  Paul  Jones,"  and  "  Seminole." 

Killed  by  explosion  of  torpedo  in  Mobile  P)av  Au<^.  25,  1864. 
Turner,    Richard,    seaman.     I'.nlisted    May    5,    1864.     Served    on 

"Saratoga.'" 
Vaughan,    Peter,    seaman.     Enlisted    Jan.    25.    1865.     Served    on 

"  Naubuc.'"     Missing  May  24,  1865. 
Wannan.  James  R.,  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  15,  1862. 
Weir.  John,  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  9,  iHOo.     Served  on   "Cum- 
berland.""    Died  Dec.  30.   i86[  (.').     A  John  Weir  appears  by 


'^   1 


EASTPORT    IN'     IHK    WAR    OK     THK    RKIiELr.H  iN 


423 


record  to  have  been  coxswain  of  '■  Cumberland  '"  when  sunk 
by  "  Merriniac,"  March  8.  1862. 

Welsh,  Edward,  seaman.  Enlisted  June  16,  1S64.  Served  on 
"  Tacony,"  "  Chicopee,''  and  '•  Marbleliead."  Honorably  dis- 
charged July  9,  1867. 

White.  David,  seaman.  Enlisted  Nov.  15.  1S62.  Served  on 
"  Alabama." 


'f,. 


i  i  •    ' 


!     :     H 


n 


Allen,  Henry,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  .May  27,  1861. 

Anderson,  John,  ordinary  seaman.  Emisted  April  18,  1S61. 
Served  on  "  Mas'-achusttts  "  and  "  I  no.'*  Discharged  April 
15,   1865. 

Baker,  Thomas,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  May  30,  18O2. 
Served  on  "  Keystone  State." 

liarr,  James,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  April  23,  1S61.  Served 
on  ".Minnesota."     Discharged  April  22,  1864. 

Bassett,  Charles,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  Oct.  6,  1864.  Served 
on  ''Chippewa."     Discharged  1865. 

Boyd,  Joseph,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  May  1  7,  1864.  Served  on 
"  Saratoga."  "  Corwin,"  and  "  Don."    Discharged  May  16.  1867. 

Bugbee,  Henry  S.,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  Aug.  22,  iS6t. 
Served  on  ''  Mohican  "  and  "  Keystone  State." 

Coleman,  Joseph,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Jan.  3,  1862. 

Clark,  Edwin  T.  C,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  Oct.  14.  i8r)i. 
Served  on  "Maria  Wood."     Discharged  Aug.  5,  1862. 

Dees,  Clement  (colored),  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  June  6,  1864. 
Served  on  "  I'ontoosuc."  Missing  July  22.  1865.  Was  rec- 
ommended for  medal  of  honor  for  gallantry,  skill,  and  cool- 
ness in  action  during  operations  in  and  about  Cape  Fear 
River  Dec.  24,  1864,  to  Feb.  22,  1865. 

Diamond,  James,  seaman.     Enlisted  Dec.  7,  18C1. 

Dickinson,  George  G.,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  June  14,  1864. 
Served  on  "  I'ontoosuc."'     Discharged  Aug.  22,  1865. 

Dudley,  William,  ordinary  seaman.  ICnlisled  April  23,  1862. 
Served  on  "  Florida."     Discharged  April  22,  1864. 

Ferguson,  William  H..  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  Dec.  1,  1864. 
Served  on  ''Connecticut  "  and  '•  Bat." 

Field.  Charles  A.,  ordinary  seaman.  Enlisted  Feb.  ().  1862.  Served 
on  "  Kennebec  "  and  "  Portsmouth."" 


424 


EA5TP0RT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


! 


Foster,  James,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  May  12,  1864.     Served 

on    "Saratoga"  and    "New  Hampsiiire.''      Missing  May  2, 

1865. 
Frost,  William    H.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted    Aug.    31,    1S61. 

Served  on  "  Hendrick  Hudson."     Discharged  Sept.  2,  1S63. 
Gallagher,  Thomas  E.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  11,  1862. 

.Served  on  •'  New  Ironsides."     Discharged  August,  1864. 
Galvin,  Daniel,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Dec.  20,  i860.    .Served 

on  "  Macedonian." 
Gookin,    John    M.,  ordinary  seaman.      Transferred   from  Co.  B, 

Seventh  Maine  Regiment,  to  Co.  B,   First  Maine   Regiment 

Veteran    Infantry.     Transferred    to  the  navy  April   15,   1864. 

Served  on  •'  Mackinaw." 
Grayson,  Edward  T.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  25,  i860. 

Served  on  ''  Powhatan."     Disclisrged  July  28,  1863. 
Griffin,    John    W.,   ordinary    seaman.      Enlisted    April    15,    1864. 

Transferred  from  army  to  Ea.st  Gulf  Squadron.     Served  on 

•'  Fort  Henry  "  and  "  Howgaat." 
Griffin,    Lawrence,   ordinary   seaman.      Enlisted    Jan.     15,     1862. 

Served  on   "  Kennebec ''    and    "  Nightingale."      Discharged 

June  16,  1S64. 
Griffin,    Levi,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  28,  1861.     Served 

on  "  Keystone  State  "  and  "  Powhatan." 
Harris,  Thomas,  ordinary  seaman.    Enlisted  Jan.  24,  1862.    Served 

on    "Vermont,"   "  Sarali    Bruen."   and    "Richmond."       Dis- 
charged June  13,  1864. 
Hayden,  Charles,  ordinary  seaman.    Enlisted  Jan.  5,  1863.    Served 

on    "  Lackawanna."       Promoted    yeoman.      Wounded,    right 

leg  broken,  while  passing  forts  in  Mobile  Bay,  Aug.  5,  1864. 
King,    James    W.,    ordinary    seaman.       Enlisted    April    8,    1862. 

Transferred  to  •'  Cairo." 
Mangum,     Hugh,    ordinary    seaman.       Enlisted    April    18,    1S64. 

Transferred    from   army,   Co.   K,  Sixth  Maine,  to  East  Gulf 

Squadron,  May  7,  1864.     Served  on  "  San  Jacinto." 
Marsh,    Edward,    ordinary    seaman.       Enlisted    Aug.    22,     1862. 

Served  on  "Augusta."     Missing  Jan.  7,  1S63. 
Marshall,   Lawrence  S.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  May  9,  1862. 

Served  on  "  Pampero  "  and  "  i'ort.smoutii."     Discharged  July 

28,  1864. 


'i 


! 


EASTPORT    IX    THE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


425 


Matthews,    Satnuel,   ordinary   seaman.      Enlisted    May  19,  1862. 

Served  on  "  San  Jacinto." 
Moran,  George,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Feb.  3,  1S62.    Served 

on  "  Horace  Beals  "  and  "  Onondaga." 
Morang,   George,    ordinary    seaman.       Enlisted   Aug.    13,    1.SG2. 

Served  on  "  Wyandotte." 
.Myers,   John    H.,   ordinary   seaman.       Enlisted   Sept.    30,    1S62 

Served  on  "Sabine,"  '■  Florida,"  and  ''Union."     Discharged 

Oct.  4,  1863. 
McGibbon,   John,    ordinary   seaman.       Enlisted    Sept,    9,    1861. 

Served  on  Mississippi  Squadron.     Discharged  Feb.  17,  1863. 
Newman,    William,   ordinary    seaman.       Enlisted     May    9,    1864. 

Transferred  from  army.     Served  on  "O.  M.   Pettit,"  "New 

Hampshire,"  and  "  Lenopee."     Discharged  July  11,  1866. 
Orff,  William,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Jan.  29,  1S62.     Served 

on  •'  William  Bacon  "  and  "  T.  A.  Ward."     Discharged  Feb. 

27,  1865. 
Patterson,  William  H.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  12,  1861. 

Served  on  "Connecticut.''     Discharged  June  24,  1862. 
Pine,  William    S.,   ordinary   seaman.      Eidisted    April    iS,    1864. 

Transferred  from  army.      Served  on    "  Commodore    Perry." 

Discliarged  July  7,  1865. 
Rankin.   Alexander,  ordinary  seaman.      Enlisted    Oct.    31,    1S63. 

Served  on  "Pequot."'     Missing  Jan.  28,  1864. 
Riley,  James,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Sept.  14,  1S64. 
Robinson,    William,   ordinary   seaman.     Enlisted    Oct.    21,    1861. 

Served   on    •'  Rachel    Seaman  "    and    "  (irand    Gulf."       Dis- 
charged May  20,  1 866. 
Scott,  Henry  J.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  July  31,  1863.     Served 

on    "Arkansas,"  "  Chocura,"  and   "Fear  Not."     Discharged 

July  30,  1866. 
Shannon.  Jeremiah,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Oct.  12.  iS6r. 
Short,    Edward   J.,   ordinary    seaman.     Enlisted    April    18,    18O4. 

Transferred   from   army.      Served    on    "  Governor    Bucking- 
ham "  and  "  Powhatan."     Discliarged  Aug.  24,  1S65. 
Southerland,   John,    ordinary   seaman.      Enlisted   June    10,    1.S61. 

Served  on  "  St.  Lawrence." 
Tracy,  Thomas,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  July  12,  i36t.    Served 


11 


I*^'  if   - 


i 


H 

i 

'■'1 

1 

1] 

426 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


m 


on  "  Cumberland.  '     Was  lost  when  that  vessel  was  sunk  hy 

"  Merrimac/"  March  8,  1S62. 
Waters,    James,    ordinary    seaman.        Enlisted     May  S62. 

Served  on  "  Keystone  State.'"     Missing,  hut  found.        orved 

on  ''.Massachusetts.'"     Discharged  May  29,  1S65. 
Welsh,    William,    ordinary    seaman.      Enlisted    Aug.    27,    t86o. 

Served  on  "  Powhatan  '"  and  "Catskill." 
White,  James,  ordinary  seaman.      Enlisted    Dec.   19,  1861.     Dis- 
charged Jan.  6,  1865. 
Wiggins,  George  W.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  Aug.  15,  1S61. 

Served  on  "  Richmond."     Discharged  Sept.  9,  1.S64. 
Wilson,  Eugene  A.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted   Aug.    15,    1861. 

Served  on  "  Gemsbok.'" 
Winchester,  George  L.,  ordinary  seaman.     Enlisted  April  iS,  1S64. 

Transferred    from    army.       Served   on    "  Brandyuine  '"    and 

"  Tacony."'     Missing  July  29,  1865. 
Winchester,  James  E.,  ordinary  seaman.     Transferred  fr       army. 

Missing  from  receiving  ship  at  Baltimore  Nov.  30, 


.Armstrong,  John  W.,  landsman.  Enlisted  .Xug  16,  1S64.  Cred- 
ited to  Ellsworth.  Served  on  "  Stockdale.'"  Discharged 
Sept.  17,  1865. 

Balkam,  William,  A.,  landsman.  Enlisted  Oct.  27,  1862.  Served 
on  "  Colorado'"  and  '■  Lafayette."     Discharged  Oct.  8.  1863. 

Black,  Thomas,  landsman.  Enlisted  May  30,  1S62.  Served  on 
"  Keystone  State." 

Burke,  Joseph,  landsman. 

"  Albatross,"  "  Sciota,'"  and  "  Potomac." 
5.  1S64. 

Hurnham,  Thomas,  landsman.     Enlisted   July   20.    1863. 
on  *'  Bainbridge.'" 

Capen.  Edward,  landsman.  Enlisted  Sept.  21,  1863.  Served  on 
"  Ethan  Allen.""     Discharged  June  14.  1865. 

Claridge.  Joseph  S.,  landsman.  Enlisted  Nov.  14,  i860.  Served 
on  "  Saratoga  "  and  "  De  Soto."  Served  as  apothecary's  stew  - 
ard  on  "  Sun  Flower."'  Discharged  Dec.  29,  1863.  Afterward 
enlisted  in  Third  Maryland  Cavalry  as  assistant  surgeon. 

Collins,   John,    landsman.     Enlisted    Aug.    5,    1861.      Served    on 


Enlisted    Nov.   13,    1861.     Served  on 
Discharged  March 

Served 


'^ 


MB 


EASTPORT    IN     IHE    WAR    OF    THK    REIlKI.LHiN 


427 


'•  Congress 


Mcrrimac,"    March    N,    1862. 


when    sunk    by 

Discharged  June  7,  1S62. 
Concannon.  John,  landsman.     Enlisted  July  9,   1861.     Served  on 

"Cumberland''  when   sunk   by  "  Merrimac,"  March  S,   i8(')2. 

Was  saved. 
Uuross,   James,    landsman.      Enlisted   Jan.   6,    1865.     Served    on 

"  Circassian,'  "  Winnefried,"    ''  Stonewall."   "  Swatara,"   and 

"Shamrock."'     Discharged  July  13,  1S68. 
Eastman,  William,  landsman.     Enlisted    June    12,   1S61.     Served 

on  ■'  Colorado." 
Eldridge,  Amos,  landsman.     Enlisted  Aug.  25,  1864.     Credited  to 

"  Rockland."      Served   on   "  Sabine."      Discharged    Aug,    5, 

1865. 
Gray,  John   W.,  landsman.     Enlisted    Oct.    2,    18C1.     Served    on 

"Florida."     Discharged  Oct.  28,  1S62. 
Gray,    Samuel,  landsman.     Enlisted    Dec.   20,    i860.     Served    on 

•'St.   Mary's,"  on  receiving  ship  at  New  York  in  1863. 
Hamilton,  Alexander,  landsman.     Enlisted  Dec.  28,  1S64.    Served 

on  "  Circassian.'"     Missin.:  June  10,  1865. 
Harrison,  Thomas  M.,  landsmis '      Enlisted  May  18,  1861,    Served 

on  "  South  Carolina." 
Hazen,  Edward  S.,  landsman.     Enlisted  Nov.  7,  1862.     Served  on 

"Huron."'     Discharged  Dec.  31,  1863.     Re-enlisted  April  20, 

1864.     Served  on  "  Pontoosuc  "'  and  "  Galatea.'" 
Hyde,  Michael,  landsman.     Enlisted  Aug,  26,  1SO2. 
Leavens,  George,  landsman.     Enlisted  Feb.  10,  1862. 
Murphy,  Harrison  L..  landsman.    Enlisted  Sept.  21,  1863.    Served 

on  "  Ethan  Allen."     Discharged  Oct.  30,  1864. 
Murphy,  Thomas,  landsman.     ICnlisted    March  3,    1862.     Served 

on  "  Baron  de  Kalb  ""  in  Western   Flotilla.     Promoted  to  ordi 

nary  seaman.     Killed  at   Fort  Pemljerton,  Ya/.oo  E.\])edition. 
.Nicholson,  James,  landsman.     Enlisted  Jan.  4,  1865. 
(2uinn,  John,  landsman.     Enlisted  Aug.  27,  1862. 
Room,  Edward  L.,  landsman.     Enlisted  May  29,  1S61.     Served  on 

"  Nightingale.'"     Discharged  July  26,  1S62. 
Smith,  Abiel  T„  landsman.     Enlisted  Jan.   16,   1864.     Served  on 

"  Agawam." 
Sparrow,  John,  landsman.     Enlisted    June    13,   1S64.     Served    on 

"Pontoosuc."     Missing  Aug.  10,  1864. 


Ih: 


:} 


428 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


I," ; 


•It 


Train,    Peler,    landsman.      Enlisted    Oct.    23,    1861.     Served    on 

■'Santiago  de  Cuba"  and  prize  "  Victoria."    Discharged  Aug. 

28,  1S63. 
Vanner,   Daniel,  landsman.     Enlisted   Nov,    i,  1862.     Served  on 

"Colorado"  and  "Lafayette."     Discharged  Nov.  9,   1S63. 
Volger,  John,  landsman.     Enlisted  Sept.  2,  1S64. 
Willianis,  John,  landsman.     Enlisted  July   26,  i860.     Served   on 

"  Constitution  "  and  "  Richmond."     Killed  at  Port  Hudson,  La. 
Winn,  James,  landsman.     Enlisted  May  3,  1861. 

Hunter,  John,  tirst-class    boy.     Enlisted    June    14,    1864.     Served 

on  "  Pontoosuc."     Discharged  May  27,  1865. 
Miller,  George,  first-class  boy.     Enlisted  Dec.  6,  1864. 
Parker,  George,  first-class  bo}.      l\nlisted  .Sept.  13,  i'S(')3.     .Served 

on  "  J'.than  Allen."     Discharged  Oct.  30,  1864. 
Doyle,  James,  first-class  fireman.     Enlisted  Oct.  17,  18^14.     Served 

on  "  San  Jacinto,"  "  Proteus,"  and  "  Magnolia." 
Doyle,    Michael,    first-class    fireman.      Enlisted    April    23.    i860. 

Served  on  "Pawnee"  and  •' Tiiscarora." 
Fitch,  Henry,  first-class  fireman.     I'.nlisted  June  6.  1864.     Served 

on  "  Pontoosuc."     Missing  July  7,  1864. 
Gayhan,  James    H.,    tirst-class    fireman.      Enlisted    Jan.   13,   1863. 

Served  on  "  Weehavvken."     Reported    missing   when   "  Wee- 

liawken"  was  sunk.  Dec.  6,  1864. 
Jone.s,    William,    first-class    fireman.      Enlisted    .Sejjt.    17.    1S64. 
.Mahon\-,    Charles,    first-class    fireman.     Enlisted    Aug.    31,    1863. 

Served  on  "  Niagara  "  and  "  Wateree.'' 
Smith,    George    \L,   first-class    fireman.      Enlisted    July    15.    18O3. 

Served  on   "  Montgomery."' 
Berwick,  Charles,  second-class    fireman.      lOnlisted  Jan.  21,   1865. 

Servi'd    on    "Connecticut,"    '•  Wachusett,"    and    "Hartford.'' 

Honorably  discharged  Aui>;.  14,  1868, 
David,  Sewartl   B.,  second-class  lireman.     Enlisted  Oct.  17,  1863. 

Served  on  "  Acicia."      Discharged  Nov,  24,  1864, 
Alexan<ler,    Richard    H,,    coal-heaver.       Enlisted    Eeli,    |S,    iS^j. 

Served  on  "  Kensington." 
Cosh,   .Michael,  coal-heaver,     i'.nlisted    Eel),   I,    1862,     Served   ow 

"Chocura,"     Dischargetl   Feb.  27,  1865. 


■ir  '^  : 


EASTPORT    IX    THE    WAR    OV     THE    REBELLION 


429 


Doyle,  James,   coal-heaver.     Enlisted  April   17,  1S61.     Served  on 

•'  Mississippi  "  and  "  Arizona.'' 
Jolmson,  James,  coal-heaver.     Enlisted  Jan.  12,  1864.     Served  on 

"  Canonicus."     Discharged  Feb.  14.  1S65. 
McCormick,  John,  coal-heaver.     Enlisted    Aug.  5,    1S62.     Served 

on  "  Ossipee.'" 

Additional  Names. 

Skanks.  James.     Enlisted  Aug.  28,  1862.     Served  on  ''Jane"  and 

"Young  Rover.'" 
Bridges,  Putnam;  Irvin,  Elisha.     No  definite  information  obtained. 
P^olsom,  Joseph.     Served  on  "  Henry    Bunker."     Woods.  James. 

Served  on  "  Cumberland."     Impossible  to  collect  further  data 

concerning  these  names. 

N'AVV. 

Roll  of  Honor. 

Barry.  Patrick  H.,  third  assistant    engineer.     iJied    at    Eastport, 

Me.,  Aug,  I,  1863. 
Franks,  George,  seaman  on  "  Mackinaw."     Died  Nov.  13,  1865. 
Gayhan,  James  H.,  (irst-class    fireman.     Reported    missing  wiien 

•'  Weehawken  "  was  sunk,  Dec.  6.  1864. 
Millman,  Richard,  seaman  on  "  Niagara."     Drowned  Feb.  9.  1864. 
Murphy,  Thomas,  landsman  on  "Baron  de  Kalb.'"     Killed  at  Fort 

Pemberton  on  Ya/.do  Ex[)edition. 
Kichardson,    (ieorge,    seaman    on    "  Pensacola."'      D'ed    Sept.    9. 

1 86 1. 
Sergent,  John,  seaman  on  •'  Powhatan."     Killed  Sej;!.  8,  1803,  on 

expedition  Fort  Sumter,  S.C. 
rhomi)son,  George,  seaman  on  "Seminole."     Killed  by  explosion 

of  torpedo  in  Mobile  Bay,  Aug.  25,  1864. 
Weir,  John,  seaman  on  "Cumberland."     Died  Dec.  30,  1861. 
Williams,    John,    landsman    on    •'  Richmond."       Killed    at     Port 

Hudson,  La. 


ill ! 


1  ,     •    '! 


prt  .  ■       f 


The  difficult  task  of    i;)reparing  this  chapter  on   l^astport 
in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion  was  undertaken  at  the  earnest 


43° 


EA?TPOK'r    AND    I'ASSAMAQUODDY 


J    !  • 


solicitation  of  the  compiler  and  publisher  of  this  interesting 
work  on  Eastport.  In  its  preparation,  I  have  been  enabled 
to  give  almost  an  exact  reproduction  (or,  in  other  words,  as 
much  as  the  space  in  this  chapter  will  allow)  of  the  work 
prepared  and  presented  by  me  to  the  town  of  P'astport  in 
1872.  This  chapter  contains  a  record  of  those  citizens  of 
Eastport  and  natives  of  the  town  removed  therefrom  who 
assisted   in   the  war  for   the   suppression   of   the    Rebellion. 


MBMi'KIAI.    HAM,,     Iflll     iS^X. 


both  in  the  army  and  navy  ;  and  its  preparation  has  involved 
the  expenditure  of  considerable  valuable  time.  In  each 
stage  of  the  progress  of  this  chapter,  names  forgotten  or 
which  were  altogether  new  and  unexpected  came  to  light. 
which  necessitated  a  lengthy  and  oftentimes  unsatisfactory 
search,  to  trace  the  military  or  naval  history  of  each.  Also. 
at  every  stage,  there  appeared  smne  new  matter  of  which 
no  accou:.c  had  been  taken  at  the  outset,  but  which  it 
seemed  eminently  proper  and  fitting  should  be  inserted,  a'^ 


EASTPORl     IN     IHE    WAR    OK    THK    REIiELLION 


431 


shedding  more  light  on  the  record  and  adding  to  its  com- 
pleteness. 

It  gives  the  names,  rank,  promotion,  etc.,  of  each  jK-rson 
from  Eastport  who  entered  the  military  or  naval  service,  and 
as  complete  a  record  of  casualties  as  can  be  furnished.  Be- 
sides, it  gives  a  brief  history  of  each  regiment  (compiled 
from  official  records)  in  which  the  persons  so  named  served. 
The  record  herein  given  simj:)ly  covers  the  War  of  the  Re- 
bellion, all  service  prior  to  and  subsequent  to  the  Rebellion 
being  omitted. 

In  the  work  originally  prepared  (which  I  have  heretofore 
alluded  to  as  being  almost  exactly  reproduced  here),  I  was 
ably  assisted  by  the  annual  printed  reports  emanating  from 
the  war  and  navy  departments,  and  from  the  ofifices  of  the 
adjutants-general  of  such  States  as  numbered  Eastport  men 
among  their  volunteers ;  and  where,  in  the  case  of  men  who 
served  in  the  army,  the  record  was  still  incomplete,  corre- 
spondence was  had  with  such  adjutants-general  to  supply  the 
deficiency,  and  from  each  of  them  (with  but  one  exception) 
satisfactory  answers  were  received.  Wherever,  too,  the 
memory  of  the  writer,  or  that  ui  any  other  person  to  whom 
they  were  familiar,  supplied  any  facts,  they  were  inserted, 
it  being  thought  better  to  thus  give  them  a  |)ermanent  place 
before  they  faded  from  recollection. 

With  respect  to  the  navy  enlistments,  much  diiiiculty  was 
e.xperiencf'd,  it  having  been  found  impossible,  in  many  cases, 
to  obtain  any  certain  or  defined  data  to  be  used  as  a  clew 
or  starting-point  from  which  the  recortl  of  the  person  while 
in  the  naval  service  might  be  evolved.  Hence  ii  is  that  in 
a  few  cases  the  only  indication  that  can  be  given  in  this 
chapter  thai  the  persons  served  in  the  navy  is  by  the  siini^le 
insertion  of  their  names.  Not  having  hail  in  their  cases 
either  the  date  of  enlistment  or  the  date  when  performing 
service  on  board  of  and  borne  on  the  rolls  of  a  nav\-  vessel, 


43: 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDV 


it  was  impossible  to  distinguish  tiieni  from  the  scores,  and 
even  hundreds,  bearing  similar  or  nearly  similar  names, 
which  occur  among  the  thousands  enlisted  during  the  war ; 
and,  consequently,  the  only  resource  left,  if  the  names  were 
to  appear  at  all,  was  to  simply  insert  them  in  the  proper 
places,  and  make  this  explanatory  mention. 

Another  difficulty  in  tracing  the  history  of  the  men  who 
enlisted  in  the  navy  (particularly  that  part  of  it  relating  to 
their  final  disposition)  arises  from  the  fact  of  the  existence 
of  the  war  itself.  Muster-rolls  from  vessels  constantly  in 
action  were  forwarded  irregularly  to  the  department,  and. 
even  when  forwarded,  were  too  often  hurriedly  and  care- 
lessly made.  Up  to  1863,  they  embraced  no  descriptive 
lists.  So,  in  examining  them,  unless  it  was  actually  known 
that  the  man  whose  name  was  sought  was,  at  the  particular 
time  which  the  roll  covered.  ser\ing  on  the  vessel,  it  was 
impossible  to  decide  with  certainty  whether  a  name  found 
thereon  answering  to  his  was  reallv  his  or  that  of  another 
and  far  different  person.  Then,  again,  the  description  on 
the  enlistment  returns  in  many  cases  only  gives  the  State 
where  born,  and  not  the  town  or  city;  and,  as  there  were,  no 
doubt,  some  who  entered  the  service  claiming  Eastport  as 
their  birthplace,  but  whose  place  of  birth  on  the  return  is 
simply  entered  "  Maine,"  and  others  who,  while  claiming  the 
town  as  their  home,  were  yet  born  beyond  its  limits,  it  is 
not  only  possible,  but  probable,  that  through  such  deficiency 
names  have  been  overlooked. 

To  make  the  record  here  given  as  full  and  complete  and 
as  nearly  perfect  and  accurate  as  possible  has  been  my 
constant  and  untiring  aim  since  entering  upon  the  work. 
And  when  the  nature  of  the  task  is  considered,  and  that 
the  data  to  guide  my  researches  were  in  many  cases  only 
uncertain  and  unsatisfactory;  when,  too.  it  is  remembered 
from  how  many  distinct  and  separate  sources  the  inform .1- 


EASTPORT    IN    THE    WAR    OF    THE    REBELLION 


433 


and 
my 

I'ork. 

I  that 
,nly 
:iccl 
ina- 


E  ,; 


vj 


tion  has  been  gleaned,  and  the  many  hours  of  patient  labor 
required  to  collate  and  properly  arrange  the  materials  in 
their  present  form, —  it  will  be  admitted,  I  think,  that,  even 
if  I  have  not  succeeded  in  bringing  the  record  up  to  that 
degree  of  perfection  which  I  or  my  friends  could  wish,  I 
have  at  least  succeeded  in  preparing  a  fuller  report  of  the 
standing  of  Eastport  with  respect  to  the  service  rendered 
by  her  sons  during  the  war  than  was  ever  before  had,  and 
that  its  accuracy  rests  mainly  upon  official  records, —  the 
surest  to  be  perpetuated. 

The  task  now  completed  was  entered  upon  and  performed 
solely  as  a  labor  of  love;  though,  in  the  progress  of  the 
work,  I  own  to  have  been  stimulated  and  encouraged  to 
make  still  greater  exertions,  and  make  the  record  yet  more 
perfect  and  full  than  was  at  first  intended,  by  a  feeling  of 
pride  in  my  native  town, —  glorying  as  1  did  (and  do)  in  the 
noble  contribution  she  made  during  those  four  years  of 
strife,  and  in  the  part  which  her  sons  took  in  making  future 
history.*  And  if,  whenever  occasion  calls  for  an  examination 
of  the  pages  which  precede  these  remarks,  the  one  whose 
labor  prepared  them  receives  a  kindly  remembrance,  and 
he  is  thus  recalled  to  the  memory  of  any  of  his  old  towns- 
men and  friends  from  whom  he  has  been  separated  for 
these  many  years,  he  will  feel  himself  amply  repaid  for  all 
the  trouble  he  has  undergone  and  all  the  labor  perfoi.ned. 

The  information  contained  in  the  original  record,  from 
which  this  chapter  is  prepared,  so  far  as  relates  to  the  navy, 
was  furnished  by  my  friend,  Dernanl  T,  Hanley,  deceased, 
formerly  of  Robbinston,   Me. 

}vi.\  4,  rSSS. 

•The  .ipiiroximale  estimalL'  of  iroops  of  all  descriptions  fiiruislied  liy  llic  town  of 
Eastport  during  the  war  was  403,  and  amount  paid  for  bounties,  etc.,  5'^io,37o.  Tins  does 
not  include  near  three  hundred  men  serving  in  the  navy  or  natives  of  Eastport  serving 
in  the  regiments  of  other  States. 


:  t    ' 
•  S     it} 

hi 


CHAPTER   XII. 

COLONEL   JOHN    ALLAN. 

In  the  harbor  of  Eastport,  michva)'  between  its  wharves 
and  Lubec,  lies  one  of  the  satellites  of  Moose  Lsland,  orig- 
inally known  as  Dudley  Island  ;  and  under  these  names  botli 
were  intimately  associated  in  the  diplomatic  correspondence 
and  treaties  connected  with  the  early  bf)undary  disputes.  Of 
the  latter,  the  first  proprietor  was  Colonel  John  Allan  ;  and. 
at  the  end  of  a  career  which  had  in  it  many  elements  of 
romance,  he  was  buried  in  its  soil.  He  gave  it  the  name 
it  first  bore,  in  compliment  to  his  friend,  Paul  Dudley  Sar- 
gent, a  descendant  of  the  stock  which  furnished  two  Gover- 
nor Dudleys  to  the  colony  of  Massachusetts  Bay.  When  the 
Allans  made  the  island  their  home,  and  for  many  years  after- 
ward, it  was  known  as  Allan's  Island.  Since  then  it  has 
taken  on  other  names,  with  changing  proprietors,  who  have 
also  passed  away  ;  but  it  is  called  Allan's  Island  in  the  legis- 
lative enactments  of  the  State  of  Maine.  The  public  services 
of  its  first  proprietor  were  of  such  marked  character  that  his 
name  ought  not  to  be  forgotten.  It  enjoys  the  peculiar 
distinction  of  being  written  into  the  act  of  incorporation  of 
the  town,  but  it  ought  also  to  have  a  place  in  the  local  land- 
scape ;  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  the  island  of  his  home  and 
burial  will  in  the  future  be  known,  as  formerly,  as  Allan's 
Island. 

John   Allan*   was   born   in  January,    1746,  in    Edinburgh 


*  For  the  material  cif  tliis  sketch,  the  comiiiler  has  heen  largely  iiulebteil  to  the  volume 
of  F'rederic  Kidder,  published  in   1^67,  i;ivinf;  account  of  the  military  operations  at  the 


COLONEL    JOHN    ALLAN 


435 


lices 
his 
liliar 
nof 
md- 
land 
lin's 

tlv 


Castle,  Scotland,  where  the  family  are  supposed  to  have  tied 
for  security,  it  being  in  the  midst  of  the  rebellion  under 
Charles  Edward  Stuart.  His  father,  William  Allan,  was  a 
Scottish  gentleman  of  means,  and  a  major  in  the  liritish 
army,  and  his  mother  the  daughter  of  Sir  Eustice  Maxwell. 
A  few  years  later,  the  family  emigrated  to  Nova  Scotia,  and 
were  among  the  first  settlers  of  Halifax,  moving  soon  after  to 
the  vicinity  of  Fort  Lawrence,  at  the  head  of  Cumberland 
l<ay.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  American  Revolution,  we 
find  John  Allan, 'at  the  age  of  thirty,  with  a  wife  antl  five 
children,  owning  and  living  upon  Invermary,  a  large,  well- 
stocked  farm  of  three  hundred  and  forty-eight  acres,  one  of 
the  finest  in  that  region,  holding  the  inHuential  positions 
of  Representative  to  the  General  Assembly  of  the  Province, 
Justice  of  the  Peace,  Clerk  of  Sessions  and  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  and  other  ofiices  which  indicate  his  high  standing  in 
that  community.  He  is  understood  to  have  received  part  of 
his  education  in  Massachusetts.  At  any  rate,  his  sympa- 
thies were  heartily  with  the  American  people  in  their  upris- 
ing against  the  mother  country.  On  account  of  his  fearless 
expression  of  his  sentiments,  he  was  ol)liged  to  leave  the 
province,  which  he  did  on  the  3d  of  August,  1776,  with  a  few 
companions  in  an  open  boat,  reaching  Passamacjuoddy  on 
the  1  ith,  and  then  proceeded  to  Machias,  the  most  important 
settlement  in  the  section.  After  a  while,  he  continued  his 
journey  to  Boston,  thence  southward  to  the  head-quarters 
of  the  American  army,  where  he  had  several  interviews  with 
General  Washington,  and  dined  with  him  December  22,  leav- 
ing for  Philadelphia,  where  Congress  was  in  session,  the  day 
before  the  little  army  made  its  famous  passage  across  the 
Delaware   and   gained   the  victory  at   Trenton.     The  result 

time  of  the  Revolution,  and  otiier  events  of  Coinnel  Allan's  life;  also,  to  an  address  by 
I'eter  K.  Vose,  Esq.,  at  the  Machias  Centemnal,  May  20,  iSiij,  and  a  sketch  in  the  Xew 
Engl.iiid  Gcnealo!:ic(il  Ri\i;isltr,\\\n\.^n  by  his  great-Rraiid^on,  George  H.  Allan, '^ince 
deceased. 


43^ 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


of  his  consultation  with  the  civil  and  military  authorities  was 
his  appointment  as  "  Superintendent  of  the  Indians  in  the 
department  comprehending  all  eastward  and  northward  of 
Connecticut  River,"  and  "  commander  of  troops  stationed 
at  Machias,"  with  the  rank  of  colonel  of  infantry.  On  his 
return  to  Boston,  he  received  tidings  of  the  disastrous  repulse 
of  Colonel  Eddy  in  an  attack  upon  Fort  Cumberland,  which 
had  been  made  in  opposition  to  the  advice  of  Colonel  Allan 
and  other  judicious  persons,  and  with  a  force  entirely  inade- 
quate to  the  purpose.  This  attack  exasperated  the  British 
authorities,  who  looked  upon  Allan  as  one  of  the  principal 
instigators  of  the  rebellion,  and  offered  a  reward  of  ^loo  for 
his  apprehension.  The  soldiers  at  Fort  Cumberland  were 
relentless  in  their  treatment  of  the  families  *  of  those  who 
escaped  to  the  American  side  of  the  line.  They  burned 
Allan's  house  and  barns,  with  most  of  their  contents;  and  his 
family  fled  with  the  clothing  they  happened  to  have  on,  and 
hid  themselves  three  days  in  the  woods,  almost  without  food. 
They  finally  found  shelter  with  Mrs.  Allan's  friends;  but 
the  following  year  she  was  arrested  and  carried  to  Halifax, 
where  she  was  kept  in  prison  for  six  or  eight  months,  with 
the  hope  that  in  this  way  they  might  get  hold  of  her  hus- 
1)and.  Finally,  she  was  released,  and  joined  him  at  Machias, 
with  her  five  children.  Several  other  families  who  escaped 
from  Cumberland  at  the  same  time  settled  in  this  vicinity, 
where  their  descendants  are  quite  numerous. 


||t: 


■  Among  the  iiihabit:\ius  (if  Cumljerlaiul  whd  espoused  the  American  cause  was  Captain 
Elijah  Ayer,  a  native  of  Connecticut,  who  liad  moved  to  the  head  of  tlie  I  lay  of  Fundy; 
and,  after  the  defeat,  he  hid  himself  in  a  haystack.  The  British  soldiery  made  desperate 
efforts  to  capture  him,  and,  \■isitin^  his  lionie,  endeavored  by  threats  and  harsh  treatment 
to  comiiel  his  wife  to  reveal  his  liiding-place.  Failint;  in  this,  as  they  went  away,  tine  of 
tlieir  nmnber  took  a  brand  from  the  hearth  and  set  fire  to  the  dwelling.  As  tlie  distracted 
wife  and  mother  was  escaping  with  her  infant  daughter  in  her  arms,  a  piece  of  burn- 
ing wood  fell  from  overltead,  and  left  a  large  scar  upon  the  baby's  wrist.  Arriving  at 
womanhood,  this  girl  was  married  to  Ebenezer  C.  Wilder,  one  of  the  prominent  men 
among  the  early  settlers  of  Dennysville.  When  she  died,  at  the  advanced  age  of  eighty- 
seven  years,  leaving  a  mimerous  and  most  respectable  body  of  descendants,  slie  still  bore 
upon  her  wrist  that  same  scar  of  the  Revolutionary  times. 


irll  I 


COLONEL   JOHN    ALLAN 


437 


During  the  remainder  of  the  war,  Colonel  Allan  was  busily 
engaged  in  the  management  of  the  Indians,  a  position  which 
he  found  very  perplexing  at  times,  as  the  British  agents  were 
untiring  in  their  efforts  to  induce  the  tribes  to  take  part 
against  the  Americans,  and  that  they  did  not  succeed  was 
owing  largely  to  the  efforts  and  influence  of  Colonel  Allan. 
At  this  day,  we  can  hardly  appreciate  the  value  of  this  ser- 
vice ;  but  had  not  the  neutrality  of  the  Penobscot,  Passania- 
quoddy,  St.  John,  and  Micmac  Indians  been  secured,  the 
infant  settlements  in  Eastern  Maine  could  hardlv  have  main- 
tained  their  existence.  In  this  duty,  he  made  many  journeys 
along  the  coast  and  through  the  wilderness  of  Eastern  Maine 
and  Western  Nova  Scotia,  with  many  perils  and  some  hair- 
breadth escapes.  Once,  when  sorely  pressed  for  supplies,  he 
announced  his  intention  of  going  to  Boston  for  aid  ;  and  the 
Indians,  fearing  he  might  not  return,  demanded  some  security 
for  the  fulfilment  of  his  promise.  So  he  left  his  two  eldest 
sons,  William  and  Mark  (the  latter  father  of  T.  W.  Allan, 
Esq.,  of  Dennysville),  with  them  as  hostages.  The  boys  were 
thirteen  and  eleven  years  old,  and  remained  a  year  or  more 
with  the  savages,  living  in  their  wretched  style.  A  letter 
which  he  wrote  to  them  at  this  time  is  preserved  in  the  fam- 
ily. It  is  dated  at  Fort  Gates,  Machias,  May  21,  17S2,  and 
the  following  is  an  extract :  — 

Be  very  kind  to  tlie  Indians  &  take  particular  notice  of  Xich- 
oias  Francis  Joseph  and  Old  Coucouguasli.  I  send  you  books. 
papers  pens  &  ink,  wafers  &  some  other  little  thinL:;s:  shall  send 
more  in  two  or  three  days.  Let  me  entreat  you  my  dear  children 
to  be  careful  of  your  company  i.S:  manners,  be  moral,  sober,  X; 
discreet.  .  .  .  Duly  observe  yoiu'  duty  to  the  Almighty  morning 
\:  night,  mind  strictly  the  Sabbath  Day  not  to  have  either  work 
or  play  unless  necessity  compels  you.  I  pray  ( iod  to  bless  you 
my  dear  boys. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  he  moved  to  Dudley  Island, 
and    entered    into    mercantile    business.     His    account-book 


438 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAM AQUODDV 


1^ 


kept  at  that  time  has  been  preserved,  and  among  his  cus- 
tomers appears  the  name  of  llenedick  Arnold  (as  he  spells 
it).  After  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  Arnold  went 
to  England,  and  then  moved  to  St.  John,  X.]].,  and  estab- 
lished himself  in  business  there.  He  spent  considerable 
time  at  Campobello,  superintending  the  lading  of  his  ves- 
sels with  timber.  At  this  time,  he  made  some  purchases 
of  Colonel  Allan,  which  were  entered  in  this  account-book. 
Colonel  Allan's  mercantile  life  was  not  successful ;  and  he 
retired  to  that  part  of  Eastport  afterward  incorporated  as 
Lubec,  near  the  canal,  where  he  resided  during  the  remainder 
of  his  life.  This  home  was  enlivened  by  the  presence  of  two 
interesting  daughters,  Miss  Belle  and  Miss  Betsey,  who,  in  the 
courtly  circles  to  which  residence  with  their  relatives  at  Hal- 
ifax had  admitted  them,  gained  much  of  the  grace  and  polish 
of  refined  society;  and  intelligent  young  men  of  Massachu- 
setts families,  who  sometimes  came  to  this  remote  region, 
were  not  slow  in  discovering  the  attractions  of  the  house  on 
the  main.  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  know  one  of  these 
ladies  in  her  old  age,  and  I  well  remember  the  dignity  and 
charm  of  her  manners  and  conversation. 

Colonel  Allan's  salary  had  been  fully  paid  ;  and  in  iSoi, 
representations  having  been  made  to  Congress  showing  the 
extent  of  his  losses  in  favoring  the  American  cause,  a  grant 
was  made  to  him  of  two  thousand  acres  of  land  in  Ohio.  At 
that  time,  Ohio  was,  practically,  a  great  way  off.  The  grant 
seems  to  have  been  neglected  ;  and,  though  the  land  has 
since  acquired  a  great  value,  being  the  site  of  the  city  of 
Columbus,  the  family  never  realized  any  benefit  from  it. 

He  took  an  active  part  in  the  incorporation  of  Eastport, 
was  the  last  clerk  of  Plantation  No.  8,  and  his  name  appears 
in  section  2  of  the  act  of  incorporation.*  On  the  first  board 
of  town  officers  he  was  choseii  auditor  of  accounts,  and  was 
moderator  in  1S02.     The  following  letter  is  copied  from  the 

*■  See  |iage  224. 


COLOXEL   JUHX    ALLAN 


439 


town  records,  but  I  have  never  been  able  to  find  any  one  who 
remembered  the  cannon  or  knew  what  became  of  it :  — 


1 

1  r 
1 

1 

' 

J 

! 

1     ■ 

i     1 
1 

Goithinoi, —  The  only  article  retained  at  the  close  of  the  con- 
test with  Ih-itain,  and  the  last  remains  of  a  I'ievolulionary  servant 
is  the  small  cannon  now  lyinij  on  Moose  Island,  commonly  used 
tor  celebrating  the  anniversary  of  American  Independence.  At 
the  time  of  making;  a  return  of  the  ordinance  within  the  Eastern 
Indian  department  in  April.  171S3,  Congress  was  pleased  to  allow 
the  gun  to  remain  in  the  Bay  of  Passamaquoddy  for  the  general 
use  of  the  Indians,  and  such  other  services  as  contingent  incidents 
might  render  proper  and  expedient  under  the  immediate  direction 
and  order  of  the  suljscriber,  to  whom  they  resigned  their  full 
authority  and  claim. 

As  a  small  token  of  the  esteem  ami  regard  towards  the  town  of 
Eastport  and  its  citizens,  permit  me  the  liberty  and  ])leasure  if 
acce):)table  to  them  to  resign  my  right  and  title  of  said  gun  to  the 
town  in  its  corporate  capacity  to  be  under  the  immediate  care  and 
direction  of  the  Selectmen  for  the  time  being,  and  to  be  used 
agreably  to  their  order  upon  the  condition  that  it  be  not  removed 
from  the  said  town,  and  also  should  a  seperation  of  the  island  from 
the  main-land  take  place  that  the  said  gun  should  be  placed  on  the 
ground  of  the  latter  under  the  aforesaid  regulation. 

I  shall  endeavor  to  have  a  suitable  carriage  prepared  for  it  as 

soon  as  possible.     With  due  consideration  I  am, 

\'ery  respectfully,  gentlemen. 

Your  fellow  citizen  and  very  humble  servant, 

J  NO.  Allan. 
Eastport,  June  28,  1S03. 

The  Selectmen  of  Eastport,  County  of  Washington. 


Colonel  Allan  died  Feb.  7,  1S05,  at  the  age  of  tifty-nine 
years,  and  was  buried  on  the  island  then  generally  known  by 
his  name.  Here,  in  August,  1S60,  near  two  hundred  of  his 
descendants  gathered  from  far  and  near,  and  dedicated  to 
his  memory  an  appropriate  monument,  which  had  been  erected 
over  the  spot  Nvhere  with  the  remains  of  this  "  Revolutionary 
servant "  lie  those  of  his  wife  and  kindred. 


;ili:f"'. 


If 


ui; 


l! 


It- 


CHAPTER   XIII. 

MAJOR  lp:muel  TRESCOTT. 

On  the  disbanding  of  the  army  of  the  Revolution,  many 
officers  as  well  as  soldiers,  unfitted  or  unwilling  to  go  back 
to  the  vocations  which  they  had  left  on  entering  the  service, 
were  obliged  to  turn  in  new  directions  ;  and  quite  a  number 
became  pioneers  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  district  of  Maine, 
then  a  comparative  wilderness.     Among  the  most  prominent 

of  these  was  the  soldier 
whose  name  stands  at 
the  head  of  this  chapter. 
Lemuel  Trescott  was 
born  in  Bristol  County, 
Massachusetts,  in  1751. 
On  the  breaking  out  of 
the  Revolutionary  War, 
he  seems  to  have  gone 
immediately  into  the 
army ;  for  we  find  him, 
at  the  age  of  twenty-four, 
a  captain  in  W'"'  '"'  ' 
He   u  IS   p 

wu,^        .ten 


FORT        SVI.LIVAN         BAT- 
TERY    AND     BLOCK- 
HOUSE,    UUILT 
1810. 


Regiment  at  the  siege  of  Boston, 
pointed  major  of  Colonel  Henry  Jack 
chusetts  Regiment,  of  which  David  C 
colonel,  and  which  was  at  one  time  in  ihe  command  of 
Lafayette.  "Thacher's  Journal,"  which  is  a  st;  ulard  work 
on  the  Revolution,  was  written  by  Dr.  James  I'hacher,  sur- 
geon to  the  same  regiment.     In  the  book,  he  makes  frequent 


MAJOR    LEMUEL    TRESCOIT 


441 


referenqes  to  his  friend  Trescott,  reporting  in  one  place  how 
he  was  sent  in  command  of  a  detachment  to  escort  the 
commander-in-chief,  and  in  another  how,  in  the  last  month 
of  the  war,  Oct.  3,  1781,  at  the  head  of  a  detachment  of  one 
hundred  men,  he  made  an  attack  on  Fort  George,  L.I., 
capturing  its  garrison  of  two  captains,  one  lieutenant,  and 
eighteen  rank  and  file,  with  three  cannon  and  a  number  of 
small  arms,  ammunition,  clothing,  and  other  goods,  only  one 
of  his  men  being  wounded  ;  while  the  enemy  lost  two  killed 
and  two  wounded.  He  was  one  of  the  original  members  of 
the  Massachusetts  branch  of  the  Society  of  Cincinnati. 

After  coming  to  Pas- 
samaquoddy,  he  was 
engaged  in  lumbering 
operations  on  Orange 
River,  When  Eastport 
was  incorporated  in 
1798,  he  was  chosen 
the  first  town  treasurer, 
but  resigned  before  the 
end  of  the  year.  In 
1803  and  again  in  1807, 
he  served  as  moderator 

at  the  annual  town  kurt  sullivan  commandant's  vhartbrs,  1S70. 
meeting.     Then  he  was 

appointed  collector  of  customs  at  Machias ;  but  in  1 8 08  we 
find  him  back  again,  superintending  the  erection  of  the 
battery  and  block-house  at  Fort  Sullivan.  He  confesses 
that  he  was  no  engineer,  and  asks  advice  about  its  construc- 
tion from  Major  Joseph  G.  Swift  of  the  army.  In  iSii,  he 
was  appointed  collector  of  customs  for  the  district  of  Passa- 
maquoddy,  to  succeed  Mr.  Delesdernier.  At  the  l)reaking 
out  of  the  War  of  18 12,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of  the 
Ninth  United    States   Infantry,  but  did  not  accept.     Under 


w 

■    V 

\ 

>  i 

Hi 


442 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


the  conditions  of   the  time,  his  position  as  collector  was  a 
most  arduous  and  perplexing  one. 

When  Eastport  was  captured  by  the  British,  he  did  not 
have  time  to  escape,  but  secreted  his  most  important  papers. 
The  hiding-place  was  afterward  pointed  out  by  a  man  whose 
vessel  he  had  seized,  who  watched  his  movements  and  took 
tills  mode  of  revenge.  He  had  a  singular  way  of  mixing  up 
private  and  official  business  in  his  correspondence,  and  in 
a  letter  which  was  copied  into  the  custom-house  records  he 
expresses  his  opinion  that  the  informant  was  a  "scoundrill." 
After  moving  to  Lubec,  he  seems  to  have  become  disgusted 

because  those 
who  remained 
b  e  h  i  n  d  made 
the  best  of  the 
■  situation. 
•'"  "  Fine  times  " 
(he  writes)  "  at 
Moose  Island  now, 
balls,  parties,  etc., 
and  everybody  swal- 
lowing the  oath." 
In  a  later  letter,  he 
relents,  and  says. 
"  People  are  not  to  blame  for  trying  to  save  their  property.'' 
After  the  close  of  the  war,  he  remained  at  Lubec,  and. 
when  relieved  from  the  duties  of  the  collectorship  by  the 
appointment  of  his  successor,  continued  to  reside  there 
until  his  decease.  He  contributed  liberally  to  the  erection 
of  two  churches,  one  at  the  Point  and  the  other  near  his 
residence.  When  Lafayette  made  his  last  visit  to  the 
United  States  in  1824,  Major  Trescott  went  to  Boston  for 
the  express  purpose  of  meeting  his  old  companion  in  arms. 
The  same  vear  he  was  chosen  one  of  the  electors  for  Presi- 


n 


MAJOR    LEMUEL   TRESCOTT 


443 


dent  and  Vice-President  for  Maine,  but  ill  liealth  prevented 
his  meeting  with  the  electoral  college  ;  and  Hon.  Asa  Clapp, 
of  Portland,  was  selected  by  his  associates  to  fill  the  vacancy, 
and  the  vote  of  the  State  was  cast  for  John  Quincy  Adams. 

He  died  at  Lubec  August,  182G,  aged  seventy-five  years. 
The  funeral  services  were  largely  attended,  military  escort 
being  performed  by  the  l^astport  Light  Infantry  under  the 
command  of  Lieutenant  O.  S.  Livermore.  In  the  disposal 
of  his  estate,  legacies  were  made  for  the  benefit  of  the 
public  school  in  his  own  district  and  for  the  Washington 
County  Bible  Society. 

When,  in  183 1,  the  citizens  of  Eastport  built  a  public  hall, 
considered  at  the  time  quite  spacious  and  elegant,  it  was 
called  Trescolt  Hall, —  an  evidence  of  the  general  respect 
entertained  for  his  character  and  public  services.  This  well- 
remembered  building,  after  serving  the  town  half  a  century, 
was  burned  in  1S81.  Fort  Sullivan,  of  which  he  may  be 
said  to  have  been  the  builder,  has  been  dismantled ;  but  his 
name  is  kept  in  remembrance  in  the  county  and  State,  as 
Plantation  No  9  was  incorporated  in  1S29,  and  is  now  the 
town  of  Trescott. 


CHAPTER   XIV. 
CAPTAIN   JOHN    SHACKFORD   AND    FAMILY. 

BY    SAMUEL    SHACKFORD,    OF    CHICAGO,    ILL. 

Captain  John  Shack.ford,4  born  at  Newbury,  Mass.,  in 
1753,  was  descended  from  William'  and  Deborah  (Trickey) 
Shackford,  of  Dover,  N.H,,  through  Joshua^  and  Elizabeth, 
and  Samuel, 3  who  married  Mary  Coombs  at  Newbury,  July 
9,  1740.  He  was  a  seaman  in  early  life,  as  his  father  was 
before  him.  He  visited  Eastport  as  early  as  1768,  and  set- 
tled there  about  1783,  and  was  the  first  permanent  settler 
in  the  town  of  whom  we  have  certain  knowledge.  In  1784. 
he  had  completed  an  establishment  for  taking  and  curing 
fish,  and  built  a  log  store  near  the  site  of  the  present  Inter- 
national Steamship  Company's  Wharf,  where  he  kept  a  sup- 
ply of  such  goods  as  were  required  by  fishermen  and  Indians. 

In  1787,  having  built  a  dwelling-house  near  the  shore,  at 
the  foot  of  Shackford  Street,  he  brought  his  family,  con- 
sisting of  wife,  sons  John  and  William,  to  their  new  home  in 
the  wilderness,  in  a  small  vessel,  the  "  Industry,"  which  was 
the  first  vessel  owned  in  the  place,  the  fishing  business 
previously  having  been  carried  on  in  open  boats.  The  old 
log  store  was  standing  as  late  as  1840,  then  being  used  as  a 
stable.  The  "  Red  Store,"  so  called,  was  built  later,  ami 
was  removed  from  its  original  site  at  the  head  of  Steamboat 
Wharf,  near  fifty  years  ago,  by  John  Shackford,  Jr.,  and  stil! 
exists,  a  portion  of  it  being  the  main  part  of  the  residence  al 
the  south-west  corner  of  Third  and  Middle  Sirects,  owned 


CAPTAIN    JOHN    SHACKFORD   AND    FAMILY 


445 


5    i 


ans. 
re,  at 
cotv 
liie  in 
was 
ness 
old 
as  a 
ami 
nboat 
I  still 
ce  a  I 
wned 


fi 


and  occupied  by  the  late  Caleb  S.  Huston ;  and,  from  its 
well-preserved  appearance,  it  may  last  another  century.  An- 
other portion  of  the  old  building  is  the  small,  two-story  frame 
house,  situated  on  the  windmill  lot,  on  Water  Street,  at  the 
foot  of  Third  Street. 

The  first  wife  of  Captain  Shackford  was  Esther,  daughter 
of  Mr.  Gideon  Woodwell,  an  extensive  ship-builder  of  New- 
bury. They  were  married  Nov.  26,  1780.  She  had  been 
well  reared,  and  was  a  woman  of  superior  intelligence  in  her 
day.  In  this  solitude,  remote  from  civilization,  with  few  con- 
genial neighbors  to  cheer  a  weary,  anxious  life,  she  passed 
many  years.  They  had  a  family  of  eleven  children,  who 
were  indebted  to  their  mother  for  nearly  all  the  educational 
advantages  they  ever  enjo;,  jd.  School-teachers  were  rarely 
obtainable,  in  those  days,  in  this  then  out-of-theworld  place. 
For  a  brief  period  the  services  of  William  Lloyd  Garrison's 
mother*  were  secured  to  teach  in  the  family,  her  home  then 
being  on  Deer  Island,  in  the  adjacent  province  of  New- 
Brunswick. 

Captain  Shackford  was  an  enterprising  man,  and  carried  on 
a  considerable  business  in  the  early  settlement  of  the  town. 
Among  the  vessels  owned  by  him.  we  have  the  names  of  the 
"  Delight,"  "  Hannah,"  "  Sally,"  and  "  ratty."  The  latter  was 
reckoned  a  fine  craft  by  the  early  inhabitants,  and  plied  as  a 
packet  between  Eastport,  Portland,  and  Boston,  commanded 
by  Captain  John  Shackford,  Jr.,  and  was  the  first  freight  and 
passenger  vessel  employed  on  this  now  busy  route. 

The  Shackford  farm,  as  marked  by  present  boundaries, 
lay  between  Key  Street  and  Shackford  Cove,  extending 
westerly  one  mile  to  the  county  road,  in  addition  to  which  he 
owned  the  property  called  Shackford's  Head,  of  one  hundred 
acres,  situated  west  of  Broad  Cove.     He  was  a  soldier  of  the 

*  Frances  Maria   Lloyd,  afterward  wife  I'f  Abijah,  and    niotlier   df    William    Lluyd 
(larrison. 


f  : 


446 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Revolution,  and  marched  under  Arnold,  in  Captain  Ward's 
company,  through  the  wilds  of  Maine,  to  the  attack  of  Que- 
bec, where  he  was  taken  prisoner  in  the  assault  upon  the 
city,  and  confined  nine  months  in  prison,  six  weeks  of  the 
time  in  irons.  After  his  release,  he  served  under  Washing- 
ton at  Kingsbridge.  After  the  Revolution,  Benedict  Arnold 
became  a  merchant  and  ship-owner  at  St.  John,  N.B. ;  and 
Captain  Shackford  loaded  a  vessel  for  him  at  Campobello, 
under  Arnold's  personal  direction.  In  referring  to  this  cir- 
cumstance, he  says  :  "  I  did  not  make  myself  known  to  him, 
but  frequently,  as  I  sat  upon  the  ship's  deck,  watched  the 
movements  of  my  old  commander,  who  had  carried  us 
through  everything,  and  for  whose  skill  and  courage  1  re- 
tained my  former  admiration,  despite  his  treason.  But,  when 
I  thought  of  what  he  had  been,  and  the  despised  man  he 
then  was,  tears  would  come,  and  I  could  not  help  it." 

Captain  Shackford  commanded  the  first  militia  company 
organized  in  the  town,  his  uniform  consisting  of  an  old  Con- 
tinental three-cornered  hat  and  a  sword.  His  men  were  a 
sturdy,  wild  set  of  fellows,  who  appeared  to  think  that  the 
first  duty  of  a  soldier  on  training  u.  js  was  to  drink  toddy; 
and  their  captain  had  a  hard  enough  time  to  control  them. 
Many  of  them  having  served,  half-clothed  and  half-fed,  in 
the  Continental  Army,  doubtless  felt  that  they  had  earned 
the  right  to  an  occasional  frolic.  Whatever  the  weak- 
nesses of  those  veterans  may  have  been,  the  world,  surely, 
was  benefited  by  their  services.  When  the  English  lieet  capt- 
ured the  town,  during  the  War  of  1812,  and  the  connnodore 
came  on  shore  to  ke  possession  of  the  island.  Captain 
Shackford  met  him  ai  the  shore,  carrying  a  goad  stick  in  his 
hand,  and  addressed  him  thus:  "Well,  sir!  what  brought 
vou  here  ?  I  am  King  of  this  island,,  and  these  are  my  sub- 
jects. If  you  behave  yourself,  you  can  come  on  shore  :  if 
not,   you    had   better   be  gone."     The  commodore    politely 


CAPTAIN   JOHN    SHACKFORD   AND    FAMILY 


447 


^ 

'  1' 

i 

i 

f 

assured  him  that  he  had  called  on  business,  and  trusted 
that  he  should  conduct  himself  in  a  manner  becoming  a 
gentleman  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  his  Majesty.  After  the 
English  had  taken  possession  of  the  town,  all  inhabitants 
were  ordered  to  swear  fidelity  to  the  King,  or  leave  the  town 
and  have  their  property  confiscated.  But  the  old  soldier, 
when  summoned  to  appear  and  take  the  oath,  replied  to  the 
officer  that  he  had  fought  under  General  Washington  ;  that 
he  might  take  four  horses  and  draw  him  in  quarters,  but 
never  would  he  swear  allegiance  to  the  King  of  Fmgland  !  It 
was  probably  on  account  of  his  eccentricity  and  boldness 
that  the  old  gentleman  was  excused  from  taking  the  oath,  and 
allowed  to  retain  his  property. 

After  having  lived  to  see  his  town  become  one  of  the  im- 
portant business  ports  in  Maine,  he  died  on  Christmas  Day, 
1840,  in  the  eighty-seventh  year  of  his  age  ;  and  his  epitaph, 
selected  by  the  late  Honorable  Lorenzo  Sabine,  was,  "  An 
honest  man  is  the  noblest  work  of  God."  After  his  decease, 
his  second  wife,  who  was  Widow  Elsie  Olmstead,  obtained  a 
pension  from  the  United  States  government  for  his  services 
in  the  Revolution.  Levi,  a  brother  of  John,  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Bunker  KjI  ;  and  William,  another  brother,  was 
captured  on  the  privateer  "  Dalton,"  and  confined  in  the  "old 
mill  prison  "  for  three  years.  On  being  released,  he  served 
in  the  Continental  naval  service,  under  the  renowned  Paul 
Jones,  and  was  killed,  or  died,  in  the  service.  He  was  not 
afterward  heard  of  by  his  friends.  His  sister  Mary  married 
Caleb  Bojnton,  whose  name  is  perpetuated  in  Boynton  Street 
and  the  Boynton  School. 

The  family  of  Captain  John  and  Esther  Shackford,  who 
lived  to  maturity  and  had  families,  were  four  sons,  who  l)e- 
came  ship-masters,  and  three  daughters,  two  of  whom  married 
ship-masters.  The  eldest  son,  John,  Jr.,  born  at  Newbury, 
July  1,  lySi.died  at  l''astport,  aged  eighty-seven.     .\s  alrearly 


448 


EASTPORT   AND   PASSAMAQUODDY 


Stated,  he  commanded  the  first  vessel  owned  in  the  town,  and 
for  thirty  years  or  more  continued  to  run  a  packet  in  the 
Boston  and  Eastport  line,  through  winter's  storms  and  sum- 
mer's fogs.  He  knew  by  sight  all  the  dangerous  places 
along  the  coast,  but  never  had  more  than  a  passing  acquaint- 
ance with  them,  and  during  his  long  experience  as  ship- 
master never  had  occasion  to  call  upon  his  underwriters  for  a 
dollar.     The  "  Boundary,"  his  last  packet,  so  well  known  as 


fc.> 

SHACKFOKO'';    CuVl-    AM)    WINDMILL,     1^45- 

the  swiftest  vessel  on  the  coast,  was  driven  off  the  route  on 
the  introduction  of  steamships,  when  she  was  twenty-one 
years  old  ;  but  for  twenty  years  after  she  was  a  stanch  craft, 
engaged  in  the  coasting  trade.  The  windmill  which  stood 
upon  the  bluff  at  the  entrance  of  Shackford's  Cove  for  a 
generation  or  more  was  built  for  him,  but,  on  account  of 
location  or  fault  of  construction,  proved  a  failure.  In  a 
moderate  breeze,  like  a  balky  horse,  it  would  not  go,  and  in 
a  gale  of  wind  nothing  could  stop  it  until  the  wind  abated. 


CAPTAIN    JOHN    SHACKFORU    AND    FAMILY 


449 


The  old  mill,  after  it  had  become  dilapidated  by  wind  and 
weather,  was  a  picturesque  object  in  approaching  the  town 
from  the  sea.  It  was  taken  down  by  its  owner  about  forty 
years  ago,  much  to  the  regret  of  the  public. 

The  three  sons  of  John,  Jr.,  who  lived  to  manhood  were : 
Captain  Benjamin,  who  died  at  Eastport  in  1S85,  aged  seventy- 
three;  Charles  W.,  who  sailed  from  Philadelphia  master  of 
the  brig  "  Esther  Elizabeth,"  and  was  never  heard  of  more; 
and  Captain  John  L.,  who  died  at  St.  Thomas,  West  Indies. 

William,  the  second  son  of  John  and  Esther,  born  at 
Newbury  Nov.  23,  1783,  was  a  seaman  from  early  boy- 
hood. He  commanded  the  "Active"  in  1807,  afterward  the 
"  Sally,"  "  Orient,"  "  Blockade."  "  Five  Brothers,"  and  was 
engaged  principally  in  the  West  India  trade.  He  com- 
manded the  brig  "  Dawn,"  which  was  taken  by  a  French 
cruiser  during  the  wars  of  Napoleon  Land  taken  into  l-'rance. 
On  being  released,  he  crossed  over  to  England,  and  from 
there  worked  his  passage  home  as  a  sailor  before  the  mast. 
He  then  commanded  the  "  Lady  Sherbrook  "  and  the  "  Sarah." 
His  last  vessel  was  the  "Splendid,"  a  line  vessel,  built  espe- 
cially for  the  passenger  trade  between  I'^astport  and  Boston. 
About  1833,  at  the  age  of  fifty,  he  retired  from  tiie  sea,  and 
encased  with  his  brother  Jacob  and  the  Hon.  Lorenzo 
Sabine  in  mercantile  pursuits.  He  died  in  1870,  aged  eighty- 
seven,  leaving,  by  his  second  wife,  Mary,  daughter  of  Cajv 
tain  Jacob  Lincoln,  sons, —  John  William,  who  f(ji  manv 
years  commanded  the  steam  packet-ship  "  Illinois "  and 
other  ocean  steamships,  and  is  now  master  of  Jay  Gould's 
famous  steam  yacht  "Atalanta  "  ;  Captain  Edward  Wallace,  a 
successful  ship-master;  and  Ebed  Lincoln,  who,  after  serving 
in  the  Union  Army  during  the  Rebellion,  settled  at  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  where  he  is  now,  a  thrifty  merchant. 

Captain  Samuel  Shackford,  third  son  of  John  and  Esther, 
born  at  Eastport  Sept.  28,  1786.  was  probably  the  first  native- 


45° 


EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


born  citizen  of  the  town.  He  married,  Dec.  12,  18 18,  Eliza- 
beth, daughter  of  Otis  and  Elizabeth  Thompson-Lincoln,  of 
Birch  Point,  Perry,  Me.  She  died  at  Eastport  April  28,  1884, 
aged  ninety.  He  died  of  yellow  fever  in  Demerara,  South 
America,  August,  1820,  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-two,  leaving 
a  son.  Captain  Samuel,  who  removed  to  Chicago  in  1853, 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits,  and  was  one  of  the  early 
members  of  the  IJoard  of  Trade. 

Captain  Jacob  Shackford,  fourth  son  of  John  and  Esther, 
born  at  Eastport  Jan.  29,  1790,  was  a  noted  ship-master. 
About  1824  he  commanded  the  steam  brig  "  New  York,"  the 
first  steam  vessel  to  enter  Eastport  Harbor.  I  remember  to 
have  seen  her,  long  ago,  coming  up  the  river  against  the 
tide,  pufifing,  and  exerting  herself  for  all  she  was  worth, 
apparently  trying  a  race  with  Cherry  Island,  and  getting  the 
worst  of  it.  She  was  not  a  thing  of  beauty  compared  with 
steamboats  now  on  the  route.  For  many  years  he  sailed 
the  "Compeer,"  and  other  packets,  between  Eastport  and 
New  York,  at  a  period  when  a  numerous  Irish  emigration 
landed  at  St.  John,  N.B.,  and  came  to  Eastport  for  passage 
to  "the  States."  He  retired  from  the  sea  about  1S32,  to 
become  a  member  of  the  firm  of  W.  and  J.  Shackford  &  Co.. 
the  "  Co."  being  the  Hon.  Lorenzo  Sabine,  who  soon  retired 
from  the  firm  to  engage  in  literary  labor,  the  brothers  con- 
tinuing to  carry  on  an  extensive  mercantile  business,  ship- 
building, and  fishing.  By  wife  Eliza,  daughter  of  John 
Pearce,  he  had  eleven  children,  five  of  whom  lived  to  adult 
age.  Their  son,  Captain  George  W.,  an  unusually  promising 
young  man,  died  unmarried.  William  is  port  captain  in  the 
Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's  employ  at  Aspinwall, 
and  has  a  family.  Henry  Nevis  went  early  to  sea,  and  has 
not  been  heard  of.  Their  daughter,  Matilda  Sabine,  married 
Charles  B.  Paine  ;  and  daughter  Eliza  A.  is  unmarried.  The 
father  departed  on  his  last  long  voyage,  "  on  the  ebb  tide," 


CAITAIN    JtJHN    SHACKIORD    ANI>    FAMILY 


45' 


Saturday  afternoon,  June  19,  1S69,  aged  seventy-nine  years, 
having  lived  a^n  active,  useful,  conscientious  life- 

The  three  daughters  of  John  and  Esther  Shackford  who 
lived  to  womanhood  were :  Hannah,  who  married  Captain 
Darius  Pearce  ;  Esther,  who  married  Joshua  Hinkley;  and 
Sally,  who  married  Captain  John  Lincoln. 

The  Shackford  men  in  this  branch  of  the  family  have  for 
four  generations,  with  few  exceptions,  been  ship-masters. 
There  was  a  numerous  family  of  them  at  Eastport,  only  one 
of  whom  is  now  remaining  there  who  bears  the  family  name. 
The  mansion  left  her  by  her  father,  at  the  corner  of  Water 
and  Key  Streets,  is  the  only  one  of  the  Shackford  residences 
spared  by  the  recent  disastrous  fire  which  swept  that  part 
of  the  town,  originally  the  water  front  of  the  old  Shackford 
farm,  as  bare  as  it  was  when  the  first  Captain  John,  "  the 
King  of  Passamaquoddy,"  landed  his  family  there  from  the 
"  Industry  "  more  than  a  century  ago.  But,  should  the  family 
name  disappear  from  among  the  inhabitants,  in  Shackford's 
Cove,  Shackford's  Head,  and  Shackford  Street  it  is  firmly 
fastened  into  the  local  landscape. 


CHAPTER  W. 


CLARA  ARTHUR  MASOX, 


ii 


n- 


The  most  marked  and  important  of  the  numerous  indenta- 
tions in  tlie  shores  of  Moose  Island  is  Broad  Co\-e,  which 
well  deserves  the  description  of  "  good  harbor  "  given  it  in 
Mr.  Jones's  old  map.  With  Shackford's  Head  stretching 
round,  steep  and  rocky,  at  the  right,  the  smooth  greenness 
of  Staniel's  Point  nearer  at  hand  on  the  left,  and  the  long 
shore  of  beach  and  cliff  curving  gracefully  between,  it  makes 
a  combination  of  land  and  water  most  fair  to  look  upon.  In 
and  out,  on  the  wide  fiats,  the  uneasy  tide  of  the  Vyay  of 
Fundy  comes  and  goes  with  rapid  pace.  In  midsummer 
days,  the  bared  surface  sometimes  gathers  sufficient  heat  to 
mitigate  the  icy  temperature  of  these  northern  waters,  and 
gives  the  island  youth  a  passable  chance  to  learn  to  swim  . 
and  to  many  scattered  far  and  wide  about  the  world  Ilroad 
Cove  is  remembered  for  this  favor  to  boyish  sports,  l^ut  b\- 
no  means  is  this  the  only  charm  of  the  cove.  Many  wlio 
never  braved  its  waters  well  remember  the  beauty  of  its  set 
ting  in  the  landscape,  and  the  pencil  of  one  gifted  woman* 
has  transferred  its  attractions  to  canvas. 

On  its  shore  stands,  solitary,  grim,  and  square,  a  weather 
beaten  mansion,  not  at  all  suggestive  of  childish  joys  or  the 
poetic  fancies  of  opening  womanhood.  Yet,  from  the  life 
and  writings  of  one  who  had  here  her  early  home,  the  place- 
has  gathered  rich  and  hallowed  associations.  In  preceding 
chapters  have  been  sketched  the  lives  of  stalwart  men,  born 

'  The  late  Mrs.  Martin  Bradish. 


CI.ARA    ARTHUR    MASON 


453 


in  distant  places,  who  lived  in  stormy  times,  made  their 
mark  by  patriotic  service,  and  found  their  last  resting-jilaces 
on  these  frontier  shores ;  and  this  volume  ought  not  to  miss 
the  story  of  the  fair  child  and  consecrated  woman  who  has 
linked  her  name  with  these  scenes,  though  early  in  life  she- 
ended  her  earthly  career  in  distant  Hindustan,  and  found 
her  last  resting-place  in  the  shadow  of  the  great  Asiatic 
mountains. 

Clara  May  Stevens,*  the  youngest  child  of  Samuel  and 
Mary  (Cony)  Stevens,  was  born  at  Spring  Farm,  Kastport, 
June   17,    1S44.     Her  mother  died  at  the  time  of  her  birth  ; 

and  her  early  years  were 
passed  with  her  Grand- 
mother   Cony,    at    the    old 


^-''^'iiiim^ 


house  on  the  shore  of  Broad  Cove.  In  this  quiet  home,  with 
its  picturesque  surroundings,  she  early  showed  her  poetic 
instincts  ;  and  when  at  the  age  of  eight  years  she  returned 
to  Spring  Farm,  with  its  cultured  Christian  atmosphere 
within,  and  external  environment  of  fields  and  woods  and 
outlook  upon  spreading  waters,  she  was  still  in  constant 
communion  with  nature.  Her  education  was  gained  in  the 
schools  of  the  town,  supplemented  by  a  year's  residence  and 
study  at  Providence,  R.I.  With  mental  growth  came  spirit- 
ual   development ;    and   she    united    herself   early  with    the 

*  For  the  substance  of  this  sketch,  the  compiler  is  indebted  to  Mrs.  Mason's 
sisters,  Mrs.  Emory  Lyon,  of  Providence,  R.I.,  and  Mrs.  Samuel  C.  Haskell,  of  St. 
Paul,  Minn. 


■., 
r 

i 

.  r 


it  :| 


454 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAM AQUODDY 


Washington  Street  liaptist  Church,  the  religious  home  of 
her  family.  Her  father  died  in  1871,  ripe  in  years.  Her 
own  story  of  watching  at  his  bedside  reads  :  "  Now,  as  in  the 
night  hours  he  slumbered  and  the  lamps  burned  low  in  that 
sick-chamber,  thinking  of  the  childhood  home  so  soon  to  be 
broken  up,  and  looking  forward  to  the  possibilities  of  life 
for  me,  I  was  touched  with  sympathy  for  the  needs  of  the 
untaught  millions  in  pagan  lands.  So  there,  by  that  dim 
light,  on  the  leaves  of  an  old  book,  with  prophecy  all 
unconscious  of  my  own  future,  I  pencilled  this  missionary 
hymn  :  — 

"  The  sails  are  set,  the  anchor  weighed, 
Our  ship  goes  sailing,  sailing  ; 
Come,  north  wind,  from  your  cloudy  caves 
In  breezes  never  failing  ! 

"  'Tis  break  of  dav,  and  far  astern 
T  watch  the  seaweed  drifting  ; 
The  coming  dawn  from  off  the  sea 
The  shades  of  night  are  lifting. 

"  O  rays  of  light  from  out  the  East, 
Ve  bring  the  voice  of  wailing  ! 
Come,  Holy  Spirit,  breathe  on  me 
Thy  comfort  never  failing  ! 


1'^ 


■'  To  lands  far  off,  for  thee,  O  Christ, 
I  go  to  tell  the  story; 
Shine  thou  uj^on  that  sea  of  souls, 
And  flood  it  with  thy  glory  ! 


"  The  joys  I  leave  are  but  to  me 
As  seaweed  idly  drifting, 
For  on  that  sea  of  human  souls 
I  watch  the  shadows  lifting. 


'  ^'e  north  winds,  blow  !     Thou  ship,  speed  on 

My  hopes  with  thee  are  sailing. 
O  Holy  Spirit,  breathe  on  me 
Thy  comfort  never  failing  ! 


ii 


CLARA    ARTHUR    MASON  455 

"So  shall  my  heart  for  work  so  great 
lie  strcing  in  its  endeavor. 
Until  my  soul,  abo%'e  its  fears, 
Is  lifted  up  forever." 

The  next  two  years  Miss  Stevens  spent  with  her  sister  at 
Newton  Centre,  Mass.  Here,  with  many  of  the  old  home 
furnishings  about  her,  she  studied  and  wrote.  The  merit  of 
iier  verses  was  quickly  recognized  by  editors,  through  whose 
substantial  appreciation  nearly  all  of  her  short  pieces  were 
published  in  ]]oston  and  New  York  periodicals.  By  and 
by  came  fulfilment  of  the  prophecy  of  her  midnight  vigils; 
and  in  June,  1873,  she  was  married,  at  her  brother's  home 
in  Boston,  to  Rev.  James  Hope  Arthur,  appointed  mission- 
ary to  Japan  by  the  Baptist  Missionary  Union.  Mr.  Arthur 
was  a  recent  graduate  of  Brown  University  and  Newton 
Theological  School.  In  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  he  had 
enlisted  in  the  Seventh  Connecticut  Regiment,  was  wounded 
while  on  picket  duty,  made  a  prisoner,  and  detained  several 
months  in  prisons  and  hospitals,  then  exchanged,  and  served 
out  the  term  of  his  enlistment.  Before  leaving  on  their  dis- 
tant service,  the  young  missionaries  visited  Eastport ;  and 
this  is  Mrs.  Arthur's  description  of  their  good-by  to  the 
scenes  of  her  vouth  :  — 

After  my  mother's  death,  our  grandmother's  houbc  became  the 
home  of  my  childhood.  And  now,  when  for  me  also  wedding 
bells  had  rung,  and  benediction  been  given,  before  entering  upoi. 
a  life-work  in  a  foreign  land,  I  came  back  to  say  good-by. 

I  think  of  my  grandmotlier's  house  as  I  saw  it  that  summer's 
day.  I  noticed  the  abundance  of  the  mountain-ash  berries,  the 
summer  wind  carrying  off  the  hoary  heads  of  ancient  dandelions. 
I  remember  the  tall  clock  in  the  corner,  with  its  measured  tick :  I 
remember  the  old  china  in  comely  array  upon  the  supper-table  : 
I  remember  my  dear  grandmother  herself,  the  joy  and  not  the 
sorrow  of  ninety  summers  a  legend  in  her  face.     I  said  then  to 


I 


1^^: 


s 


456 


EASTPORT   AXn    PASSAMAQUODDY 


myself,  '•  How  beautiful  she  is.  and  how  near  heaven ! "  To-day 
she  sleeps  beside  her  husband  and  beside  my  mother,  under  the 
pines  of  the  island  cemetery :  but  1  think  of  my  grandmother  always 
as  she  looked  thr.t  day.  I  left  her  that  summer  afternoon,  and  went 
back  alonijj  the  country  road,  with  its  border  of  elder-trees,  and 
down  through  ♦^he  streets  of  the  busy  town.  We  heard  the  shrill 
whistle  of  the  steamer  at  :^he  wharf.  It  was  the  signal  for  belated 
passengers.  Ther-^  was  a  general  retreat  of  newspaper  boys. 
We  went  on  board  the  steamer,  the  paddles  moved,  and  we  were 
iH  route  for  Japan,  via  Boston,  Chicago,  and  San  Francisco. 


The  storv  of  the  arrival  of  the  missionaries  at  Yokohama 
in  October  and  the  experiences  of  their  Ufe  and  labors  there 
are  plensaiitly  related  in  her  second  book,  *'  Etchings  from 
Two  Lands."  It  tells  of  the  formation  of  the  first  IJaptist 
church  of  Tokio,  of  their  summer  in  the  mountains,  house- 
keeping in  the  city,  and  of  the  coming  of  little  Jamie,  whom 
the  Japanese  called  "  Kawai  baby  san,"  meaning  "  Jieautiful 
Mr.  Baby,"  "Mr,"  being  used  alike  for  men,  women,  and 
children  in  that  country. 

In  the  fourth  year,  Mr.  Arthur's  health  began  to  fail  ;  and 
the  family  made  the  return  voyage,  and  spent  the  summer 
and  autumn  in  California.  But  the  change  of  climate  did 
not  bring  the  relief  hoped  for,  and  he  died  at  Oakland  on 
the  Qth  of  December  1S77  ;  and  their  infant  son,  Russell, 
lived  but  three  weeks  later.  Mrs.  Arthur  and  Jamie  then 
returned  to  Massachusetts ,  and,  when  the  strain  of  her 
recent  bereavements  permitted,  she  resumed  her  literary 
work.  She  took  a  course  of  theological  study  at  the  Newton 
Seminary,  and  visited  the  churches  extensively,  both  East 
and  West,  seeking  to  arouse  enthusiasm  in  the  cause  of  mis- 
sions. In  1881,  her  volume  of  poems  was  published  l)y 
Messrs.  D.  Lothrop  &  Co.,  taking  its  title  —  "Cherry  Blooms 
of  Yeddo "  —  from  the  longest  poem  in  the  book.  The 
themes  of  her  earlier  poems  were  taken  from  the  scenery  of 


CI. AHA    ARTHUR    MASON 


457 


the  home  of  her  childhood  and  vicinity  ;  and  two  of  these, 
"  My  Grandmother's  House  "  and  "  Friar's  Head,"  are  in- 
serted here.  Her  later  poems  largely  relate  to  her  mission 
ary  experiences,  and  reveal  the  current  of  her  thought  in 
taking  up  her  chosen  life-work  and  meeting  its  trials  and 
responsibilities,  and  afford  tender  and  touching  glimpses  ot 
her  inner  life. 

In  1S83,  Mrs.  Arthur  became  acquainted  with  Rev.  Mar- 
cus C.  Mason,  a  graduate  of  Madison  University  and  Ham- 
ilton Theological  Seminary,  who  was  in  this  country  for  rest, 
his  mission  being  at  Tura,  Garo  Hills,  Assam.  Mr.  Mason's 
personal  worth  and  the  pressing  call  of  the  heathen  inspired 
her  to  a  fresh  consecration,  antl  she  went  forth  agaiii 
into  foreign  life  as  a  missionary's  wife  Mr.  and  Mrs. 
Mason  sailed  from  New  York  Sept.  6,  18S4,  for  Liverpool, 
where  they  embarked  for  Bombay,  and  thence  on  to  Cal- 
cutta, where  they  took  a  steamboat  and  ascended  the  Brah- 
mapootra River  about  two  hundred  miles,  whence  f  .eir  joui 
ney  was  across  the  country  and  up  to  Tura.  Mrs.  Mason 
had  been  but  nine  days  in  her  new  home  when  she  was 
attacked  with  the  fever  of  the  country,  which  terminated 
fatally  December  9.  She  was  laid  at  rest  in  the  English 
cemetery  in  Tura,  the  British  officers,  with  international 
courtesy,  offering  this  spot  for  her  grave.  Here  in  this  far 
away  "God's  acre,"  encloses  by  a  thick,  closely  cut  English 
hedge,  the  turf  is  green  and  fair,  and  English  flowers  bloon^  . 
while  the  Spanish  bayonet  plant  guards  the  entrance  to  this 
sacred  spot,  hallowed  by  the  last  repose  of  this  gentle  and 
gifted  daughter  of  our  frontier  island. 

In    1886,  Mrs.  Mason's  prose  work,  "  Etchings  from  Two 
Lands,"  was  issued  by  Messrs.  I).   Lothrop  .V  Co..  the  ])ub 
Ushers  of  her  earlier  volume  of  poetry.     This  volume,  which 
was  left  in  manuscript  at  the  time  of   her  departure,  was  cf)n- 
sidered  of  special  value  by  the  author,  as  giving  the  history 


458 


EASTI'ORT    AND    PASSAMAQUC  )DDY 


of  the  first  Christian  church  located  in  the  very  midst  of  the 
heathen  population  of  the  great  city  of  Tokio  ;  and,  on 
account  of  its  merits  of  style  and  narrative,  it  is  a  fitting 
companion  for  the  earlier  volume,  both  illustrating  the  au- 
thor's versatile  gifts  most  elTectivelv. 


i  I, 


iji 


M\    (;randm(ithi:k's  iiol"si:. 

Iluilt  years  ago,  large,  (|uaint,  and  square, 
Tilings  old-fashioned  everywhere ; 
Grandmother's  house,  were  you  ever  tlicn-  ? 

In  (|uest  of  a  place  on  a  sunniier's  day, 

When  they  went  to  build,  did  they  lose  their  way. 

Among  daisies  and  buttercups  go  astrav? 

Lose  their  way  and  say  to  eacii, 

"  We  will  put  it  here  by  the  rocky  lieach, 

[ust  from  the  waters  out  of  reach  ?" 


M 


Anil  so  tliey  Iniilt  it;  large  and  sc|uare, 
Cosey  corners  here  antl  there. 
Old-fashioned  wonders  everywhere. 


L'nlookcd  for  nooks  on  every  side, 
(jueer  old  places  where  one  might  liide, 
Grandmother's  house,  our  childish  pride. 

Old-fashioned  dishes,  fit  for  ches. 
Stowed  away  on  closet  shelves; 
I  unlatched  |>latters  bv  themselves. 


Curious  china,  (|uaint  and  old. 
Thirteen  stars  in  blue  and  gold 
Two  ;.;ilt  doves  in  i  irclc  hnjd. 


My  .m-andiiiothct"s  lutusi.,  were  you  e\(.r  then.? 


-. 


460  EASTPORT   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 

On  topmost  shelf,  without  a  mate, 
All  alone  there  stands  a  plate, 
Relic  of  an  ancient  date. 

Oft  have  I  turned  from  dainties  spread, 
Forgot  my  slice  of  wheaten  bread, 
To  con  that  ])ictured  plate  instead. 


Iitii:;.i 


Its  full  rigged  ships  of  deepest  blue, 
The  seas  unruffled  sailing  through, 
Towards  a  distant  landscape  view. 

Flying  pennants  at  mast-head  each. 
Ships  that  sail,  but  never  reach 
The  bluish  pebbles  on  the  beach. 

In  its  red  case,  standing  tali, 
Tick.s  the  clock  against  thu  wall, 
Fts  benediction  on  us  all. 

On  braided  mat  in  a  cosey  chair, 
The  glory  of  the  house  is  there. 
Time's  gathered  snow  upon  her  hair. 

The  story  of  her  life  is  uAd ; 

She  is  drifting  away  in  the  mist  and  the  gold 

Of  a  lite  beyond  that  never  grows  old. 


Il 


I  )rilting  away,  and  out  of  sight. 
Into  the  glory  of  a  greater  light, 
Into  a  day  that  hath  no  night. 


.•\nd  in  all  the  world  there  never  will  be 
.\mong  daisies  and  buttercups  down  by  the  >ca 
.V  house  old-fashioned,  like  this,  fdr  me. 


KRIAR  .S    HEAD,    CAMPOllELLO 


461 


•"fRl2^j'-  nnAJP;  (^AAPO:BnLL: 


-long;  ^  IF 

•V(?e-tide-cva[  -  Jo^ijt  >  tj?e- breeze- cwaj-f 
•  strong;  ^^_ 

■we  ■  ^aikd'-away-     ^       T .    ~^^.'  ^'. 


We  b(jilccl  the  chowder  on  the  beach,  I" 

A  spoon  and  a  bowl  were  given  to  each, 
Wliile  there  stood  the  pickles  just  out  of  reach 
And  some  played  a  tune 
With  their  bowl  and  spoon. 


Some  doffed  their  hats  to  the  Friar  gray, 
And  said,  "  A  penny  for  your  thoughts  to-dav  ! 
\'nu  look  so  wise.     Have  you  nothing  to  sav  ' 

Give  us  a  speecli 

As  we  sit  on  the  Ix-ach  !  " 


Pi 


Then  the  old  Friar  of  I'riar's  Head, 

Standing  up  in  his  rockv  l>ed, 

Said,  "  What  to  me  are  pickles  and  bread 

For  I  heed  not 

N'our  chowder  hot ! 


"  I'ut  I  am  a  I'riar  (jid  and  gray. 
And  keep  my  vigils  night  and  day, 
Over  tlie  waters  of  ''"^)uoddv  IJay, 
Standing  alone 
In  mv  ?uit  of  stone. 


46. 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


"  I  watch  the  lioats  that  come  and  go, 
Their  sails  t,'leam  like  the  drifts  of  snow  ; 
Hither  and  thither,  to  and  fro, 

They  sail  away 

( )ver  the  bay. 

"  Ships  in  harbor  at  anchor  ride, 
IJuats  that  smuggle  softly  glide. 
Drifting  slowly  with  the  tide  ; 
I  see  them  creep 
Through  shadows  deep. 


"  On  summer  nights  I  see  you  float, 
readies  gay,  in  your  pleasure  boat, 
Till  far  away  you  seem  but  a  mote 

The  shadows  among, 

Drifting  along. 

"  'I'o  the  homes  that  stand  in  the  twilight  gr.iy. 
To  the  hearts  whose  hopes  have  been  all  day 
With  you,  as  you  sailed  out  over  the  bay. 

Out  of  my  sight 

N'ou  go  in  the  night. 


!|l 


"But  who  is  the  boatman  t  >  guide  you  through 
The  fogs  of  the  world,  whieh  hide  from  view 
That  other  home  which  is  waiting  for  you, 

Out  of  your  sight, 

Iteyond  the  night  ? 


r 


"  Xo  home  awaits  the  Friar  old. 
I  stand  in  the  winter's  bitter  cold, 
\Vrai)ped  in  the  sea-fog's  briny  fold. 

Winds  of  the  sea 

My  litany ! 


"  I  am  rocky  and  stony,  old  and  grim, 
."standing  here  on  the  water's  rmi, 
While  the  years  go  by  to  the  ages  dim, 

Watching  still 

Under  the  hill." 


KRIAR  S    HEAD,    CAM  I'OIiEI.LU 

Much  we  wondered;  for  so  it  would  seem 
That  the  smoking  coffee  and  chowder's  steam 
Had  wakened  the  Friar  out  of  his  dream. 

What  else  could  unlock 

The  heart  of  a  rock  ? 


4^*3 


So  we  made  the  Friar  a  buttercup  crown, 
And  we  left  him  there  in  his  rockweed  gown, 
While  the  fog  came  in  when  the  sun  went  down. 
And  we  sailed  for  the  light 
Through  the  fog  and  the  nighi 


CHAPTER  X\I. 


KASTPORT    LIGHT   INI  ANTRV 


*T 


i 


The  older  generation  of  readers  will  remember  the  lime 
when  military  service  was  required  of  all  citizens  between 
the  ages  of  eighteen  and  thirty-five,  with  some  special  excep- 
tions, and  when  every  town  had  at  least  one  organized  mili- 
tary company.  On  training  and  muster  days,  bands  of 
sturdy,  vigorous  men  would  turn  out  in  ordinary  dress,  bear- 
ing arms  of  various  makes  of  the  old  Hint-lock  type,  the 
officers  alone  making  pretence  of  wearing  uniforms.  There 
were,  however,  usually  connected  with  each  regiment  one  or 
more  independent  companies,  appropriately  uniformed,  and 
more  or  less  skilled  in  military  drill  and  manceuvres.  Kast- 
port  had  two  such  companies.  The  oldest  was  the  Eastport 
Washington  Artillery,  of  which  William  Hills  appears  to 
have  been  the  first  commander,  and  his  successors,  Ethel 
Olmstead,  John  Swett,  Gideon  Stetson,  Andrew  R.  liradford. 
Benjamin  Snow,  Peter  Whelpley,  and  Jabez  T.  Pike.  'I'he 
last  is  still  living  in  California,  and  a  number  of  the  old  rank 
and  file  are  among  our  best  citizens  ;  but  it  is  not  learned 
that  any  of  ihe  company's  records  are  in  existence. 

Of  the  other  independent  company,  the  Eastport  Light 
Infantry,  'Japtain  (afterward  major)  Samuel  Witherell,  Cap- 
tain Ge  je  A.  Peabody,  Lieutenant  (afterward  colonel ) 
Hiram  S.  l''avor,  and  Lieutenant  Simon  Stevens,  with  a 
goodly  number  of  their  comrades  in  arms,  are  still  in  active 
life  ;  and   to  the  careful   custody  of   Lieutenant   Stevens  we 


Mi 


KASl'l'OKT    I.ICHl     IMANIRV 


465 


art;  indebted  for  the  preservation  of  the  eaiiiei  leoords  of 
the  company,  some  of  those  of  later  date  liaving  been  lost 
in  tiie  fire  of  "thirty-nine."  During  the  thirty  years  of  its 
existence  between  18 13  and  1842,  man\-  of  the  induential 
men  of  the  town  were  enrolled  in  its  ranks;  and  a  sketch  of 
the  history  of  the  company,  as  gathered  fr>im  these;  records, 
may  be  of  interest  to  the  sur\-ivors,  descendants,  and  others 
connected  with  Kastjidrt  by  birth  or  residence.  There  are 
three  record  books,  besides  some  company  rolls  ;  and  one  of 
the  former,  bound  in  old-fashioned  white  ])archint'nt.  contains 
copies  of  general  orders.  The  following  is  tht'  first  entry  in 
this  book  :  — 

(.OMMO.NWKAI.TM    Ol'    M '.SS.ACII  USI.T  rs,  > 

m;.\uiu'Ain'i;Ks  nosiov    i.w'v  25,  i.sij.  > 

The  Comtnander-in-Cliief  having  taken  tliu  advice  of  tb.L'  ('ouiicil 

upon  tiie  petition  of  Lemuel  Crackbone  And  otlicr.^  uf  'die  town  of 

Hastport,  praying  foi-  tlie  establislinient  of  a  Light   Infantry  <  oin- 

pany.   thereupon   ortlers    that   i.enuiel  Crackbone  and   others   the 

.said  petitioners,  together  with  those  who  may  associate  witli  them, 

by  voluntary  enlistment  within  the  limits  of  the  third  Regiment  in 

the  Second  Brigade  of  the  tenth  Division   be  formed  into  a   Light 

Infantry  company,  .md    that    the    same    l)e    armexed    to  the   said 

Regiment. 

by  ordei  of  the  Commander-in-Chief 

\V\:.  Dknmson. 

Adiutant-*  iener.d. 


It 


At  that  time,  iirigadier-general  lohn  Brewer  was  eom- 
niander  of  the  Second  lirigade  ;  and  Jonathan  IJartlett,  of 
Kastport,  was  brigade  major.  In  those  years,  the  little  vil- 
lage of  Robbinston  was  the  military  head-quarters  of  the 
frontier,  being  the  home  of  (ieneral  John  lireuer,  (ieneral 
John  Juilkam,  Colonel  'I'homas  \'ose,  Jr.,  and  ISLajor  Job 
Johnson.  .At  that  time,  regiments  were  organized  under 
command  of  a  lieutenant-colonel,  with  two  majors.     Oliver 


466 


KASII'Okl     .\M>    I'ASSAMAi '(JODhY 


i 


iti 


Sheatl,  of  Kaslport,  was  lieutenant-colonel,  and  Jose|)h  Whit- 
ney, of  (Calais,  and  John  lialkam,  of  Robbuiston,  majors  of 
the  Third  Regiment,  which  consisted  f)f  one  company  of  in- 
fantry from  !\astport,  C'aptain  j.  X.  I'eavy.  Captain  Jairu> 
Keene's  company  from  Calais,  C'a|)tain  Reynolds's  Luber 
company,  one  from  Robbinston,  commanded  by  Captain 
Thomas  Vose,  Jr.,  and  the  Dennysville  company,  of  wliich 
at  the  time  l"",nsii;n  iJela  Wilder  was  the  only  commissioned 
officer.  Afterward,  ilbenezer  C.  Wilder  was  chosen  cap- 
tain, and  Daniel  Kilby  ensiji;n.  To  this  regiment,  the  new 
light  infantry  company  was  joined.  In  the  brij^ade  was 
a  battalion  of  artillery  imder  command  of  Major  .Samuel 
Wheeler,  of  Mastport,  which  consisted  of  the  companies  ol 
Captain  M.  J.  'I'albot,  of  Machias,  and  Captain  Williani 
Hill.'^,  of  l'',asl[)ort,  tlu'  latter  niusterin,:;  with  the  'I'hird 
Regiment. 

pjy  order  of  Colonel  Shead,  tiie  following  petitionets  — 
Mr.  Lemuel  Crackbone,  John  IJuck,  Samuel  Hall,  Thomas 
Green,  Thoinas  Treadwell,  Alanson  T.  Rice,  Stephen  Halt  h, 
Henry  Taylor.  John  Wood,  I'hilip  T.  Bell,  Amos  l'"owler. 
Seth  Hlanchard,  Job  K.  I5ennett,  Henry  Poet,  Ceorge  Street. 
Jeremiah  Chase,  Noah  Kifield,  P^ihel  Olmstead,  George 
Hobbs.  Samuel  H.  Wadsworth.  Robert  Newcomb,  John  Bas- 
tow,  (Jharles  Peavey,  Thomas  M.  Woodward  —  were  notified, 
and  warned  to  meet  in  front  of  the  (iun  House  on  the  2y\ 
of  Mav,  al  4  I'.m.,  to  choose  officers.  ( )n  that  occasion. 
Sewaicl  lki(-knam  was  chosen  captain,  Isaac  Lakeman  lieu 
tenant,  and  Lemuel  Crackbone  ensign.  'I'he  latter  declined 
to  accept  the  position,  and  soon  after  moved  to  Boston, 
where  for  many  years  he  was  agent  for  the  Kastport  line  ol 
packets,  and  had  intimate  business  connections  with  our  mer- 
chants. Thomas  H.  Woodwird  was  chosen  to  fill  the  va 
cancy,  and  he  seems  not  to  have  served  long;  and  William 
J"'rost  became  ensign  in    icSij.     .Abijah  Gregory,  Samuel    P> 


KASII'iikl     IK. II  I     INFANIkY 


4"  7 


Wadsworth,  N'athaniel  V.  I'Vjs'Hck,  and  Lewis  Pntnan)  were 
chosen  sergeants.  It  was  also  voted  to  adopt  the  foilowin^:; 
uniform  :  blue  short  coat  faced  with  red  and  triinined  witli 
binding;  white  kerseymere  pantaloons,  trimmed  with  red; 
vests  bound  with  red  cord  ;  black  gaiters,  trimnu'd  with  red  ; 
cartridge  boxes,  with  red  bells  t()  clasp  round  the  body;   caps 


and 


ams  to  be  left  to  the  discri'tion  of  the  coniniittee. 


in  ireneral  orders  o 


f  f 


une  27,  iSi^,  Colonel  vShead  recjuests 
"the  officers  of  the  several  companies  to  exert  themselves  in 
having  good  music,  the  Clovernment  having  furnished  each 
company  with  a  drum  and  t'lfe,  no  doubt  some  persons  can 
be  bought  to  beat  the  drum  and  |:)lay  the  fife,  and  hoj^es  at 
the  fall  inspection  the  3d  Keginient  will  in  music  and  every 
othiT  martial  and  military  evolution  ecjual  tin:  2d  Regiment." 
The  brigadier-general  had  praised  the  acromplishinent  oi  the 
Second  Regiment,  which  had  its  head-([uarters  at  Machias. 
Immediately  after  this  came  tidings  of  the  declaration  of  war 
against  Mnghmd,  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  June,  1S12:  and 
the  general  orders  show  various  steps  of  preparation  for  the 
defence  of  the  frontier.  One  from  (General  ISrewer,  dated 
at  Robbinston,  June  28,  directs  the  commanding  officer  of 
the  1  astport  Light  Infantry  to  consult  with  the  committee  of 
[Hiblic  safety  for  the  town  of  I'',astport  on  the  most  proper 
disposal  of  his  1  ompany  for  the  purpose  of  tlefending  tlu' 
town. 

Another  book  contains  company  records,  and  gives  rriiorts 
of  meetings  fot  \arious  purposes  of  organization,  voting  in 
new  members,  and  drill  held  at  Mrs.  Young's  and  John 
Wood's  inns  :  and  the  accounts  of  the  compan\-  in  the  same 
book  show  considerable  sums  paid  for  liquors,  and  in  those 
davs  it  would  have  been  much  the  same,  had  it  been  the 
assembling  of  an  association  lor  building  a  meetinv;  house. 
\.  K.  Fosdick  was  clerk  of  the  company,  and  the  records 
show  his  clear  chirogra[)h\'.      I  h  re  is  a  sad  item  :   "This  tlay 


W>J 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


Ik 


IIIIM 

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JIM 

40 


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1.8 


1.25       j.4       1.6 

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c*J 


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A 


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Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  NY    14560 

(716)  872-4503 


468 


KASTPOKP    AM)    I'ASSAMAi  iI'ODI  >S 


Lieut.  Isaac  Lakeman  wlio  depaiti-d  this  life  April  27th  iSi|, 
was  buiit'd  with  military  honors  uiulcr  comiuaiul  of  ]"",nsij;ti 
William  Frost";  and  two  jiages  further  on  appears  another 
entry  which  it  must  have  been  still  harder  for  a  soldier  to 
make, — 

Mocist'  island  captun-d  hy  ilir  Kny;Iisli  this  d.iyjuly  iitli  iNlj, 
and  the  Eastport  Light  Infaiitr\  Company  i  ommanded  by  Ensign 
W.  Frost  was  under  the  disagreeable  necessity  of  delivering  up 
their  arms. 


I 


But  Orderly  Sergeant  i''osdi(  k  carefully  puts  away  his  book 
and  bides  his  time,  and  four  years  later  was  able  to  make 
immediately  below  on  llu'  same  page  the  following  jid)ilant 
report  :  — 

June  30th  iSiS,  this  day  Mmise  Island  wa.s  surrendered  hy 
Capt.  K.  Cdhhons  ol  his  Majesty's  i;Stli  Regiment,  agreeable  to 
the  4th  article  of  the  Treaty  of  (Ilient,  10  Brig.  (ien.  Miller  on  the 
part  of  the  United  Slates,  and  Col.  Ilenry  Sargent  on  the  part  of 
this  Stale.  The  American  tlag  was  hoisted  this  morning  at  (> 
o'clock,  which  was  greeted  liy  the  iidiabit.uits  with  six  hearty 
cheers  I 

With  the  resumption  of  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
a  new  era  of  prosperity  for  the  town  set  in;  and,  with  the 
fresh  impetus  given  to  business,  social,  and  religious  interests, 
the  military  organizations  were  not  forgotten.  A  meeting 
of  the  remaining  mendoers  of  the  Light  Infantry  was  called 
on  the  3d  of  August,  18 18,  at  which  N.  V.  Vosdick  was  chosen 
chairman  and  Samuel  15.  W'adsworth  secretary.  By  death 
and  removal  from  town,  they  had  been  left  without  commis 
sioned  officers ;  and  it  w  as  voted  that  the  chairman  be  re- 
<iuested  "to  write  to  Col.  John  Balkam  for  orders  to  call  the 
company  together  for  clioice  of  officers,  and  that  he  lie  desired 
to   assist   in  securing  our  former  establishment."     A  large 


jg. 


EASTPORT    LK.Ul    IMA.MRY 


469 


^■. 


number  of  new  members  were  voted  in.  Colonel  Balkam 
issueil  an  order  to  Sergeant  Fosdick  to  convene  the  company 
under  his  command  for  choice  of  officers,  and  the  following 
were  elected  :  Captain  Seward  llucknam,  Lieutenant  Leonard 
Pierce,  Knsij^n  Isaac  Hobbs.  Jr.  ('aptain  Bucknam  declined ; 
and  a'l  a  later  meeting  a  committee,  consisting  of  Leonard 
i'ierce,  Isaac  Hobbs,  Jr.,  Thomas  Child,  Jonathan  Buck,  and 
William  Delesdernier,  were  appointed  to  select  a  candidate  for 
commanding  officer.  They  proposed  thi-  name  of  I.  K.  Chad 
bourne,  and  he  was  chosen.  Thomas  Cliild,  Robert  Tetherly, 
and  Samuel  Whitcomb  were  chosen  to  t'dl  the  vacancies  as 
sergeants.  Later,  the  following  uniform  was  decided  upon  : 
short  blue  cfiat,  single-breasted,  and  standing  collar,  with 
four  buttons  on  same,  three  rows  of  button^  in  front,  [iocket- 
[laps  with  four  buttons,  buttons  to  be  stamj^ed  with  the  arms 
of  ^^lssachusetts.  a  lace  diamond  on  each  fold  ;  round  hat 
with  cockade,  and  small  eagle  ;  black  silk  handkerchief  over 
white  waistcoat,  with  white  dowlas  pantaloons.  The  uniform 
appears  to  have  been  made  by  Starboard  >.\:  Rice.  A  pattern 
of  hat  from  Portland  not  being  satisfactory,  it  was  decided 
to  have  them  made  at  home;  and  it  was  then  voted  "  that 
every  member  leave  the  size  (»f  his  ht:ad  with  Jonas  Cleason 
to-morrow  if  prai  tioablr,"  'I'he  company  meetings  were  held 
at  Captain  Swett's,  .Mr.  Bates's,  or  Mrs.  Mitclud's  tavL'rns  : 
and  the  place  of  drill  was  at  liailiaway's  store.  Oct.  21, 
iSirj,  they  met  to  fire  at  a  target,  and  it  is  recorded  that  .Mr. 
Samuel  White  proved  to  be  the  bi'St  marksman  ;  and  in  tlie 
evening  the  company  partook  of  a  supper  prepared  b\-  Mr. 
Steplien  Jones.  .\t  this  time  Benjamin  King,  a  former  mem- 
ber of  the  company,  was  chosen  lieutenant-colonel  of  the 
regiment.  Oct.  11.  iSk),  Private  Islijah  D.  (Ireen  asked  his 
discharge  from  the  compan\-,  wliich  was  granted  ;  and  he 
afterward  became  colonel  of  the  regiment. 

In   March,  1S20,  Captain  Chadbourne  resigned   to  accept 


47° 


r.ASTI'ORT    AND    I'ASSAM AQUODDY 


the  position  ((f  division  inspector  on  the  slalf  of  Major-^cn- 
cral  Hcrricl<,  and  I'.iisign  i  iol)bs  resigned  soon  after.  'I'licn 
Leonard  Pierce  was  <  iiosen  captain,  N.  F.  I'osdick  lieutenant, 
anfl  'I'honias  ('hild  »;nsign.  Sept.  14,  1S20,  the  Mastjiort 
bridge  connecting  the  island  with  the  mainland  was  opened 
with  great  rejoicings  ;  and  a  procession,  under  the  escort  of 
the  Artillery  and  Light  Infantry  under  command  of  ('aptain 
Leonard  Pierce,  perfijrmed  the  inauguration  ceremony  by 
marching  across  and  returniiiLr  with  Hags  and  inusi(\  'I'lir 
Light  .Infantry  performed  escort  duty  regularly  at  the  annu;il 
I'ourtii  of  July  celebrations.  April  3,  1S21,  Theodore  Lin- 
coln, Jr.,  writes  from  Dennysville,  asking  discharge  on  ac- 
count of  the  inconvenience  of  doing  duty  while  living  so  far 
away. 

In  iS_'2  :ui';lher  uniformed  company  was  added  to  the  regi- 
ment by  the  organization  of  the  Lubec  Rille  Corps  under  the 
command  of  CajHain  Life  Smith.  After  the  setting  cjIT  of 
Maine  as  an  independent  Stale,  the  militia  organization  was 
but  little  changed,  cxcei^t  in  the  numbers  of  the  divisions, 
the  eastern,  formerly  the  tenth,  becoming  the  third  division. 
Some  time  later,  when  a  new  regiment  had  been  formed,  tak- 
ing away  the  companies  of  the  towns  north  of  Perry,  Laslj^ort 
became  the  hea(l-(|ii.uters  of  the  Third  Regiment,  l-'irst  ihig- 
ade,  Seventh  Division  of  tin;  Militia  of  Maine.  ( )n  the  jtli 
of  July,  1824,  the  company  was  i)resented  with  an  elegant 
standard  by  Seward  IJucknam,  Lsq,,  its  first  connnander.  with 
a  brief  address,  which  was  responded  to  by  luisign  ( ).  S. 
Livermore,  who  accepted  it  in  behalf  of  the  compan\'.  In 
August,  1826,  the  company,  under  the  command  of  Lieutenant 
Livermore,  went  to  Lubec  to  perform  escort  duty  at  the  funeral 
of  Major  Lemuel  Trescott,  a  Revolutionary  veteran,  who  had 
served  under  Lafayette,  and  held  prominent  public  positions 
in  later  years.  The  following  is  a  complele  roll  of  the  com- 
jiany  Sept.  9,  1S2 4  :  — 


KASTPOkT    I.IC.lll'    IXKANiKV 


47' 


Captain,  Nath;iiiitl  F.  I'osdick  ;  lieutenant,  John  L.  How- 
man  ;  ensij)jn.  Oliver  S.  Livermore  ;  sergeants,  John  Sliaw, 
|nsei)ii  (lunnison,  Benjamin  Kilby,  John  Hinckley;  musi- 
cians, Reuben  Knox,  John  Mason.  Rank  and  file,  Benja- 
min Folsom,  Philip 'r.  Bell.  Alexander  Todd,  Joshua  Hinkley, 
Barney  Allen,  I'-ben  Adams,  Stephen  l^oardman,  Owen  Hink- 
ley, Beniamin  Bell,  'I'homas  P.ibber,  William  luistis,  (Jeorge 
Hobbs,  Thomas  Rogers,  John  Sawyer,  John  Rice,  Eben  Star- 
board, Samuel  L.  Fernald,  Xeal  I).  Shaw,  Solomon  Rice, 
Humphrey  I'eavey,  James  (1.  Kimball,  William  W.  Chapman, 
Willard  Child,  (Jharles  S.  Page,  Horatio  I).  Balch,  Frederick 
Hobbs,  Leonard  Shaw,  Jacob  Turner,  Thomas  Burrill,  James 
I',.  Hatheway,  John  Snow,  Francis  W.  Poland,  John  Y.Jones, 
James  H.  Olmstead,  Thomas  A.  I^rewer,  Samuel  Witherell, 
A.  L.  Field,  i'ranklin  Burgin,  JoliU  liurgin,  Jr.,  (iilbert  Foster. 

At  a  p(;riod  rather  more  than  half  a  century  ago,  the  mili- 
tia system  of  the  country  may  be  said  to  have  been  at  its 
best,  though  the  causes  which  led  to  its  dissolution  were 
already  at  work.  Military  service  was  then  a  public  duty, 
from  which  oidy  seafaring  people  and  some  other  less  numer- 
ous classes  were  exempt.  The  State  made  no  remuneration 
for  time  or  expenses,  except  a  trifling  allowance  on  muster 
days,  when  the  selectmen  of  the  several  tf)uns  were  required 
to  pay  their  soldiers  fifty  cents  each  in  lieu  of  rations.  I  well 
remember  seeing  Mr.  Williatn  M.  Brooks,  chairman  of  the 
board  of  selectmen  of  Fasti^ort,  accompanied  by  the  town 
treasurer,  passing  along  the  ranks,  and  handing  to  each  sol- 
dier his  silver  coin,  with  the  same  pleasant  courtesy  of  man 
ner  whicli  he  still  retains  in  his  ninet)  fifth  year.  He  is  a 
real  veteran  militia  man,  not  only  because  he  stood  guard  at 
night  in  1812  in  his  native  Salem,  when  the  alarm  came  that 
the  British  were  landing  at  Marblehead,  but  also  for  his  ser- 
vice as  ensign  of  the  Lubec  militia,  which,  when  he  was 
chosen    to    tiial    rank    seventy  years   ago  while   in  business 


472 


EASTrORl     AND    I'ASSAMA*  "UODI  )Y 


there,  when  Eastporl  was  still  held  under  British  martial  law, 
was.  a  sturdy  corps,  one  hundred  and  twenty  strong,  under 
command  of  (Japtain  William  Phelps,  with  Charles  Lowell  as 
lieutenant. 

deneral  muster  fifty  years  ago  was  a  notable  annual  event ; 
and,  when  the  citizen  soldiery  of  the  Passamaquoddy  towns 
were  brought  together  at  Eastport  in  the  fall,  the  regimental 
line  was  formed  on  High  Street,  and  then  started  on  its 
march  through  town  and  out  to  the  muster  field  near  Prince 
Regent's  Redoubt.  At  the  front  appeared  the  P^astport 
Artillery,  with  its  lines  stretched  out  by  heavy  horse  teams, 
drawing  their  brass  cannon  and  tumbrels.  Ne.xt  followed  the 
Light  Infantry,  conspicuous  for  brilliant  uniform  and  good 
marching.  The  ununiformed  militia  of  Kastport,  Lubec, 
Perry,  Pembroke,  Dennysville,  Ldmands,  Whiting,  and  Tres- 
cott  came  after,  in  the  order  of  the  seniority  of  their  com- 
manding officers  ;  and  the  Lubec  Rifles,  in  their  neat  dress, 
closed  up  the  rear.  The  standards  of  the  independent  com- 
panies waved  above  their  ranks,  and  the  two  white  regi- 
mental flags  were  borne  by  color-sergeants  at  the  centre. 
The  drums  and  fifes  of  the  several  companies  were  massed 
together,  and  screeched,  rattled,  and  boomed  certain  marches 
and  tunes  always  associated  with  i.iuster  days;  and  to  the 
boy  of  the  period,  as  well  as  to  some  of  larger  growth,  the 
spectacle  was  both  an  interesting  and  imposing  one. 

But,  as  has  been  suggested,  causes  were  already  at  work 
which  put  an  end,  not  only  to  the  old  general  muster  day, 
but  also  to  the  militia  system  of  which  it  was  a  part.  The 
country  had  long  been  at  peace.  There  was  a  prevalent 
unbelief  in  the  necessity  of  preparation  for  war,  or  at  any  rate 
a  doubt  about  the  etificiency  of  this  kind  of  preparation  ;  and 
some  good  people  even  went  so  far  as  to  advocate  principles 
of  non-resistance.  The  commissions  in  the  ununiformed 
town  companies,  which   had  heretofore  been  worthy  objects 


EASTl'ORT    LIGHT    INFANTRY 


473 


of  ambition,  were  now  in  some  cases  filled  in  a  way  to  cast 
ridicule  on  the  service.  Tcople  began  to  look  upon  reciuire- 
ments  for  military  service  as  an  unnecessary  burden,  and 
brought  about  the  weakening  and  repeal  of  the  laws  compel- 
ling it;  and  the  end  soon  came.  One  muster  day  at  Kast- 
port,  no  regimental  officer  being  present,  the  senior  captain, 
Benjamin  Hobart,  of  Edmands,  took  command  ;  and,  wlun 
in  September,  1842,  Colonel  Favor  summoned  his  regiment 
to  appear  at  muster  at  Pembroke,  the  Light  Infantry  was  rep- 
resented by  an  ununiformed  squad,  and  the  Lubec  Rides  by 
a  single  officer,  and  that  was  the  end. 

The  records  of  the  Light  Infantry  from  1829  to  1839  ^^'-'''e 
destroyed  in  the  great  fire  of  the  latter  year;  but,  in  a  new 
book  opened  afterward,  C'a|)tain  I'eabody  transcribed  the  by- 
laws of  the  company  and  the  enrolment  of  members  after 
1829  as  gathered  from  other  sources.  The  tollowing  is  a 
copy  of  the  list,  including  subsequent  enlistments  :  — 


I, 


Joseph  liurnliani, 
George  W.  Kolsom, 
Chas.  H.  Haytlen. 
Nelson  Harrington. 
Simeon  Higgins, 
Josiah  Shaw, 
Seward  C.  Huckiiam. 
John  Capen, 
Samuel  li.  Wheeler, 
Henry  Prince, 
Charle.s  Stevens. 
Andrew  Tucker,  Jr., 
Charles  H.  FLayden,  2 
Samuel  M.  Cony, 
lienj.  F.  Bucknam, 
William  H.  Shaw, 
Francis  M.  SahiiK-, 
DeWolf  Hartlett. 


Jeremiah  1^.  I.ovett, 
John   I5ent, 
Tiiomas  Coif  man, 
liiram  S.  Favor, 
Jacob  Gutterson, 
John  Burgin,  Jr., 
L.  I'".  Delesdt  rnii.r, 
Wm.  N.  Weston, 
Win.  1).  Bartlett, 
Wm.  A.  Sabine, 
John  .S.  Pearce, 
Smith  Tinkharn. 
C.  W.  Hume, 
Jesse  G.  .Merriani, 
I'rcderii  k  Bull, 
J.  C.  Shaw, 
John  Norton,  Jr., 
Peter  Gillii^an, 


1 1 


f^' 


'1 . 


474 


KASri'OUr    AM)    PASSAMA(>IJ()DDY 


Francis  H.  Drew, 
Stward  I!.  Hume, 
Stephen  F.  (];ile, 
W'mi.  1'.  IJucknam, 
Keed  liartlett, 
Wni.  F.  Slet.son, 
C'lias.  ISrnoks,  Jr.. 
Simon  Ste^ens, 
Amos  T.  Seaman, 
David  Hatcli. 
Daniel  I.  Odeil, 
\Vm.  n.  Wariincr, 
J.  C.  Dana, 
Thomas  Oaks, 
\Vm.  McCulchcon, 
James  Thompson, 
Tiios.  W.  (.archier, 
Leonard  hrooks, 
David  Rome, 
Charles  11.  Baker. 
VVm.  S.  .Spencer, 
Cleo.  A.  I'eabody, 
William  H.  Kilby, 
Samuel  Shackfcrd. 
Jt)hn  Rejj;an, 


Stephen  Johnson, 
lienj.  A.  I'ettingall. 
Henry  A.  I'ettinj,^dl, 
Robert  Mowe,  Jr., 
Henry  ]'>.  Williams, 
Seth  h.  Mitchell, 
W.  H.  (".a<,'e. 
N.  J.  Deeriiig, 
Robert  Henry, 
Luther  L.  I'ottei, 
Thomas  llurnliam. 
Daniel  1'.  Coffin. 
.Samuel  R.  Lyram, 
Andrew  Mullineaux, 
Joseph  V.  I5urgin, 
Cieorge  Norton, 
Ckason  Appileby, 
Isaiah  C.  Lowe, 
Oliver  I'ainc, 
Isaac  Wilder, 
John  McCire^or, 
John  Van  Buren, 
Henry  K.  Hates, 
Aaron  1  lavden,  Jr., 
Henry  H.  Waide. 


'I'lie  captains  in  this  period  were  ().  S.  Liverniore,  Sanuicl 
Witherell,  and  (leorge  A.  Peabody  ;  and  tlie  subalterns,  John 
Shaw  (afterward  lieutenant-colonel),  Jolin  Hinkley,  Theodore 
(  utts,  Jo.seph  S.  Cony,  ICIias  Merrill,  Hiram  S.  l''avor, 
Charles  Stevens,  and  Simon  Stevens. 

'I'he  last  imiform  was  one  which  had  been  worn  by  the 
Boston  Lij^ht  Infantry,  with  heavy  leathern  caps  and  tall, 
white  plumes,  tipped  with  recL  The  company's  Hag  was 
a  fine  one  of  white  silk,  painted  by  ("odman,  of  Portland, 
showing  in  the  foreground  a  young  soldier  in  the  uniform  of 


KASTPOK 


l.lf.ll  I     INI  AN  IkV 


475 


tlif  corps,  will)  an  L'licampinent  in  a  fine  landscape  in  ihc 
backj;rounfl,  and  the  motto,  "  ReniL-mbcr  what  your  fathers 
were,  conquerors."  Prioi  to  tlie  (•reclion  of  'I'rescolt  Hall, 
where  the  company  afr.Mwaid  met  for  drill  and  parade,  the 
grounds  near  the  Unitarian  meeting-house,  where  tin-  |-ar.-,on 
age  now  stands,  were  used  for  that  jiurpose,  and  the  iMitry 
of  that  church  for  a  refuge  in  case  of  foul  weather. 

In  1831.  the  company  marched  out  to  (Ileason's  Point  in 
Perry,  and  set  uj)  their  tents  for  an  encampment,  i)ut  were 
favored  with  a  drenching  rain,  which  spoiled  the  enjoyment. 
When  (Governor  Kent  visited  l-'.astport  in  1S38,  the  comi)any 
turned  out,  and  lionored  him  with  a  salute.  Wlien  the  .Stale 
was  mustering  its  forces  in  the  Aroostook  War,  the  I-ight 
Infantry  volunteered  its  services,  but  were  not  called  upon, 
i'he  company  performed  escort  duty  when  memorial  services 
were  held  at  Kastport  after  the  death  of  I'resident  Harrison. 
The  comi)any  was  now  feeling  the  general  decline  of  intert;st 
in  military  matters ;  and,  though  numbers  of  young  men 
were  vf)ted  in  as  members,  none  joined.  .\t  a  meeting  Jan. 
4,  1842,  it  was  voted  that  James  Thompson  and  W.  H.  Kill)\ 
be  a  committee  to  solicit  persr)ns  to  become  members  of  the 
company;  and,  three  months  later.  Mr.  Thompson  reported 
an  entire  failure.  Th(;  last  action  rcorded  was  a  vote  to 
let  the  bass  drum  to  the  Orphean  i'.and  at  twelve  and  a  half 
cents  a  night,  and  in  1843  the  coinpaiix'  dissolved. 


I    f 


n  ^ 


i< 


I »' 


CHAPTF.R    WII, 


A     IJORDKR    RAID. 


In  the  summer  of  1824,  the  British  armed  sloop  "  Dot- 
terel "  made  a  good  deal  of  disturbance  among  the  American 
fishermen  in  the  Hay  of  Piindy  ;  and  one  notable  incident 
connected  with  her  movements  is  worthy  of  being  related, 
as  illustrating  a  phase  of  frontier  life  at  that  time. 

On  the  26th  of  July,  1824,  two  Lubec  schooners,  the 
"  Ruby  "  and  the  "  Reindeer,"  were  seized  by  the  "  Dotterel  '" 
at  'I\vo  Island  Harbor,  (Irand  Manan.  Their  masters  were 
held,  and  the  crews  put  on  board  schooners  "  Friend  "  and 
"  Diligence,"  and  sent  homeward.  The  two  latter,  sailing  up 
through  the  Narrows,  were  soon  at  Lubec.  Then,  knowing 
that  the  captured  vessels  were  on  their  way  to  St.  Andrews, 
lightly  manned,  and  were  coming  in  by  Head  Harbor,  quite 
near  I'.astport,  the  old  crews  proposed  to  get  re-enforcements, 
and  go  out  and  retake  them.  .As  the  "  Friend  "  had  got 
aground,  and  no  time  could  be  lost,  the  schooner  "  Madison  " 
was  substituted  in  her  place  ;  and,  a  leader  being  wanted 
for  the  impromptu  expedition,  a  boat  was  sent  on  shore  at 
Fastport.  and  one  found  at  short  notice  in  the  person  ot 
VVilliani  A.  Howard,  a  clerk  with  the  firm  of  (Ireen  &  Shaw. 
Union  Wharf, —  a  daredevil  young  fellow,  hardly  out  of  hi> 
teens.  One  *  who  happened  to  be  on  the  wharf  at  the  time, 
and  looked  on  with  boyish  wonder  and  admiration  as  How- 
ard came  out  of  the  store  and  took  his  seat  at  the  stern  of 
the  bv'iat  to  be  rowed  otT  to  join  in  the  frav,  describes  him  as 

*  Ciptain  Simon  II.  Pike,  ol  Lubec. 


A    I'.OUnK.R     UAII) 


477 


arrayed  in  a  round  blue  jacket,  witli  a  crimson  sash  about  his 
waist,  and  |)istols  shf)V(.-(l  in  on  eitiier  side,  I(jokin<j;  bke  an 
ideal  sea-figlUer. 

The  following  extracts  from  documents  presented  to  (^)n- 
giess  Feb.  i8,  1S25.  will  i;ive  the  details  of  the  story  as  re- 
ported from  both  sides.  I'irst  comes  a  letter  from  Mr. 
Addington,  the  liritish  minister,  to  John  (^)uincy  Adams, 
Secretary  of  .State,  dated  Washington,  Oct.  5.  1824.  in  which, 
after  referring  to  other  matters,  he  writes:  — 

r>v  a  perusal  of  the  inclosed  d(jeunients  you  will  pi  rceive  tii.it, 
after  tlie  detention  of  the  Keiudecr  and  Ruby  by  tiie  master  of 
Dotterel,  and  wliile  on  their  way  to  St.  .Andrews,  an  attack  was 
made  on  the  vessels  by  two  schooners  and  an  open  boat,  under 
.lincri^aii  colo/s.  full  of  iii  i/iit/  •luu.  -juith  muskets  a)id  Jixai  bay- 
OHt'ts.  amounting  to  about  one  hundred,  headed  by  .Mr.  Howard,  of 
Kastport,  who  is  said  to  be  a  captain  in  the  United  .Slates  militia, 
in  consequence  of  which  the  master  thought  it  most  prudent  to 
surrender  to  such  superior  force. 

Tiiis,  sir,  is  an  outrage  of  such  a  nature  as  to  leave  me  no  other 
alternative  than  to  make  a  formal  demand  from  the  American 
(iovcrnment  (or  the  inihction  oi  puinshment  on  the  olfender.s. 


The  accompanying  documents  consisted  of  a  letter  from 
Rear-Admiral  VV.  T.  Lake,  dated  at  Halifa.v,  forwarding 
another  from  Richard  Hoare,  commander  of  the  "  Dotterel," 
also  enclosinjr  the  followini:  :  — 


.SV; 


Hi-.  Majksty's  Si.ooi-,  Dottkkki/s  Boat. 
St.  Andkkw's,  X.H.,  July  ::7,   1824. 


I  beg  leave  to  represent  that  on  the  25  inst.,  when  cruising  in 
the  yawl,  in  pursuance  of  your  orders,  off  the  (Irand  .Menan  for 
the  protection  of  our  fisheries,  I  received  information  of  several 
American  fishing  vessels  being  at  anchor  at  Two  Island  Harbor, 
and  that  two  of  them,  namely,  Reindeer  and  Ruby,  of  Lubec, 
were  at  White  Island   Harbor  on  the  24th,  where  they  got  their 


47« 


KASII'OKI     AND    I'ANSAMACjroDDY 


wood  and  water,  ami  that,  on  their  anchorin;;,  tliey  tirtd  their 
muskets,  aiul  told  the  inliahitaiUs  they  were  armed,  and  would  not 
allow  any  man-of-war's  hoat  to  board  tlu-m  ;  and  after  they  had 
their  supplies  they  shifted  to   Two  Island  H.irbor,  Grand  Menan. 

I  made  sail  from  (iull  Cove,  and  at  daylight,  the  26,  observed 
four  schooners  at  anchor  at  Two  Island  harbor,  which  vessels  ^ot 
under  way  on  our  api)earin,<; :  when  I  got  close  to  three  of  them 
they  lashed  alon^-side  ot  each  other,  and  all  hands,  about  thirtv 
in  number,  went  on  board  the  middle  one  with  their  fire-arms  and 
fish-spears.  1  desired  them  to  separate,  which  they  refused  to  do 
until  I  threatened  to  fire  on  them.  On  boarding,  they  proved  to 
be  the  Reindeer,  master's  name  Small,  and  Ruby,  master's  name 
Small,  (brothers,)  of  Lubec,  two  fishing  vessels,  and  I'riend's  shal- 
lop of  tlie  same  place. 

It  being  fine  weather,  and  they  not  being  in  want  of  food  or 
wafer,  I  detained  the  Reindeer  and  Ruby,  and  put  their  crews,  witii 
the  exception  of  their  masters,  on  board  the  two  American  schoon 
ers.  with  provisions,  for  a  passage  to  Lubec,  and  made  sail  in  the 
Reindeer  and  Ruby  for  St  Andrew's  through  East  Ouoddv.  .About 
6,  I'.M.,  when  abreast  of  Harbor  de  I.ute,  I  observed  two  schooners 
and  an  open  boat,  full  of  armed  .tien.  muskets  and  fixed  bayonets, 
hoisting  American  colors;  one  of  them  went  along-side  Mr.  Town- 
can,  in  the  Ruby,  boarded  and  ti^ok  the  arms  from  him  and  liis 
three  men;  the  one  abreast  of  mr  was  kept  of?  for  al)i)ut  a  quarter 
of  an  hour,  when  they  commenced  firing  into  us.  Though  with 
great  reluctani  e,  I  tiiought  it  most  prudent  to  surrender  to  such 
suiierior  force,  having  but  four  men.  one  musket  and  three  cut- 
lasses. On  delivering  them  up,  I  found  there  were  in  the  schoon- 
ers about  a  hundred  armed  men.  including  the  crews  of  the 
schooners,  aliout  thirty  in  number,  the  rest  having  tlie  appearance 
of  militia  men,  and  headed  by  a  Mr.  Howard,  of  Kastport,  said  to 
be  a  captain  in  llie  United  States  Militia. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be.  etc., 

John  Joni  s,  MasttM- 


On   receipt   of    these   papers,   Kiher  Shepley,  the   United 
States  district  attorney  for  Maine,  appears  to  have  been  sent 


f^ 


A     I'.OROKR     RAID 


479 


to  Eastport  and  Lul^ec.  to  Cf)llc'c-t  eviclcnce  in  relation  to  this 
and  other  matters  connected  witli  seiziiies  made  by  the 
"Dotterel";  and  the  fdllowin;;  statements  accompany  his 
report :  — 

I,  Rfthert  Small,  master  of  the  schooner  Reindeer,  nf  I.uliec.  on 
oath  testify  and  say  that  :  it  is  my  practise,  tittini;  out  for  the  Msh- 
eries,  to  fill  the  barrels  which  I  use  for  oil  barrels  with  water,  and, 
as  I  use  the  water  and  empty  the  barrels,  to  till  them  witii  oil.  I 
purchased  the  barrels  while  fitting  out  this  cruise,  and  did  not  see 
them  till  after  tilled  ;  there  were  eij^dit  filled  with  water.  We  left 
the  harbor  the  twenty-si. \th  dav  of  July,  and  procei'ded  on  the 
fishing  ground  near  Orand  .Manan  I5ank ;  continued  to  tish  two  or 
three  days,  and  then  discovered  that  the  water  in  si.\  of  my  barrels 
was  salt,  so  that  1  could  not  use  it,  the  barrels  having  been  used 
for  .sahing  beef  and  pork.  Fiiulin^^  my  water  all  bad  and  e.\i)cnded, 
ran  into  Two  Island  harbor  for  water,  and  went  on  shore  and  ob- 
tained my  water :  laid  there  till  the  ne.xt  morning,  becalmed  ;  tiien 
made  sail  for  the  banks;  got  out  about  a  mile  ami  a  half  or  two 
miles,  and  the  wind  died  away  and  left  me  becalmed  again  ;  soon 
discovered  the  barge  of  the  iJrilish  armed  brig  Dotterel,  the  Ridiy, 
the  Friend,  and  boat  Diligence,  lying  in  the  same  harbor,  and  near 
me:  the  barge  cam''  up  and  fired:  ordered  the  anchor  to  be 
dropi)ed,  which  wa.^  done  ;  the  mister  of  the  barge  then  ordered 
us  to  i)art  —  the  Ruby  .md  Reindeer  being  connected  with  a  small 
line  —  which  was  obeved:  the  vessels  parted:  he  then  oithred 
the  Ruby  to  drop  her  am  hor,  whicii  was  dune:  he  tlien  c.ime 
on  board  our  vessel,  the  Reindeer,  in  a  great  rage;  he  demanded 
the  papers  which  was  i;iven  him;  they  then  threatened  to  c.irve 
us  up  like  a  turkey  or  a  piece  of  beel,  brandishing  their  (  utiasses 
about  our  heads:  took  th'.-  crew  all  cnit  and  |)ut  them  on  board  the 
si  hooncr  Friend:  then  took  out  the  crew  of  the  Ruby  and  put 
them  on  board  the  schooner  Diligence,  and  ordered  the  Friend 
and  Diligence  off :  told  them  to  go  olf  and  about  their  business. 
they  got  the  Reindeer  under  way,  bound  lor  .St.  Andrews,  and  or 
dered  the  Ruby  to  follow;  passing  up  a  little  p;ist  Harbor  de  Lute, 
two  other  vessels  hove  down  us;  one,  the  schooner  .Madison,  come 
down  u])on  the  Reindeer,, there  being  about  twenty  men  on  her 


I    I 


j.So 


KAsri'oK'r    AM)    TASSAMAi .TODDV 


deck  witli  muskets,  Imt  no  bayoiicts  iiixiii  tlitni ;  Jones,  the  master 
of  the  baijLjt.',  being  on  board  the  Keind(  er.  ordered  all  hands  and 
directed  them  to  fire  into  tlie  Mailison;  I  ilun  said  to  him,  il  you 
(ire  lute  that  vessel,  evei)  ni.in  ol  sou  will  be  shot:  lie  said,  I  be- 
lieve it:  he  then  said,  what  do  they  want,  and  who  ar.;  the\  .'  1 
s;ud  to  him,  they  aie  my  neighbors ;  tliey  want  this  vessel,  and 
the\  will  have  her:  he  then  laid  down  his  swurd  and  said,  I  sur- 
rendi  r,  unlocked  his  trunk,  took  out  the  jjapers  of  my  vessel  and 
the  Kuby  ami  gave  them  lo  me  ;  Skijiper  L'oggins  then  invited  liim 
on  board  the  Madison  ;  and  upon  my  assuring  him  that  he  might 
go  with  perfect  safety,  he  went  on  board,  drank  with  us,  went  on 
his  barge,  ;inil  went  off;  the  Rtindeer  and  Kuby  then  went  h.)ine; 
the  vessel  has  been  laid  u|)  sin'  e,  as  1  did  not  dan-  to  let  her  go 
out;  and  the  crew  has  been  upon  chari^es  also,  the  injury  to  the 
owner  and  ciew  has  been  fifteen  hundred  dollars.  I  was  in  no 
other  i'uitish  harbor,  e\(  ept  in  the  night  in  a  he;ivy  blow  and  went 
out  ag.un  before  morning.  1  saw  no  person  ;  was  not  on  shore; 
never  fired  any  musket  on  the  island,  nor  did  I  ever  state  that  I 
was  armed  or  intended  to  resisl  ;  had  only  one  old  musket  on 
board;  tisiiermen  always  c.irry  one  or  two:  the  crews  of  the  ves- 
sels Reindeer,  Kuby,  and  Diligence,  were  not  on  board  tiu'  mitldle 
one  or  any  one  of  the  vessel,  nor  was  theie  any  show  of  fire-arms 
or  fish  spears  on  board  of  either  vessels  ;  they  were  not  lashed 
together  for  resisteiue.     'I'lii.N  is  not  only  a  common  practise,  but 


is  necessarv  in 


this  bay.  where  the  lid 


e  i>  very  strong  and  runs  in 
iliffennt  directions.  There  was  not  a  gun  lired  into  the  Reindeer 
or  ;it  her  while  in  Jones  possess 


ion,  nor  w 


IS  there  a  gun  fired  at 
lu  r  till  Mr.  Jones  had  gone  on  board  the  .Madison,  and  then  only 
as  an  i  xpression  of  joy,  nor  was  there  any  gun  fired  at  the  Rul)\, 
nor  did  the  Diligence  or  any  iieison  on  board  of  her  demand  or 
take  any  arms  from  those  on  board  the  Kuby,  when  she  was  taken 
from  them,  ,ind  it  was  brought  to  llum  ;  this  was  after  the  Ruby 
had  been  surrendered,  i  have  not  lished  any  within  five  to  six 
miles  of  the  land  this  year.  i'here  is  no  fishing  ground  nearer  the 
shore,  nor  any  object  in  going  ne.ir  shore,  except  for  wood  and 
wiiter. 

ROHI'.RT    S.MAI. I,. 

Sworn  before  —  Kthi:k  SiiEi'LKV. 

November  5,  1.S24. 


A    liORDKR    KAIO 


4S1 


Elisha  Small,  master  of  the  "  Ruby,"  testifies  :  — 

He  took  out  tlie  crews  antl  i)Ut  my  crow  ^ii  Ijoard  tlie  Dilii^eiicL', 
and  the  Reindeer's  crew  on  board  the  Friend,  and  told  the  Friend 
and  Diligence  they  might  go:  put  a  midsliii)man  and  throe  mon 
on  board  the  Ruby,  and  dirocted  them  to  follow  Iiim  to  St.  An- 
drews, he  being  on  board  the  Reindeer. 

We  beat  up  round  I-^ast  Ouoddy,  and  got  up  oppo.Nite  Indian 
Island,  when  the  Diligence  and  .Madison  came  upon  u>.  The  Dili- 
gence came  upon  the  Rub)-,  having  her  own  crew  and  live  of  mv 
crew  and  two  men  from  Mastport.  twelve  in  all,  on  board,  armed 
witli  muskets,  and  hailed  us  and  ttild  us  to  give  uj)  tlie  vessel.  I 
told  the  midshipman  I  would  go  below  :  he  asked  me  not  tf)  go  ;  said 
he  would  give  uj)  the  vessel.  The  Diligence  took  ])Ossession  of  her. 
and  the  midshipman  and  his  men  went  on  board  the  barge.  Tiie 
Ruby  was  brought  in.  The  crews  of  the  three  vessels,  whicli  v.ere 
connected  in  Two  Island  harbor,  were  never  collected  on  board  of 
my  vessel,  she  being  the  middle  one,  with  muskets  and  li.di  spears  : 
nor  was  there  any  such  sliow  of  resistance  made,  or  any  such  col- 
lection of  men  on  board  of  either  vessel.  When  tlie  vessels  were 
retaken,  there  was  not  a  gun  tired  till  after  they  both  were  retaken, 
and  then  only  by  way  of  rejoicing.  They  gave  out  tlial  the_\  would 
have  the  Reindeer  and  Ruby  if  they  had  to  burn  Moose  Island.  I 
did  not,  therefore,  tiiink  it  jjrudent  to  iiust  her  at  sea  a',;ain.  The 
loss  to  the  owner  and  crew  will  be  live  hitndred  dollars. 

Ami  this  is  the  leslinionv  <it  Robert  Rumerv,  one  of  the 
crew  of  the  "  Madison  "  :  — 

I  was  a  hand  on  board  the  .Madison  when  she  was  going  out  and 
met  the  Diligence  and  l-'rieud  bringing  in  the  crews  of  the  Reiti- 
deer  and  Ruby  that  had  been  cai)tured.  After  learning  the  facts. 
we  put  about  and  ran  into  Lubtc  and  anihoicd.  Hrniainin  .Small 
wanted  us  to  go  with  them  and  help  take  the  Reinileer  and  Ruby, 
as  the  friend  had  got  aground,  and  CajDtain  Ansel  t'o^^ins.  of  the 
.\badison,  agreed  to  go,  and  all  the  crew  but  one.  and  took  <in  board 
seven  or  eight  others  :  there  were  not  more  than  twelve  iir,  at  most, 
tifteen  on  board:  had  a  tiumber  of  muskets.  l)ui  no  ba\onets:  then 


482 


EASTPORT   ANT)    PASSAAfAQUODDY 


went  down  upon  the  Reindeer;  our  skipper  hailed  tlieni,  and  told 
them  to  heave  to;  Jones  told  his  men  to  prepare  for  action  :  we 
hailed  a  second  time,  and  Jones  ordered  the  fore  sheet  cast  ott, 
and  told  Robert  Small  that  he  might  take  charge  of  his  vessel  and 
carry  her  to  Kastport.  Jones  and  his  men  went  aboard  the  bar^e, 
having  first  come  on  board  of  us  and  drank  some  grog  by  invitation, 
and  wc  went  to  Eastport.  No  guns  were  fired  till  after  the  Rein- 
deer was  retaken  and  Jones  had  left  us  and  gone  on  board  of  his 
barge,  and  then  only  by  way  of  rejoicing. 

The  matter  seems  to  have  been  dropped  here. 

Howard  afterward  entered  the  revenue  cutter  service,  and 
by  regular  promotion  became  captain.  In  the  War  of  the 
Rel)ellion,  he  held  a  prominent  position  in  the  auxiliary 
naval  force  known  as  the  Marine  Artillerv :  and  anionti  the 
vessels  under  his  command  were  the  former  Eastern  steamers 
"  Admiral  "  and  "  i'lastern  City,"  renamed  "  Guide  "  and 
"Cossack"  after  their  purchase  by  the  government. 


CHAI'TKR    .Will. 

Till':    PASSAMAQL'ODDV   TRIBE   OF    IXDfAXS.* 

The  Passamaqiioddies,  or,  as  they  were  sometimes  called, 
the  Openangos,  were  a  branch  of  the  Etc hemin  nation,  and 
apparently  of  comparatively  recent  origin.  The  opinion  i.s 
expressed  in  James  Hannay's  History  of  .Vcadia  and  by 
other  authorities  that  the  Etcheniin  or  Marcchite  tribes  of 
Indians  did  not  originally  occupy  any  portion  of  this  section  ; 
but,  just  before  the  arrival  of  the  French  discoverers  at  the 
beginning  of  the  seventeenth  century,  they  seem  to  have 
intruded  themselves  upon  the  territory  of  the  less  warlike 
Micmacs,  who  were  driven  back  to  the  gulf  and  the  penin- 
sula of  Nova  Scotia.  The  Passamaquoddies  seem  never  to 
have  been  very  numerous;  in  fact,  there  are  more  of  them  now 
than  there  ever  were  before.  Captain  John  Gyles,  who  was 
captured  at  Pemaquid  in  16S9,  and  lived  anuing  the  Indians 
on  St.  John  River  nine  years,  estimates  the  number  of  Passa- 
maquoddy  males  above  si.xteen  years  at  that  time  as  only 
thirty.  In  1764,  Sir  Francis  I'ernard,  who  was  probably 
well  informed,  also  estimated  these  warriors  at  thirty;  yet 
there  must  have  subsequently  been  an  increase,  for  in  the 
Revolutionary  War  some  forty  or  fifty  actually  bore  arms  on 
the  Whig  side.  In  the  rejiort  on  the  Indian  tribes  made  by 
Colonel  John  Allan,  superintendent,  in  1793,  he  says.  "The 
Passamaquoddy  tribe,  which  by  marriages  and  other  connec- 


*  Tor  the  material  nf  this  sktMcli,  the  fdllouiii;.;  works  liave  been  consulted  :  Han- 
n.iy's  History  of  Acadia;  Father  Velroiiiilc's  History  of  the  .Mienakis ;  the  papers  of 
Colonel  John  Allan,  cotniiiled  by  Frederic  Kidder;  and  an  article  on  the  Passania- 
maquoddy  Indians  by  Loren/.o  Sabine,  in  the  Chris/iitn  Examiner  U\x  January,  1852. 


484 


EASTPORT    AND    PASSAMAI  irODI  "V 


tions  have  removed  to  different  parts,  does  not  exceed  thirty 
resident  families."  Sullivan  estimates  the  number  in  1804  at 
130.  The  census  of  1820  gave  them  379  men,  women,  and 
children;  and  I  am  informed  that  the  best  estimate  which 
the  present  Indian  agent  is  able  to  make  puts  the  number 
at  526. 

Their  earliest  village  in  our  vicinity  was  at  Joe's  Point, 
near  St.  Andrews, —  Gunasquamecook.  They  undertook  to 
prevent  the  English  settlement  at  that  place,  and  actually 
did  seize  some  persons  who  attempted  to  survey  the  land 
there.  After  that,  Indian  Island  —  Mesiginagoske — was 
for  a  while  their  home.  In  the  settlement  of  the  disputed 
boundary  line,  both  of  these  places  falling  in  British  terri- 
tory, it  became  necessary  to  give  them  a  new  location.  In 
1794,  the  General  Court  of  INIassachusetts  by  resolve  author- 
ized "Alexander  Campbell,  John  Allan,  and  George  Still- 
man  to  negotiate  and  settle  anv  misunderstanding  or  differ- 
ence  with  the  Passamaquoddy  Indians  and  those  of  other 
tribes  connected  with  them."  These  commissioners  effected 
a  treaty  with  the  ropresentative  Indians  of  the  tribe,  confirm- 
ing their  title  to  township  No.  2,  first  range,  containing  twenty- 
three  thou-and  acres,  several  islands  in  the  St.  Croix  River, 
with  fishing  rigiits  in  the  branches,  giving  the  right  of  "sit- 
ting down  "  on  fifty  acres  of  land  at  the  carrying  place  between 
the  ]'ay  of  West  Quoddy  and  the  l>ay  of  Fundy.  also  ten  acies 
of  land  at  Pleasant  Point, —  Sybaik. —  where  they  fixed  their 
abode.  The  Commonwealth  purchased  one  hundred  acres  of 
John  Frost,  paying  ^200  therefor,  and  afterward  conveyed 
the  remaining  ninety  acres  to  their  use.  Later,  a  wood  lot 
of  two  hundred  acres,  purchased  of  'IMieodore  Lincoln,  was 
added.  This  place  was  within  the  grant  obtained  by  Sir 
Francis  Iieinard  while  governor  of  Massacliusetts  Bay;  and 
his  son,  afterward  Sir  John  Bernard,  lived  there  awhile  a  soli- 
tarv  life. 


IHE    PASSAMAQUODPY    TRIBE    OE    INDIANS 


4S5 


Captain  John  Gyles,  in  his  early  mention  of  the  Passania- 
quoddy  tribe,  names  Assaquoid  as  ciiief.  I'",L;ciemet,  whose 
name  stands  first  in  the  treaty  with  Sir  William  Phipps,  was 
of  this  tribe,  though  sometimes  called  l-lgeremet  of  Machias, 
In  February,  1696,  he  was  decoyed  by  Captain  Chubb,  the 
commander  at  Pemaquid,  into  the  vicinity  of  the  fort,  and 
treacherously  killed.  His  son,  I''<;eremet  the  Voun;;er,  was 
a  conspicuous  actor  in  the  war  which  resulted  in  the  extinc- 
tion of  the  Norrit;ewocks.  Francis  Joseph  Neptune,  or  (lov- 
ernor  Francis,  as  he  was  called,  who  died  at  Pleasant  Point 
in  1S34,  at  the  presumed  age  of  ninety-nine  years,  must  lie 
remembered  by  persons  now  living.  He  was  a  man  of  con- 
siderable intellect  and  a  kindly  disposition.  M\-  failuT,  wh  > 
knew  him  well,  always  spoke  of  him  in  terms  o[  friendship 
and  respect;  and  a  schooner  built  for  him  at  Huston's  ship- 
yard was  named  the  "  Governor  Francis  "  for  his  Indian 
friend.  Governor  Francis's  efforts  for  the  American  cause 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolutionary  War  were  considered  of  the 
highest  value,  and  the  friendliness  of  the  Indians  was  held 
to  be  the  means  of  saving  the  eastern  settlemeiUs  and  of 
giving  our  nation  the  important  point  of  possession  when 
the  war  closed  and  treaty  was  to  be  made.  There  are  docu- 
ments extant,  including  a  letter  from  General  Washington, 
which  show  the  great  value  placed  ui)0ii  the  alliance  witii 
the  Indians.  \\'hen  the  lirilisli  naval  expedi'ion  under  Sir 
George  Collier  made  their  attack  upon  Machias  on  tlie  13111 
of  August,  1777,  (lovernor  Francis,  with  his  Indians,  formed 
an  important  part  of  the  force  which  repulsed  them.  His 
exploit  in  shooting  the  connnander  of  one  of  the  Pritisli 
boats  at  a  very  long  range  was  considered  quite  remarkable, 
and  the  terrific  war-veils  of  the  tribe  had  a  disheartening 
effect  upon  the  invaders.  In  his  later  years,  the  sachem 
received  a  regular  pension  from  the  I'nited  States  govern- 
ment.     He   bore  unini   his  person  the  marks  of  a  tussle  v.ith 


III      : 


486 


EASTPORT   AND    I'ASSAM  A( .U.'ODDV 


a  bear,  which  nearly  cost  him  his  life.  His  daug;hters,  Tellus 
Molly  and  .Mrs.  Sockbasin,  are  well  remembered.  His  son 
John  Francis  succeeded  him;  but  soon  a  rival,  Sabbatis  Nep- 
tune, set  up  his  claims,  and  the  dispute  of  the  succession,  if 
it  had  not  the  magnitude  of  s Hilar  controversies  in  the  great 
empires  of  history,  did  certainly  make  as  much  noise  in  pro- 
portion to  the  number  of  subjects,  though  their  most  warlike 
demonstrations  did  not  go  beyond  the  cutting  down  of  a 
liberty  pole. 

The  Roman  Catholic  Church  has  always  maintained  its 
supervision  of  the  tribe  and  been  untiring  in  its  efforts  for 
the  spiritual  and  moral  welfare  of  the  Indians.  Soon  after 
their  first  'ocation  at  Pleasant  Point,  thev  were  visited  bv 
Rev.  John  Cheverus,  who  afterward  became  Pishop  of  Bos- 
ton, and,  some  yenrs  later  returning  to  his  native  France, 
was  elevated  to  the  dignity  of  archbishop  and  then  made 
cardinal.  He  made  several  lengthv  visits  to  the  Passama- 
quoddies,  and  at  the  close  of  the  last  century  inducted  as 
his  successor  Rev.  James  P.  Romagne,  who  remained  until 
1818.  For  some  lime  after  there  was  no  resident  priest, 
and  Rev.  Elijah  Kellogg,  pastor  of  the  Congregational 
church  at  Perry,  conducted  a  school  at  the  Point  gratuitously 
for  six  or  seven  \ears;  but  since  that  time  the  educational 
as  well  as  the  religious  instruction  of  the  tribe  has  Ijeen 
cared  for  by  the  Catholic  Church. 

In  my  own  boyish  recollections,  the  Indians  added  a  most 
picturesque  element  to  the  life  of  our  island  town.  Their 
head-quarters  was  at  Hayden  &  Kilby's  store,  and  their 
graceful  canoes  clustered  on  the  beach,  below  what  was  once 
the  town  landing.  Their  dress  was  in  decided  contrast  to 
that  of  the  whites.  The  younger  squaws  wore  tall  black 
hats  with  broad  silver  bands,  silver  disks  upon  their  bosoms, 
and  below  their  short  skirts  leggins  trimmed  with  beads  and 
scarlet  cloth.     The  older  squaws  wore  peaked  cloth   caps. 


THE    I'ASSAMAijUODDV   TRiliK   OK    INDIANS 


487 


The  nialc's  often  had  a  head-gear  of  fur,  and  all  wore  moc- 
casins. The  amount  of  silver  in  possession  of  the  tribe  in 
bands  and  circular  plates  was  considerable, —  in  prosperity 
worn  upon  their  j)ersons,  and  when  hard  up  a  convenient 
pledge  on  which  to  raise  funds. 

One  picture  of  home  life,  and  a  familiar  one  in  many 
houses  in  Washington  County,  I  shall  never  forgei.  When 
a  storm  or  other  cause  prevented  their  return  to  Pleasant 
Point,  they  would  unhesitatingly  come  to  the  house  with  the 
assurance  that  they  were  welcome  to  a  night's  entertainment; 
and,  before  going  to  bed  myself,  I  have  often  looked  in  upon 
the  scene.  The  cook-stove  had  not  then  come  in ;  and 
before  the  broad  kitchen  fireplace  circling  round,  with  feet 
to  the  fire  and  with  chairs  turned  down  to  rest  against,  were 
sannups,  squaws,  and  pappooses,  sleeping  as  soundly  as  if 
under  the  shelter  of  their  own  wigwams.  And  before  the 
family  were  astir  in  the  morning  the  whole  party  would  go 
silently  away,  their  entertainers  not  having  the  slightest  fear 
that  anything  not  their  own  would  go  with  them. 

I  cannot  remember  the  old  chief,  if  I  ever  saw  him  ;  but 
two  marked  figures  I  do  recall.  One  of  these  was  Deacon 
Sockbasin.  He  could  read  and  write,  though  his  spelling, 
as  shown  in  the  sample  in  my  possession,  was  rather  imper- 
fect ;  and  he  had  been  to  Washington  to  see  the  President. 
He  considered  himself  the  greatest  man  in  the  tribe,  and  was 
continually  trying  to  impress  others  with  the  idea  of  his  dig- 
nity and  importance.  On  special  occasions,  he  wore  a  coat 
of  startling  style.  Years  ago,  on  one  of  my  visits  to  Pleas- 
ant Point,  looking  over  the  fence  of  the  little  burial-ground 
I  saw  a  rift  of  split  cedar  standing  in  place  of  a  headstone, 
bearing  in  rude  letters  the  inscription, — 

TIK\   SOKKPSX. 

This  was  his  last  resting  place. 


:    i 


488 


EASTPORT   AND    PAS.SAMA( JUODDY 


The  other  well-known  person  was  that  unctuous  savapje. 
Captain  Jo  Beetle,  Bat  this  does  not  exactly  describe  him  ; 
for  taciturnity  and  stoicism  are  supposed  to  be  characteris- 
tics of  the  savage,  and  Captain  Jo  showed  neither.  He  was 
always  witty  and  good-natured,  though  generally  drunk  ;  was 
a  favorite  with  men,  women,  and  children;  and  his  spouse, 
Mrs.  Sally  Jo  IJeetlc,  was  equally  well  known. 


I 


INDIAN    NAMES. 

The  following  list  of  Indian  names  for  localities  in  the 
Passamaquoddy  region  is  furnished  by  Peter  E.  \'ose,  Esq., 
of   Dennysville  :  — 


lie  ma  nock'  wa  nai'i;>.im. 

nua  ga  chusque', 

Wa  c[ua  ick', 

rUia  nos  com'  cook, 

.Me  si  gin'  a  goske, 

Ka  baimi'  kcag, 

Ma  nah'  nook, 

Wa  bos'  sa  gock. 

.Meddy  bcmp  sook', 

Cat  lian  isk'. 

Su  l.ec  wan'  ga  mook. 

Nam  da  mas  snag'  um, 

Mak  warn  kusk', 

Xah  sa  ick'. 

I'osseps  can'  ga  niook. 

Xc  con  au'  ga  mook, 


l'eml)n)ke  Lake. 

Devi"s  (D'Okville's)  Head. 

Oak  Bay. 

St.  Andrews, 

Indian  Iskuid. 

Lubec. 

Grand  Manan. 

Liberty  Point  (Robbinston). 

Mcddybemps. 

Dennys  River. 

Hadley"s  Lake. 

(iardner's  Lake. 

Red  IJeacli. 

Hoyden's  Lake. 

Cathance  Lake. 

l\()und  I'ond. 


From  other  sources  are  gathered  the  following  :  — 


Muttoneguis, 
Muttoneguamus, 

Sybaik  or  .Seeboycook, 
Cheburn, 


r  Doucctt's  or  St.  Croi\  Island 
-;  and  a  smaller  island  just  below, 
l^  which  has  since  disappeared. 

Pleasant  Point. 

West  ( Hioddy  Head. 


THE    PASSAMAtjUODDV    TRIIiE    OF    INDIAN'S 


489 


Pevva,i,mn, 
Ebauhuit. 

Skc(lai)sis, 


West  Brancli  ol  rennamaquan 

Campobello. 

The  Friar  (Stone  .Manil:in). 


Besides  the  followinj;  well-known  names  :  — 


Sclioodic, 

Cobscook, 

Pennamaquan, 

Mamirreuock, 

Cliamcook, 

I\Iagguadavic, 


River. 

Bay  and  River. 

River  and  Lake. 

Lakes. 

Hills. 

River. 


Sr£&M^W^^$ 


BOOKS 

ISTATIO.«fejiW 


APPENDIX. 


X(»TK   A,    l'A(; 
OnVina!  grantees  of  Moose  Islaiu 


cli 


i:   141. 

')>•  (Jcncral  Court  ol   Massa- 


usetts,  after  survey  by  Solomon  Cush'ing  in  17.;!  :  — 


Names  of  jjrantces. 
jaiiKs  Ciicliraii, 
Samuel  Tut  tie, 
Jiihn  Shackford, 
Calel)  llcnnton, 
William  Clark, 
John  McGuire, 
Joseph  Clark, 
Henry  lioweii, 
Nathaniel  Clark, 
William  Coucly, 
William  Crow, 
William  Kicker, 
Reuben  Kicker, 
Ste])hen  I'"ountain, 
William  Ilammoiul, 
Paul  Johnson, 
Caleb  lioynton,  [r., 
William  Clark,  ' 
-Moses  iVorwootl, 
Richard  Hall, 
Solomon  Maybee, 
James  Carter, 
Jacob  Lii;coln, 
Robtrt  J5cll, 


No.  of  lot. 
i 

3 

4 

5 
6 

7 
8 

9 
10 
II 
12 

'3 
14 

'5 
16 

17 
kS 

19 
20 
21 
22 

23 
24 


"   III  acres 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

100 

CO 

100 

100 

too 

100 

rs 

TOO 
ICO 

50 

100 

63 


7'^ 

lOO 


Date  of  settlement 
of  grantee. 

1772 
177- 
C'V, 
1774 
177- 
1 7  So 
'77-^ 
1774 
'7S5 

1772 
1774 
1774 
I7S4 
1783 
I7S2 
1784 
1783 
1785 
1790 

I^>J 
I7SS 
1790 
I7S5 


These  foot  u])  2,040  acres,  when 
island.  I'pper  liar  or  Carlow's  I  si 
granted  to  Rev.  James  Murphy  in  i 


tliere  were  only  1,910  in  the 
and,  containing  68  acres,  was 
fioj ;  and  the  same  year  two 


APl'KNDIX 


491 


small  lots.  rcsLivcd  lor  public  uses  at  liroad  Cove,  were  j^jianted 
to  Dr.  John  L.  I!.  <  ircen. 

It  is  apparent  that  not  much  confidence  can  he  jilaccd  in  the 
dates  ol  settlement  liiven  in  the  above  list.  Probably  some  of 
the  grantees  visited  the  island  for  tishing  purposes  several  years 
bcl'ore  actual  settlement.  In  the  journal  of  Park  Holland,  who 
accompanied  General  Rufus  i'utnam  in  i,~84  at  the  time  ol"  the 
tirst  survey,  it  is  stated:  *■  There  was  at  this  time  but  one  family 
living  on  the  island  by  the  name  of  Conklin.  Thev  had  been  here 
several  years,  but  did  not  farm  it  very  e.xtensively.  They  had 
neither  (;xen  or  horses,  antl  one  of  the  sons  told  me  he  did  not 
know  whether  a  horse  was  a  horned  creature  or  not.  They  sowed 
corn  and  jjotatoes.  and  did  their  work  with  hoes;  for  i)loughs  they 
never  used,  for  the  good  reason  they  had  ni)  creature  to  draw 
them." 

It  was  shown  in  evidence  before  the  Houndary  Commission  in 
171/)  that  courts  of  justice  were  establisheil  at  Campobello  under 
tiie  laws  of  Xova  .Scotia  in  1770,  and,  soon  afterward,  James 
C\)ffran  or  Cochran,  of  Moose  Island,  was  appointed  a  deputy 
marshal  ov  sheriff  in  connection  therewith,  it  seems  (juite  certain 
that  this  was  the  first  permanent  family  on  the  island,  and  the 
name  is  preserved  in  Cochran's  Head. 


NoTi:  I),  Pa(;e   179. 

The  following  official  report  of  the  commander  of  the  Pritish 
forces  concerning  the  capture  of  Moose  Island  is  taken  from  the 
London  Gcntlonan's  Ma^^aziiw  for  September,  1814:  — 

Downing  Street,  Aii,L;ii>t  10. 
[Transmitieil  by  Sir  J.  C.  Sni:Kiiii;K)KE.  ] 

MoosK  Island,  I'assam.vijcoiiov  IIav,  July  i2t!i. 
Sir:  —  Having  sailed  from  lliilifax  on  the  5th  in>t.,  accompanied  l)y 
Lieut.  Cnl.  Xiciioiis  of  tlie  Roy.il  Engineers,  and  a  detachment  of  the 
Royal  Artillery  under  the  coniniand  of  ('apt.  Dunn,  I  have  the  ii'innur 
to  aci|ua!nt  your  I'.xcellency,  tiiat  we  arrived  at  .Shelhurne.  the  jjj.ice  of 
rendezvous,  on  the  evening  of  the  ~\.\\  inst.,  where  I  found  Capt.  .Sir 
'I'hotnas  Hardy,  in  ins  Majesty's  ship  Ramilies,  with  two  trans[)oris, 
having  on  board  the  loj  reg.  under  the  c(Jimnand  of  Lieut.  Col.  Harries 
wliich  had  arrived  the  dav  before.  I  did  not  fail  to  lay  before  .Sir 
Thomas  Hardy  iny  instructions,  and  to  consult  with  him  the  best  means 


492 


EASTI'CJRT    AND    PASSAMAQUf  iDDY 


of  carrying  them  into  execution.  As  we  (.oncurrod  in  oi>inir)n,  that  tlie 
success  of  the  enterprise  wiili  whicli  we  were  entrusted  would  very  ma- 
terially depend  u])oii  our  reaching  the  jjoint  <jf  attack  previous  to  the 
enemy  being  ajipriscd  of  our  intentions,  that  otlicer  with  his  accustomed 
alacrity  and  decision,  directed  the  ships  of  war  and  transports  to  get 
under  weigh  early  on  the  following  morning;  and  we  yesterday,  about  3 
o'clock  I'. M.,  anchored  near  t)  the  town  ot  Mastport.  ( )n  our  approach 
to  this  island,  Lieut.  Oates  (your  E.xcellency's  Aid-de-carnp,  whom  you 
had  pcrmittetl  to  accomi>any  me  on  this  service)  was  detatched  in  a  boat 
bearing  a  llag  of  truce,  with  a  summons  (which  is  transmitted)  addressed 
to  the  olficer  commanding,  reriuiring  that  .Moose  Island  be  surrendered 
to  his  liriitanic  Majesty.  'I'liis  proposal  was  not  accepted;  in  conse- 
(juence  of  which,  the  troops  which  were  alreadv  in  the  boats  })ullcd  off 
under  the  superintendence  of  Capt.  Stcahouse  of  the  Ruyal  .Mary,  whose 
arrangements  were  so  judicious  as  to  insure  a  successful  issue;  but 
previous  to  reaching  the  shore,  the  colours  of  ihe  enemy  on  Fort  Sulli- 
van were  hauled  down.  (Jn  (jur  landing  the  capitulation  was  agreed  to, 
of  which  the  coi)y  is  enclosed.  We  found  in  the  Fort  a  di;tachnienl  of 
the  40th  reg.  of  .-Vmerican  infantry  consisting  of  si.\  ofllcers,  and  about 
eighty  men,  uniler  tiie  command  of  Major  I'utnam,  who  surrendered 
themselves  prisoners  of  war.  This  I'ort  is  situated  on  an  eminence 
commanding  the  entrance  to  the  anchorage;  and  within  it  is  a  block 
house,  and  also  four  10  i ounders,  one  iS  pound  carronade,  ;iiid  four 
iield  pieces.  'l"he  extent  of  the  island  is  ab^uit  four  miles  in  length,  and 
two  in  breadth,  and  in  great  state  of  cultivation.  The  militia  amoiuit  to 
about  250,  and  the  population  is  calculated  at  1500.  We  have  also  (.ceu- 
pied  Allen's  and  Frederick  Islands,  so  that  in  this  bay  the  whole  of  the 
islands  are  now  srbject  to  the  IJritish  flag.  It  is  very  satisfactory  to  me 
to  add  that  this  service  has  been  effected  without,  anv  los-;  or  casualty 
among  the  troips  employed  in  it.  To  Capt.  Sir  Thomas  Hardy,  I  con- 
sider myself  under  the  greatest  obligations;  having  experienced  ev-. ry 
possible  coo|)eration,  with  an  otter  to  disembarli  from  his  s([uadron  any 
[proportion  of  seamen  and  marines  which  [  considered  necessary.  I  beg 
to  acknowledge  my  thanks  to  you  in  allowing  your  Aid-de-camp,  i.'eu- 
tenatit  Oates  to  accompany  me  ui)on  this  service.  He  has  been  of  great 
assistance  to  me,  and  will  have  the  honour  of  delivering  this  dispatch. 
He  has  also  in  his  possession   the  colours  and  standard   foutid   in  Foil 

Sullivan.     I  have  lic. 

(Signed)  A.  riLKiNinoN, 

r.ieut.  Col.  Deputy  Adj.  Cen. 

[Here  follow  the  summons  above  adverted  to,  with  the  articles  of 

capitulation  and  return  of  ordnance  and  stores.] 


Al'I'ENDIX 


493 


NoTi:  C,  I'AOK  1X5. 

The  liiicknam  liouse,  whicli  stood  near  the  shore  Ixjlow  Sliack- 
ford's  Cove,  abreast  of  Hucknam's  Point  and  lUnknani's  Led,c;e, 
was  built  in  1807  by  Hcnjainin  and  Seward  lUuknani,  two  enter- 
prising youiiLC  mcrciiants,  whose  stores  were  near  at  liand.  It  was 
a  larye,  square,  doul^le  house,  witii  hipped  roof,  and  of  ample  si/e 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  families  of  both  partners.  When 
the  war  broke  out,  about  one-tiiird  of  the  jjopulation  of  the  place 
moved  away,  and  among  them  these  two  families,  who  went  to 
Portland.  On  the  cajjture  of  the  island,  the  liritish  othccrs  took 
possession  ol  the  best  houses  in  town  for  their  own  (piarters, 
and  .Sir  Thomas  Hardy  sele  ■'.•il  the  lUicknam  house,  which  he 
occupied  durin^j  his  stay;  and,  after  his  departure,  it  became  the 
residence  of  Colonel  Gubbins,  the  military  conmiander,  who  hat' 
his  wife  r.nd  children  witli  him,  and  maintained  a  laru,e  esta!)lisl, 
nient.  After  the  departuie  of  the  British,  the  owners  returiie>'i 
and  occupied  it  a,!;ain.  Afterward,  it  had  other  tenants,  and  was 
destroNcd  by  tire  in  1S33. 

1  must  have  been  in  the  old  mansion  several  times,  but  of  oidy 
one  visit  do  I  retain  a  distinct  recollection.  It  was  then  the 
residence  of  Kev.  Thomas  Beetle,  jiastor  of  the  Unitarian  church. 
I  remember  the  front  yard,  siuTounded  by  palings:  and  that  on 
one  of  the  terraces,  which  sloped  toward  the  shore,  stood  a  sun- 
dial, which  is  still  in  the  possession  of  .Mrs.  iillen  Li\ermore,  a 
daughter  of  the  house.  I  retain  boyish  impressicjns  of  a  spacious 
entrance  hall  and  broad  stairways  within,  with  high-studded  rooms, 
and  inside  woodirn  shutters  to  the  tall  wiiid<nvs. 

The  imi)ressi()ns  of  that  visit  I  have  never  lost:  and.  when  1 
read  of  the  old-time  mansions  of  the  shore  towns  of  New  I'^ngland. 
this  home  i)resents  itself  as  a  rejjresentative  of  the  class.  Indeed, 
there  seem  to  clu'-ter  about  it  the  elements  of  deep  dramatic 
interest:  and  I  have  often  thought  that  here,  waiting  the  touch 
of  a  master-hand,  were  all  the  materials  of  a  most  romantic  story, 
such  as  might  have  engaged  the  pen  of  Hawthorne.  The  scene 
itself  —  the  stately  mansion,  with  its  grounds  slojjing  to  the  sea: 
the  dark,  treacherous  ledge  close  at  hand,  round  which  the  swift 
tide  rushed  and  the  whirling  eddies  boiled,  where  the  Indian  pad- 


I 


494 


KASiroKT    AND    l'ASSAMA()rOI)I)Y 


(lied  his  lii^lit  c;inoc  and   the  sturdy  lisherman  bent  at  the  oars 
of  his  deep-laden  boat;  the  play  ot  storm  and  calm,  clear  sunliLjht 


and 


tl 


ik; 


mist,  which  was  unrolled   at  its  doors  — 


would  make  a 


most  i)erfect  settini;.  And  then  the  actors  !  While  the  prosper- 
ous youncj  merchants  were  fitting  uj)  their  homes,  the  opportu- 
nities of  the  Kmbar;,^o  and  Xon-intercourse  Acts  were  drawing:,- 
adventurers  of  all  sorts  to  the  island,  and  the  harljor  in  front  was 
the  scene  of  many  stranj^e  transactions.  Then  followed  the  war, 
and  the  builders  lied  with  their  families  from  the  exposed  fnuitier 
to  places  better  protected.  The  concpierors  came  upon  the  scene; 
and   armed    men    in    the    scarlet    liverv   of    Hritain     truarded    the 


doors,    wliile   their    superiors,    with    c 


dank 


uu 


swords   anc 


heavv 


l)oots,  tramped  up  and  down  the  stairways,  and  the  roof  timbe 


rs 


resount 


led    with   their   high    revelry.       Ib're,   too,   came   suppliant 


larsh    mditarv 


committees  of  towns])eople  to  ask  relief  f''om 
measures.  Then  it  became  an  English  home,  with  high-bred 
father  and  mother,  rosy  children,  their  gentle  teache.,  .ind  trained 
servants.     Then   returned   welcome  i)eace,   and   the   house's   own 


built, 
but 


Then  returned  welcome  i)eace,  and  the  1 
children  were  gathered  back  again.  When  the  mansion  was 
it  seemed  as  if  this  might  become  the  court  end  of  the  town 
the  current  set  the  other  way,  and  In"  and  by,  when  its  own 
kindred  had  left,  it  went  oiT  in  llamc.  Xor  is  there  wanting  a 
reconl  of  revenge,  crime,  and  remorse  —  one  of  those  ti'ue  stories 
which  are  stranger  than  liction  —  to  give  a  tragic  interest  to  tlie 
tale.  Miss  Evans,  a  refined  young  Iad_\-,  Ii\-ed  in  the  commandant's 
taniilv  as  companion  to  .Mrs.  Gubbins  and  governess  to  the  chil- 
dren; and  she  was  brutally  murdered  by  a  soldier  named  .Shay,  a 
servant  of  the  English  chaplain  who  lived  near  by,  because  she 
had  made  complaint  of  some  neglect  of  duty  on  his  pait.      lie  \\:is 


arrested 


and 


confined  i 


n  the  block-house  on  Fort  Hill,  confessed 


lis  crniie  an 


d  h 


um 


iiimse 


If. 


and 


us  remains  w 


ere  buried  at   the 


water's  ed!:;e  at  liroa 


d  C 


ove. 


r.ut  neither  earth   nor  sea  co 


re 


main  content  •.villi  the  murderer  and  suicide  beneath  the 


m 


uid 


and 


si.xtv  vears  later,  the  rejected  bones  were  cast  to  the   suiface,  anc 
had  to  bvi  removed  to  another  burial  in  less  sensitive  soil. 


Al'l'F.XniX 


495 


XtJTE  D,  Ci;.\sus  OF  i~ijo. 
Tlie  Macliias  Republican  of  March  29,  1S59,  iniljHshcd  tlie 
census  of  Washington  County  for  1790  as  taken  by  James  Avery, 
assistant  to  tlie  marshal  of  Maine  at  that  time.  Machias  was  then 
the  only  incorporated  town  in  the  county.  '1  "le  census  of  the 
Passamaquoddy  townships  is  copied  here.  The  list  contains,  in 
the  first  column,  "names  of  heads  of  families":  the  second  shows 
'■the  number  of  free  white  males  of  sixteen  years  and  upwards, 
including  heads  of  families":  the  third,  "the  number  of  free 
white  males  under  sixteen  years  of  age";  the  fourth,  "the  num- 
ber of  free  white  females,  including  heads  of  families";  and  the 
fifth,  "  the  number  of  Ijlacks  "  :  — 


Township  A'o.  \  (1/ 

'•V  J 

Wn 

'). 

James  Chuhbuck, 

Ahiah  Daiiiuns, 

I 

•t 

John  Frost, 

-> 

Saiimcl  l-rost, 

Alexaiuicr  Ibxigc. 

-» 

-. 

William  Kilby, 

1 

I 

Moses  l.incoin, 

2 

Jacol)  Lincoln, 

1 

i'eter  Loring, 

1 

William  Morrison. 

"> 

4 

AlexaiuU  r  Patterson, 

4 

Haniul  Swctt, 

I 

XathaniLl  .Stoddard, 

1 

4 

Samuel  Tiittle, 

■> 

4 

James  Wood, 

"> 

1 

Total, 

iS 

16 

Township   N'o.    2    [now    Domysvillo 

and  l\-mh)oLe\. 
Robert  Ash,  2       i        z 

Jas.niul  .\hram  bridges,  3       j;       i 
James  P)lackwood,  1        2       2 

Christopher  Jiciuler,        \ 
John  bridges,  i  2 

Solonu^n  ('ushing,  1 

Laban  Ciishing,  i 

Widow  Clark.  i  3 

Sci]iio  1  )iUton,*  1; 

Warren  Ciardiier, 


I 


'This  cnlorcd  man,  .Scipio  Diittnii,  was 
B.-\v,  uliitli  since  that  time  lins  beon  kiuiwii  a 


1  )aniel  Gardner, 
/ebiilon  I  lersev, 
Thomas  1  lenclerson, 
Christopher  Hatch, 
bsaiah  Hcrsev, 
Clement  Huckings, 
Richard  I.'arijer, 
Theodore  Lincoln, 
Zenas  Lincoln, 
Daniel  Lea, 
Hatevil  Leighton, 
Joshii.i  l.iiicoin, 
l''.dmund  Mahar, 
Andrew  Moram, 
Nathan  I'leston, 
|ohn  I'alnier, 
Richard  Smith, 
Samuel  Spraguc, 
betsey  Stoddard, 
Josiiua  \\'ilson, 
William  Wilson, 
Theophilus  Wilder. 
Theophilus  Wilder,  fr , 


'I'otal, 

Township  A'i>.  \ 
Jacob  bo\ den, 
William  biigbee, 
John  brewer. 
Widow  Laussett, 


4 

[11070 


30     6;  0 
'hhinstou). 


I 


rinvnod  ii-ar  his  hdim:  mi  an  .iini  of   K.ipt 
s  .Sljj's  Ij.iy. 


496 


EASTPOKT   AND    I'ASSAMAQUODDY 


John  Johnson, 
Sanuiel  Jones, 
Job  Johnson, 
SamiH'l  Lcshure, 
Donald  McDonald, 
Jo.-^eph  Porter, 
Daniel  Soines, 

Total, 


I 
I 

1 

•> 

1 
4 

I 

1 

1 

I 

o 

3 

3 

i6     I 


To'iunship  A\>.  5  {now  Cd'tiis). 


John  Hcrry, 

I 

1 

-> 

.1 

John  Holiannon, 

^ 

■1 

Nathaniel  Uaslcy 

and 

Son, 

2 

2 

■^ 

J 

James  1  )yer. 

1 

I 

2 

[ones  ]  )vcr. 

'> 
J 

1 

,■» 

'Daniel  Hill, 

.> 

1 

.1 

William  Jackson, 

1 

n 

I 

James  L:ine, 

I 

3 

I 

John  Xohlc, 

I 

T 

2 

Tlionias  Pettviirove, 

4 

J 

5 

John  Ryan  and  Robert 

Connor, 

2 

James  Spraguc, 

1 

5 

3 

Al)ic]  S])raguc, 

I 

-> 

3 

I'^li  Spragiie, 

1 

2 

Total, 


^4     -C'     34 


7\n(j)tship   A'o.  S    [now  Lube 

E, is/ fort). 
Jolm  Alhji,  ;, 

Andrew  Hownuin,  i 

I't  re/  Riitr  1 

William  I'.ell,  i 

I  lenry  i'>osven,  2 

Caleb  liovnton,  2 

Tliomas  Ucaman,  .: 

Caleb  lioviUon,  (r.,  i 

William  ('lark,  ' 
lames  Cochran, 
\Villian»  Clark, 
Joscoh  Clark, 
N'athaniul  Clark, 
John  Carl, 
James  Carter, 
Henry  Clark, 
Kdward  Coombs, 
Lewis  I'".  Dcltsdcrnier, 
(lideon  Dclesdernier, 
Nathaniel  Denbow, 


(i/ti/ 

4 
4 


.1 

.1         1 

1 

5 

1       4 

1        5 
1        1 

4        1 

I 

1 

t       3 

.1 

I 

1         C) 

Thomas  Dexter, 
John  Durney, 
John  Foster, 
Widow  Flagp, 
Stei)hcn  Fountain, 
Jacob  Gove, 
Nathaniel  (ioddard, 
William  Coudv, 
Sanuicl  Duckings, 
Richard  Hall, 
Alexander  Ilackct, 
William  I  lammon, 
James  Johnson, 
Thomas  Jtnkins, 
Paul  Johnson, 
John  Kent, 
James  Kelly, 
b)hn  Kent, 
1  lenrv  I^ongmaid, 
John  McCiregor, 
Elias  Maybce, 
Solomon  .Ma\bee, 
Morgan  '  >wen, 
1  )ominicus  Rmner", 
^VillK^m  Rumery, 
William  Ramsdell, 
Penjamin  Reynold", 
lames  Ramsdell, 
i-'.bene/er  Ramsdell, 
Isaac  Kamsckll, 
William  Ricker, 
William  Sitiipson, 
John  Shackford, 
John  Simpson, 

'I'otal, 

Township  A^o.  0  {now  'I 
lohn  Cook, 
Samuel  Reynolds, 
1 )()( lor  I'.d wards, 
Samuel  Katon, 
[ohn  Carew, 
William  Holland, 
Richard  J  cardan. 

Total, 

Towushtp  A'o.  10  {noiv  £• 
Flijah  Aver, 
S.imuel  Ash, 


6o  IC9 


■es.otl). 


7     I 


iiiiuii(is). 


APPENDIX 


Elijah  Aver,  Jr., 
Hawes  Hatch, 
WiHiani  Hurley, 
Nathaniel  I  lobar  t, 
James  Nale, 
Widow  Oliver, 
Daniel  Smith, 
lienjamin  Shaw, 
James  Shaw, 

Total, 


497 


I 
r 
I 

-> 

I 
I 


5 
3 


J 
J 


Township  No.  12  {uoiv  Whitin^] 


'4       5     2j 


Davis  Hryant, 
John  Crane, 
John  Dowling, 
Thomas  Harvey, 
Jabez  Huntlev,Jr., 
Sarah  Howe,' 
Hezekiah  Xickerson, 
George  Peek, 
Lemuel  Trescott, 

Total, 


-» 

r 

r 

3 

I 

t 

I 

-> 

4 

I 

I 

( 

r 

T 

3 

1 

I 

3 

1 
I 

I 

3 

II 


Note  E.  Pacji-  22.;. 

-ant,  with  your  doings  tI,creon,  to  the  clerk  of  this  com-Anv   on 

or  before  the  said  thirtieth  day  of  Au-t.st  con.pany   on 

Civen  under  my  hand  and  seal  at  iSistnort  this  sixteenth  A.       f 

August,  one  thousand  eight  hundred.  '"•'  ""^ 

Omvi-k  Siii-ai), 
Captain  of  the  Kastport  .Militia. 

p        .  ,  ,    ,  E.VSTPOUT,  August  28,  1.S00. 

a»  .1,0  la„.  .lireo.,,  and  „,  „,e  ,!,„„  ,,  l„^  l^ecitel  "         '■"""' 

IIknrv  W.vdf;.  Seri;t. 

Kdward  Clark.  r   1      1-      ,  , 

J'llm  Kendall. 

David  I'arsons. 
John  Tunihlesome. 
Thomas  Johnson. 
Taul  Jt)hnson. 
Solomon  Mavhee. 


Moses  Norwood. 
James  Carter. 
Nathaniel  Clark,  Jr. 
Daniel  ffolmes. 
Josiah  Eaton. 


498 


KASrroRT    AXD    PASSAMAOUODIIV 


l\ol)(.it  Il.inington. 
Andrew  Harrington,  Tr, 
ICdward  Coombs. 
Thomas  Burnham. 
IVnjamin  liall. 
Aaron  Haydcn. 
John  Young. 
David  Gilmore. 
Josejjh  Livermore. 
I.aban  Stoddard. 
Jeremiah  liuryin. 
Samuel  Tuttle,  Jr. 
Richard  Sandljurn. 
Robert  IIucken.s. 
Dominions  Runicrv. 
Mark  Allan. 
Horatio  Gates  Allan. 
William  l\imierv. 
Mathias  Xutter. 
Wentworth  Heni^on. 
William  Ijowen. 
fohn  I.i/enbv. 


Elias  Mavbee. 

Stephen  Fountain. 

John  Xordstrum. 

William  Kgan. 

Patrick  Egan. 

John  Monoii. 

Samuel  l.cighton,  Jr. 
John  Leighton. 

Samuel  Greenough. 

I'rancis  Brown. 
John  Shacktord,  Jr. 
James  Cochran. 
Robert  Cochran. 
Sohmion  Cushing. 
X oah  Johnson. 
Jacob  Gove. 
James  Ramsdell. 
William  Ramsdell. 
Daniel  Ramsdell. 
John  Monholland. 
Nat  Dcnbow. 


NojK  F,   I'AGi:  239. 

Mr.  Delesdcrnier  was  tiie  pioneer  collector  of  customs  and 
postmaster  of  this  re-ion.  The  collectors  of  the  district  of  Passa- 
maquoddy  have  been : — 


Lewis  F.  1  )elesdernier. 
Lemuel  Trescott. 
Stephen  Thacher. 
Leonard  Jarvis. 
James  W.  Ripley. 
Samuel  A.  Morse. 
Sullivan  S.  Rawson. 
Joseph  C.  Noyes. 
Anson  G.  Chandler. 


liion  Bradbury. 
Daniel  Kilby. 
Robert  Burns. 
Washington  Long. 
Charles  R.  Whidden. 
Xoel  B.  Nutt. 
Willis  Haycock. 
Samuel  1).  Leavitt. 


ArrEN'iux 


4<)9 


.Mr.  Delesdernier  was  also  postma,ster  of  Passamaquodcly,  with 
his  otlice  at  Flac:,t;'s  Point  i?i   Lubec  Narrows.     Tiie  postmasters 


)f  East])ort  have  been  :  — 

()li\er  Sliead. 
Jnhn  Hurgin. 
J:iines  Curtiss. 
Lcjring  F.  Wheeler. 
Oliver  Shead.* 
Daniel  L  Odeil. 


Winslow  l^ates. 
Warren  1  lathe  way. 
Charles  C.  Norton, 
fieorge  W.  N(jrton. 
Frank  McGtaw, 


Note  C. 

On  page  2G0,  tlu-  formation  of  the  Eastport  Female  Denevolcnt 
Society  is  noticed.  From  a  small  jiamphlct  pul>lishcd  Ijy  licnjamin 
Folsom  in  rS22,  the-  following  list  of  original  members  and  the 
first  hoard  of  orficcrs  is  copied:  — 

Mrs.  Aaron  liayden,  Firs/  J^irectrcss. 
Mrs.  William  Shackfi^rci,  Second  Directress. 
Mrs.  Samuel  Wheeler,  Treastircr. 
Miss  Hannah  C.  Ifayden,  Collector. 
Miss  .Sally  L.  Wheeler,  Secrctiry. 


man.'\c.p;rs. 


Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
.Mrs. 
.Mrs. 

Miss 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
.Mrs. 
.Mrs. 
Mrs. 
Mrs. 
.Mrs. 
.Mr.s. 
Mrs. 


Thomas  Jf)hnson. 
Robert  Mowe. 
llcnjamiu  King. 
John  Webster. 
Micajah  ITawks. 


StnssCRIIiKKr- 


Mary  Allen. 
Philip  bell. 
Thomas  lUniiham. 
Jonathan  liartlett. 
luhvard  Haker. 
Anthony  ISrooks. 
John  Clark. 
William  Clark. 
Josojih  Conev. 
William  i  )elesdernier. 


Mrs.  William  Clark. 
Mr.s.  John  Clark. 
Mrs.  Silas  Thayer. 
Miss  Margaret  Wortman. 
Miss  Deborah  Croshv. 

Mrs.  John  Hurgin. 
Mrs.  Jerry  I'urgin. 
Miss  Kli/.a  .\.  liurgin. 
Mrs,  Samuel  buck. 
Mrs.  [ohn  bowman. 
Miss  Rachel  llowman. 
Miss  1  leborah  Crosbv. 
Mrs.  Flv,al.ieth  Coond)s. 
Mrs.  Flizabeth  Davidson. 
Mrs.  Ilirani  Far). 


'Sun  of  the  first  pcistmaster  nf  same  tiamt; 


500 


EASTPORl'   AND    PASSAMAQUODDY 


Mrs.  I'enjamin  Folsoni. 
Mrs.  Jesse  Gleason. 

Mrs.  Aaron  Hayden. 

Miss  Hannah  Hayden. 

Miss  Sarah  Harrod. 

Mrs.  Arthur  Howard. 

Mrs.  Stephen  Jones. 

Mrs.  ]5enjaniin  King. 

Miss  Sarah  Lynde. 

Mrs.  John  Miliikin. 

Mrs.  McCartcr. 

Mrs,  ]:)arius  Ohnstead. 

Mrs.  Robert  Parker. 

Mrs.  Thomas  I'arker. 

Mrs.  Jacob  Shackford. 
Mrs.  John  Shackford. 
Mrs.  William  Shackford. 
Mrs.  Robert  Tctherly. 
Mrs.  John  Webster. 
Mrs.  Jonathan  Weston. 
Mrs.  Edward  Williams. 
Miss  Margaret  Wortman. 


Mrs.  l':zekiel  Foster. 

Mrs.  Jonas  Gleason. 

Mrs.  George  Hol)bs. 

Mrs.  Isaac  Hobbs. 

Mrs.  Nathan  Higgens. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Johnson. 

Mrs.  Daniel  Kilby. 

Mrs.  Daniel  Low. 

Mrs.  William  Maybee. 

Mrs.  Rol)ert  Mowe. 

Miss  Ann  O.  Nelson. 

Mrs.  Kthcl  Olmstead. 

Mrs.  Leonard  Pierce. 

Mrs.  Ebenezer  Starboard. 
Mrs.  Abel  Stevens. 
Mrs.  Samuel  Stevens. 
Mrs.  Silas  Thayer. 
Mrs.  John  Todd. 
Mrs.  Samuel  Wheeler. 
Miss  Sally  L.  Wheeler. 
Mrs.  Kzra  Whitney. 
Mrs.  Jerry  Young. 


Ai'I'ENDIX 


.-,oi 


Minor  Notes  and  Cokkections. 

Page  223,  first  line.  Mr.  Vosc,  of  Dennysvillc,  in  a  note  to  the 
Bangor  Historical  Magazine,  corrects  this  statement.  The  trees 
were  cut  near  the  same  lake  by  his  grandfather.  Thomas  \'ose,  but 
on  the  territory  of  Plantation  No.  5,  now  the  city  of  Calais. 

Page  269.     Seventh  line  from  the  top  read  17.S1)  for  1739. 

Page  273.  flavor's  bookstore  is  mentioned  on  this  i^age.  In 
the  compiler's  possession  is  a  relic  of  this  establishment, —  a  little 
book  of  95  pages,  z\  by  4}  inches,  with  this  title-page  :  — 

A  Conference  Meeting 

Hymn  Pook 

"  Let  us  sing  unto  the  Lord  " 

East])ort 

Published  by  Iliram  S.  Favor 

1S32. 

Copyrighted  by  publisher.     John  Pent.  Printer 

The  collection  is  composed  of  both  standard  and  "  pennyroyal '' 
hymns. 

Page  322.  The  Brewer  house,  Robbinston,  is  still  standing, 
though  moved  from  the  original  site. 

Page  327.  The  name  of  the  town  of  Ldmunds  is  incorrectly 
spelled  in  the  note  at  foot  of  this  page  and  also  under  the  picture 
on  page  333,  and  on  pages  472,  473.  It  was  so  called  from 
Edmund  Hobart,  the  ancestor  of  the  original  proprietors.  He 
came  from  Hingham,  Eng.,  and  settled  at  Hingham,  Mass.,  in 
1635,  and  was  a  deputy  in  the  General  Court. 

Page  335.  The  Kilby  house  iiere  represented  is  still  standing 
on  the  Edmunds  siile  of  tlie  river,  where  it  was  moved  many  years 
ago,  and  the  Congregational  parsonage  occu|)ics  the  original  site. 

Page  398.  Lieutenant-colonel  W.  H.  .McMahon,  of  the  Twenty- 
seventh  New  York  Infantry,  was  son  of  Rev.  Isaiah  McMahon. 
first  pastor  of  the  Methodist  I'.piscopal  Church, 

Page  415.  Dr.  Robert  T.  Edes  was  son  of  Rev.  Richard  .S. 
Edes,  former  pastor  of  the  Unitarian  church.  The  son  graduated 
at  Harvard  College,  and  before  his  removal  to  Washington  was 
one  of  the  professors  in  the  medical  department  of  tiie  university. 


LIST  OF  slt5S(;rii;ers. 


.\l)l)Ot,  ('..  K.,  ('iriilnn,  ^Ia^s. 
Abbiit,  Miss  L.  M.  H.,  Grotnii,  Mass. 
Abbcit,  Miss  S    r.  ,  (InuiiM,  Mass. 
A'rxaiuler,  F.  W.,  KicluiKnicl. 
All  x.iiuler,  W.  I'".,  KaNipurt. 
Ail.iii,  (.'"corce  \\'.,  llosKiii. 
AMflii,  I.   Iloli.irt,  I''dniiiitcls. 
.Ailaii,  I.  1 '  ,  iJciiiiysviile. 
Allan,  N.  S., 
Allan,  T.  \V.,  " 

Anderson,  Jnsuiili,  E.ist]iort. 
.Andrews,  llcnry  1'.,  Iliidsdii,  Mas*. 
Appkby,  IlLMiry  ( ).,*^tiirsi<()rt. 
.Avtry,  C.  E.,  Hostim. 

ll.du'r,  Henry  U.,  Revere,  Ma?s, 
r.aikam,  .'^.  1'.,  Hyde  FarU.  Mas^.,  .(  copies. 
l'.:ilkani,  S,  1).,  liunaica  Pl.iin,  Mass. 
Ilin.uor  Public  Library,  llangor. 
r.arihit,  I'rewcr,  Cilendale,  Ohio. 
I'.,  anian,  N.  P.,  Ho-ton. 
Mibber,  A.  H.,  ICastport. 
r.ibber,  Miss  .An.^^iisla  M.,  Kastp"rt. 
I'.ibbcr,  C.  W., 

Dibber,  l^le.uar  O.,  " 

r.ibb.r,  Tlioinas  M  , 
r.islio]),  Kn(  ch, 
Hislinii,  H.irv.v  J., 
Ili^-liop,  Idhn  H. .  " 

P.ishop,  "William  I'., 
Illanchard,  Ainla-MNc,  " 

lllanrluird,  Hir.\ni,  " 

rmaidrnan,  Cieruvo  .\.,  Calais. 
liouMKin,  Kdwaid  K.,  Easlport. 
liradlord,  .\lden,  '  2  copies. 

Dradfonl,  Andrew  V.  1!.,    " 
liradlord.  W.  T., 

liradish,  Martni,  "  2  copies. 

Hradish,  Walter  1'., 
Uradlee,  Mrs.  \.  J.,  Koxbnry,  Mass. 
llrewi-r,  deorge  J.,  Wasliington. 
r.rrwer,  jnhii  .S.,  Cbii;a;,;i>. 
Ilrooks,  Charles  1).,  Dedhani,  Mass. 
I'rnoks,  [.  Ilobart,  Koxbiirv,  Ntass. 
r.rooks,  William  M,,  Kovbnry,  .Mass. 
Hrown,  Mrs.  Calvin  S.,  Wa-liinnton. 
llrown,  Jolliro,  Muldieboro,  Mass. 
I'lrowii,  i..  P.,  Miildlebiiro,  Mass. 
I'.iick,  Kislii-r  A.,  Eastport. 
P)iick,  Ciecrt;!'  N'.,  San  Kranci^in. 
Piucknani,  Edward  Il.Siiiux  City,   Iowa,  2 
copies. 


I'ucknam,  Mr'.  I''.stlier  Iv ,  Lij;onier,  Ind. 
Hiicknam,  .Sanniel,  (iriinicU,  Iowa,  2  cojiies 
Uucknam,  Josepli  ,-;.,  Easipnrt. 
Pnckiiam,  William  P.,  Ea-tport. 
liuTKin,  l'',d\vard  S.,  Des  Monies.  Iowa. 
P.iis-eK,  Iiavid  .V  ,  Cbehiisfnrd,  Mass. 
Hiixton,  (Jh.irles  M..  Eastport. 
ISyrain,  Saimiel  K.,  Eastport. 


Santa  Ikirbara,  Cai. 
.,  Eastport. 


.Midi. 


I. 


Mich 


Calder,  Mrs.  H.  P 

(  alhoun,  Mrs.  K.  1. 

Campl.iin,  James  A. 

Cani|)beri,  ."sainiiel, 

Capen,  (  harle.s  C"..  Kalama/oo, 

Capen,  Edward,  Eastport. 

Capen,  (iiorue  W.,  Eastport. 

Capen,  VVilliatn  1"..,  I'ied  Hank,  N 

Catlin,  Rev.  U.  1).,  Eastport. 

Chadbonrne,  \    S.,  \'iiilon,  Iowa. 

Chadbonrne,  Tbos.  1,  ,  HiuiKhtoii; 

Chandler,  Horace  P.,  Px'stnii. 

Chriitopher,  Otorne  W.,  Easlport. 

Clarid.:e,  James  R.,  Haltiinore. 

Claridjie,  William  II.,  Haliimore. 

Clark,  Mrs.  Addie  S.,  St.  Paul. 

Clark,  Albert  W.,  Eastp.,it. 

Clark,  I.afavelte,  " 

Clark,  R.  n., 

Col'fin,  J.  N., 

Cog'.;ins,  .S.  H.,  Portland. 

Colwe'l,  William  H.,  Ki-tport. 

Conrad,  Prof.  \'.  I..,  Pliiiadelpliia. 

Coohdge,  Joseiih  A,,  San  riancisio. 

Corning:,,  Capt.  C.  \'.,  Easioort. 

Coulson,   Ca])!.    W.    C,    U.S.    K.    Marine, 

Pliiladelphia. 
Coyie,  Jcdni  I!.,  Port'and. 
Crane,  .Mrs.  Mary  P.,  Port  Carbon,  Pa. 
Ciiinminijs,  C.  H.,  Eastiiort. 
Curry,  Cadwalladcr,  IJo^toii 

Dana,  John  J.,  Perrv,  Iowa. 

I).ina,  William  I'.,  Wa>-hini;ioii. 

Hamrell,  Charles  I,.,  llo<toii. 

I)avis,  Miss  .Vbbie  M  ,  Eastport. 

Davis,  Jolin  W.,  East|iorl. 

Deiinysville   and    Ednumds   Soci.il    Library, 

Deniiysville 
l)ew(y,  Hiiiry  P.,  Portland. 
!iiii/ey,  Fred.  V.,  I.twi^toii. 
1  )tiiiiiniord,  Hon.  Josiah  H.,  Portland. 
l)nrney,  James,  Eastport 


1,1^1     OK    SUlJSCRIIiKKS 


5°: 


r)yt;r,  (Jliarles  H.,  Ka^tporl. 
Dyer,  Cieorge  H.,  lill^l^)ll,  z  copiL-s. 

K:i--imnn,  Cn'orKi',  Iln-tfui. 
K.isiiiiirt  I'uliiic  Library,  K:is;piirt. 
l'>li-<.  Ur,  Robert '1'.,  Wasbiii;^t(iii. 
Kidriflni;,  Chark-sT.,  VV'.ishiin;ion. 
KUbiclHc,  William  H.,  Xew  Orleans. 
Esthvveiler,  I''.  C,  Milwaukee. 


abens,  Mrs.  Charles  K.,  .'^alem,  Mass. 

aiming,  Jed  1'.,  Lubec. 

erris,  C.  1''  ,  Eastjiort. 

lagg,  C.  C,  Canipobello,  N.H. 

lag!!,  James  .-X.,  I'i'sion. 

lye,  VViili.ini,  'roDt-b.im. 

()iM)Mi,  lames,  \Vi)lnirii,  Mass.,  3  copies. 

reiicli,  Andrew  W.,  Pliiiadelphia. 

rencb,    K.    Webster,    South-west     Harbor, 

Mount  Desert. 
rosi,  Simeon  N.,  Eastport. 
roihingham,      Rev.      Frederick,      .NTiitrn, 

.Mass.,  3  copies. 


Galvin,  Rev.  E.  I.,  Chicago. 
Garcbier,  H.  A.,  Eastport. 
Gar(bier,  Dr.  E.  E.,  U.S.  .■Xrmy. 
(jaskill,  Eben  A.,  Grand  .M.inati,  N.U. 
Gay,  ,S.  S.,  Roxbnry.  Mass. 
Gibson,  Andrew  J.,  IJosion. 
(liilespie,  F.  A.,  F^ast|)ort. 
Gilhgan,  Edward  J.,  Eastpoit. 
Gilson.  Mrs.  .Maria,  I'ortland. 
Gleasini,  Frank  D.,  Ho~ton. 
Gleason,  Jonas  A.,  Canulen. 
Gleason,  William  C.,  Dedham,  Mass. 
Goold,  Franklin,  Eastport. 
Grady,  Jolin  C,  Philadelphia. 
Gr.tnger,  Mrs.  D.  '1'.,  Xew  York  City. 
Granger,  Frank  D.,  Washington. 
Granger,  Reed  H.,  New  Vurk  City, 
(ireen,  Robert  C,  Ea^port. 
Greenlaw,  Mrs.  Seretha,  Eastport. 

Hale,  Hon.  F'ngene,  US.  Senate,  F'Jlsworth. 

H.ill,  Moses  S.,  Fredericton,  N.B. 

Hall,  Thomas  11.,  St.  John,  X.15. 

Harrington,  Andrew,  Flastport. 

Harrington,  George  E.,  East  Koston. 

Hirrington,  J.  C,  "  " 

Harrington,  Sidney,  Poston. 

H.irrington,  William  .S  ,  East  l>oston. 

Harris,  Henj.imin,  F.;ast|iort. 

Harris,  Dr.  E.  N.,  lioston. 

ilarris,  .Mrs.  Mary  A.,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Harris,  Robert  M.,  Melrose,  Mass. 

Haskell,  C'harles  A.,  Hortlaiul. 

Haskell,  .Samuel  Stevens,  St.  Paul. 

Hatheway,  H.  J.,  Honlion. 

H.iyden,  Aaron,  Sijnih  Kobbinston. 

Hayden,  Charles  H.,  lialtiinore. 

Hayes,  (jeorge  H.,  Eastport. 

Henry,  J.  1!.,  Hoston. 

Higgins,  John.  Eastport. 

Higgins,  \\'illiatn  1'.,  Oconto,  Wis  ,  2  cojiies. 


Hilyard,  Ca|>l.  (haries,  Eastport. 

Hmklev,  John  W.,  Eastpon,  2  copies. 

Hobart,  Albert,  Maitland,  N.S. 

Hobart,  C.  C,  J'^dmiinds. 

Ilobart,  1:.  F  ,  .Milford,  Mass. 

Hobbs,  Mi^s  A    M.,  Kendall  (ireen,  M.iss. 

Howard,  Rev.  Thos.  D.,  Charlestown,  N.H. 

Holmes,   K.  A.,  Eastpon. 

llolme«,  Fred.  A.,     " 

Holme-,  M.  C, 

Hughes,  Rev.  A.  J.,  " 

Hnnie,  Mrs.  Caroline  K.,  F.astpi>rt,  2  copies. 

Hnme,  Harrison,  lioston. 

Hume.  Sew.ird  L.,  .St.  Paul. 

Hume,  WiJli.im  S.,  Eastport. 

Huston,  .Mi-.s  H.innah  S.,  Eastpiort. 

Huston,  William  M.,  P)nston. 


Ilsley,  Charles  p..  Milwaukee,  2 
llsley,  John  P.,  ( iermantown,  1'. 


ipies. 

,  2  copies. 


Jackson,  Charles,  Eastport. 

Jackson,  M.  .A.,  F^astport. 

Jordan,  .Mrs.  Marcia  JJradbury,  Portland. 

Kane,  P.  M..  Eastport. 

Kelley,  A.  11..  F^ast  Boston. 

Kent,  <).  \.,  Grand  Manan,  X.ll. 

Ker,  William,  Calais. 

Kilbv,  .-Xlden,  Newton,  Mass. 

Kiiby,  H.  F.,  I^astport. 

Kilby,  Charles  H.,  Deniiysville. 

Kiiby,  Danii.'l,  I^ast|iort 

Kilby,  Dr.  Heniy  S.,  North  .Vttleboro,  .Mass. 

Kilby,  Herliert,  F'.a'-tport. 

Kilby,  (Juinev,  Boston,  2  copies. 

Kimball,  Helen  1^  .McE.,  Librarian  Treasury 

1  )eparinient,  Washington. 
Knight,  John  IL,  Portland. 
Knox,  Col.  I'..  B.,  Chicago. 

Lamprey,  John  P  ,  Kensington.  NIL 
Lapham,  W.  B,,  .Aiigusia, 
Leach,  Miss  Jane  IL,  Perry. 
Leavitt,  George  W.,  Boston. 
Leavitl,  S.  D.,  t^.istport,  3  copies. 
Leigbton,  J.  1!.,  F^asijjort. 
l.eland,  Willi.im  .S.,  Boston. 
Libby,  Mrs.  Charles  F.,  I'ortland. 
Linunid,  Dr.  R.,  Campobello,  N.B. 
IJncoin,  Dr.  A.  R.,  Dennysville. 
Lincoln,  Berijamin, 
Lincoln,  Ediiumd,  " 

Lincoln,  IL  F., 

l.mcoln,  Joseph  W.,  New  Vork  City. 
Lincoln,  W.  S.,  St   Louis,  2  coi)ies. 
Liitie,  George,  F^dmunds. 
Littelield,  (icorge  I..,  Bostfjn 
L'veriiKjre,  E.  K.,  Flastport. 
Liverniore,  O.  .S.,  Livermore, 
Lord,  Wallace,  l^astport. 
Loring,  I'.ivisT.,  F^astjiort. 
Loring,  George  B.,  Portland. 
Lowe,  John  A.,  I'lastport. 
Lowell,  .Mrs.  A.  H.,  Roxbnry,  Mas 


n  copies. 
Cal. 


504 


EASTPOKT   AND    I'ASSAMA(JUODDY 


Lowtll,  Robert  M.,  I'nston,  2  copies. 
I.owrll,  W.  L.,  koxbury,  Mas*. 
Lynch,  Hon.  John,  Wasliinnton. 
Lyon,  Mrs.  Krnory,  Providence. 

Mabee,  Mrs.  Ann,  Eastport. 
Maine  State  Library,  AiiKusta. 
Manson,  A.  S.,  Boston. 

Manufacturers'  and  Mechanicb'  Library  As- 
sociation, Lewiston. 
Marston,  Nathan  VV.,  Liibec. 
.Martin,  Cliarles,  Eastport. 
Martin,  K.  S.,  Eastport. 
.Martin,  .Miss  Kate,  Eastport. 
Mayberry,  Mrs.  Amanda  L.,  I'oston. 
McCiillonjih,  Daniel,  Eastport. 
McCir.iw,  EiaiiU,  "  2  copies. 

McCrt-v.i,  I'ldward  S.,     " 
McGreKor,  .Miss  Emma  A.,  Eastport. 
Mctjrenor,  James,  Liibec. 
McCjrcKor,  Jolin  H.,  I'.astport. 
-McLarren,  L  (i.,  Eastport. 
McLarren,  K.  S  ,  Boston. 
McLarren,  VVilliam  IL.  Eastjiort.  IX. B. 

MtLaut;liIiii,   D     I.   Wond,  (l^and   Manan, 
.McLan-lilin,  W.  V,.,  Grand  .Manan,  N.B. 
McLel  an,  ().  E.,  Los  Ancelts,  Cal. 
Mc.NLilioii,  O.s^nr  E.,  p^astport. 
Menard,  Saiiuud  J.,  Boston. 
Meredith,  Joscpli  IL,  St.  Stephens,  N.B. 
.Merrill,  Mrs.  I'.lias,  Bangor. 
Merrill,  ^L•s.  (;.  W  ,  Baii-or. 
.Micheiier,  E.  C  ,  .Minneapolis. 
Mddon,  W.  .S.,  l'!astport,  2  Copies. 
.Milliken,  !•'.  S.,  Eastport, 
.Mitclull,  Charles  .M.,  Eastport. 
Morris,  .Mrs,  M.  L. ,  Aubiirndale,  !\LiSS. 
Morton,  I'rancis  E.,  Boston. 
Moses,  Kcv.   T.  (;.,  Eranklin,  N.H. 
.Mulneaux,  James,  Eastport. 

Nelson,  ('.  Alexander,  Brooklyn. 
Nelson,  Miss  .\Lirtha  E.,  'IVeiitoii,  N'.J. 
Newcoinb,  E.  E.,  Eastport. 
Xewcoiid),  Harry  C,     " 
Newcomb,  L.  H  ,  " 

Newton,  Isaac,  Grand  Man,\n,  N.B. 
New  Vork  State  [.ibrary,  .Mb.my. 
Norton,  K.  ().,  New  \'ork  t.  iiy. 
Norton,  John,        "         "        " 
Norton,   riiomas.  New  York  City 
Notwoi  d,  John  K..,  Lawrence,  2  copies. 
Noyrs,  .Mrs.  Helen  A.,  Eastport. 
Noyes,  Charles  U.,  Chic.tno. 
Xoves,  Edward  A.,  P<irtland. 
Noyes,  Joseph  C,  New  Vork  City. 
Xoyes,  Xathaniel,  East  .Sullivan. 
Xntt,  N.  B  ,  Eastnort. 
Xiitt,  N.  B.,  Jr.,  Clyde,  Kan. 

Gdell,  D.  L,  Needliam,  ^L\ss.,  2  copies. 
Odell,  J.  J.  P.,  Chicago. 
O'Donnell.  E.  E.,  Liibec. 
O'Grady,  George,  Eastport. 
Osborn,  Rev.  J.  W.,  Swansea,  .Mass. 


Paine,  Frank  S  ,  Ea«tport. 

Paine,  (ieorjie  H.,      " 

Paine,  .Mrs.  .M.  S.,     " 

Parsons,  Mary  E.,     " 

Pattannall,  Mrs.  F.  .M.,  Wasliington. 

Patterson,    (ieorgc   A.,    Holyoke,    .Mass.,   2 

copies. 
Patterson,  Dr.  R.  R.,  Eastport. 
Pearce,  John  S.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Peavey,  Charles  T.,  .Minneapolis. 
I'eavey,  Frank  H.,  Minneapolis,  3  copies. 
Peavey,  Limes  E.,  .Sioux  Citv,  Iowa. 
Perkins, "D.  P.,  Portland. 
Peters,  Chief  Justice  Jno.  A.,  Bangor. 
Pettin.uill,  Mrs.  Laviiiia  B.,  Eastport. 
Pike,  E.  C'.,  Brookline,  >Lass.,  5  copies. 
Pike,  Humphrey,  Central  Park,  Long  Island, 
Pike,  Jabez  'I'.,  S.icraniento,  2  copies. 
Pike,  John  J.,  Eastport. 
Pike,  Capt.  Simon  H.,  Liibec. 
Pilsbury,  Charles  A.,  Belfast. 
Pine,  L'.  \V.,  Eastiiort. 
Porter,  Alexander  .S.,  Boston,  5  copies. 
Portland  Institute  and  Public  Libra'y,  Poit- 

land. 
Prescoit,  Moses  I!.,  F.astport. 
Purvis,  Mrs.  A.  .M.,  Washington. 

Quoddy,  The,  Eastport. 

Rathbnn,  Mrs.  Richard,  Washington. 

Reynolds,  IL  J.,  Eastport,  2  copies. 

Reynolds,  Mrs.  L.  '!".,  Pcinbruke. 

Rice,  Charles  H.,  Bucksiiort. 

Rich,  Kev.  A.  Judson,  Fall  River,  Mass. 

Ring,  v..  1,.,  Liibec. 

Roach,  John,  Eastport. 

Robertson,  J.  W  ,  Eastport. 

Rockwell,  Mrs.  W.  H.,  Xew  York  City. 

Roop,  Joseph  L  ,  Eastport. 

Riimery,  Iv.ra  W.,        " 

Ruinery,  Jesse  H.,       " 

Russell,  Edward,  Boston. 

.Sabine,  Mrs.  Lorenzo,  Roxbury,  Mass. 
Saunders,  George  W.,  Liibec. 
Savage,  John  B.,  Round  Rock,  Tex. 
Scott,  Capt.    P.  A.,  Roval    Navv,    Halifax, 

N.S. 
Sentinel  Oflice,  Eastport. 
Shackford,  E,  L  ,  St.  Pan!. 
Shackford,  !•,.  W.,  l^ast  Weymouth,  Mass. 
Shackford,  Ca))!.  E.  W.iilace.  H.irrington. 
Shackford,  Capt.  John  W.,  Philadelphia. 
Shackford,  Samuel,  Chicago. 
Shackford,  Capt.  William,  New  York  City, 

3  conies. 
Shea,  William  A.,  Eastport,  2  copies. 
Shead,  Jes.se  G. ,  " 

Shead,    Loring    W.,    North    Grosveiiordale, 

Conn. 
Shead,  .Mrs.  Oliver,  Eastport. 
Sheahan,  John,  Dennysville. 
Sheahan,  Dr.  John  P.,  Dennysville. 
Sherlock,  Stephen,  Eastport. 


LIST   or-    SfBSCRrRKRS 


505 


Sjiiels,  James,  Eastroit. 

Siinpsdn,  John  C:.,  Xlw  York  City,  3  copies. 

.Skinner,  Cleortti'  K.,  lioston. 

Small,  Dr.  K.  .\[.,  ICas'port. 

Small,  I.diiis  C,  N\w  York  Citv. 

Smith,  Gen.  C.   H.,  U.S.A.,  San   Antonio, 

Tex.,  2  copies. 
Smith,  (loiflen  H.,  Deur  Island,  N.li. 
Smith,  J.  I!.,  I'.astport. 
Smith,  J.  .Snowdon,  Hoston. 
Smith,  Mri    S,  S.,  (.."arroliton,  Mich. 
Spati's,  Jfihn  W.,  Kastport. 
Spates,  William  T. ,     " 
Spear,  Mrs.  Robert,    " 
Spear,  Robert,  Jr.,      " 
S|)ra,ciie,  Fremont  J.,  Charlotte. 
Stanchlieid,  Ezra,  ShuLvville,  Iowa. 
Stevens,  Joseph  C,  lioston,  5  eopi.'s. 
Stevens,  Simon,  Eastport. 
Sturtjis,  I)r.  Kiis.slII,  lioston. 
Sumner,  A.  li.,  Lubec. 
Swett,  J.  A.,  Kerndale,  Cal. 
Swett,  J.  M.,  ICastport. 

Talbot,  .Mrs.  Mary  L.,  lirookline,  Mass. 

Talbot,  Mrs.  S.  G'.,   San  Franci?co,  S  copies. 

TliacliL-r,  Peter,  Boston. 

Thoiniiscn,  Fred.  W'.,  Portland. 

Thom|ison,  Capt.  John,      " 

Tillinghast,  C.   1!  ,  Massachusetts  Slate  I.i- 

brarv,  lioston,  2  copies. 
Tiltoii,  John,  Ottawa,  Canada. 
Tomkin>,Mrs.  .Maria  E.,  Hillsboro,  N.l:.. 

2  copies. 
Tuck,  Mrs.  Sarah  F.,  St.  John,  X.!;. 


I'ukey,  Mrs.  A.  P.,  ( )nialia. 
Tiiltk-.  C,  I,..  Chelsea,  Mass. 
Tuttle,  R.  M.,  E.istport 
Trec.irtin,  Fted.  E.,  Lubtc. 

Varian,  C.  S.,  Salt  Lake  Citv,  Utah 
\  inton,  Frederic,  Princeton,  N.  J. 
Vo<e,  E.  Howard,  Calais. 
\'ose,  Peter  E.,  Dennysville. 

Wadsworth,  Frank  T.,  Eastport. 

Wadsworth,  Mrs,  Herbert,  Chicago. 

Wadsworth,  S,  I,.,  I';astp(jrt. 

Ware,  .M.  Everett,  lioston,  2  copies. 

Warren,  Winslow,         " 

Washburn,  Eonis  DeW..  Minneapolis. 

Wells,  Samuel,  lioston,  2  copies, 

Wentworth,  A.  I..,  Robbinston. 

Whalen,  I-.  M,,  Eastport, 

Wheeler,  E.  S,,  Niacara  FalN,  MY. 

Whrlpley,  Henry,  Eastport. 

Whitteiiuire,  (;,  I>.,  lioston. 

Wliittemore,  Thomas,     " 

Whittier,  Rev.  Charle.s,  Dennvsville 

Wilder,  H.  F.,  lioston. 

Wilder,  Rev.  T.  G.,  Tilton,  X.ll. 

Williams,  Mrs.  F.,  Camhridne, 

Williams,    Mrs.    Julia    F, ,    .Santa    Barbara, 

Cal. 
Winslow,  Capt.   [.  S.,  Portland. 
Winter,  R.  R.,  Kast  Oak'and,  C.il. 
Witherell,  Samuel,  Eastpoit 
W,>od,   I.ieut^  O    E.,  U.S  A.,  Fort  Mnnroe, 
Wood,  Mrs.  Wilham,  Eastpi.rt. 
Woodman,  J.  11.,  Salt  l.aku  Citv. 


